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Hildebrandt MK, Noack J, Wuellhorst R, Endrass T, Jauk E. Impulsivity mediates the association between narcissism and substance-related problems beyond the degree of substance use: a longitudinal observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:280. [PMID: 38622531 PMCID: PMC11017556 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcissism has been implied as a putative risk factor for substance use disorders (SUDs). However, previous research did not disentangle the degree of substance use from substance-related problems, the symptoms of SUDs. This preregistered study addressed the open question whether grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and their constituent traits convey specific SUD risk, that is, explain substance-related problems beyond the degree of use. Furthermore, we tested whether impulsivity or substance use motives linked to narcissistic self-regulation mediate this association. METHODS Narcissism, impulsivity, substance use motives, past-year substance use, and substance-related problems were assessed in 139 (poly-)substance users, 121 of whom completed a one-year follow-up. For significant longitudinal associations between narcissism factors and substance-related problems controlled for the degree of use, we tested impulsivity and substance use motives as mediators. RESULTS Grandiose narcissism (r =.24, p =.007) and its constituent factors antagonistic (r =.27, p =.003) and agentic narcissism (r =.18, p =.050), but not vulnerable narcissism, prospectively predicted substance-related problems beyond the degree of substance use. Associations of grandiose narcissism and antagonistic narcissism with substance-related problems were fully mediated by impulsivity, but not substance use motives. Impulsivity explained roughly one third of the association of both grandiose (P̂M = 0.30) and antagonistic narcissism (P̂M = 0.26) with substance-related problems. DISCUSSION We demonstrate that grandiose narcissism- particularly antagonistic but also agentic narcissism- is specifically linked to substance-related problems beyond the degree of substance use. The mediating effect of impulsivity but not substance use motives suggests that impulsivity may be a more important mechanism than narcissistic self-regulation in promoting SUD in narcissism. However, future studies may use more targeted measures than substance use motives to further probe the role of self-regulation. Similar result patterns for alcohol compared to all substances together indicate that mechanisms may be alike across substances. In conclusion, narcissistic individuals may not use substances more but have a higher SUD risk, informing prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin K Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Josepha Noack
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raoul Wuellhorst
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuel Jauk
- Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 3, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Ziyan H, Jizu L. The impact of identity conflicts among Chinese knowledge-based miners on unsafe behavior: A moderated chain mediation model. Work 2024:WOR230685. [PMID: 38427531 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of smart mine construction, coal mine safety management is imposing stringent requirements on the safety competence of miners. To meet these demands, coal mine enterprises have initiated proactive measures to recruit a new generation of knowledge-based miners who possess high qualifications and specialized backgrounds. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of identity conflict (IC) and its influence on unsafe behavior (USB) among KBMs within the context of China's smart mining initiatives, as well as to identify the role of potential mediating and moderating variables in this relationship. METHODS An empirical study was conducted on a sample of 304 KBMs with a college degree or above, selected from multiple coal mines in Shanxi Province, China. Hierarchical regression analysis and the Bootstrap method were employed for data analysis. This model incorporated IC as the antecedent variable and meticulously investigated the mediating effects of role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and psychosocial resources (PSR), along with the moderating effect of positive explanatory bias (PEB). RESULTS The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between IC and USB among KBMs. RBSE and PSR were found to mediate the relationship between IC and USB. Moreover, this mediating effect further influenced the relationship between IC and USB through a chain mediating effect. Additionally, PEB strengthened the positive impact of KBMs' RBSE on PSR. CONCLUSION These results provide a broader perspective on the antecedent variables associated with KBMs' USB and provide valuable insights and practical management strategies enhancing the safety management practices within coal mining enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Ziyan
- School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Jizu
- School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Lone A, Othman Albotuaiba A. Association Between Big Five Personality Traits and Hypertension in Saudi Patients: A Case Control Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3427-3435. [PMID: 37664136 PMCID: PMC10473415 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s416828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between personality traits and hypertension is complex and has so far not been studied in depth. Objective The present study aims to explore the connection between the Big Five personality traits and hypertension. Methods This case control study includes 310 participants, and the relationship between personality traits and hypertension was investigated in normotensive and hypertensive patients by the Big Five Inventory-10. We examined the association of each of the Big Five personality traits in hypertensive patients and a control group using binary logistic regression analysis. Results The findings of the study revealed that amongst the Big Five personality factors, low conscientiousness (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92-1.29, P<0.005) and high neuroticism (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45-0.66, P<0.001) were related with high risk of hypertension. Male, older people, and physically inactive individuals have been found to be at a higher risk of hypertension. No significant relationship was found between hypertension and marital status, education, or smoking habits. Conclusion These results suggested that a low score in conscientiousness trait and a high neuroticism score may be an additional risk factor of hypertension. Thus, it may be worthy to investigate further in order to identify patients at risk and develop a more individual treatment strategy. Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological options can be used preemptively in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoob Lone
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, AlHasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Wallace GT, Henry KL, Barrett KC, Conner BT. Personality and emotion dysregulation profiles predict differential engagement in a wide range of health-risk behaviors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1740-1752. [PMID: 34243687 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-risk behaviors have an unclear etiology and college students have elevated risk for engagement. Emotion dysregulation and several personality dimensions have been implicated in health-risk behaviors, but these constructs have rarely been studied together. Further, it is unknown if different types of health-risk behaviors have distinct etiologies. PARTICIPANTS 2077 college students completed a cross-sectional survey. METHODS Latent profile analysis discerned classes of participants from emotion dysregulation and personality dimensions. Differential engagement in self-injury, suicidality, disordered eating, substance misuse, and unprotected sex was evaluated across classes. RESULTS Three classes were identified, which were primarily distinguished by emotion dysregulation, urgency, and neuroticism. Health-risk behaviors generally increased across classes with increasing emotion-related constructs. Self-injury and suicidality demonstrated different patterns than other health-risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Results elucidate heterogeneity in health-risk behavior engagement. Focusing on emotional difficulties may be more important for reducing self-injury and suicidality than disordered eating, substance misuse, and risky sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma T Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Karen C Barrett
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley T Conner
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Smith MS, South SC. Risky Sexual Behaviors as a Transaction of Individual Differences and Situational Context. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2539-2560. [PMID: 37103633 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) incur large societal and personal costs. Despite widespread prevention efforts, RSBs and associated consequences (e.g., sexually transmitted infections) continue to rise. A proliferation of research has emerged on situational (e.g., alcohol use) and individual difference (e.g., impulsivity) factors to explain this rise, but these approaches assume an unrealistically static mechanism underlying RSB. Because this prior research has resulted in few compelling effects, we sought to innovate by examining the interaction of situation and individual differences in explaining RSBs. A large sample (N = 105) completed baseline reports of psychopathology and 30 daily diary reports of RSBs and associated contexts. These data were submitted to multilevel models including cross-level interactions to test a person-by-situation conceptualization of RSBs. Results suggested that RSBs are most strongly predicted from interactions of person- and situation-level factors in both protective and facilitative directions. These interactions outnumbered main effects and commonly included partner commitment as a central mechanism. These results point to theoretical and clinical gaps in preventing RSB and urge a departure from prior ways of conceptualizing sexual risk as a static outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Shea Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Kwon E, Aalsma MC, Zapolski TCB, Monahan PO, Hulvershorn L. Impulsivity as a Predictor of Early Dating Initiation in 11-12-Year-Old Youth. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1435-1443. [PMID: 36547853 PMCID: PMC10560549 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As early initiation of dating behaviors is associated with risky sexual behaviors (e.g., higher number of sexual partners, sex with strangers), the current study examined determinants of early dating behaviors, focusing on impulsivity. Participants were 11-12-year-old boys (n = 109) and girls (n = 61) recruited from a psychiatric clinic and ads targeted to the general public. Ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each facet of impulsivity (negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and dating behaviors. Youth with higher sensation seeking and negative urgency was more likely to initiate dating behaviors at early ages compared to those with lower scores on those measures. Further, we found that female gender and higher parental education were associated with lower risk of initiating dating behaviors at early age. Advanced pubertal development was associated with higher risk for early dating. Our findings can inform prevention efforts, identifying sensation seeking and negative urgency as predictors of youths' early engagement in dating behaviors, which can be a precursor of early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kwon
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mathew C Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Patrick O Monahan
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Piepiora P, Bagińska J, Witkowski K, Nakonieczna J, Piepiora Z. Comparison of personality differences of Polish mountaineers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1120238. [PMID: 36910769 PMCID: PMC9992190 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A noticeably increased interest in mountain climbing, both as the form of extreme sport and a form of tourism, has been observed in Poland recently. The assumption of this study is that practicing different varieties of mountaineering influences the personality of Polish climbers in a different manner. The aim of the research was to compare the personality differences of Polish mountaineers. To this aim, the population of Polish high-performance mountaineers was studied (N = 81; including 39 women and 42 men). Due to the type of mountaineering practiced, the respondents were divided into Alpine climbers (n = 48) and Himalayan climbers (n = 33). The average age of the surveyed climbers is 33.85 years. The Big Five model was used including the NEO-FFI Personality Questionnaire and the analyzes were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics statistical method package, version 27.0. Statistically significant differences were noted only for agreeableness F(1.77) = 5.05, p = 0.027. The Alpine climbers showed a higher level of agreeableness than the Himalayan climbers. After taking into account the Sidak amendment, significant differences in the level of agreeableness were found only among women. Comparisons between other personality traits were not statistically significant. There is a significant difference between the personalities of Polish Alpine climbers and Polish Himalayan climbers in the dimension of agreeableness only among women: female Alpine mountaineers are more agreeable than Himalayan mountaineers. It was presumed that in terms of ethics in the high mountains, the social competences of Alpine mountaineers are much more developed than that of Himalayan mountaineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Piepiora
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Bagińska
- Wroclaw Business University of Applied Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Witkowski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Nakonieczna
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Piepiora
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Philbrook LE, Simmons EJ. Sleepiness Moderates the Associations between Personality and Financial Risk Tolerance and Spending Habits among College Students. Behav Sleep Med 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36495083 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2154212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality and sleep characteristics are related to financial attitudes and behaviors. However, to our knowledge no study has examined how personality and sleep may be conjointly associated with these financial outcomes. The present study examined sleepiness as a moderator of the associations between college students' personality traits and financial risk tolerance and spending habits. METHODS Undergraduates (N = 177, 77% women, 78% White) self-reported their personality traits and sleepiness using well-established questionnaires. Financial attitudes and behaviors were assessed via students' self-reported responses to a set of scenarios assessing risk tolerance as well as their spending habits over the prior two weeks. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses were run. Across five significant two-way interactions, high levels of sleepiness exacerbated risk for greater financial risk tolerance and higher spending among those characterized by high open-mindedness and low neuroticism, whereas low sleepiness increased protection for lower risk tolerance and less spending among those high in agreeableness and conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS Sleepiness may act as both a vulnerability and protective factor in relations between personality and financial attitudes and behaviors. Improvements in sleepiness, which is modifiable via intervention, may have significant implications for individuals' financial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Philbrook
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NewYork, USA
| | - Eric J Simmons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NewYork, USA
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9
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Anderson LE, Dingle GA, Moran C, Gullo MJ. Testing a psychosocial model of sexual communication and sexual risk-taking: A cross-sectional, online survey study of Australian University students. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2022; 34:100788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kearns NT, Contractor AA, Weiss NH. Measurement Invariance of the Reckless and Self-destructive Behaviors Construct Assessed by the Posttrauma Risky Behaviors Questionnaire (PRBQ) Across Trauma Type and Trauma Count. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jones RM, Van Den Bree M, Zammit S, Taylor PJ. The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Factors, Anger-hostility, and Alcohol and Violence in Men and Women: A Nationally Representative Cohort of 15,701 Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP8559-NP8581. [PMID: 33283620 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520978178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is known to have a disinhibiting effect and is associated with a higher likelihood of aggressive behavior, especially among men. People with certain personality traits maybe more likely to behave aggressively when intoxicated, and there may also be variation by gender. We aimed to investigate whether the reason why men and women with certain personality traits are more likely to engage in violence may be because of their alcohol use.The Big Five personality traits and anger-hostility, alcohol consumption, and violence were measured by questionnaire in 15,701 nationally representative participants in the United States. We tested the extent to which alcohol mediates the relationship between personality factors and violence in men and women.We found that agreeableness was inversely associated with violence in both genders. Alcohol mediated approximately 11% of the effect in males, but there was no evidence of an effect in females. Anger-hostility was associated with violence in both sexes, but alcohol mediated the effect only in males. We also found that Extraversion was associated with violence and alcohol use in males and females. Alcohol accounted for 15% of the effect of extraversion on violence in males and 29% in females.The mechanism by which personality traits relate to violence may be different in men and women. Agreeableness and anger-hostility underpin the relationship between alcohol and violence in men, but not in women. Reducing alcohol consumption in men with disagreeable and angry/hostile traits would have a small but significant effect in reducing violence, whereas in women, reducing alcohol consumption among the extraverted, would have a greater effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stanley Zammit
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- University of Bristol, UK
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12
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Efthimiou TN, Hanel PHP, Korb S. Volunteers' concerns about facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:117. [PMID: 35526073 PMCID: PMC9080168 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the application of an electrical current to the skin to induce muscle contractions and has enormous potential for basic research and clinical intervention in psychology and neuroscience. Because the technique remains largely unknown, and the prospect of receiving electricity to the face can be daunting, willingness to receive facial NMES is likely to be low and gender differences might exist in the amount of concern for the sensation of pain and skin burns. We investigated these questions in 182 healthy participants. The likelihood of taking part (LOTP) in a hypothetical facial NMES study was measured both before and after presenting a detailed vignette about facial NMES including its risks. Results showed that LOTP was generally high and that participants remained more likely to participate than not to, despite a decrease in LOTP after the detailed vignette. LOTP was significantly predicted by participants' previous knowledge about electrical stimulation and their tendency not to worry about the sensations of pain, and it was inversely related to concerns for burns and loss of muscle control. Fear of pain was also inversely related to LOTP, but its effect was mediated by the other concerns. We conclude that willingness to receive facial NMES is generally high across individuals in the studied age range (18-45) and that it is particularly important to reassure participants about facial NMES safety regarding burns and loss of muscle control. The findings are relevant for scholars considering using facial NMES in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul H P Hanel
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Sebastian Korb
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.,Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Impulsivity, Binegativity, Drinking to Cope, and Alcohol-related Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Model Among Bisexual Women. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Poovey K, de Jong DC, Morey K. The Roles of Body Image, Sexual Motives, and Distraction in Women's Sexual Pleasure. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1577-1589. [PMID: 35113273 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Women with body image concerns are more likely to experience sexual difficulties (e.g., with arousal, lubrication, orgasm). However, the processes by which body image impacts sexual well-being are poorly understood. We theorized that women with negative body image are less likely to view sex in terms of reward, leading them to have weaker approach sexual motives (i.e., to pursue positive experiences such as pleasure). Rather, women with negative body image may have sex to avoid personal insecurities and negative emotions, leading them to have stronger avoidance sexual motives (i.e., to cope with negative affect or to avoid partner conflict). In turn, we theorized that stronger approach sexual motives may allow women to be more focused on erotic cues during sex, thereby enhancing sexual pleasure, whereas avoidance motives may lead to greater distraction, interfering with sexual pleasure. Women (N = 1619) were recruited from online venues and reported on their body image and most recent sex. We found that body dissatisfaction was associated with weaker self-focused approach motives and in turn more distraction. Additionally, body dissatisfaction was associated with stronger self- and partner-focused avoidance motives and in turn more distraction. In turn, more distraction was associated with less pleasure and worse sexual function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of whether body image in women is associated with their sexual motives. Findings highlight the importance of sexual motives in explaining the link between body image and sexual pleasure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Poovey
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, 91 Killian Building Lane, Cullowhee, NC, 28723, USA
| | - David C de Jong
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, 91 Killian Building Lane, Cullowhee, NC, 28723, USA.
| | - Kasey Morey
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, 91 Killian Building Lane, Cullowhee, NC, 28723, USA
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Do Drinking Norms, Motives, and Drinking Behaviors Differ by Age Group among Korean Women? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063345. [PMID: 35329030 PMCID: PMC8955584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Drinking norms and motives accumulate with drinking experience; thus, it is likely that related drinking behaviors will differ with age. This study aimed to predict drinking behaviors by age based on drinking norms and motives in a sample of Korean women. Methods: This exploratory study used a nationwide demographically stratified sample including 1057 women aged 19−59 years. Self-report questionnaires assessed participants’ general drinking frequency and quantity, two drinking norms, and five dimensional motives. The data were analyzed using Spss 26. Results: Descriptive and injunctive norms were the predictors that accounted for the greatest variance in drinking frequency, quantity, binge drinking, and high-risk drinking across all age groups (p < 0.001). Descriptive norms predicted all drinking behavior better than injunctive norms and all five motives for all age groups. The effects of each of the five motives differed with age. The enhancement motive was the strongest predictor of the motives for drinking frequency, binge drinking, and high-risk drinking across all age groups. Social and conformity motives predicted only binge drinking. Conclusions: These results suggest that descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and enhancement motives predict drinking behaviors across all age groups, although the relative predictive strength of those variables differed by age.
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Talwar S, Srivastava S, Sakashita M, Islam N, Dhir A. Personality and travel intentions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: An artificial neural network (ANN) approach. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH 2022; 142:400-411. [PMID: 34924646 PMCID: PMC8669890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The tourism sector has been deeply ravaged by the COVID-19 pandemic as many individuals abstained entirely from travel. Thus, before contemplating the trajectory of the sector's recovery, it is essential to understand individuals' travel intentions both during and after the pandemic. The present study contributes in this regard by examining the impact of individuals' personality traits categorised by the five-factor model, or the Big Five, on their leisure travel intentions during and after the pandemic. To this end, we utilised an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to analyse 500 responses from individuals residing in Japan. The results reveal that extraversion has the strongest relative influence on intentions to travel during the pandemic, whereas openness to experience has the strongest influence on travel intentions after the pandemic. This study is the first of its kind to examine the influence of the Big Five personality traits on travel intentions in the context of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Talwar
- K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Nazrul Islam
- Department of Science, Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship, University of Exeter Business School, England, UK
| | - Amandeep Dhir
- Department of Management, School of Business & Law, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Jaipuria Institute of Management, Noida, India
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Using Virtual Reality to Examine the Association Between Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Adolescent Substance Use. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022:10.1007/s10578-021-01308-1. [PMID: 35066713 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Early substance use is associated with long-term negative health outcomes. Emotion regulation (ER) plays an important role in reducing risk, but detecting those vulnerable because of ER deficits is challenging. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a biomarker of ER, may be useful for early identification of substance use risk. To examine this, we enrolled 23 adolescents (Mage = 14.0; 56% minority) with and without a history of substance use and collected RSA during a neutral baseline, virtual reality challenge scene, and neutral recovery. ANOVAs indicated that adolescents who reported having used a substance were not different from non-using peers on baseline or challenge RSA but demonstrated lower RSA during recovery. This suggests that adolescents with a history of substance use exhibit slower return to baseline RSA after experiencing a challenging situation compared to non-using peers. RSA, an index of ER, may be useful in identifying adolescents at risk for early substance use.
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Singh P. Conscientiousness moderates the relationship between neuroticism and health-risk behaviors among adolescents. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:256-264. [PMID: 35060640 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Health-Risk-Behaviors (HRBs) are considered significant antecedent conditions of adolescents' poor health and mortality. Prevention of any adverse health outcome requires an in-depth understanding of the risk and protective factors associated with its development and maintenance. Among other potential causal pathways, the "neuroticism- HRBs-adverse health" link has been supported in previous studies. Trait neuroticism has been associated with poor health and HRBs, but several moderators were also observed, which might transform neuroticism into a desirable phenomenon, that is, healthy neuroticism, that leads to better health. Conscientiousness is one such potential moderator; however, the moderating effect of conscientiousness in the neuroticism-HRBs link has not been explored extensively among adolescents, especially in India; therefore, no conclusive evidence is available. Thus, the present study was planned to explore the moderating effect of conscientiousness in the relationship between neuroticism and HRBs among adolescents. The study was conducted in India and its cross-sectional sample, procured through a multi-stage stratified random sampling, consists of 648 (364 males) adolescents (Mage = 16.08). Participants provided relevant information on standardized questionnaires. Moderated regression analysis was applied to test the stated hypotheses. Individuals high on neuroticism and low on conscientiousness reported more indulgence in health-risk behaviors than individuals high on both neuroticism and conscientiousness. It indicates that a higher level of conscientiousness may reduce the negative impact that neuroticism has on HRBs. The findings imply that the assessment of conscientiousness and strategies to increase the same should be part of interventional programs to achieve adolescents' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parwinder Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Ropar, India
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19
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Singh P. Emotion Regulation Difficulties Mediate the Relationship between Neuroticism and Health-Risk Behaviours in Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:48-67. [PMID: 35015628 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.2006124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-Risk-Behaviors (HRBs) are significant antecedent conditions of adolescents' poor health and mortality. Prevention of avoidable adverse health outcomes requires an in-depth understanding of the factors associated with such outcomes. Among other possible pathways, the 'Neuroticism- HRBs-adverse health' link has been supported in previous studies. However, more extensive exploration of this link is required to identify the underlying modifiable risk factors. In the present study, one such factor, namely, emotion regulation difficulties, was explored to see its mediating effect in the relationship between neuroticism and HRBs-the first two constructs of the mentioned link. In this quantitative study, a total of 759 adolescents belonging to the Indian state of Punjab (Males= 402; M(age)=16.08) provided relevant information on a set of standardized questionnaires. Mediation analysis supported the major hypothesis of the present study. The results suggest that emotion regulation difficulty may be a significant mediator in the neuroticism-HRBs link. One's difficulty in regulating emotions might be an underlying mechanism through which high neuroticism increases the probability of indulging in HRBs, resulting in adverse health outcomes. The study implies that the assessment of emotion regulation difficulties should be included in interventional programs aimed at achieving adolescents' wellbeing, and early intervention may avoid progression toward adverse health outcomes in adulthood.
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Abstract
Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Krupić
- Department of Psychology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nese Caki
- Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Philip J. Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK
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21
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Brassard SL, Balodis IM. A review of effort-based decision-making in eating and weight disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110333. [PMID: 33905755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Effort-based decision-making provides a framework to understand the mental computations estimating the amount of work ("effort") required to obtain a reward. The aim of the current review is to systematically synthesize the available literature on effort-based decision-making across the spectrum of eating and weight disorders. More specifically, the current review summarises the literature examining whether 1) individuals with eating disorders and overweight/obesity are willing to expend more effort for rewards compared to healthy controls, 2) if particular components of effort-based decision-making (i.e. risk, discounting) relate to specific binge eating conditions, and 3) how individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relate to eating pathology and treatment measures. A total of 96 studies were included in our review, following PRISMA guidelines. The review suggests that individuals with binge eating behaviours 1) are more likely to expend greater effort for food rewards, but not monetary rewards, 2) demonstrate greater decision-making impairments under risk and uncertainty, 3) prefer sooner rather than delayed rewards for both food and money, and 4) demonstrate increased implicit 'wanting' for high fat sweet foods. Finally, individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relating to eating pathology and treatment measures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Brassard
- Department of Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada.
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22
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Lech M, Lech A, Niemczyk S, Lubas A. Influence of the Expression of Personality Traits on Growing Intensity of Interdialytic Disorders and Change of Pro-Health Behaviors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930151. [PMID: 34108439 PMCID: PMC8204679 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on personality trait expression and their relationship with more intense interdialytic disorders and changes in health behaviors of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Material/Methods A total of 200 participants were recruited for the research (84 women and 116 men; aged 61±12 years): 160 patients had CKD stage G4–G5 and 40 healthy participants constituted a control group. A diagnostic poll method was used in the research employing the following questionnaires to collect socio-demographic and clinical data: Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Researcher’s Questionnaire Test. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of personal traits at different stages of treatment. The influence of factors resulting from CKD on the expression of personality traits increased with subsequent stages of treatment. Depression intensity was not connected with the expression of personality traits. A higher frequency of reported interdialytic disorders was significantly related to a higher degree of openness and conscientiousness and a lower degree of agreeableness. Increased extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness were significantly correlated with more intense health behaviors. Conclusions Personalities of patients with CKD changed with subsequent stages of treatment and were influenced by socio-demographic and clinical factors. Personalities affected the frequency of reported interdialytic disorders and health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lech
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tytus Chałubiński Specialist Hospital in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Adrian Lech
- Psychiatric Department, Barbara Borzym Independent Regional Public Complex of Psychiatric Healthcare Centers, Radom, Poland
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Lubas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Ausmees L, Talts M, Allik J, Vainik U, Sikka TT, Nikopensius T, Esko T, Realo A. Taking risks to feel excitement: Detailed personality profile and genetic associations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211019242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study mapped the personality and genetics of risky excitement-seekers focusing on skydiving behavior. We compared 298 skydivers to 298 demographically matched controls across the NEO Personality Inventory-3 domains, facets, and 240 items. The most significant item-level effects were aggregated into a poly-item score of skydiving-associated personality markers (Study 1), where higher scores describe individuals who enjoy risky situations but have no self-control issues. The skydiving-associated personality marker score was associated with greater physical activity, higher rate of traumatic injuries, and better mental health in a sample of 3558 adults (Study 2). From genetic perspective, we associated skydiving behavior with 19 candidate variants that have previously been linked to excitement-seeking (Study 1). Polymorphisms in the SERT gene were the strongest predictors of skydiving, but the false discovery rate-adjusted (FDR-adjusted) p-values were non-significant. In Study 2, we predicted the skydiving-associated personality marker score and E5: Excitement-seeking from multiple risk-taking polygenic scores, using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies. While E5: Excitement-seeking was most strongly predicted by general risk tolerance and risky behaviors’ polygenic scores, the skydiving-associated personality marker score was most strongly associated with the adventurousness polygenic scores. Phenotypic and polygenic scores associations suggest that skydiving is a specific—perhaps more functional—form of excitement-seeking, which may nevertheless lead to physical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Ausmees
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Talts
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Estonia
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK
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24
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Sadeh N, Bredemeier K. Engaging in Risky and Impulsive Behaviors to Alleviate Distress Mediates Associations Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Externalizing Psychopathology. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:393-408. [PMID: 31682196 PMCID: PMC8314479 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition that intolerance of uncertainty is a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology, very little research has investigated its relevance for externalizing psychopathology and related risky/impulsive behavior. Ninety-five unselected adults (ages 19-55, 53% men) recruited from the community completed a measure of intolerance of uncertainty, externalizing traits and problems, and risky/impulsive behavior. Higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty were associated with greater endorsement of externalizing symptoms (e.g., aggression, alcohol/marijuana use, problematic impulsivity) and last-month risky and impulsive behaviors. Relations between intolerance of uncertainty and externalizing symptoms/risky behaviors were mediated by a motivation to engage in these behaviors to avoid distress, but not by the motivation to experience pleasurable emotions. Findings suggest that difficulty tolerating uncertainty may confer risk for the externalizing spectrum of psychopathology by increasing the likelihood that an individual will engage in risky behaviors to alleviate distressing or unpleasant emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sadeh
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 105 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Keith Bredemeier
- Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Lui PP, Chmielewski M, Trujillo M, Morris J, Pigott TD. Linking Big Five Personality Domains and Facets to Alcohol (Mis)Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:58-73. [PMID: 33893471 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this investigation was to synthesize (un)published studies linking Big Five personality domains and facets to a range of alcohol use outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted to quantify the unique associations between alcohol use outcomes and each Big Five personality domains over and above other domains. Within each domain, meta-analyses also were conducted to examine the unique contribution of each personality facet in predicting alcohol use outcomes. METHODS Systematic literature reviews were performed in PsycINFO and PubMed using keywords related to alcohol use and personality. Peer-reviewed and unpublished studies were screened and coded for the meta-analyses. A total of 80 independent samples were subjected to correlated effects meta-regressions. RESULTS Over and above other Big Five personality domains, both conscientiousness and agreeableness were negatively correlated with alcohol consumption, risky/hazardous drinking and negative drinking-related consequences. Facet-level analyses indicated that deliberation and dutifulness were uniquely associated with alcohol (mis)use over and above other conscientiousness facets, and compliance and straightforwardness were uniquely associated with alcohol (mis)use over and above other agreeableness facets. Extraversion-namely excitement seeking-was correlated with alcohol consumption, whereas neuroticism-namely impulsiveness and angry hostility-was correlated with negative drinking-related consequences. CONCLUSIONS Personality characteristics are robust correlates of alcohol (mis)use. Examining relevant narrowband traits can inform mechanisms by which personality affects drinking behaviors and related problems, and ways to enhance clinical interventions for alcohol use disorder. Gaps in this literature and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Priscilla Lui
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0442, USA
| | - Michael Chmielewski
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0442, USA
| | - Mayson Trujillo
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0442, USA
| | - Joseph Morris
- School of Public Health and College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Terri D Pigott
- School of Public Health and College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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26
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Krupić D, Žuro B, Krupić D. Big Five traits, approach-avoidance motivation, concerns and adherence with COVID-19 prevention guidelines during the peak of pandemic in Croatia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 179:110913. [PMID: 33850340 PMCID: PMC8031466 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Without the vaccine, the only way to prevent the spread of coronavirus is following Covid-19 preventive guidelines such as keeping social distance, wearing masks and gloves, reducing mobility, etc. Success depends on how many individuals strictly follow the suggestions from epidemiologists. In this study, we examined who and why is adhering to the guidelines. A community sample of 500 participants fulfilled a short Big Five Inventory (BFI), Questionnaire of Approach and Avoidance Motivation (QAAM), and two scales constructed according to the Covid-19 epidemiological guidelines in Croatia. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicate that agreeable and conscientious individuals are complying more with preventive measures. In addition, approach, not avoidance, motivation appears to be more important in following the guidelines. Results are discussed in terms of framing messages to explain goals that might be reached by compliant behaviour rather than emphasising the negative consequences of the pandemic. Emphasising negative consequences seems to produce negative emotional states with no beneficial changes on the behavioural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Krupić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Barbara Žuro
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, Croatia.,Peter McVerry Trust, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dajana Krupić
- Centre for Psychological Counselling and Research Norvel, Croatia
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27
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Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic alcohol use: The explanatory role of drinking motives. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106734. [PMID: 33385756 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of alcohol use motives above the effects of each other, using a multiple mediation model, for the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and problematic alcohol use among a young ethno-racially diverse sample of college students with current (past-month) alcohol use. Participants were 454 college students (81.72% female, Mage = 22.46, SD = 4.71). Results indicated that coping motives significantly explained the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and alcohol consumption (past year), risky drinking, and recent alcohol use (past month) as behavioral indices of problematic drinking after controlling for the variance accounted for by recent cannabis use, smoking, and anxiety and depressive symptoms (with small to medium effect sizes). These findings are discussed in terms of the development of specialized treatments to specifically target coping oriented alcohol use motives in the context of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among young adults with clinically significant OCD symptoms and comorbid problematic alcohol use.
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Birhanu A, Tiki T, Mekuria M, Yilma D, Melese G, Seifu B. COVID-19-Induced Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Urban Residents in West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2020. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:99-108. [PMID: 33603511 PMCID: PMC7881787 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s298781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic affects the public overall psychological status including anxiety. Assessing the perceived risk and preventive behaviors and COVID-19-induced anxiety of every individual is crucial to be more effective in handling the outbreak. PURPOSE This study intends to determine the status of perceived risk, preventive behavior, and induced anxiety regarding COVID-19 among urban residents in Ethiopia. METHODS In this research a population-based, cross-sectional design was employed among 801 urban residents in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia from June to October 2020. COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale (CIAS) was used, with CIAS score ≥80% taken as having anxiety. A Preventive Behavior towards COVID-19 Scale (PBCS) was used to measure the level of protective behavior. The data were gathered using CS Entry and analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. Basic descriptive analysis was conducted, and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors associated with anxiety. RESULTS Most of the study population, 716 (89.4%), had moderate risk perception, and around 497 (62.0%) of them had moderate preventive behavior against the pandemic. The proportion of COVID-19-induced anxiety disorder was found to be 18.1%. The identified predictors associated with COVID-induced anxiety were: being widowed (AOR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.7-7.6), lacking formal education (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3.3), having history of psychoactive substance use (AOR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.6-5.8), high protective behavior (AOR=2.2; 95% CI:1.5-3.3), low perceived risk (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5-12.4), and family history of mental illness (AOR=1.6; 95% CI:0.7-3.8). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION COVID-19-induced anxiety prevalence was 18.1%. Risk perception regarding COVID was moderate. However, only 38.0% of the population had high preventive behavior against the pandemic. Hence, it is important to provide the continuous public health education necessary to promote preventive measures and minimize risky behaviors. Basic psychosocial help should be also provided for individuals suffering with COVID-19-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Birhanu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Tiki
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Mekuria
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Delelegn Yilma
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Melese
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Benyam Seifu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
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29
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Contractor AA, Jin L, Weiss NH, O'Hara S. A psychometric investigation on the diagnostic utility of the posttrauma risky behaviors questionnaire. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113667. [PMID: 33360968 PMCID: PMC7855932 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Posttrauma Risky Behaviors Questionnaire (PRBQ) is a screening measure for posttrauma reckless and self-destructive behaviors (RSDBs). We examined (1) PRBQ's predictive relations with clinical (vs. not) endorsements of distinct RSDBs, and (2) PRBQ's optimal cutoff score yielding the most appropriate balance of sensitivity and specificity statistics. The sample included 354 adult trauma-exposed community participants (Mage=35.76 years; 57.90% female). Logistic regression analyses indicated that the PRBQ significantly differentiated individuals endorsing (vs. not) clinical levels of alcohol/drug misuse, disordered eating, problematic gambling, and compulsive buying. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses indicated that the 14-item PRBQ total score had moderate accuracy in differentiating individuals endorsing clinical vs. non-clinical levels of drug misuse, disordered eating, problematic gambling, compulsive buying, and engagement in RSDBs (PTSD's E2 Criterion); and low accuracy for alcohol misuse. ROC curve analyses indicated 3.5-6.5 as the optimal range of PRBQ cutoff scores. Thus, the PRBQ has good ability to discriminate participants endorsing (vs. not) clinical levels of alcohol/drug misuse, disordered eating, problematic gambling, and compulsive buying (lowest accuracy in identifying participants with clinical levels of alcohol misuse), and a minimum cutoff score between 3.5 and 6.5 may suggest using additional diagnostic assessments and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateka A Contractor
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 369 Terrill Hall, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Seanne O'Hara
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Estedlal AR, Mani A, Vardanjani HM, Kamali M, Zarei L, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. Temperament and character of patients with alcohol toxicity during COVID - 19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:49. [PMID: 33472610 PMCID: PMC7816132 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corona virus epidemic may be acts as a stressor or trauma that affects both physical health and mental health. People exhibited various reactive behaviors to confront with this stressful situation. In Iran, one of the common motives for alcohol consumption is to scape problems and cope with stresses. It has been shown that personality factors influence alcohol consumption, since they are associated with drinking motives. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between temperament and character and alcohol abuse. METHODS This cross-section study was conducted on 135 alcohol intoxicated patients admitted to emergency room in March 2020 and 255 participants who were randomly selected from public in Shiraz. A questionnaire consisted of TCI (Temperament and character inventory) and several questions about COVID-19 pandemic. It was completed by a trained interviewer using the matched answer technique. Demographic factors were self-reported. RESULTS Among the alcohol intoxicated group, 117 (86.7%) were males and 18(13.3%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 32.43 ± 10.81 years. Among control group, 99 (38.8%) were males and 156 (61.2%) were females. The mean age of control group was 33.12 ± 14.77 years. Alcohol toxicity was mostly observed among the young males (male/female ratio was 6.45). According to temperament and character index, mean scores of novelty seeking, harm avoidant, and self-transcendence were higher in the alcohol toxicity group than normal population (P < 0.01). Mean scores of reward dependent, cooperativeness, and self-directedness were higher in normal population than the alcohol toxicity group (P < 0.001). The mean score of persistence was not significantly different between methanol intoxicated and normal population groups (P = 0.718). CONCLUSION Alcohol intoxicated patients had higher scores of novelty-seeking and self-transcendence and lower scores of reward-dependency scores, cooperativeness and self-directedness. These scores are associated with higher likelihood of personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Estedlal
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Arash Mani
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Kamali
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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An Immersive Virtual Reality Game for Predicting Risk Taking through the Use of Implicit Measures. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk taking (RT) measurement constitutes a challenge for researchers and practitioners and has been addressed from different perspectives. Personality traits and temperamental aspects such as sensation seeking and impulsivity influence the individual’s approach to RT, prompting risk-seeking or risk-aversion behaviors. Virtual reality has emerged as a suitable tool for RT measurement, since it enables the exposure of a person to realistic risks, allowing embodied interactions, the application of stealth assessment techniques and physiological real-time measurement. In this article, we present the assessment on decision making in risk environments (AEMIN) tool, as an enhanced version of the spheres and shield maze task, a previous tool developed by the authors. The main aim of this article is to study whether it is possible is to discriminate participants with high versus low scores in the measures of personality, sensation seeking and impulsivity, through their behaviors and physiological responses during playing AEMIN. Applying machine learning methods to the dataset we explored: (a) if through these data it is possible to discriminate between the two populations in each variable; and (b) which parameters better discriminate between the two populations in each variable. The results support the use of AEMIN as an ecological assessment tool to measure RT, since it brings to light behaviors that allow to classify the subjects into high/low risk-related psychological constructs. Regarding physiological measures, galvanic skin response seems to be less salient in prediction models.
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Martin KP, Benca-Bachman CE, Palmer RHC. Risk for alcohol use/misuse among entering college students: The role of personality and stress. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 13:100330. [PMID: 33437859 PMCID: PMC7787922 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined unique and joint effects of stress and personality on alcohol misuse. Factor-level Neuroticism is not uniquely associated with more alcohol misuse. Higher Neuroticism—Depression facet scores are associated with more alcohol misuse. Neuroticism—Depression moderates the association between stress and alcohol misuse.
Introduction Excessive alcohol use amongst college students is associated with low grades, poor mental health, and risks to physical safety. Neuroticism, characterized by emotional instability and anxiety, and self-reported stress have both been shown to be strong predictors of alcohol use and misuse, however, previous studies have shown that measures of stress and Neuroticism are frequently confounded. This study tests the hypothesis that personality traits, and Neuroticism in particular, predict alcohol use/misuse in matriculating freshmen above and beyond reported levels of stress. Methods Data were collected as part of an IRB-approved longitudinal study, MAPme, examining behavioral health in college. Participants were 303 first-year college students (70% female) with an average age of 18.58 (SD = 0.39). Data were collected during the first eight weeks of the first semester at college. Results Overall, domain-level Neuroticism was not associated with alcohol use/misuse above and beyond perceived levels of stress and other Big Five domains (β = 0.14, p = 0.088). Notably, the depression facet of Neuroticism (Neuroticism—Depression), was positively associated with alcohol use/misuse when accounting for the shared effects of stress. Results demonstrated that the Neuroticism—Depression facet moderated the relationship between stress and alcohol use/misuse (β = 0.18, p = 0.020). Conclusions The Neuroticism—Depression facet is a better predictor of alcohol use/misuse than the Neuroticism domain, even when accounting for stress and other personality domains. At low levels of the Depression facet, stress was negatively associated with alcohol use/misuse, but at high levels of the Depression facet, stress was positively associated with alcohol use/misuse. Taken together, our results shed new light into the combined and independent effects of Neuroticism and stress on alcohol use/misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P Martin
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Psychology and interdisciplinary Sciences Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Psychology and interdisciplinary Sciences Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Psychology and interdisciplinary Sciences Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Hong JS, Lee JJ, Kim J, Iadipaolo AS, Espelage DL, Voisin DR. Posttraumatic Stress, Academic Performance, and Future Orientation as Pathways to Community Violence Exposure and Sexual Risk among African American Youth in Chicago's Southside. Behav Med 2021; 47:10-20. [PMID: 31039086 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1601610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress, low academic performance, and future orientation as pathways from community violence exposure to sexual risk-taking behavior were examined among 753 African American youth in a large urban school district, ranging from ages of 13 to 24 years. Youth completed a self-report instrument. Youth completed a self-report instrument of Exposure to Violence Probe, University of California at Los Angeles' PTSD Reaction Index Adolescent Version, and Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine relationships among the major study variables. Results indicated that community violence exposure was not directly associated with sexual risk behavior. However, community violence exposure had a significantly positive impact on posttraumatic stress, which was associated with low future orientation and sexual risk behavior. Findings suggest that targeted interventions need to consider variables that mediate the association between violence exposure and sexual risk behavior, which can reduce poor sexual health outcomes among urban youth who are exposed to violence in their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University.,Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Jane J Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jingu Kim
- Institute of Community Education, Konkuk University
| | | | | | - Dexter R Voisin
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago
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Manders WA, Scholte RHJ, Janssens JMAM, De Bruyn EEJ. Adolescent personality, problem behaviour and the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between adolescent personality and problem behaviour has been well established. However, relatively little attention has been given to the role of the social environment in the association between adolescent personality and problem behaviour. We tested the mediating and moderating role of the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship in the associations between adolescents' personality traits and problem behaviour. The sample consisted of 140 adolescents (11 to 18 years of age) and both their parents. Results supported a mediating role of the father/mother–adolescent relationship in the associations between Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness and externalizing problem behaviour. The father/mother–adolescent relationships did not mediate the associations between personality traits and internalizing problem behaviour. We also found support for a moderating role of the father/mother–adolescent relationships in the association between Emotional Stability and both externalizing and internalizing problem behaviours. Other moderated effects were specific for parent, personality trait and type of problem behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke A. Manders
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H. J. Scholte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Schmitt DP. The Big Five related to risky sexual behaviour across 10 world regions: differential personality associations of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16 362 participants from 52 nations responded to measures of the Big Five and ‘risky’ sexuality. It was expected that low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness would be universally associated with relationship infidelity. Sexual promiscuity, in contrast, was expected to positively relate to extraversion and neuroticism. Analyses across 10 world regions revealed relationship infidelity was universally associated with low agreeableness and low conscientiousness. Sexual promiscuity was somewhat related to these traits as well, but was more highly related to extraversion across many, but not all, world regions. Both forms of risky sexual behaviour were generally unrelated to neuroticism and openness across cultures. Discussion focuses on possible explanations of regional differences in personality–sexuality linkages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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36
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Goldstein E, Benton SF, Barrett B. Health Risk Behaviors and Resilience Among Low-Income, Black Primary Care Patients: Qualitative Findings From a Trauma-Informed Primary Care Intervention Study. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2020; 43:187-199. [PMID: 32324650 PMCID: PMC7988480 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study describes an intervention with low-income, Black primary care patients and their experience in changing a health risk behavior. Participant themes, including behavioral coping, personal values, accomplishments and strengths, barriers and strategies, and social support, are understood in relationship to health behavior theories. Two structured interviews were conducted 1 month apart. Content analysis was used to analyze responses from 40 participants. Participants were well equipped with resilience-based coping, self-efficacies, and informal social networks despite economic and social disadvantages. Findings from this study have the potential to improve behavioral health coping and reduce racial inequities in health prevalent for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Goldstein
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Godleski SA, Eiden RD, Shisler S, Livingston JA. Parent socialization of emotion in a high-risk sample. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:489-502. [PMID: 32077719 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Socialization of Emotion (Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad, 1998; Eisenberg, Spinrad, & Cumberland, 1998) model creates a theoretical framework for understanding parents' direct and indirect influences on children's emotional development, including the influence of parent characteristics on subsequent emotion specific parenting. Large numbers of children live in families with fathers who have alcohol problems, setting the stage for cascading risk across development. For instance, fathers' alcohol problems are a marker of risk for higher family conflict, increased parental depression and antisociality, and less sensitive parenting, leading to dysregulated child emotion and behavior. We examined a conceptual model for emotion socialization in a community sample of alcoholic and nonalcoholic father families (N = 227) recruited in infancy (i.e., 12 months) with follow-ups to adolescence (i.e., 15-19 years), and examined if hypothesized paths differed by child sex or group status (alcoholic vs. nonalcoholic families). Results indicated significant indirect effects between parent psychopathology and sensitivity in early childhood to both adaptive (e.g., emotion regulation) and maladaptive (e.g., aggression and peer delinquency) outcomes in middle childhood to adolescence via child negative emotionality and supportive emotion socialization. There were significant differences by child sex and alcohol group status. Implications for intervention and prevention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Godleski
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Shannon Shisler
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
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The role of peer victimization and emotion dysregulation in social anxiety and disordered eating comorbidity in young adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shrier LA, Burke PJ, Jonestrask C, Katz-Wise SL. Applying systems thinking and human-centered design to development of intervention implementation strategies: An example from adolescent health research. J Public Health Res 2020; 9:1746. [PMID: 33117757 PMCID: PMC7582103 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing innovative health interventions into clinic settings requires a comprehensive and creative approach to multiple implementation challenges. To optimize implementation of a sexual and reproductive health intervention for young women with depression, we applied systems thinking and human-centered design thinking methods to develop tools and strategies to address issues influencing intervention implementation in diverse clinics. We recruited staff from three clinics that provide sexual and reproductive health and behavioral health care to young women. Across five sessions (four video conference calls, one in-person workshop), we used systems mapping to identify key stakeholders and their relationships, processes, and challenges to care; formed clinic staff-investigator design teams; brainstormed about challenges that would influence intervention implementation and considered potential solutions; prioritized implementation challenges; and designed prototypes of solutions. Participants responded positively to the systems thinking perspective and collaborative design thinking process. Findings included generalizable considerations about solving implementation challenges for clinic-based interventions, such as forming a team of champions representing the diverse disciplines involved in and impacted by intervention implementation, and creating multiple tools and strategies for implementation that can be tailored to a given clinic’s culture. Significance for public health Implementing innovative health interventions in clinic systems requires consideration of multiple human, environmental, and process factors. To develop implementation tools and strategies for a sexual and reproductive health intervention for young women with depression, we applied systems thinking to consider clinic system elements and their connections, and human-centered design to tackle challenges with intervention implementation by centering on the clinic staff who would be experiencing these challenges. Using this approach, the investigators and clinic staff efficiently and effectively identified implementation challenges in diverse clinic settings and designed tools and strategies to overcome these challenges. This form of investigator-clinic staff collaboration, attention to system factors, and focus on creative solutions can inform research and care around implementing novel interventions in established clinical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Shrier
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Boston, MA
| | - Pamela J Burke
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Boston, MA.,Department of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sabra L Katz-Wise
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Boston, MA.,Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Sharma P, Ebbert JO, Rosedahl JK, Philpot LM. Changes in substance use among young adults during a respiratory disease pandemic. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120965321. [PMID: 33133603 PMCID: PMC7576913 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120965321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: News articles, commentaries, and opinion articles have suggested that ongoing social distancing measures coupled with economic challenges during COVID-19 may worsen stress, affective state, and substance use across the globe. We sought to advance our understanding of the differences between individuals who change their substance use patterns during a public health crisis and those who do not. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of young adults (18–25 years of age) assessing respondent characteristics and vaping, tobacco, alcohol, and/or marijuana use. We calculated prevalence estimates, prevalence changes, and prevalence ratios with associated 95% confidence intervals and looked for differences with the chi-square test. Results: Of the total sample, 53.2% (n = 542/1018) young adults reported vaping or using tobacco, alcohol, and/or marijuana. Among the 542 respondents reporting use, 34.3% reported a change in their use patterns. Among respondents reporting changes in substance use patterns during the pandemic (n = 186), 68.8% reported an increase in alcohol use, 44.0% reported a decrease in vaping product use, and 47.3% reported a decrease in tobacco product use due to COVID-19. Substance use changed significantly for respondents with increasing degree of loneliness (continuous loneliness score: prevalence ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.25), anxiety (prevalence ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–1.85), and depression (prevalence ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.13–1.82). Conclusion: Self-reported substance use among young adults was observed to change during a pandemic, and the degree of loneliness appears to impact these changes. Innovative strategies are needed to address loneliness, anxiety, depression, and substance use during global health crises that impact social contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Jon O Ebbert
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jordan K Rosedahl
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lindsey M Philpot
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Park CL, Williams MK, Hernandez PR, Agocha VB, Lee SY, Carney LM, Loomis D. Development of emotion regulation across the first two years of college. J Adolesc 2020; 84:230-242. [PMID: 33011579 PMCID: PMC7588228 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion regulation is thought to develop substantially from late adolescence into early adulthood; further, the rate of development purportedly varies based on personal and contextual characteristics. However, little research has explicitly documented this maturation in young adulthood or identified its determinants. We aimed to (1) characterize how adaptive (positive reappraisal, emotional social support-seeking) and maladaptive (suppression, substance use coping) emotion regulation strategies changed over time and (2) predict change in each strategy based on baseline personal, social, and motivational characteristics. METHODS We followed a sample of 1578 students entering university in the northeastern United States across their first two years, assessing them four times. RESULTS As expected, social support-seeking increased and suppression decreased. However, contrary to expectations, cognitive reappraisal declined over time while substance use coping increased. Women generally used more adaptive emotion regulation strategies than did men; social engagement and connection and eudaimonic well-being were generally predictive of using more adaptive coping over time. CONCLUSIONS Overall, students did not consistently demonstrate maturation to more adaptive emotion regulation and in fact exhibited decrements over the first two years of college. Students' baseline characteristics accounted for substantial degrees of change in emotion regulation. These findings suggest potentially fruitful directions for interventions to assist college students in developing more adaptive emotion regulation skills.
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What are the Factors affecting Tourist Behavior based on the Perception of Risk? Romanian and Serbian Tourists’ Perspective in the Aftermath of the recent Floods and Wildfires in Greece. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the summer season 2018 and 2019, natural hazards (namely, floods and wildfires) have occurred at some of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece, endangering tourists’ safety and vacation quality. These have influenced tourists’ perception of Greece as a “potentially risky destination”, causing a decrease in the number of tourists willing to visit this country. However, the current study assumes that some tourists will show more courageous travel behavior in the aftermath of natural hazards, while others will remain cautious when deciding to travel to risky destinations. Therefore, the questionnaire on a sample group of 431 respondents from Serbia and Romania was conducted to explore the factors influencing such differences. The study aims to explore whether tourists’ individual characteristics influence tourism worries and tourist behavior based on perceived risks. The study also intends to analyze the moderating role of tourists’ nationality, considering the relationship between personality and tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. The findings provide evidence that not only tourists’ personality but also sociodemographic characteristics influence tourism worries and tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. Additionally, the study is the first to explore and confirm the role of nationality in tourist behavior based on the perceived risk, as well as the moderation role of nationality in regression between tourist’s personality and behavior based on the perception of risk. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the paper.
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Turiano NA, Graham EK, Weston SJ, Booth T, Harrison F, James BD, Lewis NA, Makkar SR, Mueller S, Wisniewski KM, Zhaoyang R, Spiro A, Willis S, Schaie KW, Lipton RB, Katz M, Sliwinski M, Deary IJ, Zelinski EM, Bennett DA, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Trollor JN, Ames D, Wright MJ, Gerstorf D, Muniz-Terrera G, Piccinin AM, Hofer SM, Mroczek DK. Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Longevity? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis. COLLABRA. PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 6:33. [PMID: 33354648 PMCID: PMC7751763 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in the Big Five personality traits have emerged as predictors of health and longevity. Although there are robust protective effects for higher levels of conscientiousness, results are mixed for other personality traits. In particular, higher levels of neuroticism have significantly predicted an increased risk of mortality, no-risk at all, and even a reduced risk of dying. The current study hypothesizes that one potential reason for the discrepancy in these findings for neuroticism is that interactions among neuroticism and other key personality traits have largely been ignored. Thus, in the current study we focus on testing whether the personality traits neuroticism and conscientiousness interact to predict mortality. Specifically, we borrow from recent evidence of "healthy neuroticism" to explore whether higher levels of neuroticism are only a risk factor for increased mortality risk when conscientiousness levels are low. We conducted a pre-registered integrative data analysis using 12 different cohort studies (total N = 44,702). Although a consistent pattern emerged of higher levels of conscientiousness predicting a reduced hazard of dying, neuroticism did not show a consistent pattern of prediction. Moreover, no study provided statistical evidence of a neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction. The current findings do not support the idea that the combination of high conscientiousness and high neuroticism can be protective for longevity. Future work is needed to explore different protective factors that may buffer the negative effects of higher levels of neuroticism on health, as well as other behaviors and outcomes that may support the construct of healthy neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Turiano
- West Virginia University, Department of Psychology and the West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara J. Weston
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Tom Booth
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Fleur Harrison
- The University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bryan D. James
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan A. Lewis
- The University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Steven R. Makkar
- The University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Swantje Mueller
- Hamburg University, Berlin, Germany, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt University Berlin, Germany, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristi M. Wisniewski
- University of Southern California, Department of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruixue Zhaoyang
- Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherry Willis
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K. Warner Schaie
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Psychology, State College, PA, USA
| | | | - Mindy Katz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Martin Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Ian J. Deary
- University of New South Wales, Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- The University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- The University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- The University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Sydney NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age and National Ageing Research Institute, Kew & Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Denis Gerstorf
- Humboldt University Berlin, Germany, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrea M. Piccinin
- The University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Scott M. Hofer
- The University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
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Aschwanden D, Strickhouser JE, Sesker AA, Lee JH, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Psychological and Behavioural Responses to Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Role of Personality. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020; 35:PER2281. [PMID: 32836766 PMCID: PMC7361622 DOI: 10.1002/per.2281 10.1002/per.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between personality traits and psychological and behavioural responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Personality was assessed in January/February 2020 when the public was not aware of the spread of coronavirus in the USA. Participants were reassessed in late March 2020 with four sets of questions about the pandemic: concerns, precautions, preparatory behaviours, and duration estimates. The sample consisted of N = 2066 participants (mean age = 51.42; range = 18-98; 48.5% women). Regression models were used to analyse the data with age, gender, education, race, and ethnicity as covariates. Consistent with the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was related to more concerns and longer duration estimates related to COVID-19, higher extraversion was related to shorter duration estimates, and higher conscientiousness was associated with more precautions. In contrast to the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was associated with fewer precautions and unrelated to preparatory behaviours. Age moderated several trait-response associations, suggesting that some of the responses were associated more strongly in older adults, a group at risk for complications of COVID-19. For example, older adults high in conscientiousness prepared more. The present findings provide insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviours related to the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Jason E. Strickhouser
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Amanda A. Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | | | - Angelina R. Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
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Aschwanden D, Strickhouser JE, Sesker AA, Lee JH, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Psychological and Behavioural Responses to Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Role of Personality. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020; 35:PER2281. [PMID: 32836766 PMCID: PMC7361622 DOI: 10.1002/per.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between personality traits and psychological and behavioural responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Personality was assessed in January/February 2020 when the public was not aware of the spread of coronavirus in the USA. Participants were reassessed in late March 2020 with four sets of questions about the pandemic: concerns, precautions, preparatory behaviours, and duration estimates. The sample consisted of N = 2066 participants (mean age = 51.42; range = 18-98; 48.5% women). Regression models were used to analyse the data with age, gender, education, race, and ethnicity as covariates. Consistent with the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was related to more concerns and longer duration estimates related to COVID-19, higher extraversion was related to shorter duration estimates, and higher conscientiousness was associated with more precautions. In contrast to the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was associated with fewer precautions and unrelated to preparatory behaviours. Age moderated several trait-response associations, suggesting that some of the responses were associated more strongly in older adults, a group at risk for complications of COVID-19. For example, older adults high in conscientiousness prepared more. The present findings provide insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviours related to the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Jason E. Strickhouser
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Amanda A. Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
| | | | - Angelina R. Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityFLUSA
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Morrongiello BA, Weinberger E, Seasons M. Sustained Reductions in Children's Risk Taking from Peer-Communicated Behavioral Safety Norms. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:622-632. [PMID: 32403122 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examined whether the positive effects of a peer-communicated social norm that reduces risk-taking behaviors persist over time and if a reminder of this peer-communicated safety message has any impact on this outcome. METHODS Positive mood in 7- to 9-year olds was induced experimentally and risk taking intentions and behaviors were measured when the child was in a positive and neutral mood state and after they had been exposed to either a safety or neutral peer-communicated social norm message. A few weeks later, half of the participants who experienced the safety social norm message were exposed to a reminder of this message via a slogan and risk-taking measures were taken again when in a heightened positive mood state. RESULTS Exposure to a safety norm successfully counteracted the increase in risk taking associated with a positive mood state. These effects persisted for several weeks regardless of whether the children were exposed to a reminder. CONCLUSION Manipulating peer social norms holds promise as an approach to produce reductions in children's risk taking and these effects persist at least over several weeks.
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Drazdowski TK, Kelly LM, Kliewer WL. Motivations for the nonmedical use of prescription drugs in a longitudinal national sample of young adults. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 114:108013. [PMID: 32527515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People's motivations for nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) are not well studied, particularly in longitudinal representative samples. However, understanding which motivations are most popular and how these change over time for specific groups is important to inform interventions for NMUPD. METHODS The current study examined how young adults' motives for NMUPD changed over young adulthood, using a nationally representative sample of 12,223 young adults in 36 cohorts (1976-2012) as part of the Monitoring the Future study across three biennial waves (waves 1, 2, 3: modal ages 19/20, 21/22, and 23/24 years). We investigated these young adults' motivations for using stimulants, central nervous system depressants, and opioids when controlling for possible cohort effects. We included sex and college attendance as potential moderators. RESULTS Participants commonly reported recreational and self-treatment motivations over time and across drug classes, reporting four to five popular motivations in each drug class. Generalized estimating equations repeated measure analyses revealed relatively stable NMUPD motivations across young adulthood. Participants reported some reductions in experimentation and boredom as motivations for NMUPD and increases in certain self-treatment motivations, depending on prescription drug class. Overall, men were more likely to endorse recreational motivations, whereas women were more likely to endorse self-treatment motivations, though this varied somewhat by prescription drug class. Young adults not enrolled in college courses were more likely to endorse using stimulants nonmedically for different reasons than their peers who were enrolled. CONCLUSIONS NMUPD prevention and treatment efforts tailored to the young adult population should include methods to reduce both self-treatment and recreational use and need to consider prescription drug class, sex, and college attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourah M Kelly
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Wendy L Kliewer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, United States of America
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Young adults' sexual health in the digital age: Perspectives of care providers. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2020; 25:100534. [PMID: 32512536 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined care providers' views on young people's sexual health in the digital age. Young people have high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), indicating sexual risk-taking behaviours. Adolescents transitioning to adulthood may be particularly at risk due to increased sexual behaviour and exposure to risk factors for unsafe sex, such as less parental monitoring. These risks may be accentuated in the digital age, where the availability of dating apps and pornography have potentially influenced young people's sexual behaviours. Care providers give a unique insight into sexual health in the digital age as they are able to identify changes over time. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with general practitioners, nurses, counsellors and university residential college staff (N = 15, six female) who work with young people aged 17 and 18. Interviews took 20-40 min, and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded by the primary researcher and an independent coder using thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified four themes depicting predictors for sexual risk-taking among young people: media influence on norms (influence on sexual behaviours, relationships and appearance), transition to adulthood (independence, social opportunity), communication difficulties (gender and sexuality differences, greater fear of pregnancy than STIs), and impulsive behaviour (disinhibition, substance use). CONCLUSION Findings highlight targets for prevention of sexual risk-taking among adolescents, such as addressing changing norms depicted in media. Further, the complex interplay of contextual and individual factors highlights the need for more comprehensive theory and holistic approaches to STI prevention.
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Rudolph K, Littleton H, Schoemann A. Patterns of Sexual Risk Behaviors among College Women: A Latent Profile Analysis. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:403-418. [PMID: 32290792 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1748777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual risk behavior is common among college women, but little work has identified risk patterns or correlates. The current study utilized latent profile analysis to identify sexual risk patterns among 1,534 college women. Results supported four classes: low sexual risk (68.2%), moderate sexual risk: party hookups (11.0%), moderate sexual risk: risky partners (17.6%), and high sexual risk (3.1%). Membership in the moderate and high-risk classes were associated with coping motives, drinking, and risky peer norms, while membership in the low risk class was associated with sexual satisfaction and low peer approval of risky sex. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Heather Littleton
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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The Interplay Between Emotional Intelligence, Tramadol Dependence, and Comorbid Personality Disorder. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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