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Perunicic-Mladenovic I, Filipovic S. Proneness to Alcohol use Disorder or Pathological Gambling as Differentially Determined by Early Parental and Personality Factors. J Gambl Stud 2022; 38:1447-1467. [PMID: 35037139 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to growing alcoholism and gambling, numerous variables have been the subject of study to better understand the causes of such addictions. This study aims to investigate personality factors, parental styles in upbringing and early exposure to alcoholism integratively to shed light on how such variables generally shape vulnerability for addictive behaviours and alcohol use disorder (AUD) as well as pathological gambling (PG), separately. The sample consisted of 150 for the inpatient groups (78 AUD and 72 PG) and 102 participants for the control group. The inpatient group comprised "pure" AUD (excluding gambling and other significant addictive disorders) and "pure" PG (excluding AUD and other significant addictive disorders). A random forest-trees analysis established a model accurately classifying 79% of participants from the addictive group and found low conscientiousness, an authoritarian father, a less-flexible mother and neuroticism to be predisposed factors for both addictions. Additionally, through structural equation modeling, a satisfying-index model shows higher extroversion and lower openness may be attributed to PG, as well as the father's authoritarian parenting style. The mother's authoritarian or permissive styles may be linked to AUD and the father's alcoholism. The research concludes AUD and PG have similarities in personality as vulnerable factors for addictive behaviours as well as essential differences in personality and early experiences from boundaries set by mothers and fathers and alcoholism in childhood. The results are applicable in preventive programs as well as working with patients and their parents to create more individualized treatment in relation to addiction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perunicic-Mladenovic
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. .,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Martin KP, Benca-Bachman CE, Palmer RHC. Risk for alcohol use/misuse among entering college students: The role of personality and stress. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 13:100330. [PMID: 33437859 PMCID: PMC7787922 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined unique and joint effects of stress and personality on alcohol misuse. Factor-level Neuroticism is not uniquely associated with more alcohol misuse. Higher Neuroticism—Depression facet scores are associated with more alcohol misuse. Neuroticism—Depression moderates the association between stress and alcohol misuse.
Introduction Excessive alcohol use amongst college students is associated with low grades, poor mental health, and risks to physical safety. Neuroticism, characterized by emotional instability and anxiety, and self-reported stress have both been shown to be strong predictors of alcohol use and misuse, however, previous studies have shown that measures of stress and Neuroticism are frequently confounded. This study tests the hypothesis that personality traits, and Neuroticism in particular, predict alcohol use/misuse in matriculating freshmen above and beyond reported levels of stress. Methods Data were collected as part of an IRB-approved longitudinal study, MAPme, examining behavioral health in college. Participants were 303 first-year college students (70% female) with an average age of 18.58 (SD = 0.39). Data were collected during the first eight weeks of the first semester at college. Results Overall, domain-level Neuroticism was not associated with alcohol use/misuse above and beyond perceived levels of stress and other Big Five domains (β = 0.14, p = 0.088). Notably, the depression facet of Neuroticism (Neuroticism—Depression), was positively associated with alcohol use/misuse when accounting for the shared effects of stress. Results demonstrated that the Neuroticism—Depression facet moderated the relationship between stress and alcohol use/misuse (β = 0.18, p = 0.020). Conclusions The Neuroticism—Depression facet is a better predictor of alcohol use/misuse than the Neuroticism domain, even when accounting for stress and other personality domains. At low levels of the Depression facet, stress was negatively associated with alcohol use/misuse, but at high levels of the Depression facet, stress was positively associated with alcohol use/misuse. Taken together, our results shed new light into the combined and independent effects of Neuroticism and stress on alcohol use/misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P Martin
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Psychology and interdisciplinary Sciences Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Psychology and interdisciplinary Sciences Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Psychology and interdisciplinary Sciences Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Personality and Headaches: Findings From Six Prospective Studies. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:118-124. [PMID: 33395215 PMCID: PMC8858382 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the association between personality traits and concurrent and incident headaches. METHODS Participants (n = 34,989), aged 16 to 107 years were from the Midlife in the United States study, the Midlife in Japan study, the Health and Retirement Study, the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduate and Siblings samples, and the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences. Demographic factors, personality traits, and headaches were assessed at baseline. Headaches were assessed again 4 to almost 20 years later. RESULTS Across the samples, higher neuroticism was related to a higher likelihood of concurrent (combined odd ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-1.55, p < .001) and incident (combined odd ratio = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.12-1.46, p < .001) headaches, whereas higher extraversion was associated with a lower likelihood of concurrent (combined odd ratio = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.84-0.89, p < .001) and incident (combined odd ratio = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.96, p = .001) headaches. Higher conscientiousness (combined odd ratio = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86-0.94, p < .001) and openness (combined odd ratio = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90-0.99, p = .025) were associated with a lower probability of reporting concurrent headaches. Agreeableness was unrelated to headaches. Sex was not a consistent moderator. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides robust evidence that neuroticism and introversion are risk factors for headaches in concurrent and prospective analyses across multiple cohorts.
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Listabarth S, Vyssoki B, Waldhoer T, Gmeiner A, Vyssoki S, Wippel A, Blüml V, Gruber M, König D. Hazardous alcohol consumption among older adults: A comprehensive and multi-national analysis of predictive factors in 13,351 individuals. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 64:e4. [PMID: 33342458 PMCID: PMC8057428 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults exhibit heightened vulnerability for alcohol-related health impairments. Increases in the proportion of older adults within the European Union’s total population and prevalence rates of alcohol use disorders in this age group are being observed. This large scale international study was conducted to identify those older adults with an increased risk to engage in hazardous drinking behaviour. Methods Socio-demographic, socio-economic, personality characteristics (Big Five Inventory, BFI-10), and alcohol consumption patterns of 13,351 individuals from 12 different European countries, collected by the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe, were analyzed using regression models. Results Age, nationality, years of education, as well as personality traits, were significantly associated with alcohol intake. For males, extraversion predicted increased alcohol intake (RR = 1.11, CI = 1.07–1.16), whereas conscientiousness (RR = 0.93, CI = 0.89–0.97), and agreeableness (RR = 0.94, CI = 0.90–0.99), were associated with a reduction. For females, openness to new experiences (RR = 1.11, CI = 1.04–1.18) predicted increased alcohol intake. Concerning excessive drinking, personality traits, nationality, and age-predicted consumption patterns for both sexes: Extraversion was identified as a risk factor for excessive drinking (OR = 1.15; CI = 1.09–1.21), whereas conscientiousness was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.87; CI = 0.823–0.93). Conclusion Hazardous alcohol consumption in the elderly was associated with specific personality characteristics. Preventative measures, crucial in reducing deleterious health consequences, should focus on translating the knowledge of the association of certain personality traits and alcohol consumption into improved prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Listabarth
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Vyssoki
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Center for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Gmeiner
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Vyssoki
- Department of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Pölten, Austria
| | - Andreas Wippel
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Blüml
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Gruber
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel König
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Manders WA, Scholte RHJ, Janssens JMAM, De Bruyn EEJ. Adolescent personality, problem behaviour and the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between adolescent personality and problem behaviour has been well established. However, relatively little attention has been given to the role of the social environment in the association between adolescent personality and problem behaviour. We tested the mediating and moderating role of the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship in the associations between adolescents' personality traits and problem behaviour. The sample consisted of 140 adolescents (11 to 18 years of age) and both their parents. Results supported a mediating role of the father/mother–adolescent relationship in the associations between Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness and externalizing problem behaviour. The father/mother–adolescent relationships did not mediate the associations between personality traits and internalizing problem behaviour. We also found support for a moderating role of the father/mother–adolescent relationships in the association between Emotional Stability and both externalizing and internalizing problem behaviours. Other moderated effects were specific for parent, personality trait and type of problem behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke A. Manders
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H. J. Scholte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Williams L, Bruce G, Knapton C. Type D personality is associated with increased desire for alcohol in response to acute stress. Stress Health 2018; 34:411-415. [PMID: 29380928 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type D personality (the combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition) is associated with high levels of alcohol consumption. We examined if Type D was associated with higher levels of alcohol use, and if Type D was associated with desire for alcohol in response to a social stressor. In an experimental study, participants (n = 138) completed measures of Type D, stress, and alcohol use. They also took part in a stress-inducing public speaking task and provided measures of desire for alcohol at baseline, stressor, and recovery. Type D was associated with higher levels of alcohol use, stress, and desire for alcohol at stressor and recovery. Mixed measures analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a significant group effect of Type D (F(1, 136) = 6.86, p < .05) and a significant time × Type D interaction (F(1.50, 204.49) = 3.44, p < .05) on desire for alcohol. Type D individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of desire for alcohol during the stressor and recovery phases, compared to non-Type D individuals suggesting that Type D individuals may be motivated to consume alcohol in order to cope with stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Williams
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gillian Bruce
- School of Media Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Cindy Knapton
- School of Media Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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Luchetti M, Sutin AR, Delitala A, Stephan Y, Fiorillo E, Marongiu M, Masala M, Schlessinger D, Terracciano A. Personality traits and facets linked with self-reported alcohol consumption and biomarkers of liver health. Addict Behav 2018. [PMID: 29525559 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines whether the association between Five Factor Model personality traits and alcohol consumption extends beyond self-report to biomarkers of alcohol consumption. METHODS Community-dwelling adults from Sardinia (N = 5380), Italy, completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory and reported on alcohol consumption, while traditional biomarkers of heavy drinking, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were assayed from blood samples. RESULTS Associations between self-report measures were modest but consistent with previous findings on the link between personality and alcohol use. For instance, higher scores on the order and self-discipline facets of conscientiousness were associated with reduced risk of heavy alcohol consumption. Personality was also associated with GGT, though effects were small. Personality was unrelated to other biomarkers of liver health. CONCLUSIONS This study adds multi-method evidence in support of a link between personality and health behaviors.
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Fugitt JL, Ham LS, Bridges AJ. Undifferentiated Gender Role Orientation, Drinking Motives, and Increased Alcohol Use in Men and Women. Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:760-772. [PMID: 28379108 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1264963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse has historically affected men more than women. However, the differences in drinking behaviors across sex have steadily decreased over time and accumulating research suggests that gender role orientation, or culturally scripted gender-specific characteristics, and negative reinforcement drinking motives may better explain risk for alcohol use and related problems than sex. OBJECTIVES The current study tested a mediational model of the undifferentiated orientation (low masculinity and low femininity), an oft neglected orientation despite evidence that it could carry much weight in drinking behaviors, versus the other three gender role orientations, coping and conformity drinking motives, and hazardous alcohol use. METHOD Participants were 426 current drinkers over age 21 (41% men; 77.8% Caucasian; Mage = 34.5, range = 21-73) residing across the United States who completed an online survey. RESULTS Structural equation modeling analyses suggested that individuals with an undifferentiated orientation (n = 99), compared to masculine (high masculinity, low femininity; n = 102), feminine (high femininity, low masculinity; n = 113), or androgynous (high masculinity, high femininity; n = 112) orientations, reported higher coping drinking motives, which were positively associated with levels of hazardous alcohol use. Although analyses suggested that undifferentiated individuals reported drinking for conformity motives more often than masculine and androgynous individuals, conformity motives were not associated with increased use. Conclusions/Importance: An undifferentiated gender role orientation may contribute a unique risk for alcohol use and related problems by increasing frequency of drinking to cope, a motive specifically associated with hazardous use trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fugitt
- a Department of Psychological Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas , USA
| | - Lindsay S Ham
- a Department of Psychological Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas , USA
| | - Ana J Bridges
- a Department of Psychological Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas , USA
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Rezaei M, Zakiei A, Reshadat S, Ghasemi SR. The role of individual and personality factors in controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS: Proposing a causal model. Personal Ment Health 2017; 11:51-63. [PMID: 27910258 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating previous studies show that personality traits have an important role in controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between AIDS health literacy, personality traits and mental health and controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS through self-efficacy. METHODS The statistical population includes all the young people in western provinces of Iran, 2015. Data analysis was carried out for a sample of 756 participants (59% female). RESULTS The results show that except for the socializing trait, all the other variables are related to controlling risky behaviours. In addition, variables of health literacy related to AIDS, mental health, activity, impulsive sensation seeking and hostility have a direct relation to controlling risky behaviours. Also, the predicting behaviours can predict 62% of the variance in controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS. The analysis results show that health literacy has an indirect impact on controlling risky behaviours through self-efficacy. In other words, health literacy related to AIDS leads to controlling risky behaviours when self-efficacy is high for controlling risky behaviours. CONCLUSION Based on the results, it is recommended that the role of self-efficacy in controlling risky behaviours be considered as a strategy for preventing AIDS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Rezaei
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Zakiei
- Centre of Excellence for Community Oriented for Medicine Education, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheyla Reshadat
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Centre of Excellence for Community Oriented for Medicine Education, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Ramin Ghasemi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Camart N, Cotte M, Leignel S, Bouvet C, Limosin F. [Dimensions of personality, attachment style and early maladaptive schemas in alcohol-dependent patients: Are there gender-specific differences?]. Encephale 2016; 42:523-528. [PMID: 27349581 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Literature reports particularities in certain psychological dimensions, such as personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles among patients dependent on alcohol. Several international studies have also emphasized significant gender differences in psychological profiles. However, in France, only a few studies have dealt with this subject. Our aim was on the one hand to study the characteristics of alcohol-dependent patients in these variables, and on the other hand to search for gender differences. METHOD The personality dimensions were assessed with the French Big Five Inventory (Fr-BFI), the attachment style with Bartholomew's Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ), and early maladaptive schemas with the short version of Young's questionnaire (YSQ-S1). Seventy-three subjects were included: 39 alcohol-dependent patients (19 men and 20 women) and 34 healthy control subjects (17 men and 17 women). The scores of alcohol-dependent patients were compared with those of a healthy control group (n=34, 17 men, 17 women) and available standards. We also compared the scores of men and women with alcohol dependence between them, and we compared the scores of men and women to those of the control group and those of the reference sample of the same sex. RESULTS This is an ongoing study and we publish here the first results. Compared with control subjects, and the reference sample, alcohol-dependent patients showed significantly higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of extraversion. Furthermore, differences in attachment styles were observed compared to the control group: alcohol-dependent patients presented a less secure attachment, seemed more fearful and detached, but the results remained within the normal standards. Compared to the control subjects, alcohol-dependent patients showed a significant increase in scores regarding many schemas: emotional deprivation, abandonment, abuse/mistrust, isolation, imperfection, dependence, symbiotic relationship, subjugation, and emotional inhibition. Men and women with alcohol dependence did not show a significant difference between them concerning the dimensions of personality, the schemas, and attachment styles. In addition, the comparison of each sub-group (male/female) with the control group of the same sex and standards available showed specific features: for dimensions of personality, alcohol-dependent men presented a high level of neuroticism and a low level of extraversion, while the women showed no specific features. Concerning attachment, both men and women differed from the control group. Their attachment was more fearful and men showed a less secure and more detached attachment. As for patterns, three are higher among men and women with alcohol dependence compared to controls of the same sex: emotional deprivation, abuse/mistrust, and imperfection. In addition, these schemas seem to be more specific according to gender: alcoholic women differed from controls of the same sex at the subjugation schema, which was not the case for men, while only men differed from men of the control group by higher scores in insufficient self-control, dependency and symbiotic relationship. DISCUSSION This study shows not only particularities in patients with alcohol dependence concerning personality dimensions, styles of attachment and early maladaptive schemas, but also gender differences when comparing each subgroup (men and women) with controls of the same sex. Even if these results need to be confirmed by using a larger sample, the particularities deserve consideration, especially gender differences in view of appropriate psychotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Camart
- EA 4430 (CLIPSYD), laboratoire de psychologie clinique EvaCliPsy, université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, 200, avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre cedex, France.
| | - M Cotte
- EA 4430 (CLIPSYD), laboratoire de psychologie clinique EvaCliPsy, université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, 200, avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre cedex, France; Service universitaire de psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, hôpital Corentin-Celton, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest (AP-HP), 4, parvis Corentin-Celton, 92133 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - S Leignel
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, hôpital Corentin-Celton, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest (AP-HP), 4, parvis Corentin-Celton, 92133 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - C Bouvet
- EA 4430 (CLIPSYD), laboratoire de psychologie clinique EvaCliPsy, université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, 200, avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre cedex, France
| | - F Limosin
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, hôpital Corentin-Celton, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest (AP-HP), 4, parvis Corentin-Celton, 92133 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Faculté de médecine, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Institut national de la santé (Inserm) U894, centre psychiatrie et neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France
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Pereira-Lima K, Loureiro SR, Crippa JA. Mental health in medical residents: relationship with personal, work-related, and sociodemographic variables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 38:318-324. [PMID: 27192216 PMCID: PMC7111348 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine association of sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, social skills, and work variables with anxiety, depression, and alcohol dependence in medical residents. Methods: A total of 270 medical residents completed the following self-report instruments: sociodemographic and work questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-3 (AUDIT-3), Revised NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R), and Social Skills Inventory (SSI-Del-Prette). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Multivariate analysis showed an association of neuroticism (odds ratio [OR] 2.60, p < 0.001), social skills (OR 0.41, p < 0.01), and number of shifts (OR 1.91, p = 0.03) with anxiety or depression, and of male sex (OR 3.14, p = 0.01), surgical residency (OR 4.40, p = 0.001), extraversion (OR 1.80, p < 0.01), and number of shifts (OR 2.32, p = 0.04) with alcohol dependence. Conclusion: The findings support a multidetermined nature of mental health problems in medical residents, in addition to providing data that may assist in the design of preventive measures to protect the mental health of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pereira-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Mental, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia R Loureiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Mental, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Mental, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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McCabe KO, Modecki KL, Barber BL. Participation in Organized Activities Protects Against Adolescents' Risky Substance Use, Even Beyond Development in Conscientiousness. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:2292-2306. [PMID: 26979446 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are at a significant risk for binge drinking and illicit drug use. One way to protect against these behaviors is through participation in extracurricular activities. However, there is a debate about whether highly conscientious adolescents are more likely to participate in activities, which raises the concern of a confound. To disentangle these relationships, we tested the latent trajectories of substance use and personality across 3 years, with participation in activities and sports as time-varying predictors. We surveyed 687 adolescents (55 % female, 85.4 % Caucasian) in Western Australia schools across 3 years. At Time 1, the students were in Year 10 1 (mean age 15 years). The results showed that participation in activities and conscientiousness are related, but each uniquely predicts slower growth in substance use. Across waves, participation in activities predicted less risky substance use a year later, over and above conscientiousness development. These results suggest that there may be unique benefits of participation in activities that protect against risky substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira O McCabe
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Kathryn L Modecki
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Bonnie L Barber
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
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Zhang J, Bray BC, Zhang M, Lanza ST. Personality Profiles and Frequent Heavy Drinking in Young Adulthood. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015; 80:18-21. [PMID: 25892836 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Few studies examining the link between personality and alcohol use have adopted a comprehensive modeling framework to take into account individuals' profiles across multiple personality traits. In this study, latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to a national sample of young adults in the United States to identify subgroups defined by their profiles of mean scores on the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness personality factors. Personality profiles were then used to predict heavy drinking. Five profiles were identified: Reserved, Rigid, Confident, Ordinary, and Resilient. Compared to individuals in the Ordinary profile, those with Reserved and Resilient profiles were at increased risk of frequent heavy drinking. These findings suggest which comprehensive personality profiles may place individuals at risk for problematic alcohol-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Zhang
- Shenzhen University, China ; Center for Studies of Psychological Application & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China ; The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, US
| | - Bethany C Bray
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, US
| | - Minqiang Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China
| | - Stephanie T Lanza
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, US ; College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, US
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Hojjat SK, Golmakani E, Bayazi MH, Mortazavi R, Norozi Khalili M, Akaberi A. Personality Traits and Identity Styles in Methamphetamine-Dependent Women: A Comparative Study. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8:14-20. [PMID: 26234975 PMCID: PMC4803944 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies over the past two decades have shown that various personality traits of substance-dependent men measure differently than compared to normal individuals. However fewer studies have addressed the role of identity as an influential factor in the onset and continuation of drug dependency. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the Big Five personality factors and identity styles in methamphetamine dependent women and non-user group. Forty eight methamphetamine dependent women under treatment in Welfare Organization’s residential centers filled out the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory. They were compared with 48 non-dependent women who were matched in terms of age, education, marital status, and occupation. Data was analyzed with t student test. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS V.16 software. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Results: Results found that methamphetamine dependent woman had significantly higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience compared to normative sample of female respondents. In addition, mean scores of diffuse/avoidant identity style in methamphetamine user women was significantly higher than non-user group. This is while non-user women had a significantly higher mean in normative identity style. Conclusion: Identity styles along with personality traits can be a key role in drug use in women in this study. Therefore, enhancing understanding about the role of identity can be helpful in treatment programs especially in harm reduction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebrahim Golmakani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran and North Khorasan University of medical sciences, Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Dvorak RD, Kuvaas NJ, Lamis DA, Pearson MR, Stevenson BL. Emotionally Up and Down, Behaviorally To and Fro: Drinking Motives Mediate the Synergistic Effects of Urgency and Emotional Instability on Alcohol Outcomes. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2015; 45:156-84. [PMID: 27075609 PMCID: PMC5238711 DOI: 10.1177/0047237916639030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Emotional and behavioral regulation has been linked to coping and enhancement motives and associated with different patterns of alcohol use and problems. The current studies examined emotional instability, urgency, and internal drinking motives as predictors of alcohol dependence symptoms as well as the likelihood and severity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th editionAlcohol Use Disorder (AUD). In Study 1, college drinkers (n = 621) completed alcohol involvement and behavioral/emotional functioning assessments. There was an indirect association between emotional instability and dependence symptoms via both coping and enhancement drinking motives which was potentiated by trait urgency. In Study 2, college drinkers (n = 510) completed alcohol involvement, behavioral/emotional functioning, and AUD criteria assessments. A significant indirect effect from emotional instability to the likelihood of meeting AUD criteria, via drinking to cope was found, again potentiated by urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Schuller B, Steidl S, Batliner A, Schiel F, Krajewski J, Weninger F, Eyben F. Medium-term speaker states—A review on intoxication, sleepiness and the first challenge. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Malmberg M, Kleinjan M, Overbeek G, Vermulst AA, Lammers J, Engels RC. Are there reciprocal relationships between substance use risk personality profiles and alcohol or tobacco use in early adolescence? Addict Behav 2013; 38:2851-9. [PMID: 24018230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We examined whether reciprocal relationships were present between the SURPS personality profiles and substance use in early adolescence. METHODS Longitudinal data of four-waves of a broader effectiveness study were used from 1068 early adolescents. RESULTS Our cross-lagged models indicated that sensation seeking and impulsivity show strongest reciprocal associations with substance use during early adolescence. In contrast, no reciprocity was present between substance use and anxiety sensitivity and only one reciprocal relationship was present between substance use and hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS In trying to prevent early adolescents from alcohol and tobacco use, it might be of key importance to acknowledge the mutual influence between certain personality profiles and substance use. Specifically, sensation seeking and impulsivity are relevant during early adolescence and awareness of early adolescents' vulnerability for these personality predispositions is warranted.
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Sutin AR, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Personality traits and illicit substances: the moderating role of poverty. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 131:247-51. [PMID: 23265091 PMCID: PMC3610771 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illicit substances increase risk of morbidity and mortality and have significant consequences for society. Personality traits are associated with drug use; we test whether these associations vary by socioeconomic status. METHOD Participants (N=412) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and self-reported use of opiates and cocaine. 50% of participants were living below 125% of the federal poverty line. Mean-level personality differences across never, former, and current opiate/cocaine users were compared. Logistic regressions compared never versus current users and interactions between personality traits and poverty status tested whether these associations varied by socioeconomic status. RESULTS High Neuroticism and low Agreeableness increased risk of drug use. The association between low Conscientiousness and drug use was moderated by poverty, such that low Conscientiousness was a stronger risk factor for illicit substance use among those with relatively higher SES. For every standard deviation decrease in Conscientiousness, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in risk of illicit substance use (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.45-3.17). Conscientiousness was unrelated to drug use among participants living below 125% of the federal poverty line. CONCLUSIONS Under favorable economic conditions, the tendency to be organized, disciplined, and deliberate is protective against drug use. These tendencies, however, matter less when financial resources are scarce. In contrast, those prone to emotional distress and antagonism are at greater risk for current drug use, regardless of their economic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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Kuendig H, Kuntsche E. Beyond personality-experimental investigations of the effects of personality traits on in situ alcohol consumption in social and solitary drinking contexts. Addict Behav 2013; 38:1635-8. [PMID: 23254210 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have highlighted that personality traits are associated with alcohol problems and disorders; however, little is known on the link between personality and the quantities of alcohol actually ingested during given drinking episodes (i.e. in situ alcohol consumption, in grams of pure alcohol). Based on data of 123 young adults who participated in two wine-tasting assignments (one performed in group, the other individually; sequence of participation assigned at random), the results from regression models suggest that individual characteristics and personality traits are, to some extent, associated with in situ alcohol consumption, but contextual factors (e.g., in line with behavioral exposition and perceptions of norms) might overwhelm such associations in a social context, or later on in similar drinking contexts. These findings argue for the development of early preventive initiatives focusing on social influences and on specific drinking context.
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Allen KJD, Gabbay FH. The amphetamine response moderates the relationship between negative emotionality and alcohol use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:348-60. [PMID: 23240777 PMCID: PMC3563713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable evidence suggests that sensitivity to the stimulant effects of alcohol and other drugs is a risk marker for heavy or problematic use of those substances. A separate body of research implicates negative emotionality. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of the stimulant response, assessed with an amphetamine challenge, and negative emotionality on alcohol and drug use. METHODS Healthy young women and men completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) and an inventory assessing alcohol and other drug use. Subsequently, the effects of 10-mg d-amphetamine were determined in the laboratory using the Stimulant scale of the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale. Hierarchical regression analyses evaluated the effects of amphetamine response and the MPQ factor Negative Emotionality on measures of substance use. RESULTS The amphetamine response moderated relationships between negative emotionality and alcohol use: in combination with a robust amphetamine response (i.e., enhanced stimulant effects as compared with baseline), negative emotionality predicted greater alcohol consumption, more episodes of binge drinking, and more frequent intoxication in regression models. A strong stimulant response independently predicted having used an illicit drug, and there was a trend for it to predict having used alcohol. Negative emotionality alone was not associated with any measure of alcohol or drug use. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the idea that emotion-based behavioral dysregulation promotes reward seeking, a high level of negative emotionality was associated with maladaptive alcohol use when it co-occurred with sensitivity to drug-based reward. The findings contribute to our understanding of how differences in personality may interact with those in drug response to affect alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. D. Allen
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Frances H. Gabbay
- Clinical Psychophysiology and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Németh Z, Urbán R, Farkas J, Kuntsche E, Demetrovics Z. Hungarian adaptation of the long and the short form of the drinking motives questionnaire (DMQ-R). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/mpszle.67.2012.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Háttér: Az alkoholmotiváció kutatása mindeddig kevés figyelmet kapott Magyarországon. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy ismertesse az Alkoholfogyasztás Motivációi Módosított Kérdőív hosszú (DMQ-R-HU) és rövid (DMQ-R-SF-HU) változatának hazai alkalmazásáról szóló tapasztalatokat.
Módszer és minta: Egyéb, az alkoholfogyasztáshoz kapcsolódó kérdésekkel kiegészítve egy középiskolás (N=922, átlagéletkor=16,6, szórás=1,44), valamint egy egyetemista (N=346, átlagéletkor=21,6, szórás=2,61) mintán alkalmaztuk a DMQ-R-HU kérdőívet. Mivel a konfirmációs faktorelemzés eredménye nem volt kielégítő, így a DMQ-R-SF-HU illeszkedését is megvizsgáltuk. Ezt követően a DMQ-R-SF-HU alkalmazhatóságát egy harmadik, speciális populációs, fiatal felnőtt mintán (N=390 fő, átlagéletkor=23,6, szórás=4,4) is ellenőriztük. Ezen vizsgálat további célja az volt, hogy a korábbi nemzetközi vizsgálatoktól eltérően egy idősebb, rekreációs mintán is vizsgáljuk a kérdőív alkalmazhatóságát. A vizsgálatok során a motivációk és az alkoholhasználati indikátorok közötti kapcsolatot a többváltozós strukturális egyenlet modelljeinek segítségével elemeztük.
Eredmények: Az alkoholmotivációk átlagértékeinek rangsora mindhárom minta esetében ugyanúgy alakult (szociális > fokozásos > megküzdéses > konformitás). A motivációk és az alkoholhasználati indikátorok közötti kapcsolatokat vizsgálva az egyetemisták esetében a fokozásos motivációk jelezték előre az alkoholfogyasztás és a részegség gyakoriságát, a középiskolások esetében a szociális és konformitás motivációk jelezték előre az alkoholfogyasztás gyakoriságát, a konformitás és fokozásos motivációk pedig a részegség gyakoriságát. A fiatal felnőtt rekreációs populációban is a szociális motivációk jelezték előre az alkoholfogyasztás gyakoriságát, míg a részegség gyakoriságát mind a négy motiváció megbízhatóan előrejelezte. Az alkoholhasználattal összefüggő problémáknak a megküzdéses motiváció volt minden esetben a szignifikáns magyarázója a fiatal felnőttek között. Ezen kívül a szociális motiváció az iskolai, illetve munkahelyi problémákat, a konformitás motiváció pedig a verekedést jelezte előre.
Következtetések: A DMQ-R-SF-HU kiváló statisztikai tulajdonságai és illeszkedési mutatói miatt széles körben, különböző sajátosságokkal bíró mintákon jól alkalmazható kérdőív. Az alkoholmotivációk fontos előrejelzői az alkoholfogyasztás különböző indikátorainak. Az eltérő korosztályokban eltérő motivációk játszanak kitüntetett szerepet, amelyek figyelembe vétele a prevenció során meghatározó jelentőséggel bírhat.
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Stojek M, Fischer S. Impulsivity and Motivations to Consume Alcohol: A Prospective Study on Risk of Dependence in Young Adult Women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 37:292-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stojek
- Department of Psychology ; University of Georgia; Athens; Georgia
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Department of Psychology ; University of Georgia; Athens; Georgia
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Song S, Graham JE, Susman EJ, Sohn YW. The Role of Ineffective Emotion Regulation in Problem Drinking Varies by Emotional Disposition, Delinquency, and Gender of South Korean Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.710029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Song
- a The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA
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Natividade JC, Aguirre AR, Bizarro L, Hutz CS. [Personality factors as predictors of alcohol consumption by university students]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2012; 28:1091-100. [PMID: 22666813 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify differences in personality factors between abstainers and drinkers and between individuals with higher versus lower levels of alcohol consumption in the previous three months, and to test the predictive power of factors for any lifetime alcohol consumption and for at least monthly alcohol consumption. A total of 169 university students participated, of whom 66.7% were women, with a mean age of 21.2 years. Lifetime alcohol consumption was 90.1%; 42.3% had consumed at least twice in the previous three months; and 57.7% consumed alcohol at least monthly. Participants with less frequent consumption in the previous three months showed higher mean scores for personality factors involving socialization and achievement, while those that consumed more frequently scored higher on extroversion. A predictive model showed that increments in extroversion contributed to increased odds of drinking alcohol, while increments in achievement decreased the odds of drinking. Personality characteristics were able to distinguish between different groups of drinkers and predict the frequency of alcohol consumption.
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Do substance use risk personality dimensions predict the onset of substance use in early adolescence? A variable- and person-centered approach. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 41:1512-25. [PMID: 22623315 PMCID: PMC3473183 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Various studies found personality to be related to substance use, but little attention is paid to the role of personality risk dimensions with regard to an early onset of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Therefore, the current study used a variable-centered approach to examine whether anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, sensation seeking, and impulsivity predict the onset of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use in early adolescence. Additionally, we adopted a person-centered approach to examine whether different personality subgroups could be identified, and whether these subgroups would be predictive of substance use. For that purpose, longitudinal data of a broader effectiveness study were used from 758 early adolescents (53 % female) aged 11-14 years. Structural equation models showed that hopelessness and sensation seeking were predictive of having ever used alcohol and tobacco. Also, sensation seeking was predictive of marijuana use. Latent profile analyses on the first wave data revealed a three-profile solution for boys (i.e., resilients, internalizers, and externalizers) and a two-profile solution for girls (i.e., resilients and internalizers). In contrast to our expectation, further analyses revealed no significant differences in substance use between the different subprofiles for both boys and girls. The separate personality dimensions thus seem more relevant in predicting the onset of substance use compared to the personality profiles. However, the personality profiles might be informative in explaining more excessive substance use behaviors.
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Perzynski AT, McCormick R, Webster NJ, Blixen CE, Kanuch S, Thomas CL, Mullen KD, Dawson NV. Psychosocial correlates of alcohol use and reduction for individuals with hepatitis C. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 72:787-98. [PMID: 21906506 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are advised to refrain from alcohol consumption. A questionnaire was developed to measure concepts associated with alcohol use for individuals with HCV. METHOD Subjects with HCV (N = 527) completed a telephone survey. Eligible respondents had screened negative for current abuse/dependence disorders (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] ≤ 10). Measures of personality, self-efficacy, knowledge, readiness, coping styles, stigma, and symptoms were examined for associations with alcohol use. RESULTS Factor analysis supported a measurement structure of 105 items in 35 subdomains. A total of 26 subdomains had significant bivariate associations with alcohol use. Higher self-efficacy for resisting drinking in social situations was associated with lower alcohol use (r = -.68, p < .001), as was knowledge of alcohol and HCV (r = -.27, p < .001). Although agreeableness and marital status are typically associated with lower current drinking in samples of those with alcohol use problems, in our study agreeableness (β = .13, p < .01) and marital status (β = .08, p < .05) were modestly associated with higher current drinking. The final multivariate R² was .55. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of associations suggests the importance of the social aspects of drinking for drinking decisions. Existing brief interventions will need to be tailored to a contextualized psychosocial model for medical patients with HCV and AUDIT scores ≤ 10 to optimize effectiveness. Such future interventions should emphasize the potential medical hazards of drinking for persons with HCV, the maintenance of social relationships in the absence of alcohol use, and strategies for building confidence for resisting drinking in specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Perzynski
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University and MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109-1998, USA.
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Cservenka A, Nagel BJ. Risky decision-making: an FMRI study of youth at high risk for alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:604-15. [PMID: 22250647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with a family history of alcoholism (FHP) are at risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD), and some studies indicate that FHP individuals show deficits in executive functioning. The ability to make adaptive decisions is one aspect of successful executive functioning that is often measured during risk-taking tasks; however, this behavior has not been examined in FHP youth. As impaired decision-making could predispose FHP youth to make poor choices related to alcohol use, the current study examined the neural substrates of risk-taking in FHP adolescents and their family history negative (FHN) peers. METHODS Thirty-one (18 FHP, 13 FHN) youth between 13 and 15 years old were included in this study. All youth had used little to no alcohol prior to study involvement. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the neural substrates of risk-taking during the Wheel of Fortune (WOF) decision-making task (Ernst et al., 2004) in FHP and FHN youth. RESULTS FHP youth did not differ from FHN youth in risk-taking behavior, but showed less brain response during risky decision-making in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right cerebellar regions compared with FHN peers. CONCLUSIONS Despite no behavioral differences on the WOF decision-making task, FHP youth exhibited atypical neural response during risk-taking compared with FHN peers. Atypical brain activity, in regions implicated in executive functioning could lead to reduced cognitive control, which may result in risky choices regarding alcohol use. This could help explain the higher rates of AUDs seen in FHP adolescents. Further examination of risky behavior and associated brain response over the course of adolescence is necessary to characterize the vulnerabilities of FHP youth in the absence of alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cservenka
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
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Littlefield AK, Agrawal A, Ellingson JM, Kristjansson S, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Slutske WS, Heath AC, Sher KJ. Does variance in drinking motives explain the genetic overlap between personality and alcohol use disorder symptoms? A twin study of young women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:2242-50. [PMID: 21790670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk for alcohol dependence has been shown to overlap with genetic factors contributing to variation in dimensions of personality. Although drinking motives have been posited as important mediators of the alcohol-personality relation, the extent to which the genetic covariance between alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms (i.e., abuse and dependence criteria) and personality is explained by genetic factors contributing to variation in drinking motives remains unclear. METHODS Using data from 2,904 young adult female twins, the phenotypic and genetic associations between personality dimensions (constraint [measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire; Tellegen A, 1982 unpublished data], conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness [measured by the NEO-PI; Costa and McCrae, 1985]), internal drinking motives (enhancement and coping motives [measured by the Drinking Motive Questionnaire; Cooper, 1994]), and AUD symptoms were tested. RESULTS Significant genetic associations were found between all personality measures and AUD symptoms. Coping motives showed significant genetic overlap with AUD symptoms and most personality measures, whereas enhancement motives were not significantly heritable. Adjusting for coping motives, genetic correlations between AUD symptoms and traits of neuroticism and agreeableness were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that genetic variation in drinking to cope might account for a considerable proportion of the genetic covariance between specific personality dimensions and AUD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211-0001, USA.
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[Big five-factor contributions to addiction to alcohol]. Encephale 2011; 37:75-82. [PMID: 21349378 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personality in the field of addiction has been the subject of many studies. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the data obtained with the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness - Personality Inventory - Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the NEO - Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) among the persons who drink and suffer from addiction to alcohol. BACKGROUND These tools, based on the theory of "The Big Five Factors", assess the personality from a dimensional point of view. The five big dimensions addressed by these tools, are "Neuroticism" (general tendency to experience negative feelings), "Extraversion" (sociability, positive feelings, activity and self-confidence), "Openness" (imagination, intellectual curiosity, aesthetic sensitivity, attention paid to one's own feelings and no dogmatic behavior), "Agreeableness" (interpersonal tendencies) and "Conscientiousness" (forward planning, organization and task carrying out). According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR), alcohol consumption is based on three dissimilar behaviors: utilization (alcohol consumption not leading to complications or damage), abuse (regular consumption likely to cause somatic, psycho-emotional or social damage for the individual or for his/her family circle) and dependency (excessive utilization leading to deterioration in functioning or clinically significant suffering). LITERATURE FINDINGS Alcohol consumption among young adults can thus be predicted through a high level of "Neuroticism" associated with a low level of "Agreeableness". Persons having been addicted to alcohol (present or past) have a high level of "Neuroticism", a low "Agreeableness" and a low level of "Conscientiousness", contrary to patients who have never been addicted to alcohol. The NEO-PI-R also enables a more accurate analysis of the personality, since each of these five big dimensions is divided into six facets. Among the patients with a past or present diagnosis of alcohol abuse, we found a low score on facets "trust", "achievement striving", "self-discipline" and "dutifulness" and a high score on "impulsiveness", "vulnerability", and "excitement-seeking". Although dimension and facet results measured by this tool can differ according to craving level or according to gender, the studies agree in that there are common aspects among the patients.
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Ohannessian CM, Hesselbrock VM. A comparison of three vulnerability models for the onset of substance use in a high-risk sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2008; 69:75-84. [PMID: 18080067 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the following three vulnerability models for early-onset substance use in a high-risk sample: the deviance proneness model, the negative affect regulation model, and a comprehensive model including both delinquency and negative affect. METHOD The sample included 249 15- to 19-year-old adolescents (57% children of alcoholics) and their fathers, all of whom were seen at follow-up 5 years later. At both times of measurement, participants completed a clinical psychiatric interview and a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing temperament, negative affect, delinquency, and substance use. RESULTS Although all of the models fit the data well, the deviance proneness model was parsimonious and provided the best fit. Delinquency played a significant mediating role, whereas negative affect did not. Moreover, negative affect and delinquency were not significantly related to one another. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest that the deviance proneness model may be a more useful theoretical framework than the negative affect regulation model or a comprehensive model when examining the onset of substance use, particularly in a high-risk sample.
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Ohannessian CM, Hesselbrock VM. Do personality characteristics and risk taking mediate the relationship between paternal substance dependence and adolescent substance use? Addict Behav 2007; 32:1852-62. [PMID: 17241748 PMCID: PMC1993011 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined whether adolescent personality characteristics and risk taking mediate the relationship between paternal substance dependence and adolescent substance use. At Time 1, the sample included 249 15-19 year-old adolescents and their fathers. These individuals also were assessed 5 years later (Time 2). Results indicated that paternal substance dependence directly and indirectly (via personality and risk taking) predicted adolescent substance use. Paternal substance dependence had significant direct effects on age when the adolescent first used marijuana and significant indirect effects on age when regular drinking began, age when first used marijuana, and frequency of drinking to get "high" or "drunk." All of the indirect personality effects were via adolescent disinhibition. In addition, adolescent risk taking further mediated personality and adolescent substance use. Results from this study are discussed in relation to an epigenetic perspective of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor M. Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Medical School, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030. E-mail:
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Verheul R, van den Brink W. Causal pathways between substance use disorders and personality pathology. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00050060500094613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Verheul
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam
- Viersprong Institute for Studies on Personality Disorder, Center of Psychotherapy De Viersprong
| | - W van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, The Jellinek Clinic
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Malouff JM, Thorsteinsson EB, Rooke SE, Schutte NS. Alcohol involvement and the Five-Factor model of personality: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2007; 37:277-294. [PMID: 18047183 DOI: 10.2190/de.37.3.d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the relationship between the Five-Factor Model of personality and alcohol involvement and to identify moderators of the relationship. The meta-analysis included 20 studies, 119 effect sizes, and 7,886 participants. Possible moderators examined included: five-factor rating type (self vs. other); study time-frame (cross sectional vs. longitudinal); sample type (treatment vs. non-treatment); type of alcohol involvement measure used; gender of the participants; and age of the participants. The meta-analysis showed alcohol involvement was associated with low conscientiousness, low agreeableness, and high neuroticism, a personality profile that: a) fits on the low end of a superordinate personality dimension that has been called self-control; and b) makes treatment difficult. Several significant moderators of effect size were found, including the following: studies of individuals in treatment for alcohol problems showed a more negative pattern of personality traits than did other studies; cross-sectional studies, but not longitudinal studies, showed a significant effect for agreeableness, perhaps suggesting that low agreeableness may have a different causal link to alcohol involvement from the other factors; mixed-sex samples tended to have lower effect sizes than single-sex samples, suggesting that mixing sexes in data analysis may obscure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Malouff
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
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Nunes CHSDS, Hutz CS. Construção e validação de uma escala de extroversão no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade. PSICO-USF 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-82712006000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente estudo visou a construção e validação de construto de uma escala para a mensuração de extroversão no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade. Nesse modelo, extroversão engloba traços que descrevem nível de comunicação, assertividade, gregariedade, busca por diversão, ente outros. A validade de construto da Escala Fatorial de Extroversão (EFE) contou com uma amostra de 1.084 pessoas de cinco estados brasileiros, de ambos os sexos, com nível de escolarização médio ou superior. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais para a verificação da dimensionalidade da EFE, sendo a solução de quatro fatores considerada a mais adequada. Os fatores extraídos foram denominados comunicação, altivez, assertividade e interações sociais, com alfas de Cronbach de 0,90; 0,78; 0,78 e 0,83, respectivamente. A escala geral apresentou uma consistência interna de 0,91.
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Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addict Behav 2006; 31:1844-57. [PMID: 16460883 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to review the empirical research carried out over the last 15 years on the characteristics of young people (10- to 25-year olds) who have specific motives for drinking. In a computer-assisted search of relevant literature, 82 studies were identified. Concerning demographic factors, a developmental trend was found - from general, undifferentiated drinking motives in late childhood and early adolescence to more gender-specific drinking motives in subsequent years. With regard to personality factors, two specific patterns can be distinguished: extraversion and sensation-seeking correlate with enhancement motives, while neuroticism and anxiety correlate most strongly with coping motives. For contextual factors, drinking motives were found to vary across countries but not among different ethnic groups in the same culture. Based on these results, preventive strategies should take into account general, undifferentiated drinking motivation in late childhood, and social and enhancement motives in adolescence, particularly among boys. Findings on personality indicate that it would be useful to focus on extraverted, sensation-seeking boys who drink for enhancement motives and neurotic, anxious girls who drink for coping motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Research Department, Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems (SIPA), PO Box 870, 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Replication and validation of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R, Cooper, 1994) among adolescents in Switzerland. Eur Addict Res 2006; 12:161-8. [PMID: 16778437 DOI: 10.1159/000092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper has two aims: (1) to replicate the four-dimensional structure of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R) in a national representative sample from Switzerland, and (2) to validate the relevance of distinguishing drinking motives by inspecting the relations with expected consequences, alcohol use, and alcohol-related and other problems. Confirmatory factor analysis and linear structural equation models were estimated based on answers of 5,617 8th to 10th graders (mean 15.1 years; SD = 0.95). The results confirm the four-dimensional factor structure in general and among subpopulations defined by gender, age, and linguistic region. It could also be confirmed that enhancement motives followed by coping motives were strongly related to alcohol use and heavy drinking, whereas conformity motives were negatively related. Coping motives were related to problems independent of whether they were assessed as alcohol-related or not, while enhancement motives were associated solely with alcohol-related problems. In sum, the results demonstrate the robustness of the DMQ-R and its usefulness for assessing drinking motives among European adolescents from different cultural backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Research Department, Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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McCann SJH. Longevity, big five personality factors, and health behaviors: presidents from Washington to Nixon. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2005; 139:273-86. [PMID: 15945521 DOI: 10.3200/jrlp.139.3.273-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the positive correlation between conscientiousness and death age discovered by H. S. Friedman et al. (1993, 1995) was replicated for 32 American presidents. Conscientiousness scores, using the Big Five variables produced by S. J. Rubenzer, T. R. Faschingbauer, and D. S. Ones (1996, 2000), were correlated with death age, r(30) = .41, p < .01, and the relationship was maintained with controls in a multiple regression framework. Smoking, drinking, and exercise, as assessed by J. R. Bumgarner (1994), were also correlated in the expected fashion with death age. Conscientiousness was correlated negatively with smoking and drinking, but openness to experience was correlated negatively with smoking and drinking to a higher degree and also was positively correlated with exercise. Openness, extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness were not correlated with death age, and extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness were not correlated with smoking, drinking or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart J H McCann
- Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, P.O. Box 5300, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada B1P 6L2.
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Conner BT, Noble EP, Berman SM, Ozkaragoz T, Ritchie T, Antolin T, Sheen C. DRD2 genotypes and substance use in adolescent children of alcoholics. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 79:379-87. [PMID: 16102380 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research has identified children of alcoholics (COAs) as a population at increased risk for developing substance use problems. Genetic studies support the Al allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) as a risk marker for alcoholism and substance use disorders. In this study, substance use was assessed in 48 adolescent boys of alcoholics with the DRDR A1(+) allele (A1A1/A1A2 genotypes) or the A1(-) allele (A2A2 genotype). The results revealed that boys with the A1(+) allele tried (p=0.0001) and got intoxicated on alcohol more often (p=0.009) than boys with the A1(-) allele. Boys with the A1(+) allele tried more (p=0.004) and used more substances overall (p=0.008) than boys with the A1(-) allele. Boys with the A1(+) allele developed a tobacco habit more often (p=0.03) and experienced marijuana high at an earlier age (p=0.001) than boys with the A1(-) allele. The best predictors of substance use severity in boys with the A1(+) allele were Psychoticism (p=0.01) and Negative Affect (p=0.04). The results provide support for the DRD2 A1 allele as a marker identifying a subgroup of COAs at high risk for developing substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Conner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Bottlender M, Soyka M. Impact of different personality dimensions (NEO Five-Factor Inventory) on the outcome of alcohol-dependent patients 6 and 12 months after treatment. Psychiatry Res 2005; 136:61-7. [PMID: 16023734 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Revised: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that outpatient treatment might be equally effective as inpatient treatment for alcohol-dependent patients. Nevertheless, it is still unclear which patient group benefits most from outpatient treatment. Some personality traits such as emotional instability and high neuroticism are known risk factors for relapse after treatment. The purpose of the following study was to investigate the possible relationship between personality traits, measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and outcome after an intensive outpatient treatment program. Seventy-four alcohol-dependent patients who had completed the outpatient treatment program were included. Patients were examined at the beginning and end of the treatment, and 6 and 12 months after completion of the treatment. At the 6- and 12-month follow-up, 97% of the patients were successfully located and personally interviewed. Analyses revealed that 54 patients (73%) had been abstinent for the entire 12-month follow-up period. Twenty patients (27.4%) were found to be non-abstinent. Of these patients, 10 (13.5%) were found to be improved and 10 (13.5%) to have relapsed. Results indicate a remarkable stability of NEO-FFI scores over time, giving evidence for the usefulness of this instrument for the assessment of personality dimensions in alcohol-dependent patients. Patients who relapsed within 12 months after treatment had significantly higher scores on the personality domains of "neuroticism" and lower scores on the personality domains of "conscientiousness" than abstainers. These results are in line with prior research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bottlender
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Nüssbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Chassin L, Fora DB, King KM. Trajectories of alcohol and drug use and dependence from adolescence to adulthood: the effects of familial alcoholism and personality. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005; 113:483-98. [PMID: 15535782 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.113.4.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study describes trajectories of substance use and dependence from adolescence to adulthood. Identified consumption groups include heavy drinking/heavy drug use, moderate drinking/experimental drug use, and light drinking/rare drug use. Dependence groups include alcohol only, drug only, and comorbid groups. The heavy drinking/heavy drug use group was at risk for alcohol and drug dependence and persistent dependence and showed more familial alcoholism, negative emotionality, and low constraint. The moderate drinking/experimental drug use group was at risk for alcohol dependence but not comorbid or persistent dependence and showed less negative emotionality and higher constraint. Familial alcoholism raised risk for alcohol and drug use and dependence in part because children from alcoholic families were more impulsive and lower in agreeableness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
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Theakston JA, Stewart SH, Dawson MY, Knowlden-Loewen SA, Lehman DR. Big-Five personality domains predict drinking motives. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Are shyness and sociability still a dangerous combination for substance use? Evidence from a US and Canadian sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2003.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nigg JT, Glass JM, Wong MM, Poon E, Jester JM, Fitzgerald HE, Puttler LI, Adams KM, Zucker RA. Neuropsychological executive functioning in children at elevated risk for alcoholism: findings in early adolescence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2004; 113:302-14. [PMID: 15122950 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.113.2.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One component of individual risk for alcoholism may involve cognitive vulnerabilities prodromal to alcoholism onset. This prospective study of 198 boys followed between 3 and 14 years of age evaluated neurocognitive functioning across three groups who varied in familial risk for future alcoholism. Measures of intelligence, reward-response, and a battery of neuropsychological executive and cognitive inhibitory measures were used. Executive functioning weaknesses were greater in families with alcoholism but no antisocial comorbidity. IQ and reward-response weaknesses were associated with familial antisocial alcoholism. Executive function effects were clearest for response inhibition, response speed, and symbol-digit modalities. Results suggest that executive deficits are not part of the highest risk, antisocial pathway to alcoholism but that some executive function weaknesses may contribute to a secondary risk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Abstract
We investigated the relationships between Five-factor model domains and facets and drinking and alcohol-related problems. We also examined the moderating effects of gender. Two hundred students (99 men and 101 women) who had used alcohol in the past year completed self-report and interview assessments. Bivariate analyses demonstrated some significant relationships. In the multivariate analyses that controlled for gender, Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were linked to drinking, but only some of the facets from these domains had significant relationships to drinking. Facets of Extraversion and Agreeableness, but not these domains, were associated with drinking. Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and most of their facets were related to alcohol-related problems in the multivariate analyses. The interactions between gender and traits were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
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Shoal GD, Giancola PR. Negative affectivity and drug use in adolescent boys: Moderating and mediating mechanisms. J Pers Soc Psychol 2003. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Personality Pathways to Unsafe Sex: Personality, Condom Use, and HIV Risk Behaviors. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jrpe.2001.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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