1
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Ningthoujam R, Pinyakong O. Exploring di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate degradation by a synthetic marine bacterial consortium: Genomic insights, pathway and interaction prediction, and application in sediment microcosms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134557. [PMID: 38735188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a toxic phthalate ester (PAE) plasticizer, is often detected in marine sediment and biota. Our understanding of DEHP-degrading marine bacteria and the associated genetic mechanisms is limited. This study established a synthetic bacterial consortium (A02) consisting of three marine bacteria (OR05, OR16, and OR21). Consortium A02 outperformed the individual strains in DEHP degradation. Investigations into the degradation of DEHP intermediates revealed that OR05 and OR16 likely contributed to enhanced DEHP degradation by Consortium A02 via the utilization of DEHP intermediates, such as protocatechuic acid and mono (ethylhexyl) phthalate, with OR21 as the key DEHP degrader. A pathway of DEHP degradation by Consortium A02 was predicted based on genome analysis and experimental degradation. Bioaugmentation with Consortium A02 led to 80% DEHP degradation in 26 days in saline sediment (100 mg/kg), surpassing the 53% degradation by indigenous microbes, indicating the potential of A02 for treating DEHP-contaminated sediments. Meanwhile, bioaugmentation notably changed the bacterial community, with the exclusive presence of certain bacterial genera in the A02 bioaugmented microcosms, and was predicted to result in a more dynamic and active sediment bacterial community. This study contributes to the limited literature on DEHP degradation by marine bacteria and their associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Ningthoujam
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onruthai Pinyakong
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Program on Remediation Technologies for Petroleum Contamination, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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2
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Aghadadashi V, Mehdinia A, Rezaei M, Molaei S, Seyed Hashtroudi M, Ahmadian F, Hamzehpour A, Rahnama R. Basin scale monitoring of microplastics and phthalates in sediments from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Makran using GIS-based algorithms: Insights towards spatial variation and potential risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171950. [PMID: 38537822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Information on sedimentary microplastics and phthalates has been restricted to the coastal regions of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Makran. Our basin-wide study monitored their levels, spatial behaviors, and potential risks using GIS-based techniques. Microplastics and phthalates ranged from 5 to 75 particles/kg d.w and 0.004-1.219 μg g-1 d.w, respectively. Microplastics were in the size category of 100 μm to 3 mm, and black microfibers (< 1 mm) and high-density polymers were dominant. The total number of microplastics was between 356.333 × 1012 and 469.075 × 1012 particles in the surface sediments of the studied regions (confidence interval = 99 %). Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and Di-isobutyl phthalate contributed 88 % of detected phthalates. Significant correlations among microplastic abundance, total phthalates, and DEHP were distinguished (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings reiterated the widespread presence of microplastics and a potential link between phthalates and microplastics. Semi-variogram, cluster Voronoi polygons, and Trend analysis identified spatial outliers and major deposition sites of microplastics and phthalates and consequently outlined the localities where upcoming studies should be concentrated. A hotspot of potential risks was marked using Fuzzy logic and GIS-based algorithms in the Sea of Makran, covering an area equal to 342. 99 km2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Aghadadashi
- Department of Marine Living Science, Ocean Science Research Center, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, INIOA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Department of Marine Living Science, Ocean Science Research Center, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, INIOA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdie Rezaei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Molaei
- Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Seyed Hashtroudi
- Department of Marine Living Science, Ocean Science Research Center, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, INIOA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadian
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hamzehpour
- Department of Marine Living Science, Ocean Science Research Center, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, INIOA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahnama
- Department of Marine Living Science, Ocean Science Research Center, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, INIOA, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Vural C, Ettadili H. Biodegradation of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid by Comamonas testosteroni strains. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01176-x. [PMID: 38809402 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid isomers are the monomers of phthalate molecules, also known as phthalic acid esters, widely employed in the plastics industry. This study aims to investigate the biodegradation of phthalic acid (PA) and terephthalic acid (TPA) by five industry-borne Comamonas testosteroni strains: 3APTOL, 3ABBK, 2B, 3A1, and C8. To assess the ability of C. testosteroni strains to biodegrade phthalic acid isomers in fermentation media, an analytical method was employed, consisting of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Subsequently, molecular screening of the genomic and plasmid DNA was conducted to identify the degradative genes responsible for the breakdown of these chemicals. The genes of interest, including ophA2, tphA2, tphA3, pmdA, and pmdB, were screened by real-time PCR. The five C. testosteroni strains effectively degraded 100% of 100 mg/L PA (p = 0.033) and TPA (p = 0.0114). Molecular analyses indicated that all C. testosteroni strains contained the pertinent genes at different levels within their genomes and plasmids, as reflected in the threshold cycle (Ct) values. Additionally, DNA temperature of melting (Tm) analyses uncovered minor differences between groups of genes in genomic and plasmid DNA. C. testosteroni strains could be excellent candidates for the removal of phthalic acid isomers from environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Vural
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Pamukkale University, 20160, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Hamza Ettadili
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Pamukkale University, 20160, Denizli, Turkey
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4
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Feng NX, Li DW, Zhang F, Bin H, Huang YT, Xiang L, Liu BL, Cai QY, Li YW, Xu DL, Xie Y, Mo CH. Biodegradation of phthalate acid esters and whole-genome analysis of a novel Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133972. [PMID: 38461665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most extensively used phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and is considered to be an emerging, globally concerning pollutant. The genus Streptomyces holds promise as a degrader of various organic pollutants, but PAE biodegradation mechanisms by Streptomyces species remain unsolved. In this study, a novel PAE-degrading Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats efficiently degraded various PAEs. FZ201 had strong resilience against DBP and exhibited immediate degradation, with kinetics adhering to a first-order model. The comprehensive biodegradation of DBP involves de-esterification, β-oxidation, trans-esterification, and aromatic ring cleavage. FZ201 contains numerous catabolic genes that potentially facilitate PAE biodegradation. The DBP metabolic pathway was reconstructed by genome annotation and intermediate identification. Streptomyces species have an open pangenome with substantial genome expansion events during the evolutionary process, enabling extensive genetic diversity and highly plastic genomes within the Streptomyces genus. FZ201 had a diverse array of highly expressed genes associated with the degradation of PAEs, potentially contributing significantly to its adaptive advantage and efficiency of PAE degradation. Thus, FZ201 is a promising candidate for remediating highly PAE-contaminated environments. These findings enhance our preliminary understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by Streptomyces for the removal of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Xian Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Bin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Tong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - De-Lin Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunchang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Zhao E, Xiong X, Li X, Hu H, Wu C. Effect of Biofilm Forming on the Migration of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate from PVC Plastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6326-6334. [PMID: 38551364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plastic additives, represented by plasticizers, are important components of plastic pollution. Biofilms inevitably form on plastic surfaces when plastic enters the aqueous environment. However, little is known about the effect of biofilms on plastic surfaces on the release of additives therein. In this study, PVC plastics with different levels of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) content were investigated to study the effect of biofilm growth on DEHP release. The presence of biofilms promoted the migration of DEHP from PVC plastics to the external environment. Relative to biofilm-free controls, although the presence of surface biofilm resulted in 0.8 to 11.6 times lower DEHP concentrations in water, the concentrations of the degradation product, monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) in water, were 2.3 to 57.3 times higher. When the total release amounts of DEHP in the biofilm and in the water were combined, they were increased by 0.6-73 times after biofilm growth. However, most of the released DEHP was adsorbed in the biofilms and was subsequently degraded. The results of this study suggest that the biofilm as a new interface between plastics and the surrounding environment can affect the transport and transformation of plastic additives in the environment through barrier, adsorption, and degradation. Future research endeavors should aim to explore the transport dynamics and fate of plastic additives under various biofilm compositions as well as evaluate the ecological risks associated with their enrichment by biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Yanqihu East Rd, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, PR China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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6
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Pereyra‐Camacho MA, Pardo I. Plastics and the Sustainable Development Goals: From waste to wealth with microbial recycling and upcycling. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14459. [PMID: 38588222 PMCID: PMC11001195 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics pollution has become one of the greatest concerns of the 21st century. To date, around 10 billion tons of plastics have been produced almost exclusively from non-renewable sources, and of these, <10% have been recycled. The majority of discarded plastic waste (>70%) is accumulating in landfills or the environment, causing severe impacts to natural ecosystems and human health. Considering how plastics are present in every aspect of our daily lives, it is evident that a transition towards a Circular Economy of plastics is essential to achieve several of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this editorial, we highlight how microbial biotechnology can contribute to this shift, with a special focus on the biological recycling of conventional plastics and the upcycling of plastic-waste feedstocks into new value-added products. Although important hurdles will need to be overcome in this endeavour, recent success stories highlight how interdisciplinary approaches can bring us closer to a bio-based economy for the sustainable management of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Pereyra‐Camacho
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
- Interdisciplinary Platform SusPlast, CSICMadridSpain
| | - Isabel Pardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
- Interdisciplinary Platform SusPlast, CSICMadridSpain
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7
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Tuli A, Suresh G, Halder N, Velpandian T. Analysis and remediation of phthalates in aquatic matrices: current perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23408-23434. [PMID: 38456985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are high production volume chemicals used extensively as plasticizers, to increase the flexibility of the main polymer. They are reported to leach into their surroundings from plastic products and are now a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Phthalate levels have been determined in several environmental matrices, especially in water. These levels serve as an indicator of plasticizer abuse and plastic pollution, and also serve as a route of exposure to different species including humans. Reports published on effects of different PAEs on experimental models demonstrate their carcinogenic, teratogenic, reproductive, and endocrine disruptive effects. Therefore, regular monitoring and remediation of environmental water samples is essential to ascertain their hazard quotient and daily exposure levels. This review summarises the extraction and detection techniques available for phthalate analysis in water samples such as chromatography, biosensors, immunoassays, and spectroscopy. Current remediation strategies for phthalate removal such as adsorption, advanced oxidation, and microbial degradation have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anannya Tuli
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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8
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Parida D, Katare K, Ganguly A, Chakraborty D, Konar O, Nogueira R, Bala K. Molecular docking and metagenomics assisted mitigation of microplastic pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141271. [PMID: 38262490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics, tiny, flimsy, and direct progenitors of principal and subsidiary plastics, cause environmental degradation in aquatic and terrestrial entities. Contamination concerns include irrevocable impacts, potential cytotoxicity, and negative health effects on mortals. The detection, recovery, and degradation strategies of these pollutants in various biota and ecosystems, as well as their impact on plants, animals, and humans, have been a topic of significant interest. But the natural environment is infested with several types of plastics, all having different chemical makeup, structure, shape, and origin. Plastic trash acts as a substrate for microbial growth, creating biofilms on the plastisphere surface. This colonizing microbial diversity can be glimpsed with meta-genomics, a culture-independent approach. Owing to its comprehensive description of microbial communities, genealogical evidence on unconventional biocatalysts or enzymes, genomic correlations, evolutionary profile, and function, it is being touted as one of the promising tools in identifying novel enzymes for the degradation of polymers. Additionally, computational tools such as molecular docking can predict the binding of these novel enzymes to the polymer substrate, which can be validated through in vitro conditions for its environmentally feasible applications. This review mainly deals with the exploration of metagenomics along with computational tools to provide a clearer perspective into the microbial potential in the biodegradation of microplastics. The computational tools due to their polymathic nature will be quintessential in identifying the enzyme structure, binding affinities of the prospective enzymes to the substrates, and foretelling of degradation pathways involved which can be quite instrumental in the furtherance of the plastic degradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Parida
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India.
| | - Konica Katare
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India.
| | - Atmaadeep Ganguly
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, 700118, India.
| | - Disha Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Shri Shikshayatan College, University of Calcutta, Lord Sinha Road, Kolkata, 700071, India.
| | - Oisi Konar
- Department of Botany, Shri Shikshayatan College, University of Calcutta, Lord Sinha Road, Kolkata, 700071, India.
| | - Regina Nogueira
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India.
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9
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Rashmi M, Singh T, Rajput NS, Kulshreshtha S. Biodegradation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by Bacillus firmus MP04 strain: parametric optimization using full factorial design. Biodegradation 2023; 34:567-579. [PMID: 37354272 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in making plastics and released from landfills. This study attempted to degrade DEHP using microbial isolates. Isolates of Bacillus spp. were tested for their efficacy in degrading DEHP. Degradation was assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The most efficient DEHP degradation was achieved by Bacillus firmus MP04, which has been identified as Bacillus firmus MP04. This strain was found to use DEHP as the sole source of carbon without carbon source supplementation. Full factorial design was used to optimize the conditions for DEHP degradation which revealed the suitability of pH 7, 5% salt concentration, 20 to 37 °C temperature, and yeast extract as a nitrogen source. LC-MS elucidated the possible degradation mechanism via benzoic acid formation. However, prolonged incubation formed a typical compound denatonium benzoate due to reactions with other compounds. As maximum degradation was achieved in 4 days, prolonged incubation is not suggested. It can be concluded that new strain Bacillus firmus MP04 is the most efficient strain among all the tested strains for DEHP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Rashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Singh Rajput
- Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Shweta Kulshreshtha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
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10
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Wilson AN, St John PC, Marin DH, Hoyt CB, Rognerud EG, Nimlos MR, Cywar RM, Rorrer NA, Shebek KM, Broadbelt LJ, Beckham GT, Crowley MF. PolyID: Artificial Intelligence for Discovering Performance-Advantaged and Sustainable Polymers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:8547-8557. [PMID: 38024155 PMCID: PMC10653284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A necessary transformation for a sustainable economy is the transition from fossil-derived plastics to polymers derived from biomass and waste resources. While renewable feedstocks can enhance material performance through unique chemical moieties, probing the vast material design space by experiment alone is not practically feasible. Here, we develop a machine-learning-based tool, PolyID, to reduce the design space of renewable feedstocks to enable efficient discovery of performance-advantaged, biobased polymers. PolyID is a multioutput, graph neural network specifically designed to increase accuracy and to enable quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analysis for polymers. It includes a novel domain-of-validity method that was developed and applied to demonstrate how gaps in training data can be filled to improve accuracy. The model was benchmarked with both a 20% held-out subset of the original training data and 22 experimentally synthesized polymers. A mean absolute error for the glass transition temperatures of 19.8 and 26.4 °C was achieved for the test and experimental data sets, respectively. Predictions were made on polymers composed of monomers from four databases that contain biologically accessible small molecules: MetaCyc, MINEs, KEGG, and BiGG. From 1.4 × 106 accessible biobased polymers, we identified five poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) analogues with predicted improvements to thermal and transport performance. Experimental validation for one of the PET analogues demonstrated a glass transition temperature between 85 and 112 °C, which is higher than PET and within the predicted range of the PolyID tool. In addition to accurate predictions, we show how the model's predictions are explainable through analysis of individual bond importance for a biobased nylon. Overall, PolyID can aid the biobased polymer practitioner to navigate the vast number of renewable polymers to discover sustainable materials with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nolan Wilson
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Peter C. St John
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniela H. Marin
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Caroline B. Hoyt
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Erik G. Rognerud
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Robin M. Cywar
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Rorrer
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin M. Shebek
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry
of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Linda J. Broadbelt
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Michael F. Crowley
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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11
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Cox A, Bomstein Z, Jayaraman A, Allred C. The intestinal microbiota as mediators between dietary contaminants and host health. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2131-2150. [PMID: 37997859 PMCID: PMC10800128 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231208486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota sit at an important interface between the host and the environment, and are exposed to a multitude of nutritive and non-nutritive substances. These microbiota are critical to maintaining host health, but their supportive roles may be compromised in response to endogenous compounds. Numerous non-nutritive substances are introduced through contaminated foods, with three common groups of contaminants being bisphenols, phthalates, and mycotoxins. The former contaminants are commonly introduced through food and/or beverages packaged in plastic, while mycotoxins contaminate various crops used to feed livestock and humans alike. Each group of contaminants have been shown to shift microbial communities following exposure; however, specific patterns in microbial responses have yet to be identified, and little is known about the capacity of the microbiota to metabolize these contaminants. This review characterizes the state of existing research related to gut microbial responses to and biotransformation of bisphenols, phthalates, and mycotoxins. Collectively, we highlight the need to identify consistent, contaminant-specific responses in microbial shifts, whether these community alterations are a result of contaminant effects on the host or microbiota directly, and to identify the extent of contaminant biotransformation by microbiota, including if these transformations occur in physiologically relevant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amon Cox
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zach Bomstein
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Clinton Allred
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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12
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Maurya AC, Bhattacharya A, Khare SK. Biodegradation of terephthalic acid using Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 3951: Insights into the degradation process, applications in wastewater treatment and polyhydroxyalkanoate production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30054-1. [PMID: 37794223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Terephthalic acid (TPA) is an endocrine disruptor widely used as a plasticizer and as a monomer in the manufacturing of PET bottles. However, because of various harmful effects on humans and the environment, it is now recognized as a priority pollutant whose environmental level needs to be controlled. In the present work, the TPA biodegradation efficacy of the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis (MTCC 3951) was studied in mineral salt media with TPA as the sole carbon and energy source. R. erythropolis was observed to degrade 5 mM and 120 mM TPA within 10 h and 84 h of incubation, respectively. The degradation efficiency was further optimized by varying the culture conditions, and the following optimum conditions were obtained: inoculum size- 5% (v/v), temperature- 30 °C, agitation speed- 200 rpm, and pH- 8.0. The bacterium was found to use an ortho-cleavage pathway for TPA degradation determined based on enzymatic and GC-MS studies. Moreover, during the degradation of TPA, the bacterium was observed to produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-a biopolymer. Biodegradation of 120 mM TPA resulted in an accumulation of PHA. The PHA granules were visualized using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy and were later characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the robustness of the bacterium was demonstrated by its ability to degrade TPA in real industrial wastewater. Overall, R. erythropolis (MTCC 3951) hold the potential for controlling TPA pollution in the environment and vis-à-vis the production of PHA biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita C Maurya
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Amrik Bhattacharya
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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13
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Tseng WS, Lee MJ, Wu JA, Kuo SL, Chang SL, Huang SJ, Liu CT. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) biodegradation by Purpureocillium lilacinum strain BA1S. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6057-6070. [PMID: 37526695 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a promising biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester material, can be applied as an alternative material to reduce the adverse effects of conventional plastics. However, the degradation of PBAT plastics in soil is time-consuming, and effective PBAT-degrading microorganisms have rarely been reported. In this study, the biodegradation properties of PBAT by an elite fungal strain and related mechanisms were elucidated. Four PBAT-degrading fungal strains were isolated from farmland soils, and Purpureocillium lilacinum strain BA1S showed a prominent degradation rate. It decomposed approximately 15 wt.% of the PBAT films 30 days after inoculation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) were conducted to analyze the physicochemical properties and composition of the byproducts after biodegradation. In the presence of PBAT, the lipolytic enzyme activities of BA1S were remarkably induced, and its cutinase gene was also significantly upregulated. Of note, the utilization of PBAT in BA1S cells was closely correlated with intracellular cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase. Furthermore, CreA-mediated carbon catabolite repression was confirmed to be involved in regulating PBAT-degrading hydrolases and affected the degradation efficiency. This study provides new insight into the degradation of PBAT by elite fungal strains and increases knowledge on the mechanism, which can be applied to control the biodegradability of PBAT films in the future. KEY POINTS: • Purpureocillium lilacinum strain BA1S was isolated from farmland soils and degraded PBAT plastic films at a prominent rate. • The lipolytic enzyme activities of strain BA1S were induced during coculture with PBAT, and the cutinase gene was significantly upregulated during PBAT degradation. • CreA-mediated carbon catabolite repression of BA1S plays an essential role in regulating the expression of PBAT-degrading hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sung Tseng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, R412, No. 81, Chang-Xing St, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jia Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, R412, No. 81, Chang-Xing St, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jin-An Wu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321 Kuang Fu Rd., Section 2, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Liang Kuo
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321 Kuang Fu Rd., Section 2, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Chang
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321 Kuang Fu Rd., Section 2, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jiuan Huang
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321 Kuang Fu Rd., Section 2, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Te Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, R412, No. 81, Chang-Xing St, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University No, 1, Sec. Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No.128, Sec.2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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14
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Basu S, Dhar R, Bhattacharyya M, Dutta TK. Biochemical and Multi-Omics Approaches To Obtain Molecular Insights into the Catabolism of the Plasticizer Benzyl Butyl Phthalate in Rhodococcus sp. Strain PAE-6. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0480122. [PMID: 37318352 PMCID: PMC10434107 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04801-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalate diesters are extensively used as plasticizers in manufacturing plastic materials; however, because of their estrogenic properties, these chemicals have emerged as a global threat to human health. The present study investigated the course of degradation of a widely used plasticizer, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), by the bacterium PAE-6, belonging to the genus Rhodococcus. The metabolism of BBP, possessing structurally dissimilar side chains, was evaluated biochemically using a combination of respirometric, chromatographic, enzymatic, and mass-spectrometric analyses, depicting pathways of degradation. Consequently, the biochemical observations were corroborated by identifying possible catabolic genes from whole-genome analysis, and the involvement of inducible specific esterases and other degradative enzymes was validated by transcriptomic, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and proteomic analyses. Nonetheless, phthalic acid (PA), an intermediate of BBP, could not be efficiently metabolized by strain PAE-6, although the genome contains a PA-degrading gene cluster. This deficiency of complete degradation of BBP by strain PAE-6 was effectively managed by using a coculture of strains PAE-6 and PAE-2. The latter was identified as a Paenarthrobacter strain which can efficiently utilize PA. Based on sequence analysis of the PA-degrading gene cluster in strain PAE-6, it appeared that the alpha subunit of the multicomponent phthalate 3,4-dioxygenase harbors a number of altered residues in the multiple sequence alignment of homologous subunits, which may play a role(s) in poor turnover of PA. IMPORTANCE Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), an estrogenic, high-molecular-weight phthalic acid diester, is an extensively used plasticizer throughout the world. Due to its structural rigidity and hydrophobic nature, BBP gets adsorbed on sediments and largely escapes the biotic and abiotic degradative processes of the ecosystem. In the present study, a potent BBP-degrading bacterial strain belonging to the genus Rhodococcus was isolated that can also assimilate a number of other phthalate diesters of environmental concern. Various biochemical and multi-omics analyses revealed that the strain harbors all the required catabolic machinery for the degradation of the plasticizer and elucidated the inducible regulation of the associated catabolic genes and gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Tapan K. Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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15
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Sadeghi Rad S, Khataee A, Arefi-Oskoui S, Sadeghi Rad T, Zarei M, Orooji Y, Gengec E, Kobya M. Carbonaceous CoCr LDH nanocomposite as a light-responsive sonocatalyst for treatment of a plasticizer-containing water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106485. [PMID: 37352730 PMCID: PMC10331313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The carbonous-based nanocomposites of CoCr layered double hydroxide (LDH) with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were prepared. The successful synthesis of the CoCr LDH in hydrotalcite crystalline structure was deduced from the pattern obtained from X-ray diffraction, and the chemical composition of its surface was checked by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prosperous decorating of LDH on the sheets of rGO and GO was authenticated by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis and micrographs of scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. The photo-assisted sonocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites was appraised for the decomposition of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) as a plasticizer. The highest decomposition efficiency of 100% was obtained in the existence of CoCr LDH/rGO nanocomposite (0.5 g/L) during 20 min of reaction time via photo-assisted sonocatalysis. The rGO improved the catalytic activity of the CoCr LDH by increasing the specific surface area from 1.2 m2/g to 4.5 m2/g and reducing the band gap from 1.7 eV to 1.3 eV. Moreover, the results of the colony-forming unit method endorsed antibacterial property improvement of the CoCr LDH via hybridizing with rGO. The results of this research provide an optimistic perspective for applying carbonous-based nanocomposites of CoCr LDH as a novel catalyst with antibacterial properties in photo-assisted sonocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Sadeghi Rad
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey.
| | - Samira Arefi-Oskoui
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tannaz Sadeghi Rad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Erhan Gengec
- Department of Environmental Protection Technology, Kocaeli University, 41285 Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kobya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 720038 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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16
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Dhar R, Basu S, Bhattacharyya M, Dutta TK. Evaluation of distinct molecular architectures and coordinated regulation of the catabolic pathways of oestrogenic dioctyl phthalate isomers in Gordonia sp. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001353. [PMID: 37384374 PMCID: PMC10333787 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial strain GONU, belonging to the genus Gordonia, was isolated from a municipal waste-contaminated soil sample and was capable of utilizing an array of endocrine-disrupting phthalate diesters, including di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and its isomer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), as the sole carbon and energy sources. The biochemical pathways of the degradation of DnOP and DEHP were evaluated in strain GONU by using a combination of various chromatographic, spectrometric and enzymatic analyses. Further, the upregulation of three different esterases (estG2, estG3 and estG5), a phthalic acid (PA)-metabolizing pht operon and a protocatechuic acid (PCA)-metabolizing pca operon were revealed based on de novo whole genome sequence information and substrate-induced protein profiling by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis followed by differential gene expression by real-time PCR. Subsequently, functional characterization of the differentially upregulated esterases on the inducible hydrolytic metabolism of DnOP and DEHP revealed that EstG5 is involved in the hydrolysis of DnOP to PA, whereas EstG2 and EstG3 are involved in the metabolism of DEHP to PA. Finally, gene knockout experiments further validated the role of EstG2 and EstG5, and the present study deciphered the inducible regulation of the specific genes and operons in the assimilation of DOP isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Bhattacharyya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan K. Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
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17
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Yang WT, Yi YJ, Xia B. Unveiling the duality of Pantoea dispersa: A mini review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162320. [PMID: 36801414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pantoea dispersa is a Gram-negative bacterium that exists in a variety of environments and has potential in many commercial and agricultural applications, such as biotechnology, environmental protection, soil bioremediation, and plant growth stimulation. However, P. dispersa is also a harmful pathogen to both humans and plants. This "double-edged sword" phenomenon is not uncommon in nature. To ensure survival, microorganisms respond to both environmental and biological stimuli, which could be beneficial or detrimental to other species. Therefore, to harness the full potential of P. dispersa, while minimizing potential harm, it is imperative to unravel its genetic makeup, understand its ecological interactions and underlying mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the genetic and biological characteristics of P. dispersa, in addition to potential impacts on plants and humans, as well as to provide insights into potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, East Renmin Road, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - You-Jin Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, East Renmin Road, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, East Renmin Road, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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18
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Bhattacharyya M, Dhar R, Basu S, Das A, Reynolds DM, Dutta TK. Molecular evaluation of the metabolism of estrogenic di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in Mycolicibacterium sp. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:82. [PMID: 37101185 PMCID: PMC10134610 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely detected plasticizer and a priority pollutant of utmost concern for its adverse impact on humans, wildlife and the environment. To eliminate such toxic burden, biological processes are the most promising ways to combat rampant environmental insults under eco-friendly conditions. The present study investigated the biochemical and molecular assessment of the catabolic potential of Mycolicibacterium sp. strain MBM in the assimilation of estrogenic DEHP. RESULTS A detailed biochemical study revealed an initial hydrolytic pathway of degradation for DEHP followed by the assimilation of hydrolyzed phthalic acid and 2-ethylhexanol to TCA cycle intermediates. Besides the inducible nature of DEHP-catabolic enzymes, strain MBM can efficiently utilize various low- and high-molecular-weight phthalate diesters and can grow under moderately halotolerant conditions. Whole genome sequence analysis exhibited a genome size of 6.2 Mb with a GC content of 66.51% containing 6,878 coding sequences, including multiple genes, annotated as relevant to the catabolism of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Substantiating the annotated genes through transcriptome assessment followed by RT-qPCR analysis, the possible roles of upregulated genes/gene clusters in the metabolism of DEHP were revealed, reinforcing the biochemical pathway of degradation at the molecular level. CONCLUSIONS A detailed co-relation of biochemical, genomic, transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses highlights the PAE-degrading catabolic machineries in strain MBM. Further, due to functional attributes in the salinity range of both freshwater and seawater, strain MBM may find use as a suitable candidate in the bioremediation of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Bhattacharyya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Avijit Das
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Darren M Reynolds
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India.
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19
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Feng NX, Zhang F, Xie Y, Bin H, Xiang L, Li YW, Zhang F, Huang Y, Zhao HM, Cai QY, Mo CH, Li QX. Genome mining-guided activation of two silenced tandem genes in Raoultella ornithinolytica XF201 for complete biodegradation of phthalate acid esters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161013. [PMID: 36549521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) are ubiquitous in soils and food products and thus pose a high risk to human health. Herein, genome mining revealed a great diversity of bacteria with PAEs-degrading potential. Mining of the genome of Raoultella ornithinolytica XF201, a novel strain isolated from Dongxiang wild rice rhizosphere, revealed the presence of two silenced tandem genes pcdGH (encoding protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, 3,4-PCD), key aromatic ring-cleaving genes in PAEs biodegradation. Ribosome engineering was successfully utilized to activate the expression of pcdGH genes to produce 3,4-PCD in the mutant XF201-G2U5. The mutant XF201-G2U5 showed high 3,4-PCD activity and could remove 94.5 % of di-n butyl phthalate (DBP) in 72 h. The degradation kinetics obeyed the first-order kinetic model. Strain XF201-G2U5 could also degrade the other PAEs and the main intermediate metabolites, ultimately leading to tricarboxylic acid cycle. Therefore, this strategy facilitates novel bacterial resources discovery for bioremediation of PAEs and other emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunchang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hui Bin
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fantao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yunhong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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20
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Anand S, Hallsworth JE, Timmis J, Verstraete W, Casadevall A, Ramos JL, Sood U, Kumar R, Hira P, Dogra Rawat C, Kumar A, Lal S, Lal R, Timmis K. Weaponising microbes for peace. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1091-1111. [PMID: 36880421 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much human disadvantage and unmet need in the world, including deficits in basic resources and services considered to be human rights, such as drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, healthy nutrition, access to basic healthcare, and a clean environment. Furthermore, there are substantive asymmetries in the distribution of key resources among peoples. These deficits and asymmetries can lead to local and regional crises among peoples competing for limited resources, which, in turn, can become sources of discontent and conflict. Such conflicts have the potential to escalate into regional wars and even lead to global instability. Ergo: in addition to moral and ethical imperatives to level up, to ensure that all peoples have basic resources and services essential for healthy living and to reduce inequalities, all nations have a self-interest to pursue with determination all available avenues to promote peace through reducing sources of conflicts in the world. Microorganisms and pertinent microbial technologies have unique and exceptional abilities to provide, or contribute to the provision of, basic resources and services that are lacking in many parts of the world, and thereby address key deficits that might constitute sources of conflict. However, the deployment of such technologies to this end is seriously underexploited. Here, we highlight some of the key available and emerging technologies that demand greater consideration and exploitation in endeavours to eliminate unnecessary deprivations, enable healthy lives of all and remove preventable grounds for competition over limited resources that can escalate into conflicts in the world. We exhort central actors: microbiologists, funding agencies and philanthropic organisations, politicians worldwide and international governmental and non-governmental organisations, to engage - in full partnership - with all relevant stakeholders, to 'weaponise' microbes and microbial technologies to fight resource deficits and asymmetries, in particular among the most vulnerable populations, and thereby create humanitarian conditions more conducive to harmony and peace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailly Anand
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James Timmis
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Utkarsh Sood
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Princy Hira
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Abhilash Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sukanya Lal
- PhiXgen Pvt. Ltd, Gurugram, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, India
| | - Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Occurrence and seasonal variation of plasticizers in sediments and biota from the coast of Mahdia, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48532-48545. [PMID: 36759412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers are compounds often involved in the manufacturing of plastic products. Nevertheless, the ageing of the latter generates plasticizers that generally end up in the marine environment. In fact, marine pollution by phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and their alternatives has become an environmental and health issue of serious concern, as they are largely and ubiquitously present in the environment and aquatic organisms. In the present study, four PAEs, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and one non-phthalate plasticizer (NPP), namely di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT), are wanted in different marine compartments from the coast of Mahdia in Tunisia such as sediment, seagrass, and mussel. The most abundant and frequently detected congener was DEHT at the concentrations reached 1.181 mg/kg in the sediment, 1.121 mg/kg in the seagrass, and 1.86 mg/kg in the mussel. This result indicates that the DEHT could emerge through the food chain and therefore bioaccumulate in marine compartments. In addition, we noticed that the seasonal variations of plasticizers were seriously affected by environmental factors including industrial and urban discharges.
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22
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An Ultra-Sensitive Comamonas thiooxidans Biosensor for the Rapid Detection of Enzymatic Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0160322. [PMID: 36507653 PMCID: PMC9888244 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01603-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a prevalent synthetic polymer that is known to contaminate marine and terrestrial environments. Currently, only a limited number of PET-active microorganisms and enzymes (PETases) are known. This is in part linked to the lack of highly sensitive function-based screening assays for PET-active enzymes. Here, we report on the construction of a fluorescent biosensor based on Comamonas thiooxidans strain S23. C. thiooxidans S23 transports and metabolizes TPA, one of the main breakdown products of PET, using a specific tripartite tricarboxylate transporter (TTT) and various mono- and dioxygenases encoded in its genome in a conserved operon ranging from tphC-tphA1. TphR, an IclR-type transcriptional regulator is found upstream of the tphC-tphA1 cluster where TPA induces transcription of tphC-tphA1 up to 88-fold in exponentially growing cells. In the present study, we show that the C. thiooxidans S23 wild-type strain, carrying the sfGFP gene fused to the tphC promoter, senses TPA at concentrations as low as 10 μM. Moreover, a deletion mutant lacking the catabolic genes involved in TPA degradation thphA2-A1 (ΔtphA2A3BA1) is up to 10,000-fold more sensitive and detects TPA concentrations in the nanomolar range. This is, to our knowledge, the most sensitive reporter strain for TPA and we demonstrate that it can be used for the detection of enzymatic PET breakdown products. IMPORTANCE Plastics and microplastics accumulate in all ecological niches. The construction of more sensitive biosensors allows to monitor and screen potential PET degradation in natural environments and industrial samples. These strains will also be a valuable tool for functional screenings of novel PETase candidates and variants or monitoring of PET recycling processes using biocatalysts. Thereby they help us to enrich the known biodiversity and efficiency of PET degrading organisms and enzymes and understand their contribution to environmental plastic degradation.
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23
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Krishnani KK, Oakeshott JG, Pandey G. Wide substrate range for a candidate bioremediation enzyme isolated from Nocardioides sp. strain SG-4 G. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad085. [PMID: 37660276 PMCID: PMC10501498 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Narrow substrate ranges can impact heavily on the range of applications and hence commercial viability of candidate bioremediation enzymes. Here we show that an ester hydrolase from Nocardioides strain SG-4 G has potential as a bioremediation agent against various pollutants that can be detoxified by hydrolytic cleavage of some carboxylester, carbamate, or amide linkages. Previously we showed that a radiation-killed, freeze-dried preparation (ZimA) of this strain can rapidly degrade the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim due to the activity of a specific ester hydrolase, MheI. Here, we report that ZimA also has substantial hydrolytic activity against phthalate diesters (dimethyl, dibutyl, and dioctyl phthalate), anilide (propanil and monalide), and carbamate ester (chlorpropham) herbicides under laboratory conditions. The reaction products are substantially less toxic, or inactive as herbicides, than the parent compounds. Tests of strain SG-4 G and Escherichia coli expressing MheI found they were also able to hydrolyse dimethyl phthalate, propanil, and chlorpropham, indicating that MheI is principally responsible for the above activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Krishnani
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
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24
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Idowu GA, Olalemi AO, Aiyesanmi AF. Environmental impacts of covid-19 pandemic: Release of microplastics, organic contaminants and trace metals from face masks under ambient environmental conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114956. [PMID: 36442523 PMCID: PMC9699709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The covid-19 pandemic era was characterized by heavy usage and disposal of medical face masks, now estimated at over 1.24 trillion. Few studies had attempted to demonstrate the release of microplastics from face masks using simulated conditions and application of mechanical forces, far different from the effects experienced by face masks dumped in the open environment, in landfills and dumpsites. In the current study, we monitored the release of microplastics, organic contaminants and toxic metals from medical face masks degraded under normal outdoor environmental conditions, over a period of 60 weeks. We showed that face mask's decomposition proceeded via sunlight (UV) - initiated oxidative degradation, leading to the replacement of methylene (CH2-) and alkyl (CH3-) groups in face mask's polypropylene backbone with hydroxyl and ketonic functional groups. Organic compounds released from decaying face masks into the surrounding soil included alkanes, alkenes, carboxylic acids/diesters and phthalate esters. Mean maximum concentration of phthalates in the soil ranged from 3.14 mg/kg (diethyl phthalate) to 11.68 mg/kg di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Heavy metals, including Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Sn and Fe, were released into the soil, leading to contamination factors of 3.11, 2.84, 2.42, 2.26, 1.80 and 0.99, respectively. Together, the metals gave a pollution load index (PLI) of 2.102, indicating that they constitute moderate pollution of the soil surrounding the heap of face masks. This study provides a realistic insight into the fate and impacts of the enormous amounts of face masks, disposed or abandoned in soil environments during the covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Aina Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P. M. B. 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Adewale Oluwasogo Olalemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P. M. B. 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Festus Aiyesanmi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P. M. B. 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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25
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Biodegradation of diethyl phthalate and phthalic acid by a new indigenous Pseudomonas putida. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:477-488. [PMID: 36635520 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is one of the extensively used plasticizers which has been considered a priority hazardous pollutant due to its carcinogenic, endocrine disrupter, and multi-toxic effects on humans. The identification of DEP in different parts of the ecosphere has increased the global community's attention to the elimination of this pollutant in a bio-eco-friendly way. In this research, a novel aerobic bacterial strain nominates as ShA (GenBank accession number: MN298858) capable of consuming DEP as carbon and energy sources, was isolated from the upper phase (0-10 cm) of Anzali international wetland sediments by enrichment culture method. Morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain ShA belonged to Pseudomonas putida. The substrate utilization test demonstrated that strain ShA was able to grow in mineral salt medium containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and phthalic acid (PA) isomers including terephthalic and isophthalic acid. Degradation assay showed strain ShA completely degraded 200 mg/L DEP within 22 h (pH 7.0, 30 °C). Surprisingly, PA as the main intermediate of DEP biodegradation was identified by GC-FID. Moreover, the rapid degradation of 2000 mg/L PA to CO2 and H2O was viewed in 22 h by strain ShA. The possible route of DEP degradation was DEP directly to PA and then PA consumption for growth. This study obtained results that provide a great contribution to applying strain ShA in the biodegradation of low molecular weight of PAEs and PA isomers in natural ecosystems. This is the first report of a P. putida strain able to degrade DEP and PA.
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26
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Kaneshiro AK, Datar PM, Marsh ENG. Negative Cooperativity in the Mechanism of Prenylated-Flavin-Dependent Ferulic Acid Decarboxylase: A Proposal for a "Two-Stroke" Decarboxylation Cycle. Biochemistry 2023; 62:53-61. [PMID: 36521056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid decarboxylase (FDC) catalyzes the reversible carboxylation of various substituted phenylacrylic acids to produce the correspondingly substituted styrenes and CO2. FDC is a member of the UbiD family of enzymes that use prenylated-FMN (prFMN) to catalyze decarboxylation reactions on aromatic rings and C-C double bonds. Although a growing number of prFMN-dependent enzymes have been identified, the mechanism of the reaction remains poorly understood. Here, we present a detailed pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of the FDC-catalyzed reaction of prFMN with both styrene and phenylacrylic acid. Based on the pattern of reactivity observed, we propose a "two-stroke" kinetic model in which negative cooperativity between the two subunits of the FDC homodimer plays an important and previously unrecognized role in catalysis. In this model, catalysis is initiated at the high-affinity active site, which reacts with phenylacrylate to yield, after decarboxylation, the covalently bound styrene-prFMN cycloadduct. In the second stage of the catalytic cycle, binding of the second substrate molecule to the low-affinity active site drives a conformational switch that interconverts the high-affinity and low-affinity active sites. This switching of affinity couples the energetically unfavorable cycloelimination of styrene from the first site with the energetically favorable cycloaddition and decarboxylation of phenylacrylate at the second site. We note as a caveat that, at this point, the complexity of the FDC kinetics leaves open other mechanistic interpretations and that further experiments will be needed to more firmly establish or refute our proposal.
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27
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Puri M, Gandhi K, Kumar MS. The occurrence, fate, toxicity, and biodegradation of phthalate esters: An overview. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10832. [PMID: 36632702 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a class of emerging xenobiotic compounds that are extensively used as plasticizers. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern over the risk of this pervasive pollution exposure causing endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity in humans and animals. The widespread use of PAEs in home and industrial applications has resulted in their discharge in aquatic bodies via leaching, volatilization, and precipitation. In this overview, the current state of PAE pollution, its potential origins, its fate, as well as its effects on the aquatic environment are discussed. A state-of-the-art review of several studies in the literature that focus on the biological degradation of PAEs is included in this study. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive view of current research on PAEs in the environment, highlighting its fate and alleviated risks on the aquatic biotas, their challenges, future prospects, and the need for good management and policies for its remediation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Occurrence of phthalate esters was summarized in various environmental matrices along with its serious ecotoxicological implications on biota. Wastewater is the prime source of PAEs contamination. Lack of species-specific effects on biota due to dose, exposure route, and susceptibility. The predominant route to mineralization in PAEs is biodegradation. A critical analysis of worldwide PAE production and consumption identifies the necessity for global PAE production, consumption, and release policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Puri
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kavita Gandhi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Sophisticated Environmental Analytical Facility, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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28
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Ningthoujam R, Satiraphan M, Sompongchaiyakul P, Bureekul S, Luadnakrob P, Pinyakong O. Bacterial community shifts in a di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-degrading enriched consortium and the isolation and characterization of degraders predicted through network analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136730. [PMID: 36209845 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used and toxic phthalate plasticizer that is widely reported in marine environments. Degradation of DEHP by bacteria from several environments have been studied, but little is known about marine sediment bacteria that can degrade DEHP and other phthalate plasticizers. Therefore, in this study, we enriched a bacterial consortium C10 that can degrade four phthalate plasticizers of varying alkyl chain lengths (DEHP, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and dimethyl phthalate) from marine sediment. The major bacterial genera in C10 during degradation of the phthalate plasticizers were Glutamicibacter, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Methylophaga. Growth of C10 on DEHP intermediates (mono-ethylhexyl phthalate, 2-ethylhexanol, phthalic acid, and protocatechuic acid) was studied and these intermediates enhanced the Brevibacterium, Ochrobactrum, Achromobacter, Bacillus, Sporosarcina, and Microbacterium populations. Using a network-based approach, we predicted that Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Microbacterium interacted cooperatively and were the main degraders of phthalate plasticizers. Through selective isolation techniques, we obtained twenty isolates belonging to Bacillus, Microbacterium, Sporosarcina, Micrococcus, Ochrobactrum, Stenotrophomonas, Alcaligenes, and Cytobacillus. The best DEHP-degraders were Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila OR13, Microbacterium esteraromaticum OR16, Sporosarcina sp. OR19, and Cytobacillus firmus OR20 (83.68%, 59.1%, 43.4%, and 40.6% degradation of 100 mg/L DEHP in 8 d), which agrees with the prediction of key degraders. This is the first report of DEHP degradation by all four bacteria and, thus, our findings reveal as yet unknown PAE-degradation capabilities of marine sediment bacteria. This study provides insights into how bacterial communities adapt to degrade or resist the toxicities of different PAEs and demonstrates a simple approach for the prediction and isolation of potential pollutant degraders from complex and dynamic bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Ningthoujam
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Meyawee Satiraphan
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Penjai Sompongchaiyakul
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sujaree Bureekul
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pontipa Luadnakrob
- Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center/Training Department, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Onruthai Pinyakong
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Program on Remediation Technologies for Petroleum Contamination, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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29
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Sree CG, Buddolla V, Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Phthalate toxicity mechanisms: An update. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109498. [PMID: 36374650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are one of the most widely used plasticizers in polymer products, and they are increasingly being exposed to people all over the world, generating health concerns. Phthalates are often used as excipients in controlled-release capsules and enteric coatings, and patients taking these drugs may be at risk. In both animals and human, phthalates are mainly responsible for testicular dysfunction, ovarian toxicity, reduction in steroidogenesis. In this regard, for a better understanding of the health concerns corresponding to phthalates and their metabolites, still more research is required. Significantly, multifarious forms of phthalates and their biomedical effects are need to be beneficial to investigate in the various tissues or organs. Based on these investigations, researchers can decipher their toxicity concerns and related mechanisms in the body after phthalate's exposure. This review summarizes the chemical interactions, mechanisms, and their biomedical applications of phthalates in animals and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendruru Geya Sree
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Viswanath Buddolla
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Systems Biology of Aromatic Compound Catabolism in Facultative Anaerobic Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1 T. mSystems 2022; 7:e0068522. [PMID: 36445109 PMCID: PMC9765128 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00685-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Aromatoleum thrive in diverse habitats and use a broad range of recalcitrant organic molecules coupled to denitrification or O2 respiration. To gain a holistic understanding of the model organism A. aromaticum EbN1T, we studied its catabolic network dynamics in response to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate, and acetate utilized under nitrate-reducing versus oxic conditions. Integrated multi-omics (transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome) covered most of the catabolic network (199 genes) and allowed for the refining of knowledge of the degradation modules studied. Their substrate-dependent regulation showed differing degrees of specificity, ranging from high with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate to mostly relaxed with benzoate. For benzoate, the transcript and protein formation were essentially constitutive, contrasted by that of anoxia-specific versus oxia-specific metabolite profiles. The matrix factorization of transcriptomic data revealed that the anaerobic modules accounted for most of the variance across the degradation network. The respiration network appeared to be constitutive, both on the transcript and protein levels, except for nitrate reductase (with narGHI expression occurring only under nitrate-reducing conditions). The anoxia/nitrate-dependent transcription of denitrification genes is apparently controlled by three FNR-type regulators as well as by NarXL (all constitutively formed). The resequencing and functional reannotation of the genome fostered a genome-scale metabolic model, which is comprised of 655 enzyme-catalyzed reactions and 731 distinct metabolites. The model predictions for growth rates and biomass yields agreed well with experimental stoichiometric data, except for 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, with which 4-hydroxybenzoate was exported. Taken together, the combination of multi-omics, growth physiology, and a metabolic model advanced our knowledge of an environmentally relevant microorganism that differs significantly from other bacterial model strains. IMPORTANCE Aromatic compounds are abundant constituents not only of natural organic matter but also of bulk industrial chemicals and fuel components of environmental concern. Considering the widespread occurrence of redox gradients in the biosphere, facultative anaerobic degradation specialists can be assumed to play a prominent role in the natural mineralization of organic matter and in bioremediation at contaminated sites. Surprisingly, differential multi-omics profiling of the A. aromaticum EbN1T studied here revealed relaxed regulatory stringency across its four main physiological modi operandi (i.e., O2-independent and O2-dependent degradation reactions versus denitrification and O2 respiration). Combining multi-omics analyses with a genome-scale metabolic model aligned with measured growth performances establishes A. aromaticum EbN1T as a systems-biology model organism and provides unprecedented insights into how this bacterium functions on a holistic level. Moreover, this experimental platform invites future studies on eco-systems and synthetic biology of the environmentally relevant betaproteobacterial Aromatoleum/Azoarcus/Thauera cluster.
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31
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von Haugwitz G, Han X, Pfaff L, Li Q, Wei H, Gao J, Methling K, Ao Y, Brack Y, Mican J, Feiler CG, Weiss MS, Bednar D, Palm GJ, Lalk M, Lammers M, Damborsky J, Weber G, Liu W, Bornscheuer UT, Wei R. Structural Insights into (Tere)phthalate-Ester Hydrolysis by a Carboxylesterase and Its Role in Promoting PET Depolymerization. ACS Catal 2022; 12:15259-15270. [PMID: 36570084 PMCID: PMC9764356 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
TfCa, a promiscuous carboxylesterase from Thermobifida fusca, was found to hydrolyze polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation intermediates such as bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and mono-(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalate (MHET). In this study, we elucidated the structures of TfCa in its apo form, as well as in complex with a PET monomer analogue and with BHET. The structure-function relationship of TfCa was investigated by comparing its hydrolytic activity on various ortho- and para-phthalate esters of different lengths. Structure-guided rational engineering of amino acid residues in the substrate-binding pocket resulted in the TfCa variant I69W/V376A (WA), which showed 2.6-fold and 3.3-fold higher hydrolytic activity on MHET and BHET, respectively, than the wild-type enzyme. TfCa or its WA variant was mixed with a mesophilic PET depolymerizing enzyme variant [Ideonella sakaiensis PETase (IsPETase) PM] to degrade PET substrates of various crystallinity. The dual enzyme system with the wild-type TfCa or its WA variant produced up to 11-fold and 14-fold more terephthalate (TPA) than the single IsPETase PM, respectively. In comparison to the recently published chimeric fusion protein of IsPETase and MHETase, our system requires 10% IsPETase and one-fourth of the reaction time to yield the same amount of TPA under similar PET degradation conditions. Our simple dual enzyme system reveals further advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and catalytic efficiency since it does not require time-consuming and expensive cross-linking and immobilization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlis von Haugwitz
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lara Pfaff
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongli Wei
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Karen Methling
- Department
of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yufei Ao
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yannik Brack
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Mican
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christian G. Feiler
- Macromolecular
Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Alber-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred S. Weiss
- Macromolecular
Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Alber-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gottfried J. Palm
- Department
of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department
of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department
of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gert Weber
- Macromolecular
Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Alber-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weidong Liu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China,
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany,
| | - Ren Wei
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany,
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Savinova OS, Shabaev AV, Glazunova OA, Moiseenko KV, Fedorova TV. Benzyl Butyl Phthalate and Diisobutyl Phthalate Biodegradation by White-rot Fungus Trametes hirsuta. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Saini N, Bhadury P. Genome analysis of a plastisphere-associated Oceanimonas sp. NSJ1 sequenced on Nanopore MinION platform. IOP SCINOTES 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/ac986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Oceanimonas sp. NSJ1 was isolated from macroplastic debris collected previously from Junput, an intertidal beach, facing the northeast coastal Bay of Bengal of the Northern Indian Ocean. The genome of this isolate is closely related to Oceanimonas doudoroffii with a genome size of 3.56 Mbp. The genome annotation confirmed the presence of 5919 total genes, out of which 5809 were CDSs (coding sequences) and all are protein-coding. The genome codes for 110 RNA with 25 rRNA, 84 tRNA (transfer RNA), and one tmRNA (transfer-messenger RNA). Analyses of the annotated genome of Oceanimonas sp. NSJ1 revealed the presence of enzymes involved in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase oxygenase reductase subunit pht2 within the genome also highlights the novelty of this isolate and future functional potential for studying phthalate degradation in marine environment.
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Dueñas-Moreno J, Mora A, Cervantes-Avilés P, Mahlknecht J. Groundwater contamination pathways of phthalates and bisphenol A: origin, characteristics, transport, and fate - A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107550. [PMID: 36219908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) or phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) that may harm biota and human health. Humans can be exposed to these contaminants by drinking water consumption from water sources such as groundwater. Before their presence in aquifer systems, phthalates and BPA can be found in many matrices due to anthropogenic activities, which result in long-term transport to groundwater reservoirs by different mechanisms and reaction processes. The worldwide occurrence of phthalates and BPA concentrations in groundwater have ranged from 0.1 × 10-3 to 3 203.33 µg L-1 and from 0.09 × 10-3 to 228.04 µg L-1, respectively. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the groundwater contamination pathways of phthalates and BPA from the main environmental sources to groundwater. Overall, this article provides an overview that integrates phthalate and BPA environmental cycling, from their origin to human reception via groundwater consumption. Additionally, in this review, the readers can use the information provided as a principal basis for existing policy ratification and for governments to develop legislation that may incorporate these endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) as priority contaminants. Indeed, this may trigger the enactment of regulatory guidelines and public policies that help to reduce the exposure of these EDCs in humans by drinking water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Dueñas-Moreno
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla 72453, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla 72453, Mexico
| | - Pabel Cervantes-Avilés
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla 72453, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Fu JY, Muroski JM, Arbing MA, Salguero JA, Wofford NQ, McInerney MJ, Gunsalus RP, Loo JA, Ogorzalek Loo RR. Dynamic acylome reveals metabolite driven modifications in Syntrophomonas wolfei. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1018220. [PMID: 36419437 PMCID: PMC9676460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1018220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntrophomonas wolfei is an anaerobic syntrophic microbe that degrades short-chain fatty acids to acetate, hydrogen, and/or formate. This thermodynamically unfavorable process proceeds through a series of reactive acyl-Coenzyme A species (RACS). In other prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, the production of intrinsically reactive metabolites correlates with acyl-lysine modifications, which have been shown to play a significant role in metabolic processes. Analogous studies with syntrophic bacteria, however, are relatively unexplored and we hypothesized that highly abundant acylations could exist in S. wolfei proteins, corresponding to the RACS derived from degrading fatty acids. Here, by mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC–MS/MS), we characterize and compare acylome profiles of two S. wolfei subspecies grown on different carbon substrates. Because modified S. wolfei proteins are sufficiently abundant to analyze post-translational modifications (PTMs) without antibody enrichment, we could identify types of acylations comprehensively, observing six types (acetyl-, butyryl-, 3-hydroxybutyryl-, crotonyl-, valeryl-, and hexanyl-lysine), two of which have not been reported in any system previously. All of the acyl-PTMs identified correspond directly to RACS in fatty acid degradation pathways. A total of 369 sites of modification were identified on 237 proteins. Structural studies and in vitro acylation assays of a heavily modified enzyme, acetyl-CoA transferase, provided insight on the potential impact of these acyl-protein modifications. The extensive changes in acylation-type, abundance, and modification sites with carbon substrate suggest that protein acylation by RACS may be an important regulator of syntrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Y. Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John M. Muroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. Arbing
- UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica A. Salguero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neil Q. Wofford
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Michael J. McInerney
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Robert P. Gunsalus
- UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo,
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Mondal T, Mondal S, Ghosh SK, Pal P, Soren T, Pandey S, Maiti TK. Phthalates - A family of plasticizers, their health risks, phytotoxic effects, and microbial bioaugmentation approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114059. [PMID: 35961545 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a family of reprotoxicant compounds, predominantly used as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility and longevity of consumable plastic goods. After their use these plastic products find their way to the waste disposal sites where they leach out the hazardous phthalates present within them, into the surrounding environment, contaminating soil, groundwater resources, and the nearby water bodies. Subsequently, phthalates move into the living system through the food chain and exhibit the well-known phenomenon of biological magnification. Phthalates as a primary pollutant have been classified as 1B reprotoxicants and teratogens by different government authorities and they have thus imposed restrictions on their use. Nevertheless, the release of these compounds in the environment is unabated. Bioremediation has been suggested as one of the ways of mitigating this menace, but studies regarding the field applications of phthalate utilizing microbes for this purpose are limited. Through this review, we endeavor to make a deeper understanding of the cause and concern of the problem and to find out a possible solution to it. The review critically emphasizes the various aspects of phthalates toxicity, including their chemical nature, human health risks, phytoaccumulation and entry into the food chain, microbial role in phthalate degradation processes, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Mondal
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Purba Bardhaman, P. O. -Rajbati, 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sayanta Mondal
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Purba Bardhaman, P. O. -Rajbati, 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sudip Kumar Ghosh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Purba Bardhaman, P. O. -Rajbati, 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Priyanka Pal
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Purba Bardhaman, P. O. -Rajbati, 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tithi Soren
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Purba Bardhaman, P. O. -Rajbati, 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sanjeev Pandey
- Department of Botany, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol, 713303, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Purba Bardhaman, P. O. -Rajbati, 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Zhou J, Sun J, Ullah M, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Cao G, Chen L, Ullah MW, Sun S. Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolysate increased bacterial cellulose production. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Naveen KV, Saravanakumar K, Zhang X, Sathiyaseelan A, Wang MH. Impact of environmental phthalate on human health and their bioremediation strategies using fungal cell factory- A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113781. [PMID: 35780847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are utilized as plasticizers in plastic products to enhance their durability, transparency, and elasticity. However, phthalates are not covalently bonded to the polymer matrix of the phthalate-containing products and can be gradually released into the environment through biogeochemical processes. Hence, phthalates are now pervasive in our environment, including our food. Reports suggested that phthalates exposure to the mammalian systems is linked to various health consequences. It has become vital to develop highly efficient strategies to reduce phthalates from the environment. In this context, the utilization of fungi for phthalate bioremediation (mycoremediation) is advantageous due to their highly effective enzyme secretory system. Extracellular and intracellular enzymes of fungi are believed to break down the phthalates by ester hydrolysis to produce phthalic acid and alcohol, and subsequent digestion of the benzene rings of phthalic acid and their metabolites. The present review scrutinizes and highlights the knowledge gap in phthalate prevalence, exposure to mammals, and associated human health challenges. Furthermore, discusses the role of fungi and their secretory enzymes in the biodegradation of phthalates and gives a perspective to better describe and tackle this continuous threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of Marine Bacteria Thalassospira spp. Provides Insights into Their Ecological Roles in Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Exposed Environments. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0314922. [PMID: 36190412 PMCID: PMC9604089 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03149-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine bacterial genus Thalassospira has often been identified as an abundant member of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-exposed microbial communities. However, despite their potential usability for biotechnological applications, functional genes that are conserved in their genomes have barely been investigated. Thus, the goal of this study was to comprehensively examine the functional genes that were potentially responsible for aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in the Thalassospira genomes available from databases, including a new isolate of Thalassospira, strain GO-4, isolated from a phenanthrene-enriched marine bacterial consortium. Strain GO-4 was used in this study as a model organism to link the genomic data and their metabolic functions. Strain GO-4 growth assays confirmed that it utilized a common phenanthrene biodegradation intermediate 2-carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA) as the sole source of carbon and energy, but did not utilize phenanthrene. Consistently, strain GO-4 was found to possess homologous genes of phdK, pht, and pca that encode enzymes for biodegradation of CBA, phthalic acid, and protocatechuic acid, respectively. Further comprehensive genomic analyses for 33 Thalassospira genomes from databases showed that a gene cluster that consisted of phdK and pht homologs was conserved in 13 of the 33 strains. pca gene homologs were found in all examined genomes; however, homologs of the known PAH-degrading genes, such as the pah, phn, or nah genes, were not found. Possibly Thalassospira spp. co-occupy niches with other PAH-degrading bacteria that provide them with PAH degradation intermediates and facilitated their inhabitation in PAH-exposed microbial ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Comprehensive investigation of multiple genomic data sets from targeted microbial taxa deposited in databases may provide substantial information to predict metabolic capabilities and ecological roles in different environments. This study is the first report that details the functional profiling of Thalassospira spp. that have repeatedly been found in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-exposed marine bacterial communities by using genomic data from a new isolate, Thalassospira strain GO-4, and other strains in databases. Through screening of functional genes potentially involved in aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation across 33 Thalassospira genomes and growth assays for strain GO-4, it was suggested that Thalassospira spp. unexceptionally conserved the ability to metabolize single-ring, PAH biodegradation intermediates, while being incapable of utilizing PAHs. This expanded our understanding of this potentially important contributing member to PAH-degrading microbial ecosystems; such species are considered to be specialized in driving downstream reactions of PAH biodegradation.
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Junghare M, Frey J, Naji KM, Spiteller D, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Schink B. Isophthalate:coenzyme A ligase initiates anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic isophthalate. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:227. [PMID: 36171563 PMCID: PMC9516798 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental contamination from synthetic plastics and their additives is a widespread problem. Phthalate esters are a class of refractory synthetic organic compounds which are widely used in plastics, coatings, and for several industrial applications such as packaging, pharmaceuticals, and/or paints. They are released into the environment during production, use and disposal, and some of them are potential mutagens and carcinogens. Isophthalate (1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid) is a synthetic chemical that is globally produced at a million-ton scale for industrial applications and is considered a priority pollutant. Here we describe the biochemical characterization of an enzyme involved in anaerobic degradation of isophthalate by the syntrophically fermenting bacterium Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans strain UI that activate isophthalate to isophthalyl-CoA followed by its decarboxylation to benzoyl-CoA. Results Isophthalate:Coenzyme A ligase (IPCL, AMP-forming) that activates isophthalate to isophthalyl-CoA was heterologously expressed in E. coli (49.6 kDa) for biochemical characterization. IPCL is homologous to phenylacetate-CoA ligase that belongs to the family of ligases that form carbon-sulfur bonds. In the presence of coenzyme A, Mg2+ and ATP, IPCL converts isophthalate to isophthalyl-CoA, AMP and pyrophosphate (PPi). The enzyme was specifically induced after anaerobic growth of S. aromaticivorans in a medium containing isophthalate as the sole carbon source. Therefore, IPCL exhibited high substrate specificity and affinity towards isophthalate. Only substrates that are structurally related to isophthalate, such as glutarate and 3-hydroxybenzoate, could be partially converted to the respective coenzyme A esters. Notably, no activity could be measured with substrates such as phthalate, terephthalate and benzoate. Acetyl-CoA or succinyl-CoA did not serve as CoA donors. The enzyme has a theoretical pI of 6.8 and exhibited optimal activity between pH 7.0 to 7.5. The optimal temperature was between 25 °C and 37 °C. Denaturation temperature (Tm) of IPCL was found to be at about 63 °C. The apparent KM values for isophthalate, CoA, and ATP were 409 μM, 642 μM, and 3580 μM, respectively. Although S. aromaticivorans is a strictly anaerobic bacterium, the enzyme was found to be oxygen-insensitive and catalysed isophthalyl-CoA formation under both anoxic and oxic conditions. Conclusion We have successfully cloned the ipcl gene, expressed and characterized the corresponding IPCL enzyme, which plays a key role in isophthalate activation that initiates its activation and further degradation by S. aromaticivorans. Its biochemical characterization represents an important step in the elucidation of the complete degradation pathway of isophthalate. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02630-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Junghare
- General Microbiology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Constance, Germany. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430, Ås, Norway.
| | - Jasmin Frey
- General Microbiology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Khalid M Naji
- Chemical Ecology and Biological Chemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Chemical Ecology and Biological Chemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Bernhard Schink
- General Microbiology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Constance, Germany
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41
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Chow J, Perez‐Garcia P, Dierkes R, Streit WR. Microbial enzymes will offer limited solutions to the global plastic pollution crisis. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:195-217. [PMID: 36099200 PMCID: PMC9871534 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global economies depend on the use of fossil-fuel-based polymers with 360-400 million metric tons of synthetic polymers being produced per year. Unfortunately, an estimated 60% of the global production is disposed into the environment. Within this framework, microbiologists have tried to identify plastic-active enzymes over the past decade. Until now, this research has largely failed to deliver functional biocatalysts acting on the commodity polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), ether-based polyurethane (PUR), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS) and synthetic rubber (SR). However, few enzymes are known to act on low-density and low-crystalline (amorphous) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ester-based PUR. These above-mentioned polymers represent >95% of all synthetic plastics produced. Therefore, the main challenge microbiologists are currently facing is in finding polymer-active enzymes targeting the majority of fossil-fuel-based plastics. However, identifying plastic-active enzymes either to implement them in biotechnological processes or to understand their potential role in nature is an emerging research field. The application of these enzymes is still in its infancy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on microbial plastic-active enzymes, their global distribution and potential impact on plastic degradation in industrial processes and nature. We further outline major challenges in finding novel plastic-active enzymes, optimizing known ones by synthetic approaches and problems arising through falsely annotated and unfiltered use of database entries. Finally, we highlight potential biotechnological applications and possible re- and upcycling concepts using microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chow
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Pablo Perez‐Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Robert Dierkes
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Wolfgang R. Streit
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
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42
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Louis M, Tahrioui A, Verdon J, David A, Rodrigues S, Barreau M, Manac’h M, Thiroux A, Luton B, Dupont C, Calvé ML, Bazire A, Crépin A, Clabaut M, Portier E, Taupin L, Defontaine F, Clamens T, Bouffartigues E, Cornelis P, Feuilloley M, Caillon J, Dufour A, Berjeaud JM, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S. Effect of Phthalates and Their Substitutes on the Physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091788. [PMID: 36144390 PMCID: PMC9502294 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used in a variety of applications—for example, as plasticizers in polyvinylchloride products to improve their flexibility—and can be easily released into the environment. In addition to being major persistent organic environmental pollutants, some phthalates are responsible for the carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and endocrine disruption that are notably affecting steroidogenesis in mammals. Numerous studies have thus focused on deciphering their effects on mammals and eukaryotic cells. While multicellular organisms such as humans are known to display various microbiota, including all of the microorganisms that may be commensal, symbiotic, or pathogenic, few studies have aimed at investigating the relationships between phthalates and bacteria, notably regarding their effects on opportunistic pathogens and the severity of the associated pathologies. Herein, the effects of phthalates and their substitutes were investigated on the human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in terms of physiology, virulence, susceptibility to antibiotics, and ability to form biofilms. We show in particular that most of these compounds increased biofilm formation, while some of them enhanced the bacterial membrane fluidity and altered the bacterial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissande Louis
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Verdon
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Audrey David
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maëliss Manac’h
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Audrey Thiroux
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Baptiste Luton
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Charly Dupont
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Le Calvé
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Alexis Bazire
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Maximilien Clabaut
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Portier
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Laure Taupin
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Florian Defontaine
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jocelyne Caillon
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Dufour
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-32-29-15-60
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Kuroda K, Narihiro T, Shinshima F, Yoshida M, Yamaguchi H, Kurashita H, Nakahara N, Nobu MK, Noguchi TQP, Yamauchi M, Yamada M. High-rate cotreatment of purified terephthalate and dimethyl terephthalate manufacturing wastewater by a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and the microbial ecology relevant to aromatic compound degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118581. [PMID: 35584587 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is produced worldwide, mainly as material for plastic drink bottles. PET is produced by polymerization of purified terephthalate (PTA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) with ethylene glycol. During the synthetic manufacturing processes of PTA and DMT, high organic loading wastewater is produced, which is typically treated separately by anaerobic wastewater treatment technologies. Given the high demand for PET, manufacturing plants are expanding globally, which will result in an increase in the amounts of PTA and DMT wastewater in need of treatment. In terms of effective treatment, the cotreatment of PTA and DMT wastewater has several advantages, including lower area and energy requirements. In this study, we examined the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor in cotreating PTA and DMT wastewater with high organic loading, evaluating its removal characteristics after 518 days of continuous operation. In addition, we performed a microbiome analysis of the UASB granular sludge to uncover the microbial interactions and metabolic functions within the reactor. By continuous operation, we achieved an organic removal rate of 6.6 kg m-3 day-1. In addition, we confirmed that aromatic compounds in the complex wastewater from the PTA and DMT manufacturing processes are biodegradable in the following order: benzoate > orthophthalate > terephthalate > isophthalate > p-toluic acid. 16S rRNA gene-based network analysis shows that anaerobic Woesearchaeales belonging to phylum Nanoarchaeota has a positive correlation with Methanoregula, Candidatus Methanofastidiosum, and Methanosarcina, suggesting a symbiotic relationship with methanogens in granular sludge. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed that terephthalate, isophthalate/orthophthalate, and benzoate were degraded by different members of Pelotomaculaceae and Syntrophorhabdaceae. According to the genomic information, we propose two new possible routes for orthophthalate degradation by the Syntrophorhabdaceae organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Kuroda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517 Japan.
| | - Takashi Narihiro
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517 Japan.
| | - Futaba Shinshima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517 Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, 473-1 Yoshio-cho, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8567, Japan
| | - Mio Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, 473-1 Yoshio-cho, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8567, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, 473-1 Yoshio-cho, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8567, Japan
| | - Hazuki Kurashita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517 Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, 473-1 Yoshio-cho, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8567, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nakahara
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Masaru K Nobu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Taro Q P Noguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, 473-1 Yoshio-cho, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8567, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamauchi
- Department of Urban Environmental Design and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, 1460-1 Shinkou, Hayato, Kirishima, Kagoshima 899-5193, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamada
- Department of Urban Environmental Design and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, 1460-1 Shinkou, Hayato, Kirishima, Kagoshima 899-5193, Japan
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Wang PH, Chen YL, Wu TY, Wu YW, Wang TY, Shih CJ, Wei STS, Lai YL, Liu CX, Chiang YR. Omics and mechanistic insights into di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate degradation in the O 2-fluctuating estuarine sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134406. [PMID: 35358556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) represents the most used phthalate plasticizer with an annual production above the millions of tons worldwide. Due to its inadequate disposal, outstanding chemical stability, and extremely low solubility (3 mg/L), endocrine-disrupting DEHP often accumulates in urban estuarine sediments at concentrations above the predicted no-effect concentration (20-100 mg/kg). Our previous study suggested that microbial DEHP degradation in estuarine sediments proceeds synergistically where DEHP side-chain hydrolysis to form phthalic acid represents a bottleneck. Here, we resolved this bottleneck and deconstructed the microbial synergy in O2-fluctuating estuarine sediments. Metagenomic analysis and RNA sequencing suggested that orthologous genes encoding extracellular DEHP hydrolase NCU65476 in Acidovorax sp. strain 210-6 are often flanked by the co-expressed composite transposon and are widespread in aquatic environments worldwide. Therefore, we developed a turbidity-based microplate assay to characterize NCU65476. The optimized assay conditions (with 1 mM Ca2+ and pH 6.0) increased the DEHP hydrolysis rate by a factor of 10. Next, we isolated phthalic acid-degrading Hydrogenophaga spp. and Thauera chlorobenzoica from Guandu estuarine sediment to study the effect of O2(aq) on their metabolic synergy with strain 210-6. The results of co-culture experiments suggested that after DEHP side-chain hydrolysis by strain 210-6, phthalic acid can be degraded by Hydrogenophaga sp. when O2(aq) is above 1 mg/L or degraded by Thauera chlorobenzoica anaerobically. Altogether, our data demonstrates that DEHP could be degraded synergistically in estuarine sediments via divergent pathways responding to O2 availability. The optimized conditions for NCU65476 could facilitate the practice of DEHP bioremediation in estuarine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 145-0061, Japan.
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Wu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jen Shih
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Li Lai
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Xuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Occurrence and seasonal disparity of emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals in a drinking water supply system and associated health risk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9252. [PMID: 35662272 PMCID: PMC9166704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of drinking water with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) raises concerns over the security and long-term sustainability of clean water supplies as well as human exposure via daily water intake. In this study, the seasonal disparity and occurrence of six phthalates and bisphenol-A in the drinking water supply system and associated health-risk were examined. The detection frequencies of the ∑6PAEs ranged from 24 to 100% in the winter whereas; in summer it is below the detection limit up to 100%. DEHP was the most prevalent phthalate congener ranging from 1.14 to 8351.85 µg/L (winter) and 0.552 to 410.29 µg/L (summer) surpassing the permissible limit. However, BPA concentrations were found under the permissible limit. The results suggested that PAEs concentration displayed significant seasonal variations with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The exposure to PAEs and BPA from drinking water was assessed, indicating a possible health risk to humans with a hazard quotient (HQ) > 1 for DEHP only. The findings necessitate an immediate scrutiny of these EDCs in drinking water supply system and are critical for implementing effective technologies at the WTP scale to ensure the quality and safety of drinking water to ascertain human and environmental health.
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Bhattacharyya M, Basu S, Dhar R, Dutta TK. Phthalate hydrolase: distribution, diversity and molecular evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:333-346. [PMID: 34816599 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The alpha/beta-fold superfamily of hydrolases is rapidly becoming one of the largest groups of structurally related enzymes with diverse catalytic functions. In this superfamily of enzymes, esterase deserves special attention because of their wide distribution in biological systems and importance towards environmental and industrial applications. Among various esterases, phthalate hydrolases are the key alpha/beta enzymes involved in the metabolism of structurally diverse estrogenic phthalic acid esters, ubiquitously distributed synthetic chemicals, used as plasticizer in plastic manufacturing processes. Although they vary both at the sequence and functional levels, these hydrolases use a similar acid-base-nucleophile catalytic mechanism to catalyse reactions on structurally different substrates. The current review attempts to present insights on phthalate hydrolases, describing their sources, structural diversities, phylogenetic affiliations and catalytically different types or classes of enzymes, categorized as diesterase, monoesterase and diesterase-monoesterase, capable of hydrolysing phthalate diester, phthalate monoester and both respectively. Furthermore, available information on in silico analyses and site-directed mutagenesis studies revealing structure-function integrity and altered enzyme kinetics have been highlighted along with the possible scenario of their evolution at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Le TM, Thi Pham CL, Nu Nguyen HM, Duong TT, Quynh Le TP, Nguyen DT, Vu ND, Minh TB, Tran TM. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of phthalic acid esters in surface sediments of three rivers in Northern Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112843. [PMID: 35101399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution status and distribution characteristics of ten typical phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were investigated in 36 sediment samples collected from three rivers in Northern Vietnam from June to October 2020. The total concentrations of PAEs in sediment samples collected from the To Lich River (n = 9), the Nhue River (n = 12), and the Day River (n = 15) were in ranges of 11,000-125,000 ng/g-dwt (mean/median: 50,000/42,200 ng/g-dwt), 2140-89,900 ng/g-dwt (mean/median: 29,300/20,700 ng/g-dwt), and 1140-43,100 ng/g-dwt (mean/median: 13,800/10,400 ng/g-dwt), respectively. Among ten PAEs studied, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was found at the highest levels in all samples meanwhile dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dipropyl phthalate (DPP) were detected at low frequency and concentration. Significant correlations have existed between the median-chain (C4-C7) PAE pairs in sediment samples. Due to the high accumulation in the sediments, the median-chain PAEs had a higher ecological risk than the short-chain (C1-C3) PAEs. These contaminants may present a longstanding influence on organisms and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Minh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Linh Thi Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ha My Nu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Ha Tinh University, Cam Vinh commune, Cam Xuyen District, Ha Tinh, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dong Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Edwards S, León-Zayas R, Ditter R, Laster H, Sheehan G, Anderson O, Beattie T, Mellies JL. Microbial Consortia and Mixed Plastic Waste: Pangenomic Analysis Reveals Potential for Degradation of Multiple Plastic Types via Previously Identified PET Degrading Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5612. [PMID: 35628419 PMCID: PMC9146961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global utilization of single-use, non-biodegradable plastics, such as bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), has contributed to catastrophic levels of plastic pollution. Fortunately, microbial communities are adapting to assimilate plastic waste. Previously, our work showed a full consortium of five bacteria capable of synergistically degrading PET. Using omics approaches, we identified the key genes implicated in PET degradation within the consortium's pangenome and transcriptome. This analysis led to the discovery of a novel PETase, EstB, which has been observed to hydrolyze the oligomer BHET and the polymer PET. Besides the genes implicated in PET degradation, many other biodegradation genes were discovered. Over 200 plastic and plasticizer degradation-related genes were discovered through the Plastic Microbial Biodegradation Database (PMBD). Diverse carbon source utilization was observed by a microbial community-based assay, which, paired with an abundant number of plastic- and plasticizer-degrading enzymes, indicates a promising possibility for mixed plastic degradation. Using RNAseq differential analysis, several genes were predicted to be involved in PET degradation, including aldehyde dehydrogenases and several classes of hydrolases. Active transcription of PET monomer metabolism was also observed, including the generation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymers. These results present an exciting opportunity for the bio-recycling of mixed plastic waste with upcycling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Edwards
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA; (S.E.); (R.D.); (H.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Rosa León-Zayas
- Biology Department, Willamette University, Salem, OR 97301, USA; (R.L.-Z.); (G.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Riyaz Ditter
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA; (S.E.); (R.D.); (H.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Helen Laster
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA; (S.E.); (R.D.); (H.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Grace Sheehan
- Biology Department, Willamette University, Salem, OR 97301, USA; (R.L.-Z.); (G.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Oliver Anderson
- Biology Department, Willamette University, Salem, OR 97301, USA; (R.L.-Z.); (G.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Toby Beattie
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA; (S.E.); (R.D.); (H.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Jay L. Mellies
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA; (S.E.); (R.D.); (H.L.); (T.B.)
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Becky Miriyam I, Anbalagan K, Magesh Kumar M. Phthalates removal from wastewater by different methods - a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2581-2600. [PMID: 35576254 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are commonly used as plasticizers to improve the durability and workability of polymeric materials, locating and identifying them in various contexts has become a major challenge. Because of their ubiquitous use in plastic packaging and personal care items, as well as their tendency to leach out of these materials, phthalates have been detected in a variety of aquatic situations, including surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater. Phthalate esters have been shown to affect reproductive health and physical growth by disrupting the endocrine system. As a result, developing energy-efficient and effective technologies to eliminate these harmful substances from the atmosphere has become more important and urgent. This paper examines the existing techniques for treating phthalates and degradation mechanisms, as well as knowledge gaps and future research directions. These technologies include adsorption, electrochemical, photocatalysis, membrane filtration and microbial degradation. Adsorption and photo catalysis are the most widely used techniques for phthalate removal, according to the literature survey papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Becky Miriyam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India E-mail:
| | - K Anbalagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India E-mail:
| | - M Magesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India E-mail:
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Tao Y, Feng C, Xu J, Shen L, Qu J, Ju H, Yan L, Chen W, Zhang Y. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate have a negative competitive effect on the nitrification of black soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133554. [PMID: 34999103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are the most widely used plasticizers for agricultural mulching films and one of the most common organic pollutants in black soil. However, little is known about the effect of these two contaminants on nitrification in black soil. This study investigated the changes of 20 mg/kg DEHP and DBP on the diversity of nitrification microbial communities, the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) related genes, and the activities of key enzymes involved in nitrification. During ammonia oxidation, DEHP and DBP had uncompetitive inhibition of urease, reducing the copy number of amoA gene, and microorganisms (Azoarcus, Streptomyces and Caulobacter) would use inorganic nitrogen as a nitrogen source for physiological growth. During nitrite oxidation, the copy number of nxrA gene also reduced, and the relative abundance of chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) decreased. Moreover, the path analysis results showed that DEHP and DBP mainly directly or indirectly affect AOB and NOB through three ways. These results help better understand the ecotoxicological effects of DEHP and DBP on AOB and NOB in black soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chong Feng
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hanxun Ju
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lilong Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Weichang Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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