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Ren X, Tan D, Deng J, Wang Z, Hong D. Skin biopsy and neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1367-1372. [PMID: 37718652 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disease with variable clinical phenotypes. There is a considerable delay in the definite diagnosis, which primarily depends on postmortem brain pathological examination. Although CGG repeat expansion in the 5'-untranslated region of NOTCH2NLC has been identified as a disease-associated variant, the pathological diagnosis is still required in certain NIID cases. Intranuclear inclusions found in the skin tissue of patients with NIID dramatically increased its early detection rate. Skin biopsy, as a minimally invasive method, has become widely accepted as a routine examination to confirm the pathogenicity of the repeat expansion in patients with suspected NIID. In addition, the shared developmental origin of the skin and nerve system provided a new insight into the pathological changes observed in patients with NIID. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of skin biopsy for NIID diagnosis, the procedure of skin biopsy, and the pathophysiological mechanism of intranuclear inclusion in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Multidisciplinary collaborative group for cutaneous neuropathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dandan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Multidisciplinary collaborative group for cutaneous neuropathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Multidisciplinary collaborative group for cutaneous neuropathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Jacob T, Annusver K, Czarnewski P, Dalessandri T, Kalk C, Levra Levron C, Campamà Sanz N, Kastriti ME, Mikkola ML, Rendl M, Lichtenberger BM, Donati G, Björklund ÅK, Kasper M. Molecular and spatial landmarks of early mouse skin development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2140-2162.e5. [PMID: 37591247 PMCID: PMC11088744 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A wealth of specialized cell populations within the skin facilitates its hair-producing, protective, sensory, and thermoregulatory functions. How the vast cell-type diversity and tissue architecture develops is largely unexplored. Here, with single-cell transcriptomics, spatial cell-type assignment, and cell-lineage tracing, we deconstruct early embryonic mouse skin during the key transitions from seemingly uniform developmental precursor states to a multilayered, multilineage epithelium, and complex dermal identity. We identify the spatiotemporal emergence of hair-follicle-inducing, muscle-supportive, and fascia-forming fibroblasts. We also demonstrate the formation of the panniculus carnosus muscle (PCM), sprouting blood vessels without pericyte coverage, and the earliest residence of mast and dendritic immune cells in skin. Finally, we identify an unexpected epithelial heterogeneity within the early single-layered epidermis and a signaling-rich periderm layer. Overall, this cellular and molecular blueprint of early skin development-which can be explored at https://kasperlab.org/tools-establishes histological landmarks and highlights unprecedented dynamic interactions among skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jacob
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Dalessandri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kalk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Levra Levron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nil Campamà Sanz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Rendl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Beate M Lichtenberger
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Åsa K Björklund
- Department of Life Science, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Puri S, Kenyon BM, Hamrah P. Immunomodulatory Role of Neuropeptides in the Cornea. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1985. [PMID: 36009532 PMCID: PMC9406019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparency of the cornea along with its dense sensory innervation and resident leukocyte populations make it an ideal tissue to study interactions between the nervous and immune systems. The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of the body and possesses both immune and vascular privilege, in part due to its unique repertoire of resident immune cells. Corneal nerves produce various neuropeptides that have a wide range of functions on immune cells. As research in this area expands, further insights are made into the role of neuropeptides and their immunomodulatory functions in the healthy and diseased cornea. Much remains to be known regarding the details of neuropeptide signaling and how it contributes to pathophysiology, which is likely due to complex interactions among neuropeptides, receptor isoform-specific signaling events, and the inflammatory microenvironment in disease. However, progress in this area has led to an increase in studies that have begun modulating neuropeptide activity for the treatment of corneal diseases with promising results, necessitating the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. This review focuses on the role of neuropeptides in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface, alterations in disease settings, and the possible therapeutic potential of targeting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Puri
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brendan M. Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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4
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Calvisi L, Diaspro A, Sito G. Microbotox: A prospective evaluation of dermatological improvement in patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3747-3753. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Maxillofacial Surgeon at the Rigeneralab Centre for Regenerative Medicine Turin Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sito
- Aesthetic Surgeon University L. Vanvitelli Naples Italy
- Scientific Director of the Master in Aesthetic Medicine Pegaso University Naples Italy
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5
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Bonelli F, Atay A, Triani F, Fonteyne P, Di Simone E, Rama P, Mondino A, Ferrari G. Topical neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist Fosaprepitant ameliorates ocular graft-versus-host disease in a preclinical mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108825. [PMID: 34740637 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to assess the effect of topical administration of the Neurokin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist Fosaprepitant in a pre-clinical model of ocular Graft-versus-Host disease (GVHD). METHODS BALB/c mice were pre-conditioned by myeloablative total body irradiation and subjected to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and mature T cell infusion (BM + T). BM-transplanted mice (BM) were used as controls. Ocular GVHD was specifically assessed by quantifying corneal epithelial damage, tear secretion, blepharitis and phimosis, 3 times/week for 28 days post-transplantation. A group of BM + T mice received Fosaprepitant 10 mg/mL, 6 times/day, topically, from day 7-29 after transplantation. After sacrifice, the expression of NK1R, CD45, CD3, and CXCL10 was quantified in the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS BM + T mice developed corneal epithelial damage (day 0-29, p < 0.001), blepharitis (day 0-29, p < 0.001), and phimosis (day 0-29, p < 0.01), and experienced decreased tear secretion (day 21, p < 0.01) compared to controls. NK1R was found upregulated in corneal epithelium (p < 0.01) and lacrimal gland (p < 0.01) of BM + T mice. Fosaprepitant administration significantly reduced corneal epithelial damage (p < 0.05), CD45+ (p < 0.05) and CD3+ (p < 0.01) immune cell infiltration in the cornea and conjunctiva (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, Fosaprepitant reduced the expression of CXCL10 in the cornea (p < 0.05) and in the lacrimal gland (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NK1R represents a novel druggable pathway for the therapy of ocular GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ayça Atay
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Triani
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Simone
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Sinhorim L, Amorim MDS, Ortiz ME, Bittencourt EB, Bianco G, da Silva FC, Horewicz VV, Schleip R, Reed WR, Mazzardo-Martins L, Martins DF. Potential Nociceptive Role of the Thoracolumbar Fascia: A Scope Review Involving In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194342. [PMID: 34640360 PMCID: PMC8509394 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive innervation of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) has been investigated over the past few decades; however, these studies have not been compiled or collectively appraised. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess current knowledge regarding nociceptive innervation of the TLF to better inform future mechanistic and clinical TLF research targeting lower back pain (LBP) treatment. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched in January 2021 using relevant descriptors encompassing fascia and pain. Eligible studies satisfied the following: (a) published in English; (b) preclinical and clinical (in vivo and ex vivo) studies; (c) original data; (d) included quantification of at least one TLF nociceptive component. Two-phase screening procedures were conducted by a pair of independent reviewers, after which data were extracted and summarized from eligible studies. The search resulted in 257 articles of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Studies showed histological evidence of nociceptive nerve fibers terminating in lower back fascia, suggesting a TLF contribution to LBP. Noxious chemical injection or electrical stimulation into fascia resulted in longer pain duration and higher pain intensities than injections into subcutaneous tissue or muscle. Pre-clinical and clinical research provides histological and functional evidence of nociceptive innervation of TLF. Additional knowledge of fascial neurological components could impact LBP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Sinhorim
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.d.S.A.); (M.E.O.); (E.B.B.); (G.B.); (V.V.H.); (D.F.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil
| | - Mayane dos Santos Amorim
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.d.S.A.); (M.E.O.); (E.B.B.); (G.B.); (V.V.H.); (D.F.M.)
- Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program, College of Health and Sport Science at Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88080-350, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Ortiz
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.d.S.A.); (M.E.O.); (E.B.B.); (G.B.); (V.V.H.); (D.F.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil
| | - Edsel Balduino Bittencourt
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.d.S.A.); (M.E.O.); (E.B.B.); (G.B.); (V.V.H.); (D.F.M.)
- Coastal Health Institute, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gianluca Bianco
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.d.S.A.); (M.E.O.); (E.B.B.); (G.B.); (V.V.H.); (D.F.M.)
- Research Laboratory of Posturology and Neuromodulation RELPON, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, 00147 Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Formazione in Agopuntura e Neuromodulazione IFAN, 00147 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Verônica Vargas Horewicz
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.d.S.A.); (M.E.O.); (E.B.B.); (G.B.); (V.V.H.); (D.F.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil
| | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Department for Medical Professions, DIPLOMA University of Applied Sciences, 37242 Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-346016
| | - William R. Reed
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Departments of Physical and Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Leidiane Mazzardo-Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel F. Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.d.S.A.); (M.E.O.); (E.B.B.); (G.B.); (V.V.H.); (D.F.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Brazil
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7
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Iqbal Z, Kalteniece A, Ferdousi M, Adam S, D'Onofrio L, Ho JH, Rao AP, Dhage S, Azmi S, Liu Y, Donn R, Malik RA, Soran H. Corneal Keratocyte Density and Corneal Nerves Are Reduced in Patients With Severe Obesity and Improve After Bariatric Surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 33475689 PMCID: PMC7817877 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is associated with peripheral neuropathy, which bariatric surgery may ameliorate. The aim of this study was to assess whether corneal confocal microscopy can show a change in corneal nerve morphology and keratocyte density in subjects with severe obesity after bariatric surgery. Methods Twenty obese patients with diabetes (n = 13) and without diabetes (n = 7) underwent assessment of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipids, IL-6, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and corneal confocal microscopy before and 12 months after bariatric surgery. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and keratocyte density (KD) from the anterior, middle, and posterior stroma were quantified. Twenty-two controls underwent assessment at baseline only. Results CNFL (P < 0.001), CNBD (P < 0.05), and anterior (P < 0.001), middle (P < 0.001), and posterior (P < 0.001) keratocyte densities were significantly lower in obese patients compared to controls, and anterior keratocyte density (AKD) correlated with CNFL. Twelve months after bariatric surgery, there were significant improvements in body mass index (BMI; P < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05), hsCRP (P < 0.001), and IL-6 (P < 0.01). There were significant increases in CNFD (P < 0.05), CNBD (P < 0.05), CNFL (P < 0.05), and anterior (P < 0.05) and middle (P < 0.001) keratocyte densities. The increase in AKD correlated with a decrease in BMI (r = -0.55, P < 0.05) and triglycerides (r = -0.85, P < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between the change in keratocyte densities and corneal nerve fiber or other neuropathy measures. Conclusions Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates early small fiber damage and reduced keratocyte density in obese patients. Bariatric surgery leads to weight reduction and improvement in lipids and inflammation and an improvement in keratocyte density and corneal nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Iqbal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alise Kalteniece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Safwaan Adam
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca D'Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jan H Ho
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anoop Prasanna Rao
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shaishav Dhage
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shazli Azmi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yifen Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachelle Donn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Handrean Soran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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8
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Moattari CR, Granstein RD. Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13644. [PMID: 33724698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunlight. UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.
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9
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do Carmo Neto JR, Braga YLL, da Costa AWF, Lucio FH, do Nascimento TC, dos Reis MA, Celes MRN, de Oliveira FA, Machado JR, da Silva MV. Biomarkers and Their Possible Functions in the Intestinal Microenvironment of Chagasic Megacolon: An Overview of the (Neuro)inflammatory Process. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6668739. [PMID: 33928170 PMCID: PMC8049798 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between inflammatory processes and intestinal neuronal destruction during the progression of Chagasic megacolon is well established. However, many other components play essential roles, both in the long-term progression and control of the clinical status of patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Components such as neuronal subpopulations, enteric glial cells, mast cells and their proteases, and homeostasis-related proteins from several organic systems (serotonin and galectins) are differentially involved in the progression of Chagasic megacolon. This review is aimed at revealing the characteristics of the intestinal microenvironment found in Chagasic megacolon by using different types of already used biomarkers. Information regarding these components may provide new therapeutic alternatives and improve the understanding of the association between T. cruzi infection and immune, endocrine, and neurological system changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Yarlla Loyane Lira Braga
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Arthur Wilson Florêncio da Costa
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hélia Lucio
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thais Cardoso do Nascimento
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia dos Reis
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mara Rubia Nunes Celes
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida de Oliveira
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Modified tamarind kernel polysaccharide-based matrix alters neuro-keratinocyte cross-talk and serves as a suitable scaffold for skin tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111779. [PMID: 33579440 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Advanced technologies like skin tissue engineering are requisite of various disorders where artificially synthesized materials need to be used as a scaffold in vivo, which in turn can allow the formation of functional skin and epidermal layer with all biological sensory functions. In this work, we present a set of hydrogels which have been synthesized by the method utilizing radical polymerization of a natural polymer extracted from kernel of Tamarindus indica, commonly known as Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) modified by utilizing the monomer acrylic acid (AA) in different mole ratios. These materials are termed as TKP: AA hydrogels and characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), surface charge, and particle size distribution using Dynamic Light Scattering measurements. These materials are biocompatible with mouse dermal fibroblasts (NIH- 3T3) and human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT), as confirmed by MTT and biocompatibility assays. These TKP: AA hydrogels do not induce unwanted ROS signaling as confirmed by mitochondrial functionality determined by DCFDA staining, Mitosox imaging, and measuring the ATP levels. We demonstrate that in the co-culture system, TKP: AA allows the establishment of proper neuro-keratinocyte contact formation, suggesting that this hydrogel can be suitable for developing skin with sensory functions. Skin corrosion analysis on SD rats confirms that TKP: AA is appropriate for in vivo applications as well. This is further confirmed by in vivo compatibility and toxicity studies, including hemocompatibility and histopathology of liver and kidney upon direct introduction of hydrogel into the body. We propose that TKP: AA (1: 5) offers a suitable surface for skin tissue engineering with sensory functions applicable in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. These findings may have broad biomedical and clinical importance.
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11
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Dysregulation of the gut-brain-skin axis and key overlapping inflammatory and immune mechanisms of psoriasis and depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111065. [PMID: 33540138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence, progression and recurrence of psoriasis are thought to be related to mood and psychological disorders such as depression. Psoriasis can lead to depression, and depression, in turn, exacerbates psoriasis. No specific mechanism can explain the association between psoriasis and depression. The gut-brain-skin axis has been used to explain correlations among the gut microbiota, emotional states and systemic and skin inflammation, and this axis may be associated with overlapping mechanisms between psoriasis and depression. Therefore, in the context of the gut-brain-skin axis, we systematically summarized and comparatively analysed the inflammatory and immune mechanisms of psoriasis and depression and illustrated the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the gut microbiota. This review provides a theoretical basis and new targets for the treatment of psoriasis and depression.
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12
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Neelam S, Niederkorn JY. Corneal Nerve Ablation Abolishes Ocular Immune Privilege by Downregulating CD103 on T Regulatory Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:25. [PMID: 32305043 PMCID: PMC7401639 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Severing corneal nerves during orthotopic corneal transplantation elicits the elaboration of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which induces the generation of CD11c+ contrasuppressor (CS) cells. CS cells disable T regulatory cells (Tregs) that are induced when antigens enter the anterior chamber (AC), either by direct injection or by orthotopic corneal transplantation. This study examined the crucial cell surface molecules on Tregs that are adversely affected by CS cells that are generated by severing corneal nerves. Methods CS cells were induced by producing shallow 2.0-mm circular incisions in the corneal epithelium in BALB/c mice. CD8+ Tregs were generated by injecting ovalbumin into the AC. The effects of CS cells and SP on the expression and function of two cell surface molecules (CD103 and the receptor of interferon-γ) that are crucial for the induction and function of CD8+ Tregs were analyzed. Results SP converted CD11c+, but not CD11c−, dendritic cells (DCs) to CS cells. Severing corneal nerves resulted in a 66% reduction in the expression of CD103 on CD8+ AC-associated immune deviation (ACAID) Tregs, and a 50% reduction in the interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR). These effects could be mimicked in vitro by coculturing CS cells with CD8+ ACAID Tregs. Conclusions The elaboration of SP in response to corneal nerve ablation converts CD11c+ DCs to CS cells. CS cells disable CD8+ ACAID Tregs by downregulating two crucial cell surface molecules, CD103 and IFN-γR, by an SP-dependent pathway. Blocking this pathway may provide a means of restoring ocular immune privilege in corneas subjected to corneal nerve injury.
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13
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Ayasse MT, Buddenkotte J, Alam M, Steinhoff M. Role of neuroimmune circuits and pruritus in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:414-426. [PMID: 31954075 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease presenting with an array of clinical phenotypes, often associated with pruritus. Environmental and psychological stressors can exacerbate psoriasis symptoms and provoke flares. Recent studies suggest a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in some patients with psoriasis that can result in immune dysregulation. The immune system, in turn, can communicate with the nervous system to induce, maintain or aggravate psoriasis. In the skin, peripheral sensory as well as autonomic nerves control release of inflammatory mediators from dendritic cells, mast cells, T cells or keratinocytes, thereby modulating inflammatory responses and, in case of sensory nerves, pruritus. In response to the environment or stress, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and neuropeptides fluctuate in psoriasis and influence immune responses as well as nerve activity. Furthermore, immune cells communicate with sensory nerves which control release of cytokines, such as IL-23, that are ultimately involved in psoriasis pathogenesis. Nerves also communicate with keratinocytes to induce epidermal proliferation. Notably, in contrast to recent years the debilitating problem of pruritus in psoriasis has been increasingly appreciated. Thus, investigating neuroimmune communication in psoriasis will not only expand our knowledge about the impact of sensory nerves in inflammation and pruritus and give new insights into the impact of environmental factors activating neuroimmune circuits or of stress in psoriasis, but may also lead to novel therapies. This review summarizes the relevant literature on the role of neuroimmune circuits, stress and how the central HPA axis and its peripheral equivalent in the skin, impact psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa T Ayasse
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majid Alam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Medical School, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,School of Medicine, Weill Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Vidal Yucha SE, Tamamoto KA, Kaplan DL. The importance of the neuro-immuno-cutaneous system on human skin equivalent design. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12677. [PMID: 31441145 PMCID: PMC6869210 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly complex organ, responsible for sensation, protection against the environment (pollutants, foreign proteins, infection) and thereby linked to the immune and sensory systems in the neuro-immuno-cutaneous (NIC) system. Cutaneous innervation is a key part of the peripheral nervous system; therefore, the skin should be considered a sensory organ and an important part of the central nervous system, an 'active interface' and the first connection of the body to the outside world. Peripheral nerves are a complex class of neurons within these systems, subsets of functions are conducted, including mechanoreception, nociception and thermoception. Epidermal and dermal cells produce signalling factors (such as cytokines or growth factors), neurites influence skin cells (such as via neuropeptides), and peripheral nerves have a role in both early and late stages of the inflammatory response. One way this is achieved, specifically in the cutaneous system, is through neuropeptide release and signalling, especially via substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Cutaneous, neuronal and immune cells play a central role in many conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, UV-induced immunosuppression, herpes and lymphomas. Therefore, it is critical to understand the connections and interplay between the peripheral nervous system and the skin and immune systems, the NIC system. Relevant in vitro tissue models based on human skin equivalents can be used to gain insight and to address impact across research and clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMassachusetts
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15
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Scala J, Vojvodic A, Vojvodic P, Vlaskovic-Jovicevic T, Peric-Hajzler Z, Matovic D, Dimitrijevic S, Vojvodic J, Sijan G, Stepic N, Wollina U, Tirant M, Thuong NV, Fioranelli M, Lotti T. Botulin Toxin Use in Rosacea and Facial Flushing Treatment. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2985-2987. [PMID: 31850105 PMCID: PMC6910814 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin derived from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction level whose effects has been used for many years to treat a variety of muscular/neuromuscular conditions and more recently also for cosmetic use. BTX has experimented in some dermatological conditions, which include Rosacea and facial flushing treatment with good results. The complex mechanism underlying those results is not completely understood but was proposed a release inhibition of acetylcholine from peripheral autonomic nerves of the cutaneous vasodilatory system combined with the blockade substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) thus modulating blood vessel dilatation. We analysed the published data on BTX off label applications rosacea and flushing retrieved from PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Vojvodic
- Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders "Dr. Laza Lazarevic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jovana Vojvodic
- Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders "Dr. Laza Lazarevic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Sijan
- Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stepic
- Chief of Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Nguyen Van Thuong
- Vietnam National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Massimo Fioranelli
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Sub-nuclear and Radiation, G. Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Torello Lotti
- Department of Dermatology, University of G. Marconi, Rome, Italy
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16
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Scala J, Vojvodic A, Vojvodic P, Vlaskovic-Jovicevic T, Peric-Hajzler Z, Matovic D, Dimitrijevic S, Vojvodic J, Sijan G, Stepic N, Wollina U, Tirant M, Thuong NV, Fioranelli M, Lotti T. Botulin Toxin Use in Scars/Keloids Treatment. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2979-2981. [PMID: 31850103 PMCID: PMC6910812 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin protein derived from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction level whose effects has been used for many years to treat a variety of muscular/neuromuscular conditions and more recently also for cosmetic use. BTX has experimented in some dermatological conditions which include scar prevention and treatment with good results The complex mechanism underlying those results is not completely understood but several mechanisms were proposed release inhibition of different substances like (TGF)-β, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and glutamate thus modulating cutaneous inflammation and wound healing. We analysed the published data on BTX off label applications on scars and keloids retrieved from PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Vojvodic
- Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders "Dr. Laza Lazarevic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jovana Vojvodic
- Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders "Dr. Laza Lazarevic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Sijan
- Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stepic
- Chief of Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Nguyen Van Thuong
- Vietnam National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Massimo Fioranelli
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Sub-nuclear and Radiation, G. Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Torello Lotti
- Department of Dermatology, University of G. Marconi, Rome, Italy
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17
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Mehta D, Granstein RD. Immunoregulatory Effects of Neuropeptides on Endothelial Cells: Relevance to Dermatological Disorders. Dermatology 2019; 235:175-186. [PMID: 30808842 DOI: 10.1159/000496538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, have a neurogenic component. In this regard, bidirectional interactions between components of the nervous system and multiple target cells in the skin and elsewhere have been receiving increasing attention. Neuropeptides released by sensory nerves that innervate the skin can directly modulate functions of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, mast cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. As a result, neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors participate in a complex, interdependent network of mediators that modulate the skin immune system, skin inflammation, and wound healing. In this review, we will focus on recent studies demonstrating the roles of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, and nerve growth factor in modulating inflammation and immunity in the skin through their effects on dermal microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Lynch MD, Watt FM. Fibroblast heterogeneity: implications for human disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:26-35. [PMID: 29293096 DOI: 10.1172/jci93555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts synthesize the extracellular matrix of connective tissue and play an essential role in maintaining the structural integrity of most tissues. Researchers have long suspected that fibroblasts exhibit functional specialization according to their organ of origin, body site, and spatial location. In recent years, a number of approaches have revealed the existence of fibroblast subtypes in mice. Here, we discuss fibroblast heterogeneity with a focus on the mammalian dermis, which has proven an accessible and tractable system for the dissection of these relationships. We begin by considering differences in fibroblast identity according to anatomical site of origin. Subsequently, we discuss new results relating to the existence of multiple fibroblast subtypes within the mouse dermis. We consider the developmental origin of fibroblasts and how this influences heterogeneity and lineage restriction. We discuss the mechanisms by which fibroblast heterogeneity arises, including intrinsic specification by transcriptional regulatory networks and epigenetic factors in combination with extrinsic effects of the spatial context within tissue. Finally, we discuss how fibroblast heterogeneity may provide insights into pathological states including wound healing, fibrotic diseases, and aging. Our evolving understanding suggests that ex vivo expansion or in vivo inhibition of specific fibroblast subtypes may have important therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus D Lynch
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Georgescu SR, Sârbu MI, Matei C, Ilie MA, Caruntu C, Constantin C, Neagu M, Tampa M. Capsaicin: Friend or Foe in Skin Cancer and Other Related Malignancies? Nutrients 2017; 9:E1365. [PMID: 29258175 PMCID: PMC5748815 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is the main pungent in chili peppers, one of the most commonly used spices in the world; its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties have been proven in various cultures for centuries. It is a lipophilic substance belonging to the class of vanilloids and an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor. Taking into consideration the complex neuro-immune impact of capsaicin and the potential link between inflammation and carcinogenesis, the effect of capsaicin on muco-cutaneous cancer has aroused a growing interest. The aim of this review is to look over the most recent data regarding the connection between capsaicin and muco-cutaneous cancers, with emphasis on melanoma and muco-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, Carol DavilaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria-Isabela Sârbu
- Department of Dermatology, Carol DavilaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, Carol DavilaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Adriana Ilie
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, Carol DavilaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
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20
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Kim YS, Hong ES, Kim HS. Botulinum Toxin in the Field of Dermatology: Novel Indications. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120403. [PMID: 29258169 PMCID: PMC5744123 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2002 for glabellar wrinkles, botulinum toxin (BTX) has been widely used to correct facial wrinkles. As a result, many consider BTX synonymous with cosmetic dermatology. Recent studies indicate that BTX elicits biological effects on various skin cell types via the modulation of neurotransmitter release, and it seems that BTX has a wider zone of dermatologic influence than originally understood. Clinicians and researchers are now beginning to explore the potential of BTX beyond the amelioration of facial lines and encouraging results are seen with BTX in a variety of skin conditions. In this paper, we review novel dermatological indications of BTX which includes (but not limited to) scar prevention, facial flushing, post-herpetic neuralgia and itch. These areas show great promise, but there is definite need for larger, double-blinded, randomized control trials against established treatments before BTX becomes a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seob Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Eun Sun Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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21
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Mo J, Neelam S, Mellon J, Brown JR, Niederkorn JY. Effect of Corneal Nerve Ablation on Immune Tolerance Induced by Corneal Allografts, Oral Immunization, or Anterior Chamber Injection of Antigens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:137-148. [PMID: 28114571 PMCID: PMC5231905 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Severing corneal nerves during corneal transplantation does not affect first corneal transplants, but abolishes immune privilege of subsequent corneal allografts. This abrogation of immune privilege is attributable to the disabling of T regulatory cells (T regs) induced by corneal transplantation. The goal of this study was to determine if severing corneal nerves induces the development of contrasuppressor (CS) cells, which disable T regs that impair other forms of immune tolerance. Methods Effect of corneal nerve ablation on immune tolerance was assessed in four forms of immune tolerance: anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID); oral tolerance; corneal transplantation, and intravenously (IV) induced immune tolerance. T regulatory cell activity was assessed by adoptive transfer and by local adoptive transfer (LAT) of suppression assays. Results Corneal nerve ablation prevented ACAID and oral tolerance, but did not affect IV-induced immune tolerance. Contrasuppressor cells blocked the action of T regs that were generated by anterior chamber injection, oral tolerance, or orthotopic corneal transplantation. The neuropeptide substance P (SP) was crucial for contrasuppressor activity as CS cells could not be induced in SP-/- mice and the SP receptor inhibitor, Spantide II, prevented the expression of CS cell activity in vivo. Contrasuppressor cells expressed CD11c surface marker that identifies dendritic cells (DC). Conclusions The loss of immune privilege produced by corneal nerve ablation following corneal transplantation extends beyond the eye and also affects immune tolerance induced through mucosal surfaces and appears to be mediated by a novel cell population of CD11c+ CS cells that disables T regs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Sudha Neelam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jessamee Mellon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Joseph R Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jerry Y Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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22
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Mashaghi A, Marmalidou A, Tehrani M, Grace PM, Pothoulakis C, Dana R. Neuropeptide substance P and the immune response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4249-4264. [PMID: 27314883 PMCID: PMC5056132 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance P is a peptide mainly secreted by neurons and is involved in many biological processes, including nociception and inflammation. Animal models have provided insights into the biology of this peptide and offered compelling evidence for the importance of substance P in cell-to-cell communication by either paracrine or endocrine signaling. Substance P mediates interactions between neurons and immune cells, with nerve-derived substance P modulating immune cell proliferation rates and cytokine production. Intriguingly, some immune cells have also been found to secrete substance P, which hints at an integral role of substance P in the immune response. These communications play important functional roles in immunity including mobilization, proliferation and modulation of the activity of immune cells. This review summarizes current knowledge of substance P and its receptors, as well as its physiological and pathological roles. We focus on recent developments in the immunobiology of substance P and discuss the clinical implications of its ability to modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mashaghi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Anna Marmalidou
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Mohsen Tehrani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Peter M. Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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23
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Bogdanowicz P, Haure MJ, Ceruti I, Bessou-Touya S, Castex-Rizzi N. Results from in vitro and ex vivo skin aging models assessing the antiglycation and anti-elastase MMP-12 potential of glycylglycine oleamide. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:143-50. [PMID: 27382322 PMCID: PMC4922745 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s98633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycation is an aging reaction of naturally occurring sugars with dermal proteins. Type I collagen and elastin are most affected by glycation during intrinsic chronological aging. AIM To study the in vitro and ex vivo assays in human skin cells and explants and the antiaging effects of glycylglycine oleamide (GGO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiglycation effect of GGO was assessed in a noncellular in vitro study on collagen and, ex vivo, by immunohistochemical staining on human skin explants (elastin network glycation). The ability of GGO to contract fibroblasts was assessed in a functional assay, and its anti-elastase (MMP-12) activity was compared to that of oleic acid alone, glycylglycine (GG) alone, and oleic acid associated with GG. RESULTS In vitro, GGO reduced the glycation of type I collagen. Ex vivo, GGO restored the expression of fibrillin-1 inhibited by glycation. Furthermore, GGO induced a tissue retraction of almost 30%. Moreover, the MMP-12 activity was inhibited by up to 60%. CONCLUSION Under the present in vitro and ex vivo conditions, GGO prevents glycation of the major structural proteins of the dermis, helping to reduce the risk of rigidification. By maintaining the elastic function of the skin, GGO may be a promising sparring partner for other topical antiaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-José Haure
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
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Boric M, Jelicic Kadic A, Puljak L. Cutaneous expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rats with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 61-62:140-6. [PMID: 25266254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) have been well demonstrated in nervous tissue of diabetic animal models. Skin shares the same ectodermal origin as nervous tissue and it is often affected in diabetic patients. The goal of this study was to analyze expression of CaMKII in rat foot pad 2 weeks and 2 months after induction of diabetes type 1 and 2. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) was induced with intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) with a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and i.p. injection of low-dose STZ (35 mg/kg). Two weeks and two months following diabetes induction rats were sacrificed and skin samples from plantar surface of the both hind paws were removed. Immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of total CaMKII (tCaMKII) and its alpha isoform (pCaMKIIα). For detection of intraepidermal nerve fibers polyclonal antiserum against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used. The results showed that CaMKII was expressed in the skin of both diabetic models. Total CaMKII was uniformly distributed throughout the epidermis and pCaMKIIα was limited to stratum granulosum. The tCaMKII and pCaMKIIα were not expressed in intraepidermal nerve fibers. Two weeks after induction of diabetes in rats there were no significant differences in expression of tCaMKII and pCaMKIIα between DM1 and DM2 compared to respective controls. In the 2-month experiments, significant increase in epidermal expression of tCaMKII and pCaMKIIα was observed in DM1 animals compared to controls, but not in DM2 animals. This study is the first description of cutaneous CaMKII expression pattern in a diabetic model. CaMKII could play a role in transformation of skin layers and contribute to cutaneous diabetic changes. Further research on physiological role of CaMKII in skin and its role in cutaneous diabetic complications should be undertaken in order to elucidate its function in epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Boric
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Antonia Jelicic Kadic
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Kim C, Barbut D, Heinemann MH, Pasternak G, Rosenblatt MI. Synthetic neurotensin analogues are nontoxic analgesics for the rabbit cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:3586-93. [PMID: 24825106 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the analgesic potency and toxicity of topical synthetic neurotensin analogues, and localize neurotensin receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglion. METHODS Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry was performed on the rabbit cornea to test the analgesic dose response and duration of effect for two synthetic neurotensin analogues: NT71 and NT72. Receptors for neurotensin were localized in the murine cornea and trigeminal ganglion using quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro toxicity of NT71, NT72, and sodium channel blockers was evaluated using cytotoxicity, single-cell migration, and scratch closure assays performed on rabbit corneal epithelial cells. In vivo toxicity of these agents was assessed using a rabbit laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) model and histology. RESULTS NT71 and NT72 induced potent analgesic effects on the rabbit cornea at concentrations between 1.0 and 2.5 mg/mL, lasting up to 180 minutes. A site-specific distribution of neurotensin receptors was observed in the murine cornea and trigeminal ganglion. NT71 and NT72 did not cause any significant in vitro or in vivo toxicity, in contrast to sodium channel blockers. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic neurotensin analogues are potent analgesics that avoid the toxicities associated with established topical analgesic agents. Receptors for neurotensin are present in both the cornea and trigeminal ganglion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kim
- Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Denise Barbut
- Sarentis Therapeutics, Inc., New York, New York, United States
| | - Murk H Heinemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gavril Pasternak
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
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Bove D, Lupoli A, Caccavale S, Piccolo V, Ruocco E. Dermatological and immunological conditions due to nerve lesions. FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 28:83-91. [PMID: 24125557 DOI: 10.11138/fneur/2013.28.2.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some syndromes are of interest to both neurologists and dermatologists, because cutaneous involvement may harbinger symptoms of a neurological disease. The aim of this review is to clarify this aspect. The skin, because of its relationships with the peripheral sensory nervous system, autonomic nervous system and central nervous system, constitutes a neuroimmunoendocrine organ. The skin contains numerous neuropeptides released from sensory nerves. Neuropeptides play a precise role in cutaneous physiology and pathophysiology, and in certain skin diseases. A complex dysregulation of neuropeptides is a feature of some diseases of both dermatological and neurological interest (e.g. cutaneous and nerve lesions following herpes zoster infection, cutaneous manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome, trigeminal trophic syndrome). Dermatologists need to know when a patient should be referred to a neurologist and should consider this option in those presenting with syndromes of unclear etiology.
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Shah PP, Desai PR, Patlolla R, Klevans L, Singh M. Effect of combination of hydrophilic and lipophilic permeation enhancers on the skin permeation of kahalalide F. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:760-8. [PMID: 24697673 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of combination of various lipophilic and hydrophilic chemical enhancers on skin delivery of kahalalide F (KF). METHODS KF formulations comprising a combination of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemical enhancers with varied per cent were prepared and evaluated for skin permeation studies. In vitro skin permeation of KF formulations was performed using Franz diffusion cell. Stability studies of KF formulations were performed according to the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guideline, and the therapeutic efficacy of KF formulation was evaluated using allergic contact dermatitis animal model. KEY FINDINGS The efficacy of KF formulations to improve skin delivery of KF was sequenced in the order of: formulation #4 > formulation #2 > formulation #1 > formulation #3, where formulation #4 contains labrasol (40% w/v), ethyl oleate (5% w/v) and span 80 (5% w/v) along with transcutol (40% w/v) and ethanol (10% w/v). Further, all the formulations were stable for 1 month when stored at 30°C/65% relative humidity. CONCLUSIONS The results of present study suggest that therapeutically effective concentrations of KF can be delivered in the skin using combination of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemical enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit P Shah
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Pinheiro AR, Paramos-de-Carvalho D, Certal M, Costa MA, Costa C, Magalhães-Cardoso MT, Ferreirinha F, Sévigny J, Correia-de-Sá P. Histamine induces ATP release from human subcutaneous fibroblasts, via pannexin-1 hemichannels, leading to Ca2+ mobilization and cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27571-27583. [PMID: 23918924 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.460865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the regulation of connective tissue ATP-mediated mechano-transduction and remodeling may be an important link to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. It has been demonstrated that mast cell-derived histamine plays an important role in painful fibrotic diseases. Here we analyzed the involvement of ATP in the response of human subcutaneous fibroblasts to histamine. Acute histamine application caused a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) and ATP release from human subcutaneous fibroblasts via H1 receptor activation. Histamine-induced [Ca(2+)]i rise was partially attenuated by apyrase, an enzyme that inactivates extracellular ATP, and by blocking P2 purinoceptors with pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo(benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt and reactive blue 2. [Ca(2+)]i accumulation caused by histamine was also reduced upon blocking pannexin-1 hemichannels with (10)Panx, probenecid, or carbenoxolone but not when connexin hemichannels were inhibited with mefloquine or 2-octanol. Brefeldin A, an inhibitor of vesicular exocytosis, also did not block histamine-induced [Ca(2+)]i mobilization. Prolonged exposure of human subcutaneous fibroblast cultures to histamine favored cell growth and type I collagen synthesis via the activation of H1 receptor. This effect was mimicked by ATP and its metabolite, ADP, whereas the selective P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2179, partially attenuated histamine-induced cell growth and type I collagen production. Expression of pannexin-1 and ADP-sensitive P2Y1 receptor on human subcutaneous fibroblasts was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis. In conclusion, histamine induces ATP release from human subcutaneous fibroblasts, via pannexin-1 hemichannels, leading to [Ca(2+)]i mobilization and cell growth through the cooperation of H1 and P2 (probably P2Y1) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB); Área Técnico-Científica de Fisioterapia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Diogo Paramos-de-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB)
| | - Mariana Certal
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB)
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB); Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB)
| | | | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB)
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB).
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Differentiated Adipose-derived Stem Cells Promote Reinnervation of Rat Skin Flaps. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2013; 1:e22. [PMID: 25289216 PMCID: PMC4173820 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0b013e318299134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory recovery of skin flaps is generally poor unless they are elevated as an innervated flap. The aim of this study was to elucidate if Schwann cell (SC)-like cells differentiated from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) could improve the cutaneous nerve regeneration in skin flaps. METHODS Microvascular island groin flaps were elevated bilaterally in 32 Lewis rats. On the right flap, the epigastric nerve was resected and ligated (noninnervated flap), and on the left flap, the nerve was crushed (innervated flap). ASCs, SC-like cells differentiated from ASCs (dASCs), SCs, or vehicle were simultaneously injected to the dermal and hypodermal layers of flap. After 20 weeks, the reinnervation pattern of flap was assessed immunohistochemically using a neuronal marker, PGP9.5. RESULTS dASC cultures produced significantly higher amount of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor compared with ASC cultures (P < 0.01), and the level was comparable to that of SC cultures. Although a long-term survival of the transplanted cells was not found, dASCs and SCs significantly increased reinnervation density in the periphery of both types of flaps (P < 0.05), and this effect was more pronounced in noninnervated flaps. On the other hand, ASC transplantation showed no statistically significant effect on the peripheral reinnervation (P > 0.05). In the center of flap, there was no statistically significant increase in reinnervation density in all groups irrespective of flap innervation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS dASCs could improve flap reinnervation by 2 mechanisms: First, neurotrophic factors produced by dASCs facilitated regrowth of cutaneous axons from the surroundings of flap. Second, nerve growth factor released by dASCs induced the collateral sprouting of undamaged axons in adjacent tissues. In addition to the use of innervated flaps, dASC transplantation therapy could be a new approach to improve the sensory recovery of skin flaps.
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Liu N, Wang LH, Guo LL, Wang GQ, Zhou XP, Jiang Y, Shang J, Murao K, Chen JW, Fu WQ, Zhang GX. Chronic restraint stress inhibits hair growth via substance P mediated by reactive oxygen species in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61574. [PMID: 23637859 PMCID: PMC3637209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Solid evidence has demonstrated that psychoemotional stress induced alteration of hair cycle through neuropeptide substance P (SP) mediated immune response, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain-skin-axis regulation system remains unknown. Objectives The present study aims to investigate possible mechanisms of ROS in regulation of SP-mast cell signal pathway in chronic restraint stress (CRS, a model of chronic psychoemotional stress) which induced abnormal of hair cycle. Methods and Results Our results have demonstrated that CRS actually altered hair cycle by inhibiting hair follicle growth in vivo, prolonging the telogen stage and delaying subsequent anagen and catagen stage. Up-regulation of SP protein expression in cutaneous peripheral nerve fibers and activation of mast cell were observed accompanied with increase of lipid peroxidation levels and reduction of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in CRS mice skin. In addition, SP receptor antagonist (RP67580) reduced mast cell activations and lipid peroxidation levels as well as increased GSH-Px activity and normalized hair cycle. Furthermore, antioxidant Tempol (a free radical scavenger) also restored hair cycle, reduced SP protein expression and mast cell activation. Conclusions Our study provides the first solid evidence for how ROS play a role in regulation of psychoemotional stress induced SP-Mast cell pathway which may provide a convincing rationale for antioxidant application in clinical treatment with psychological stress induced hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jing-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suzhou Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Fu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GXZ); (WQF)
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GXZ); (WQF)
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Ferrari LF, Levine E, Levine JD. Role of a novel nociceptor autocrine mechanism in chronic pain. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1705-13. [PMID: 23379641 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown, in the rat, that neuropathic and inflammatory events produce a neuroplastic change in nociceptor function whereby a subsequent exposure to a proinflammatory mediator (e.g. prostaglandin E2 ; PGE2 ) produces markedly prolonged mechanical hyperalgesia. While the initial approximately 30 min of this prolonged PGE2 hyperalgesia remains PKA-dependent, it subsequently switches to become dependent on protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε). In this study we tested the hypothesis that the delayed onset, PKCε-mediated, component of PGE2 hyperalgesia is generated by the active release of a nucleotide from the peripheral terminal of the primed nociceptor and this nucleotide is then metabolized to produce adenosine, which acts on a Gi-coupled A1 adenosine receptor on the nociceptor to generate PKCε-dependent hyperalgesia. We report that inhibitors of ATP-binding cassette transporters, of ecto-5'-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5'nucleotidase (enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclic nucleotides to adenosine) and of A1 adenosine receptors each eliminated the late, but not the early, phase of PGE2 -induced hyperalgesia in primed animals. A second model of chronic pain induced by transient attenuation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, in which the prolongation of PGE2 hyperalgesia is not PKCε-dependent, was not attenuated by inhibitors of any of these mechanisms. Based on these results we propose a contribution of an autocrine mechanism, in the peripheral terminal of the nociceptor, in the hyperalgesic priming model of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Ferrari
- Division of Neuroscience, Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0440, USA
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Pi LQ, Jin XH, Hwang ST, Lee WS. Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on the immune privilege of human hair follicles. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:51-7. [PMID: 22975462 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The hair follicle is a widely available and instructive miniature organ in the human body that experiences major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I dependent immune privilege (IP). There are various regulation factors that act on the generation, maintenance, and collapse of hair follicle IP. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are created in many organs, including skin, and display various immune regulation effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic effect of CGRP on the hair follicle's IP. First, we used interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to generate ectopic MHC antigen expression model in cultured human hair follicles as previously described. Then, we examined the effects of CGRP on the regulation of ectopic MHC antigen expression in cultured human hair follicles using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining techniques. IFN-γ (75 IU/ml) induced ectopic MHC expression. CGRP down-regulated INF-γ-induced ectopic MHC class I mRNA expression. These down-regulated effects were especially evident in 10(-8)M. In addition, CGRP also suppressed the staining intensity related to the expression of MHC class I and MHC class I-pathway related molecules (β2-microglobulin), but had no effect on MHC class II antigen expression. Taken together, these results indicate that CGRP might be an important regulatory factor for IP maintenance and restoration of IP via suppression of MHC class I antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Quan Pi
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Ultraviolet radiation effects on the proteome of skin cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 990:111-9. [PMID: 23378007 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic studies to date have had limited use as an investigative tool in the skin's response to UV radiation. These studies used cell lines and reconstructed skin and have shown evidence of cell injury with oxidative damage and stress induced heat shock proteins. Others changes included altered cytokeratin and cytoskeletal proteins with enhanced expression of TRIM29 as the keratinocytes regenerate. The associated DNA repair requires polη, Rad18/Rad16 and Rev1. In the whole animal these events would be associated with inflammation, remodelling of the epidermis and modulation of the immune response. Longer term changes include ageing and skin cancers such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. In the future proteomics will be used to explore these important aspects of photobiology. Better characterisation of the proteins involved should lead to a greater understanding of the skin's response to UV radiation.
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Diehl C. Article Commentary: OB-GYN Surgeries: Why We Should Recommend to Our Patients a Preventive Management for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.4137/cmwh.s9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As with all surgical specialties, gynecologists and obstetricians routinely employ surgical interventions, depending on the exact nature of the problem that they are treating. Surgery is the mainstay of gynecological therapies, and in obstetrics, surgery is frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Diehl
- Department of Dermatology, UNC National University, Cordoba, Argentina
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Chronically relapsing pruritic dermatitis in the rats treated as neonate with capsaicin; a potential rat model of human atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 67:111-9. [PMID: 22721998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic pruritic skin diseases, e.g. atopic dermatitis (AD), and effective therapies remain elusive due to the paucity of animal models. Recently, we rediscovered that injection of capsaicin into rat pups resulted in vigorous scratching behavior and chronically relapsing AD-like cutaneous lesions well into adulthood. OBJECTIVES To characterize the chronic pruritic dermatitis induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment. METHODS Capsaicin (50mg/kg) was given to rat pups subcutaneously within 48 h after birth, and then scratching behavior, dermatitis and pathophysiological changes of rat skin were investigated chronologically. RESULTS Neonatal capsaicin treatment led to not only severe scratching and cutaneous lesions but also a large number of pathophysiological changes in the skin, such as histopathological changes including the deficiency of epidermal filaggrin expression, increases in the number of mast cells, levels of tissue NGF and Th2 cytokine mRNA, impaired skin barrier function and colonization with S. aureus. In addition, we observed the hyperproduction of serum IgE, which is clinically similar to the pathophysiology seen in the patients with atopic dermatitis. During the follow-up observation, the rats showed the alternative periods of relapsing and remitting skin lesions. CONCLUSION Injection of capsaicin into rat pups results in chronically relapsing pruritic dermatitis, similar to human AD. Therefore, we think neonatal capsaicin treatment could be a useful model for studying human AD and for the development of novel therapeutic drugs.
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Chen D, Jarrell A, Guo C, Lang R, Atit R. Dermal β-catenin activity in response to epidermal Wnt ligands is required for fibroblast proliferation and hair follicle initiation. Development 2012; 139:1522-33. [PMID: 22434869 DOI: 10.1242/dev.076463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are required for structural integrity of the skin and for hair follicle development. Uniform Wnt signaling activity is present in dermal fibroblast precursors preceding hair follicle initiation, but the functional requirement of dermal Wnt signaling at early stages of skin differentiation and patterning remains largely uncharacterized. We show in mice that epidermal Wnt ligands are required for uniform dermal Wnt signaling/β-catenin activity and regulate fibroblast cell proliferation and initiation of hair follicle placodes. In the absence of dermal Wnt signaling/β-catenin activity, patterned upregulation of epidermal β-catenin activity and Edar expression are absent. Conversely, forced activation of β-catenin signaling leads to the formation of thickened dermis, enlarged epidermal placodes and dermal condensates that result in prematurely differentiated enlarged hair follicles. These data reveal functional roles for dermal Wnt signaling/β-catenin in fibroblast proliferation and in the epidermal hair follicle initiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Chen
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Furtado F, Hochman B, Farber PL, Muller MC, Hayashi LF, Ferreira LM. Psychological stress as a risk factor for postoperative keloid recurrence. J Psychosom Res 2012; 72:282-7. [PMID: 22405222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate psychological stress on the prognosis of the postoperative recurrence of keloids. METHODS Patients with keloids (n=25), candidates for surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy, had their psychological stress evaluated on the day before the surgical procedure. The parameters evaluated were pain and itching (Visual Numerical Scale), quality of life (Questionnaire QualiFibro/Cirurgia Plástica-UNIFESP), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression and anxiety (Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale), salivary cortisol and minimum and maximum galvanic skin responses (GSR) at rest and under stress (i.e., while the questionnaires were being filled out). Patients were evaluated during the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months of postoperative care. During each return visit, two experts classified the lesions as non-recurrent and recurrent. RESULTS The recurrence group presented the greatest values in GSR during a stressful situation. The chance of recurrence increased by 34% at each increase of 1000 arbitrary units in maximum GSR during stress. CONCLUSION Psychological stress influenced the recurrence of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabianne Furtado
- Postgraduate Program in Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Shah PP, Desai PR, Patel AR, Singh MS. Skin permeating nanogel for the cutaneous co-delivery of two anti-inflammatory drugs. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1607-17. [PMID: 22118820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an effective drug delivery system for the simultaneous topical delivery of two anti-inflammatory drugs, spantide II (SP) and ketoprofen (KP). To achieve this primary goal, we have developed a skin permeating nanogel system (SPN) containing surface modified polymeric bilayered nanoparticles along with a gelling agent. Poly-(lactide-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan were used to prepare bilayered nanoparticles (NPS) and the surface was modified with oleic acid (NPSO). Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol with the desired viscosity were utilized to prepare the nanogels. The nanogel system was further investigated for in vitro skin permeation, drug release and stability studies. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and psoriatic plaque like model were used to assess the effectiveness of SPN. Dispersion of NPSO in HPMC (SPN) produced a stable and uniform dispersion. In vitro permeation studies revealed increase in deposition of SP for the SP-SPN or SP+KP-SPN in the epidermis and dermis by 8.5 and 9.5 folds, respectively than SP-gel. Further, the deposition of KP for KP-SPN or SP+KP-SPN in epidermis and dermis was 9.75 and 11.55 folds higher, respectively than KP-gel. Similarly the amount of KP permeated for KP-SPN or SP+KP-SPN was increased by 9.92 folds than KP-gel. The ear thickness in ACD model and the expression of IL-17 and IL-23; PASI score and TEWL values in psoriatic plaque like model were significantly less (p < 0.001) for SPN compared to control gel. Our results suggest that SP+KP-SPN have significant potential for the percutaneous delivery of SP and KP to the deeper skin layers for treatment of various skin inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit P Shah
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Shah PP, Desai PR, Singh M. Effect of oleic acid modified polymeric bilayered nanoparticles on percutaneous delivery of spantide II and ketoprofen. J Control Release 2011; 158:336-45. [PMID: 22134117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oleic acid modified polymeric bilayered nanoparticles (NPS) on combined delivery of two anti-inflammatory drugs, spantide II (SP) and ketoprofen (KP) on the skin permeation. NPS were prepared using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan. SP and KP were encapsulated in different layers alone or/and in combination (KP-NPS, SP-NPS and SP+KP-NPS). The surface of NPS was modified with oleic acid (OA) ('Nanoease' technology) using an established procedure in the laboratory (KP-NPS-OA, SP-NPS-OA and SP+KP-NPS-OA). Fluorescent dyes (DiO and DID) containing surface modified (DiO-NPS-OA and DID-NPS-OA) and unmodified NPS (DiO-NPS and DID-NPS) were visualized in lateral rat skin sections using confocal microscopy and Raman confocal spectroscopy after skin permeation. In vitro skin permeation was performed in dermatomed human skin and HPLC was used to analyze the drug levels in different skin layers. Further, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) model was used to evaluate the response of KP-NPS, SP-NPS, SP+KP-NPS, KP-NPS-OA, SP-NPS-OA and SP+KP-NPS-OA treatment in C57BL/6 mice. The fluorescence from OA modified NPS was observed up to a depth of 240μm and was significantly higher as compared to non-modified NPS. The amount of SP and KP retained in skin layers from OA modified NPS increased by several folds compared to unmodified NPS and control solution. In addition, the combination index value calculated from ACD response for solution suggested an additive effect and moderate synergism for NPS-OA. Our results strongly suggest that surface modification of bilayered nanoparticles with oleic acid improved drug delivery to the deeper skin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit P Shah
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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van Diest SA, Stanisor OI, Boeckxstaens GE, de Jonge WJ, van den Wijngaard RM. Relevance of mast cell-nerve interactions in intestinal nociception. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:74-84. [PMID: 21496484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk between the immune- and nervous-system is considered an important biological process in health and disease. Because mast cells are often strategically placed between nerves and surrounding (immune)-cells they may function as important intermediate cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on bidirectional interaction between mast cells and nerves and its possible relevance in (inflammation-induced) increased nociception. Our main focus is on mast cell mediators involved in sensitization of TRP channels, thereby contributing to nociception, as well as neuron-released neuropeptides and their effects on mast cell activation. Furthermore we discuss mechanisms involved in physical mast cell-nerve interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A van Diest
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Naono-Nakayama R, Sunakawa N, Ikeda T, Matsushima O, Nishimori T. Subcutaneous injection of endokinin C/D attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammation. Peptides 2010; 31:1767-71. [PMID: 20638946 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endokinins, encoded by the human preprotachykinin C (PPT-C)/TAC4 gene, are peptides that consist of endokinin A (EKA), B (EKB), C (EKC) and D (EKD) and belong to the tachykinin family. Intrathecal injection of EKC/D (using the common carboxyl-terminal duodecapeptide in EKC and EKD) markedly attenuated the induction of thermal hyperalgesia and scratching behavior by intrathecal administration of substance P (SP), indicating that EKC/D has an antagonistic effect on the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), SP-preferring receptor, at the spinal level; however, the pharmacological function of EKC/D at the periphery is not yet understood. Therefore, to clarify the effect of EKC/D on the peripheral tissue, the effect of subcutaneous injection of EKC/D on carrageenan-induced inflammation was examined. Subcutaneous injection of EKC/D attenuated an increase in paw volume following carrageenan-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Indeed, the increased paw volume was significantly decreased 40 min after treatment with 10(-4) M (10 nmol) and 10(-3) M (100 nmol) EKC/D (100 microl/rat). Similarly, injection of NK1R antagonists such as L-703,606 and Spantide I (10(-3) M) attenuated the increased paw volume following inflammation. Furthermore, the reduced withdrawal latency evoked by inflammation following subcutaneous injection of carrageenan was also dose-dependently attenuated by EKC/D administration. These results indicate that subcutaneous injection of EKC/D elicits an anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Naono-Nakayama
- Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Abstract
Pruritus (itch) is a major characteristic and one of the most debilitating symptoms in allergic and atopic diseases and the diagnostic hallmark of atopic dermatitis. Pruritus is regularly defined as an unpleasant sensation provoking the desire to scratch. Although we achieved rather good knowledge about certain inducers of itch such as neuropeptides, amines, mu-opioids, cytokines and proteases, for example, less is known about the pathophysiological specifities among the different diseases, and the therapeutic consequences which may derive thereoff. This review dissects the role of mediators, receptors and itch inhibitors on peripheral nerve endings, dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord and the CNS leading to the amplification or - vice versa - suppression of pruritus. As the treatment of pruritus in allergic and atopic skin disease is still not satisfactory, knowing these pathways and mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this frequently encountered skin symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buddenkotte
- Deparment of Dermatology, Boltzmann Institute for Cell- and Immunobiology of Skin, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Bak H, Lee WJ, Lee YW, Chang SE, Choi JH, Kim MN, Kim BJ, Choi YS, Suh HS. Expression of neuropeptides and their degrading enzymes in ACD. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35:318-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A new effective scaffold to facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration: Chitosan tube coated with maggot homogenate product. Med Hypotheses 2010; 74:12-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Morphine-induced early delays in wound closure: involvement of sensory neuropeptides and modification of neurokinin receptor expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1747-55. [PMID: 19428329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dose-limiting side effects of centrally acting opioid drugs have led to the use of topical opioids to reduce the pain associated with chronic cutaneous wounds. However, previous studies indicate that topical morphine application impairs wound healing. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms by which morphine delays wound closure. Rats were depleted of sensory neuropeptides by treatment with capsaicin, and full-thickness 4-mm diameter wounds were excised from the intrascapular region. Wounds were treated topically twice daily with 5mM morphine sulfate, 1mM substance P, 1mM neurokinin A, or 5mM morphine combined with 1mM substance P or neurokinin A and wound areas assessed. During closure, wound tissue was taken 1, 3, 5, and 8 days post-wounding from control and morphine-treated rats and immunostained for neurokinin receptors and markers for macrophages, myofibroblasts, and vasculature. Results obtained from capsaicin-treated animals demonstrated a significant delay in the early stages of wound contraction that was reversed by neuropeptide application. Treatment of capsaicin-treated rats with topical morphine did not further delay wound closure, suggesting that topical opioids impair wound closure via the inhibition of peripheral neuropeptide release into the healing wound. Morphine application altered neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-2 receptor expression in inflammatory and parenchymal cells essential for wound healing in a cell-specific manner, demonstrating a direct effect of morphine on neurokinin receptor regulation within an array of cells involved in wound healing. These data provide evidence indicating a potentially detrimental effect of topical morphine application on the dynamic wound healing process.
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Erin N, Afacan B, Ersoy Y, Ercan F, Balcı MK. Gibberellic acid, a plant growth regulator, increases mast cell recruitment and alters Substance P levels. Toxicology 2008; 254:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Role of calcium in substance P-induced chemokine synthesis in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1339-48. [PMID: 18493246 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Substance P (SP) and chemokines play critical roles in acute pancreatitis. SP elevates cytosolic calcium in pancreatic acinar cells and elevated cytosolic calcium is thought to be an early event in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. SP induces production of chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and MIP-2 in pancreatic acinar cells, however the exact mechanism by which SP stimulates the production of these pro-inflammatory mediators remain undetermined. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of calcium in SP-induced chemokine production in pancreatic acinar cells and to establish the signal transduction mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH An in vitro model of isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells was used. Western blotting analysis, ELISA and calcium measurement were performed. KEY RESULTS SP increased chemokine secretion through the activation of PKCalpha/betaII, MAPKinases (ERK and JNK), NFkappaB and AP-1 in pancreatic acinar cells. These effects were blocked by pretreatment of the cells with the specific calcium chelator BAPTA-AM. Moreover, SP-induced activation of PKCalpha/betaII, ERK, JNK, NF-kappaB, AP-1 and chemokine production was inhibited by the specific phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SP-induced chemokine production in pancreatic acinar cells resulted from PLC-induced elevated intracellular calcium and PKCalpha/betaII activation, subsequently leading to the activation of MAPKinases (ERK and JNK) and transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1. The present study demonstrates the critical role of calcium in SP-induced chemokine production in pancreatic acinar cells. Drugs targeting the SP-calcium mediated signaling pathways could prove beneficial in improving the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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Muangman P, Tamura RN, Muffley LA, Isik FF, Scott JR, Xie C, Kegel G, Sullivan SR, Liang Z, Gibran NS. Substance P enhances wound closure in nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. J Surg Res 2008; 153:201-9. [PMID: 18952239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuropeptide, substance P (SP), up-regulates nitric oxide production (NO). The purpose of this study was to determine whether SP enhances response to cutaneous injury in nitric oxide synthase knockout (NOS null) mice. METHODS We studied mice with targeted deletions of the 3 NOS genes, neuronal NOS, inducible NOS, or endothelial NOS. Full thickness dorsal wounds were treated daily (d 0-6) with topical SP or normal saline (NaCl). Wounds were analyzed by flow cytometry for macrophage, leukocyte, endothelial, and dendritic cells. Healing time and wound epithelialization were compared using analysis of variance. RESULTS Wound closure in the 3 NOS null mice was slower than the control mice (P < 0.05). SP treatment enhanced wound closure in NOS null mice (P < 0.02). NOS null wounds exhibited reduced inflammation. SP increased macrophage, leukocyte, and dendritic cell densities at d 3 and d 7 (P < 0.05) in all NOS null mice. SP increased endothelial cell number in neuronal NOS and inducible NOS null mice, but not in endothelial NOS null mice (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SP ameliorated the impaired wound healing response observed in NOS null mice by enhancing wound closure kinetics and epithelialization. SP increased inflammatory cell density in the wounds supporting the essential role of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, in wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornprom Muangman
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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