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Vasconcelos EM, Braga RF, Leal GR, Carvalho RPR, Machado-Neves M, Sudano MJ, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Impact of reducing lipid content during in vitro embryo production: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Theriogenology 2024; 222:31-44. [PMID: 38615434 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
There is still no consensus regarding the role of lipid modulators during in vitro embryo production. Thus, we investigated how lipid reducers during the in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos impact their cryotolerance. A literature search was performed using three databases, recovering 43 articles for the systematic review, comprising 75 experiments (13 performed in IVM, 62 in IVC) and testing 13 substances. In 39 % of the experiments, an increase in oocyte and/or embryo survival after cryopreservation was reported, in contrast to 48 % exhibiting no effect, 5 % causing negative effects, and 8 % influencing in a dose-dependent manner. Of the 75 experiments extracted during IVM and IVC, 41 quantified the lipid content. Of those that reduced lipid content (n = 26), 50 % increased cryotolerance, 34 % had no effect, 8 % harmed oocyte/embryo survival, and 8 % had different results depending on the concentration used. Moreover, 28 out of the 43 studies were analyzed under a meta-analytical approach at the IVC stage in cattle. There was an improvement in the cryotolerance of bovine embryos when the lipid content was reduced. Forskolin, l-carnitine, and phenazine ethosulfate positively affected cryotolerance, while conjugated linoleic acid had no effect and impaired embryonic development. Moreover, fetal bovine serum has a positive impact on cryotolerance. SOF and CR1aa IVC media improved cryotolerance, while mSOF showed no effect. In conclusion, lipid modulators did not unanimously improve cryotolerance, especially when used in IVM, but presented positive effects on cryotolerance during IVC when reaching lipid reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlandia M Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP, 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rachel F Braga
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP, 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R Leal
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP, 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renner P R Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus J Sudano
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Joanna M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP, 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Dujíčková L, Olexiková L, Makarevich AV, Bartková AR, Němcová L, Chrenek P, Strejček F. Astaxanthin Added during Post-Warm Recovery Mitigated Oxidative Stress in Bovine Vitrified Oocytes and Improved Quality of Resulting Blastocysts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:556. [PMID: 38790660 PMCID: PMC11117980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Various antioxidants are tested to improve the viability and development of cryopreserved oocytes, due to their known positive health effects. The aim of this study was to find whether astaxanthin (AX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, could mitigate deteriorations that occurred during the vitrification/warming process in bovine oocytes. Astaxanthin (2.5 µM) was added to the maturation medium during the post-warm recovery period of vitrified oocytes for 3 h. Afterward, the oocytes were fertilized in vitro using frozen bull semen and presumptive zygotes were cultured in the B2 Menezo medium in a co-culture with BRL-1 cells at 38.5 °C and 5% CO2 until the blastocyst stage. AX addition significantly reduced ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and lysosomal activity, while increasing mitochondrial activity in vitrified oocytes. Although the effect of AX on embryo development was not observed, it stimulated cell proliferation in the blastocysts derived from vitrified oocytes and improved their quality by upregulation or downregulation of some genes related to apoptosis (BCL2, CAS9), oxidative stress (GPX4, CDX2), and development (GJB5) compared to the vitrified group without AX. Therefore, the antioxidant properties of astaxanthin even during short exposure to bovine vitrified/warmed oocytes resulted in improved blastocyst quality comparable to those from fresh oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Dujíčková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexander V. Makarevich
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexandra Rosenbaum Bartková
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Němcová
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - František Strejček
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Zhong S, Pan L, Wang Z, Zeng Z. Revealing Changes in Ovarian and Hemolymphatic Metabolites Using Widely Targeted Metabolomics between Newly Emerged and Laying Queens of Honeybee ( Apis mellifera). INSECTS 2024; 15:263. [PMID: 38667393 PMCID: PMC11050517 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The queen bee is a central and pivotal figure within the colony, serving as the sole fertile female responsible for its reproduction. The queen possesses an open circulatory system, with her ovaries immersed in hemolymph. A continuous and intricate transportation and interchange of substances exist between the ovaries and hemolymph of queen bees. To determine the characteristic metabolites in the hemolymph and ovary, as well as understand how their rapid metabolism contributes to the process of egg-laying by queens, we reared Apis mellifera queens from three different age groups: newly emerged queen (NEQ), newly laying queen (NLQ), and old laying queen (OLQ). Using widely targeted metabolomics, our study revealed that the laying queen (NLQ and OLQ) exhibited faster fatty acid metabolism, up-regulated expression of antioxidants, and significant depletion of amino acids compared to the NEQ. This study revealed that the levels of carnitine and antioxidants (GSH, 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, etc.) in the NLQ and OLQ were significantly higher compared to NEQ. However, most of the differentially expressed amino acids, such as L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-aspartic acid, etc., detected in NLQ and OLQ were down-regulated compared to the NEQ. Following egg-laying, pathways in the queens change significantly, e.g., Tryptophan metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, etc. Our results suggest that carnitine and antioxidants work together to maintain the redox balance of the queen. Additionally, various amino acids are responsible for maintaining the queen's egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhong
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Luxia Pan
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhijiang Zeng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
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Zhao B, Li H, Zhang H, Ren S, Li Y, Wang X, Lan X, Qiao H, Ma H, Zhang Y, Wang Y. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation during in vitro maturation on oocyte maturation and somatic cloned embryo development. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100853. [PMID: 38367331 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The quality of the recipient cytoplasm was reported as a crucial factor in maintaining the vitality of SCNT embryos and SCNT efficiency for dairy cows. Compared with oocytes matured in vivo, oocytes matured in vitro showed abnormal accumulation and metabolism of cytoplasmic lipids. L-carnitine treatment was found to control fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway, which improved the process of lipid metabolism. The results of this study show that 0.5 mg/ml L-carnitine significantly reduced the cytoplasmic lipid content relative to control. No significant difference was observed in the rate of oocyte nuclear maturation, but the in vitro developmental competence of SCNT embryos was improved in terms of increased blastocyst production and lower apoptotic index in the L-carnitine treatment group. In addition, the pregnancy rate with SCNT embryos in the treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that adding L-carnitine to the maturation culture medium could improve the developmental competence of SCNT embryos both in vitro and in vivo by reducing the lipid content of the recipient cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Heqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Subi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuelin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinrui Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hailian Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huiming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Catandi GD, Cheng MH, Chicco AJ, Chen T, Carnevale EM. L-carnitine enhances developmental potential of bovine oocytes matured under high lipid concentrations in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 252:107249. [PMID: 37119563 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity elevates non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) follicular concentrations. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured in vitro under high NEFA have altered metabolism and reduced quality. Systemically, obesity promotes altered mitochondrial metabolism linked to L-carnitine insufficiency. We hypothesized that L-carnitine supplementation during IVM of bovine COCs in the presence of high NEFA would lessen the negative effects of exposure to excessive lipids on embryonic development and oxidative stress. COCs were collected from abattoir ovaries and matured in four groups: CON (control), LC (3 mM L-carnitine), HN (high NEFA: 200uM oleic, 150uM palmitic and 75uM stearic acid), and HNLC (HN and LC). Mature oocytes were assayed for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism utilizing oxygen and pH microsensors or fertilized in vitro (D0). Cleavage (D3) and blastocyst (D7, D8) rates were assessed. D3 embryos with ≥ 4 cells were stained for cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS. D8 blastocysts were assayed for gene transcript abundance of metabolic enzymes. Oocyte metabolism was not affected by IVM treatment. D3 formation of embryos with ≥ 4 cells were lower in LC or HN than CON or HNLC; blastocyst rates were greater for CON and lower for HN than LC and HNLC. D3 embryo mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS were reduced in HNLC when compared to other groups. IVM in HN altered blastocyst gene transcript abundance when compared to CON, but not LC or HNLC. In conclusion, supplementation with L-carnitine protects oocytes exposed to high NEFA during IVM and improves their developmental competence, suggesting that high lipid exposure may lead to L-carnitine insufficiency in bovine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana D Catandi
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ming-Hao Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tom Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Bolton VN, Hayden C, Robinson M, Abdo D, Pericleous-Smith A. Human oocyte cryopreservation: revised evidence for practice. HUM FERTIL 2023:1-15. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2190987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Olexiková L, Dujíčková L, Makarevich AV, Bezdíček J, Sekaninová J, Nesvadbová A, Chrenek P. Glutathione during Post-Thaw Recovery Culture Can Mitigate Deleterious Impact of Vitrification on Bovine Oocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010035. [PMID: 36670897 PMCID: PMC9854658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrification of bovine oocytes can impair subsequent embryo development mostly due to elevated oxidative stress. This study was aimed at examining whether glutathione, a known antioxidant, can improve further embryo development when added to devitrified oocytes for a short recovery period. Bovine in vitro matured oocytes were vitrified using an ultra-rapid cooling technique on electron microscopy grids. Following warming, the oocytes were incubated in the recovery medium containing glutathione (0, 1.5, or 5 mmol L-1) for 3 h (post-warm recovery). Afterwards, the oocytes were lysed for measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), activity of peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase, and ROS formation. The impact of vitrification on mitochondrial and lysosomal activities was also examined. Since glutathione, added at 5 mmol L-1, significantly increased the TAC of warmed oocytes, in the next set of experiments this dose was applied for post-warm recovery of oocytes used for IVF. Glutathione in the recovery culture did not change the total blastocyst rate, while increased the proportion of faster developing blastocysts (Day 6-7), reduced the apoptotic cell ratio and reversed the harmful impact of vitrification on the actin cytoskeleton. These results suggest that even a short recovery culture with antioxidant(s) can improve the development of bovine devitrified oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Olexiková
- Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-654-6258
| | - Linda Dujíčková
- Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Alexander V. Makarevich
- Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Jiří Bezdíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 50, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sekaninová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Nesvadbová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 50, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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Modulation of lipid metabolism through multiple pathways during oocyte maturation and embryo culture in bovine. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:258-266. [PMID: 34405786 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation occurs in cultured embryos and is associated with reduced cryotolerance. Here we report the use of a multiple pathway lipid modulator cocktail (l-carnitine, linoleic acid and forskolin) to improve cryosurvival. First, we stained oocytes and embryos with Oil Red to examine the time course of lipid accumulation during in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo culture. Then we evaluated the effects of the lipid modulators cocktail on lipid content, developmental rates and survival after vitrification. In our conditions, lipid accumulation was detected (P < 0.05) at the end of in vitro maturation (IVM) and after 4 days of embryo culture (D4-D5). In experiment 1, we used lipid modulator cocktail during IVM. Reduced (P < 0.05) lipid accumulation was detected in oocytes (Control: 49.9 ± 1.6, Lip. Mod. IVM: 45.0 ± 1.8) but no changes were present at blastocyst stage (Control: 62.4 ± 2.6, Lip. Mod. IVM: 66.8 ± 2.7). Treated oocytes presented decreased (P < 0.05) blastocyst rates and lower (P < 0.05) re-expansion after vitrification. In experiment 2, lipid modulators cocktail was used during embryo culture (from D4-D7 or D6-D7). Treatment had an effect on lipid metabolism, as lipid content was increased (P < 0.05) in D7 blastocysts in treated groups (Control: 52.7 ± 3.1a, D4: 65.9 ± 2.6b, D6: 78.1 ± 2.7b). However, no effect was present for cleavage, blastocyst and cryosurvival rates. No difference was detected in mean cell number comparing the three groups (Control: 78.9 ± 9.6, D4: 82.6 ± 16.5, D6: 68.3 ± 7.8), but apoptosis rate was increased (P < 0.05) in vitrified-warmed blastocysts from treated groups (Control: 14.77*, D4: 22.28, D6: 22.22). We concluded that the combined use of lipid modulators was efficient to promote changes in lipid content of oocytes and embryos in bovine, but those changes did not reflect positively on embryo development or cryosurvival.
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Carrillo-González DF, Hernández-Herrera DY, Maldonado-Estrada JG. The role of L-carnitine in bovine embryo metabolism. A review of the effect of supplementation with a metabolic modulator on in vitro embryo production. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:413-423. [PMID: 34154517 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1938593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early embryo development is driven first by the maternal RNAs and proteins accumulated during the oocyte's cytoplasmic maturation and then after the embryo genome activation. In mammalian cells, ATP generation occurs via oxidative pathways or by glycolysis, whereas in embryonic stem cells, the consumption of glucose, pyruvate, lipids, and amino acids results in ATP synthesis. Although the bovine embryo has energy reserves in glycogen and lipids, the glycogen concentration is deficient. Conversely, lipids represent the most abundant energy reservoir of bovine embryos, where lipid droplets-containing triacylglycerols are the main fatty acid stores. Oocytes of many mammalian species contain comparatively high amounts of lipids stored as droplets in the ooplasm. L-carnitine has been described as a cofactor that facilitates the mobilization of fatty acids present in the oocyte's cytoplasm into the mitochondria to facilitate β-oxidation processes. However, the L-carnitine effects by addition to media in the in vitro produced embryos on the quality are highly disputed and contradictory by different researchers. This review's objective was to explore the effect that the addition of L-carnitine on culture media could have on the overall bovine embryo production in vitro, from the oocyte metabolism to the modulation of gene expression in the developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Carrillo-González
- OHVRI Research Group, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, School of Zootechny, University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia
| | | | - Juan G Maldonado-Estrada
- OHVRI Research Group, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Comparison of Different Materials for Self-Pressurized Vitrification of Feline Oocytes-First Results. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051314. [PMID: 34063659 PMCID: PMC8147606 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryobanking is a crucial part on species conservation. Nowadays, there is no suitable protocol for vitrification of feline oocytes. Self-pressurized rapid freezing of different cell types proved to mimic the advantages of high pressure freezing. As this method could also be applied for gamete rescue under field conditions, the aim here was to analyse the impact of self-pressurized vitrification on feline cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) and to determine the appropriate material. Therefore, COCs of domestic cat were randomly vitrified (n = 189) in metal tubes of different materials: Aluminium, silver, and titanium. No significant differences were found on oocytes' competence after thawing. On average, 44% of the COCs presented normal morphology and 48.2% of them showed a polar body after in vitro maturation (IVM) and were subsequently fertilised. Aluminium tubes were positive on toxicity tests, producing the lowest cleavage rates. Silver tubes showed no toxic effect, but the cleavage rate was lower than with titanium tubes, and a previous association with embryotoxicity and biological alterations makes us aware of its indiscriminate use. Titanium seems to be the only inert material of them, presenting a slightly higher maturation (55.6%) and cleavage (20%) rates. Nevertheless, more studies should follow to increase embryo competence after warming.
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Dubeibe Marin DF, Nogueira da Costa N, di Paula Bessa Santana P, Baia de Souza E, Rolim Filho ST, da Silva Cordeiro M, Ohashi OM. Influence of l-carnitine on lipid metabolism of buffalo cumulus-oocyte complexes matured in either fetal bovine serum or fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. Theriogenology 2020; 158:382-390. [PMID: 33038824 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consequences of oocyte supplementation with l-carnitine may vary depending on species-specific cellular lipid profile, level of mitochondrial activity, or even on ipid availability in culture medium. This study aimed to evaluate l-carnitine supplementation on competence and gene expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism in oocytes and cumulus cells from buffalo COCs matured in the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). COCs were matured in vitro in FBS (10%) or bovine serum albumin fatty acid-free (BSA-FAF) (0.4%) and with or without supplementation with l-carnitine (3.03 mM). COCs matured in the presence of FBS or BSA-FAF were fertilized and cultured, then supplemented with l-carnitine during in vitro maturation or in vitro embryo culture. Finally, in vivo mature and immature COCs were included for gene expression analysis. COCs matured in culture medium with FBS in the presence of l-carnitine produced a lower blastocyst rate (p ≤ 0.05) compared to controls. In turn, the blastocyst rate from COCs matured with BSA-FAF in the presence of l-carnitine was similar to controls (p > 0.05), and higher than FBS + L-carnitine treated COCs (p ≤ 0.05). Addition of l-carnitine during embryo culture showed no differences in blastocyst production between experimental groups and controls (p > 0.05). In cumulus cells, gene expression of ACACA, SCD and FASN was upregulated in COCs matured in the presence of BSA-FAF + L-carnitine, while all genes in oocytes were significantly expressed upregulated by COCs matured in vivo, and only BSA-FAF + L-carnitine group showed similar expression of the FASN gene. In conclusion, the consequences of l-carnitine supplementation during in vitro maturation of buffalo COCs on oocyte competence vary depending on presence or absence of FBS in culture. With FBS, l-carnitine impairs oocyte competence, while in its absence, gene expression suggests adequate lipid metabolism and increased oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernando Dubeibe Marin
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Nogueira da Costa
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Baia de Souza
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Tavares Rolim Filho
- Federal Rural University from Amazonia (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia-UFRA), Belém, Pará, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Marcela da Silva Cordeiro
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology from Pará - (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará - IFPA), Ananindeua, Pará, 67140-709, Brazil
| | - Otavio Mitio Ohashi
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
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12
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Abstract
Numerous factors affect vitrification success and post-thaw development of oocytes after in vitro fertilization. Therefore, elaboration of an optimal methodology ensuring higher cryotolerance of oocytes and subsequent blastocyst yield is still of great interest. This paper describes and evaluates critical factors affecting the success of oocyte vitrification. In particular, an appropriate oocyte stage such as maturation status (germinal vesicle stage, metaphase II stage), presence/absence of cumulus cells before vitrification, and the effect of follicle size, as well as different culture systems and media for in vitro production of embryos, the types and concentrations of cryoprotectants, and cooling and warming rates at vitrification are considered. Special attention is paid to various cryocarriers used for low-volume vitrification, which ensures safe storage of oocytes/embryos in liquid nitrogen and their successful post-thaw recovery. At the end, we focussed on how age of oocyte donors (heifers, cows) influences post-thaw development. This review summarizes results of recently published studies describing different methodologies of cryopreservation and post-thaw oocyte development with the main focus on vitrification of bovine oocytes.
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13
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Barberet J, Barry F, Choux C, Guilleman M, Karoui S, Simonot R, Bruno C, Fauque P. What impact does oocyte vitrification have on epigenetics and gene expression? Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:121. [PMID: 32778156 PMCID: PMC7418205 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have a moderate risk for a number of adverse events and conditions. The question whether this additional risk is associated with specific procedures used in ART or whether it is related to the intrinsic biological factors associated with infertility remains unresolved. One of the main hypotheses is that laboratory procedures could have an effect on the epigenome of gametes and embryos. This suspicion is linked to the fact that ART procedures occur precisely during the period when there are major changes in the organization of the epigenome. Oocyte freezing protocols are generally considered safe; however, some evidence suggests that vitrification may be associated with modifications of the epigenetic marks. In this manuscript, after describing the main changes that occur during epigenetic reprogramming, we will provide current information regarding the impact of oocyte vitrification on epigenetic regulation and the consequences on gene expression, both in animals and humans. Overall, the literature suggests that epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles are sensitive to the stress induced by oocyte vitrification, and it also underlines the need to improve our knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Barberet
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Fatima Barry
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Choux
- Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Magali Guilleman
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sara Karoui
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Raymond Simonot
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Céline Bruno
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
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14
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Carrillo-González DF, Rodríguez-Osorio N, Long CR, Vásquez-Araque NA, Maldonado-Estrada JG. l-Carnitine Supplementation during In Vitro Maturation and In Vitro Culture Does not Affect the Survival Rates after Vitrification and Warming but Alters Inf-T and ptgs2 Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165601. [PMID: 32764334 PMCID: PMC7460650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-carnitine is a potent antioxidant used for in vitro culture systems. Controversial results have been reported using l-carnitine in culture medium at different stages of in vitro bovine embryo production. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (n = 843) were in vitro-fertilized and cultured and added (treatment group) or not added (control group) with l-carnitine. At day three of culture, each group was subdivided into two subgroups receiving no l-carnitine (group 1), 3.8 mM l-carnitine added during in vitro maturation (group 2), 1.5 mM added during the in vitro culture (group 3), and 3.8 mM and 1.5 mM added during the maturation and culture, respectively (group 4). At day 8, blastocyst embryos were examined for mitochondrial activity, the presence of lipid droplets, total cell number, gene expression, and cryotolerance by vitrification. The data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance. l-carnitine added in the late in vitro culture significantly reduced mitochondrial activity and lipid content, and upregulated ifn-τ and ptgs2 gene expression compared to controls (p < 0.05). l-carnitine supplementation did not significantly affect the embryo rate production or survival rate after vitrification and warming (p > 0.05). l-carnitine supplementation significantly improved embryo potential to develop viable pregnancies in agreement with a study reporting improved pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Carrillo-González
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development (OHVRI) Group, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050034, Colombia;
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, School of Zootechny, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-31-12-782241
| | - Nélida Rodríguez-Osorio
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Salto Campus, Rivera 1350, Salto 50000, Uruguay;
| | - Charles R. Long
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Neil A. Vásquez-Araque
- Grupo de investigación Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia;
| | - Juan G. Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development (OHVRI) Group, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050034, Colombia;
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15
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Carrillo-González DF, Maldonado-Estrada JG. L-carnitine supplementation in culture media improves the pregnancy rate of in vitro produced embryos with sexed semen from Bos taurus indicus cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2559-2565. [PMID: 32440939 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro embryo production industry in the actual world presents some difficulties related to low embryonic production rates, a problem that could be associated with in vitro culture conditions that differed from the in vivo (oviductal) conditions, mainly related to cytoplasmic lipid accumulation. L-carnitine is known as a modulator of β-oxidation in the developing embryo, as it has been demonstrated that it improves embryo quality without affecting the in vitro embryo production rate. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine supplemented during the in vitro maturation and culture processes on the implantation rate of in vitro produced embryos. Supplementation with 3.8 mM of L-carnitine was used during in vitro maturation, and later, during late in vitro culture, it was added at 1.5 mM. A control group contained no L-carnitine supplementation. Bovine oocytes obtained by ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration from healthy Bos taurus indicus cows were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. Multiparous F1 (Bos taurus taurus × Bos taurus indicus) cows were used as recipients. Overall, 460 oocytes were processed in three independent replicates from in vitro maturation until day 8 of the in vitro culture. No significant difference was found between treatments of in vitro embryo production. However, pregnancy rate at days 45 and 72 was significantly higher in blastocysts derived from L-carnitine treatment (31.55 ± 9.78%) compared to the control group (18.68 ± 6.31%). In conclusion, addition of L-carnitine at 3.8 mM and 1.5 mM in the maturation, and culture medium after day 3 of in vitro production process, significantly improved pregnancy rate after embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Carrillo-González
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development (OHVRI) Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, 050034, Medellin, Colombia. .,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, School of Zootechny, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia.
| | - Juan G Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development (OHVRI) Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, 050034, Medellin, Colombia
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16
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Ferré LB, Kjelland ME, Taiyeb AM, Campos-Chillon F, Ross PJ. Recent progress in bovine in vitro-derived embryo cryotolerance: Impact of in vitro culture systems, advances in cryopreservation and future considerations. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:659-676. [PMID: 32144939 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of in vitro-derived bovine embryos is a crucial step for the widespread reproduction and conservation of valuable high-merit animals. Given the current popularity of bovine in vitro embryo production (IVP), there is a demand for a highly efficient ultra-low temperature storage method in order to maximize donor ovum pickup (OPU) turn-over, recipient availability/utilization and domestic/overseas commercial trading opportunities. However, IVP bovine embryos are still very sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation, and despite recent progress, a convenient (simple and robust) protocol has not yet been developed. At the moment, there are two methods for bovine IVP embryo cryopreservation: slow programmable freezing and vitrification. Both of the aforementioned techniques have pros and cons. While controlled-rate slow cooling can easily be adapted for direct transfer (DT), ice crystal formation remains an issue. On the other hand, vitrification solved this problem but the possibility of successful DT commercial incorporation remains to be determined. Moreover, simplification of the vitrification protocol (including warming) through the use of an in-straw dilution without the use of a microscope is a prerequisite for its use under farm conditions. This review summarizes the bovine IVP embryo cryopreservation achievements, strengths and limitations of both freezing systems and prospective improvements to enhance cryosurvival, as well as perspectives on future directions of this assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Ferré
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael E Kjelland
- Conservation, Genetics & Biotech, LLC, Valley City, ND, USA.,Mayville State University, Mayville, ND, USA
| | - Ahmed M Taiyeb
- Conservation, Genetics & Biotech, LLC, Valley City, ND, USA.,Barz IVF Center for Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Fernando Campos-Chillon
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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17
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Is it possible to alter the embryo lipid accumulation with reduction of fetal bovine serum and use of l-carnitine for in vitro maturation of bubaline oocytes? ZYGOTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s096719941900073x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn vitro embryo production (IVEP) is a procedure that can promote genetic improvement in a short time frame. However, the success rates obtained with this biotechnology in water buffaloes are still inconsistent, and can be associated with the high concentration of lipids in the cytoplasm of oocytes and embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduced concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and/or use of l-carnitine during in vitro maturation (IVM) on the preimplantation development and lipid accumulation in bubaline embryos. In a first experiment, the lowest concentration of FBS in the IVM medium (0%, 2.5%, 5% or 10%) was determined, and the lowest concentration that maintained good embryo development rates was 5%. In a second experiment, the addition of 5 mM of l-carnitine into the maturation medium was evaluated. The blastocysts produced were submitted to lipid evaluation involving staining followed by observation using optical (Oil Red O) and confocal (BODIPY 493/503) microscopy. No difference was observed between the 5% and 10% FBS groups, which were superior to the 0% and 2.5% groups. Furthermore, the performance of the groups treated with 5% and 10% FBS was better than the groups supplemented with l-carnitine. There was no difference regarding embryo lipid accumulation. The results indicated that it is possible to reduce the FBS concentration to 5% in in vitro maturation medium for production of bubaline embryos, and supplementation with 5 mM l-carnitine does not increase embryo production.
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18
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Liang Y, Yoisungnern T, Huang Y, Parnpai R. Effects of L-carnitine on embryo development of vitrified swamp buffalo oocytes following in vitro fertilization. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Shafiei G, Almasi M, Nikzad H, Miyan J, Mahabadi JA, Moshkdanian G. l-carnitine reduces the adverse effects of ROS and up-regulates the expression of implantation related genes in in vitro developed mouse embryos. Theriogenology 2020; 145:59-66. [PMID: 31986302 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro developed embryos are inevitably exposed to various reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may decrease the embryo's competence in assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. Optimization of embryo culture media using antioxidant agents could help to improve embryo quality and could overcome failures in current ART. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of l-carnitine (LC), an enhancer of mitochondrial activity and free radical scavenger, in culture media on early embryo competence and expression of ErbB1 and ErbB4 implantation related genes. Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in the following four conditions: 1. LC group in media containing LC; 2.H 2O2 group exposed to H2O2 for 30 min and then transferred into a simple media; 3.H2O2+LC group exposed to H2O2 for 30 min and then transferred into a simple media containing LC; 4.the control group kept throughout in simple media. All groups were allowed to develop until the blastocyst stage. ErbB1 and ErbB4 expression were evaluated by Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. The expression of Sirt3 gene was also evaluated. Intracellular ROS levels were examined by DCFH-DA fluorescence intensity. In order to assess the morphological quality of the embryos, ICM and OCM number blastocyst cells were evaluated by using Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining. ErbB1, ErbB4, ROS levels and cell number were compared across all in vitro groups. Our data reveal that LC significantly increases ErbB1 and ErbB4 gene and protein expression with intracellular ROS levels and Sirt3 gene expression significantly decreased after LC treatment. It is worth noting that an elevated cell number was observed in the LC-treated group compared with the other groups suggesting increased viability and/or proliferation. Our findings suggest that the use of LC could be helpful to improve preimplantation embryo culture media through its effects in decreasing ROS levels and the increase of implantation-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Shafiei
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Almasi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jaleel Miyan
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Moshkdanian
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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20
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Dias LRO, Leme LO, Sprícigo JFW, Pivato I, Dode MAN. Effect of delipidant agents during in vitro culture on the development, lipid content, gene expression and cryotolerance of bovine embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 55:11-20. [PMID: 31650647 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro produced embryos are still sensitive to the freezing process which can be explained, in part, by the high-lipid accumulation that characterizes these embryos. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of delipidating agents, L-carnitine and the trans-10 cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, on blastocyst development, lipid content, gene expression and cryotolerance when added to embryo culture media. Embryos were cultured in four different media: T1: control (n = 616), synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) media with 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS); T2: L-carnitine (n = 648), SOF medium with 5% FBS and 0.6 mg/ml of L-carnitine; T3: CLA (n = 627), SOF medium with 5% FBS and 100 μM trans-10 cis-12 CLA; and T4: L-carnitine + CLA: (n = 597), SOF medium with 5% FBS plus 0.6 mg/ml L-carnitine and 100 μM trans-10 cis-12 CLA. Supplementation of culture medium with either or both delipidating agents reduced (p < .05) blastocyst rate on D7 (T1 = 49 ± 3.5; T2 = 39 ± 3.0; T3 = 42 ± 3.9 and T4 = 39 ± 3.9), but did not affected gene expression (p > .05). Although embryos cultured in the presence of L-carnitine contained fewer (p < .05) lipid droplets than the control embryos, they showed a lower re-expansion rate 24 hr post-thaw than those (p < .05). In conclusion, although L-carnitine reduced the amount of lipids in cultured embryos, the use of L-carnitine and CLA during in vitro culture was not able to improve the embryo production and the response to cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivo Pivato
- University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Margot Alves Nunes Dode
- University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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21
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Dubeibe Marin DF, da Costa NN, di Paula Bessa Santana P, de Souza EB, Ohashi OM. Importance of lipid metabolism on oocyte maturation and early embryo development: Can we apply what we know to buffalo? Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 211:106220. [PMID: 31785645 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge about the biological events that regulate lipid metabolism in oocytes and embryos in buffalo is scarce. Lipogenesis, lipolysis, transport and oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) occur in gametes and embryonic cells of all mammalian species, as an intrinsic component of energy metabolism. In oocytes and cumulus cells, degradation of lipids is responsible for the production of ATP that is essential for the metabolic processes that lead to oocyte maturation in in vivo and in vitro culture conditions. Similarly, throughout embryo development, blastomeres have the capacity to use exogenous and/or endogenous lipid reserves to serve as an energy source necessary for early embryonic development. In addition, supplementation of culture media with L-carnitine to promote lipid metabolism during in vitro oocyte maturation and early embryonic development leads to an improved embryo quality. The limited scientific evidence available in buffalo indicates there is relatively greater oocyte lipid content as compared with many other species that undergoes a dynamic distribution during folliculogenesis and follicle maturation and that has a positive effect on oocyte maturation and embryo development when there is L-carnitine supplementation of the media. Advances in the understanding of the biological peculiarities of lipid metabolism, and the consequences of its alteration on the quality of buffalo gametes and embryos, therefore, are necessary to design specific culture media and laboratory procedures as a strategy to increase in vitro-derived embryo production rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernando Dubeibe Marin
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará, (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Nogueira da Costa
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará, (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Baia de Souza
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará, (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Otavio Mitio Ohashi
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará, (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
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22
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Jeong SG, Lee SE, Kim WJ, Park YG, Yoon JW, Park CO, Park HJ, Kim EY, Park SP. Pioglitazone improves porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent parthenogenetic embryo development in vitro by increasing lipid metabolism. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1245-1254. [PMID: 31429176 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of culture conditions is important to improve oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development. In particular, this study analyzed the effects of increasing concentrations of PIO in the maturation medium on spindle formation and chromosome alignment, glutathione, and intracellular ROS levels and expression of selected genes related to maternal markers, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. The percentage of oocytes displaying normal spindle formation and chromosome alignment was higher in the 1 µM PIO (1 PIO)-treated group than in the control group. The glutathione level was significantly higher in the 1 PIO-treated group than in the control group, while the reactive oxygen species level did not differ. Expression of maternal marker (MOS and GDF9), antiapoptotic (BIRC5), and lipid metabolism-related (ACADS, CPT2, SREBF1, and PPARG) genes was higher in the 1 PIO-treated group than in the control group, while expression of a proapoptotic gene (CASP3) was lower. The blastocyst formation rate and the percentage of blastocysts that reached at least the hatching stage on Days 6 and 7, and the percentage of blastocysts containing more than 128 cells were significantly higher in the 1 PIO-treated group than in the control group. These results indicate that PIO treatment during in vitro maturation improves porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent parthenogenetic embryo development mainly by enhancing lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gi Jeong
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Won-Jae Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Yun-Gwi Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Yoon
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Chan-Oh Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Mogas T. Update on the vitrification of bovine oocytes and invitro-produced embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:105-117. [PMID: 32188546 DOI: 10.1071/rd18345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined use of reproductive technologies, such as transvaginal ovum-pick up and invitro embryo production followed by direct transfer of cryopreserved embryos, has great potential for enhancing genetic selection and optimising cross-breeding schemes in beef and dairy cattle production systems. This, along with an effective cryopreservation procedure for cow oocytes, will enable the long-term conservation of female genetic traits and the advance of embryo biotechnology in this species. However, the low fertilisation rates and developmental competence of cryopreserved oocytes still need to be improved. Over the past two decades, many research efforts tried to overcome individual features of the bovine oocyte that make it notoriously difficult to cryopreserve. In addition, pregnancy rates associated with invitro-produced (IVP) embryos remain lower than those obtained using invivo counterparts. This, together with a lack of a standard methodology for IVP embryo cryopreservation that provides easier and more practical logistics for the transfer of IVP embryos on farms, has hindered international genetic trade and the management of embryo banks. This review updates developments in oocyte and IVP embryo vitrification strategies targeting high production efficiency and better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mogas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain. Email
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24
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Kim MK, Park JK, Paek SK, Kim JW, Kwak IP, Lee HJ, Lyu SW, Lee WS. Effects and pregnancy outcomes of L-carnitine supplementation in culture media for human embryo development from in vitro
fertilization. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:2059-2066. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science; CHA University; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Paek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - In Pyung Kwak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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25
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Pitchayapipatkul J, Somfai T, Matoba S, Parnpai R, Nagai T, Geshi M, Vongpralub T. Microtubule stabilisers docetaxel and paclitaxel reduce spindle damage and maintain the developmental competence of in vitro-mature bovine oocytes during vitrification. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:2028-2039. [PMID: 28147214 DOI: 10.1071/rd16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of docetaxel (DT) and paclitaxel (PT) in reducing spindle damage during vitrification and maintaining the developmental competence of in vitro-matured (IVM) bovine oocytes after vitrification and warming. Pretreatment of IVM oocytes with 0.05µM DT for 30min before vitrification resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) rates of oocyte survival and cleavage after IVF, as well as subsequent blastocyst rates on Days 7-9 and hatching on Days 8-9, compared with oocytes pretreated with 1.0µM PT before vitrification or those vitrified without pretreatment. When nuclear status and spindle morphology of vitrified oocytes were assess after warming by immunostaining, DT pretreatment before vitrification resulted in a significantly higher (P<0.05) percentage of oocytes at the MII stage with a normal, intact spindle compared with PT pretreatment or no pretreatment, but the percentage of MII oocytes was still significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the control group. Pretreatment of IVM bovine oocytes with 0.05µM DT or 1.0µM PT for 30min before vitrification reduces spindle damage to the same extent, without side effects on fertilisation and development. Pretreatment with 0.05µM DT improved the developmental competence of vitrified-warmed oocytes to a greater degree than 1.0µM PT pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamás Somfai
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation (NARO) Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Satoko Matoba
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation (NARO) Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Rangsan Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Taipei 10648, Taiwan
| | - Masaya Geshi
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation (NARO) Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Thevin Vongpralub
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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26
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Quan G, Wu G, Hong Q. Oocyte Cryopreservation Based in Sheep: The Current Status and Future Perspective. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:535-547. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Quan
- Department of Herbivore Science, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guoquan Wu
- Department of Herbivore Science, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Department of Herbivore Science, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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27
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Cabral REL, Mendes TB, Vendramini V, Miraglia SM. Carnitine partially improves oxidative stress, acrosome integrity, and reproductive competence in doxorubicin-treated rats. Andrology 2017; 6:236-246. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. L. Cabral
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - T. B. Mendes
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - V. Vendramini
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - S. M. Miraglia
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
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28
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Supplementation of l-carnitine during in vitro maturation improves embryo development from less competent bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2017; 102:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Juanpanich T, Suttirojpattana T, Takayama M, Liang Y, Dochi O, Parnpai R, Imai K. Survival and developmental competence of bovine embryos at different developmental stages and separated blastomeres after vitrification in different solutions. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:42-51. [PMID: 28856787 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Generating techniques to enhance the success of blastomere separation is important for bovine economy, because it increases the number of transferable embryos. This study aimed to identify the optimum cryoprotectants for the vitrification of bovine embryos and the separation of blastomeres at different stages. In experiment 1, expanded blastocysts were vitrified in two different vitrification solutions, either (1) ethylene glycol (EG) + propylene glycol (PG) or (2) EG. The survival rate of blastocysts in the EG + PG was higher than that of the EG. In experiment 2, intact two-cell and eight-cell stage embryos were vitrified in the same solutions used in experiment 1. The EG + PG produced more dead embryos than the EG (P < 0.05). In the EG, the rate of blastocyst formation was similar for the vitrified two- and eight-cell embryos and the non-vitrified ywo-cell embryos. In experiment 3, separated blastomeres of two- and eight-cell embryos were vitrified in EG. There was no difference in the rate of blastocyst formation and total number of cells between the two vitrified groups. In summary, at the blastocyst stage, EG + PG was superior, based on both survival rates and cell numbers; however, at the 2-8 cell stage, the use of EG alone was better than the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theesit Juanpanich
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tayita Suttirojpattana
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mari Takayama
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Osamu Dochi
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kei Imai
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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30
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Fathi M, El-Shahat KH. L-carnitine enhances oocyte maturation and improves in vitro development of embryos in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries). Theriogenology 2017; 104:18-22. [PMID: 28802113 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of L-carnitine (LC) addition during either IVM or IVC on the developmental potential of camel oocytes. In Experiment 1; camel oocytes were matured in the absence (control) or presence of different concentrations of LC (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg and 1 mg/ml) for 30 h followed by in vitro fertilization and culture up to blastocyst stage. Our results demonstrated that oocytes treated with 0.5 mg/ml LC showed higher (P < 0.05) rates of maturation (74.7%) and fertilization (62.2%) compared with control group, 0.25 and 1 mg/ml of LC (60.2, 63.9, 59.7; 46.2, 48.7, 47.6%, respectively). Addition of 0.5 mg/ml of LC to IVM medium improved the rates of cleavage and embryo development (morula and blastocyst) than those obtained in the control group, 0.25 and 1 mg/ml of LC. No significant differences were noticed between 0.5 and 0.75 mg/ml of LC supplemented groups in term of maturation, fertilization and culture. In Experiment 2; zygotes resulting from in vitro matured (without LC) and fertilized were cultured in embryo culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of LC (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg and 1 mg/ml) or without LC (control). Also, the results showed a higher developmental rates to morula and blastocyst stages while adding L-carnitine at a level of 0.5 or 0.75 mg/ml concentration in the culture medium during IVC when compared with other groups. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the usefulness of L-carnitine supplementation at the level of 0.5 mg/ml during IVM or IVC after on the developmental potential of camel oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fathi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - K H El-Shahat
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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31
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Tashima K, Kubo Y, Hirabayashi M, Hochi S. Downsizing cumulus cell layers to improve cryotolerance of germinal vesicle-stage bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2017; 95:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Wang N, Li CY, Zhu HB, Hao HS, Wang HY, Yan CL, Zhao SJ, Du WH, Wang D, Liu Y, Pang YW, Zhao XM. Effect of vitrification on the mRNA transcriptome of bovine oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:531-541. [PMID: 28295644 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification has been shown to decrease the developmental capacity of mammalian oocytes, and this is closely associated with the abnormal mRNA expressions of vitrified oocytes. However, the effect of vitrification on transcriptional machinery of oocytes examined by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has yet to be defined. In the present study, the mRNA transcriptomes of fresh and vitrified bovine oocytes were analysed by Smart-seq2 with the differently expressed genes determined by DEseq2 (an adjusted p-value of .05 and a minimum fold change of 2). The differentially expressed mRNAs were then searched against the Gene Ontology (GO) and Genomes (KEGG) database. Finally, the mRNA expressions of 10 candidate genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Approximately 12,000 genes were detected in each sample of fresh or vitrified oocytes. Of these, the expression levels of 102 genes differed significantly in vitrified groups: 12 genes mainly involved in cell cycle, fertilization and glucose metabolism were upregulated, and 90 genes mainly involved in mitochondria, ribosomal protein, cytoskeleton, transmembrane protein, cell cycle and calcium ions were downregulated. GO analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in terms of membrane-bounded organelles, macromolecular complex, and intracellular part. The mRNA expression levels of 10 candidate genes selected randomly were in agreement with the results of the RNA-seq. In conclusion, our results showed that vitrification affected the mRNA transcriptome of bovine oocytes by downregulating genes, which contributed to the decreased developmental capacity of vitrified oocytes. Our findings will be useful in determining approaches to improve the efficiency of vitrified oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - C-Y Li
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - H-B Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - H-S Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - H-Y Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - C-L Yan
- Livestock and Poultry Import & Export Dept, China Animal Husbandry Group (CAHG), Beijing, China
| | - S-J Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - W-H Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - D Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Y-W Pang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - X-M Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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33
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Assessment of the effect of adding L-carnitine and/or resveratrol to maturation medium before vitrification on in vitro -matured calf oocytes. Theriogenology 2017; 89:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Khanmohammadi N, Movahedin M, Safari M, Sameni HR, Yousefi B, Jafari B, Zarbakhsh S. Effect of L-carnitine on in vitro developmental rate, the zona pellucida and hatching of blastocysts and their cell numbers in mouse embryos. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.10.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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35
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Hochi S. Microtubule assembly crucial to bovine embryonic development in assisted reproductive technologies. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1076-83. [PMID: 27169525 PMCID: PMC5084824 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome integrity and microtubule network are crucial to the events around fertilization, including pronuclear development, migration and fusion, and the first mitotic division. The present review highlights the importance of bull spermatozoal centrosomes to function as a microtubule‐organizing center for successful fertilization and the subsequent embryonic development. Spermatozoal centrosomes need to be blended with ooplasmic pericentriolar materials accurately to nucleate and organize the sperm aster. Dysfunction of the spermatozoal centrosomes is associated with fertilization failure, which has been overcome with supplemental stimuli for oocyte activation following intracytoplasmic sperm injection in humans. Even though the spermatozoal centrosomes are functionally intact, abnormal sperm aster formation was frequently observed in vitrified‐warmed bovine oocytes, with delayed pronuclear development and migration. Treatment of the post‐warm oocytes with Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinase inhibitor or α‐tocopherol inhibited the incidence of the abnormal aster formation, resulting in higher blastocyst yields following in vitro fertilization and culture. Thus, understanding of centrosomal function made it possible to improve the performance of advanced reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hochi
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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36
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Zhao XM, Hao HS, Du WH, Zhao SJ, Wang HY, Wang N, Wang D, Liu Y, Qin T, Zhu HB. Melatonin inhibits apoptosis and improves the developmental potential of vitrified bovine oocytes. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:132-41. [PMID: 26485053 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification of oocytes has been shown to be closely associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic events. However, little information is available the effect of melatonin on the ROS levels and apoptotic events in vitrified oocytes. Therefore, we studied the effect of melatonin on ROS and apoptotic events in vitrified bovine oocytes by supplementing vitrification solution or in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrification solution with 10(-9) m melatonin. We analyzed the ROS, mitochondrial Ca(2+) (mCa(2+) ) and membrane potential (ΔΨm), externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, mRNA expression levels of Bax and Bcl2 l1, and developmental potential of vitrified bovine oocytes. Vitrified bovine oocytes exhibited increased levels of ROS, mCa(2+) , Bax mRNA, and caspase-3 protein and higher rates of PS externalization and DNA fragmentation, and decreased ΔΨm and Bcl2 l1 mRNA expression level. However, melatonin supplementation in vitrification solution or IVM and vitrification solution significantly decreased the levels of ROS, mCa(2+) , Bax mRNA expression, and caspase-3 protein, and PS externalization and DNA fragmentation rates, and increased the ΔΨm and Bcl2 l1 mRNA expression level in vitrified oocytes, resulting in an increased developmental ability of vitrified bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation. The developmental ability of vitrified oocytes with melatonin supplementation in IVM and vitrification solution was similar to that of fresh ones. This study showed that supplementing the IVM and vitrification medium or vitrification medium with 10(-9) m melatonin significantly decreased the ROS level and inhibited apoptotic events of vitrified bovine oocytes, consequently increasing their developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Jiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tong Qin
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Bin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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37
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Giorgi VSI, Da Broi MG, Paz CCP, Ferriani RA, Navarro PA. N-Acetyl-Cysteine and l-Carnitine Prevent Meiotic Oocyte Damage Induced by Follicular Fluid From Infertile Women With Mild Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:342-51. [PMID: 26342050 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115602772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential protective effect of the antioxidants, l-carnitine (LC) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), in preventing meiotic oocyte damage induced by follicular fluid (FF) from infertile women with mild endometriosis (ME). We performed an experimental study. The FF samples were obtained from 22 infertile women undergoing stimulated cycles for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (11 with ME and 11 without endometriosis). Immature bovine oocytes were submitted to in vitro maturation (IVM) divided into 9 groups: no-FF (No-FF); with FF from control (CFF) or ME (EFF) groups; and with LC (C + LC and E + LC), NAC (C + NAC and E + NAC), or both antioxidants (C + 2Ao and E + 2Ao). After IVM, oocytes were immunostained for visualization of microtubules and chromatin by confocal microscopy. The percentage of meiotically normal metaphase II (MII) oocytes was significantly lower in the EFF group (51.35%) compared to No-FF (86.36%) and CFF (83.52%) groups. The E + NAC (62.22%), E + LC (80.61%), and E + 2Ao (61.40%) groups showed higher percentage of normal MII than EFF group. The E + LC group showed higher percentage of normal MII than E + NAC and E + 2Ao groups and a similar percentage to No-FF and CFF groups. Therefore, FF from infertile women with ME causes meiotic abnormalities in bovine oocytes, and, for the first time, we demonstrated that the use of NAC and LC prevents these damages. Our findings elucidate part of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in infertility associated with ME and open perspectives for further studies investigating whether the use of LC could improve the natural fertility and/or the results of in vitro fertilization of women with ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S I Giorgi
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele G Da Broi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C P Paz
- National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, CNPq, Brazil
| | - Rui A Ferriani
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, CNPq, Brazil
| | - Paula A Navarro
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, CNPq, Brazil
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Yashiro I, Tagiri M, Ogawa H, Tashima K, Takashima S, Hara H, Hirabayashi M, Hochi S. High revivability of vitrified-warmed bovine mature oocytes after recovery culture with α-tocopherol. Reproduction 2015; 149:347-55. [PMID: 25628440 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether developmental competence of vitrified-warmed bovine oocytes can be improved by antioxidant treatment during recovery culture. In experiment 1, one of the two antioxidants (either l-ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol) was added as a supplement to the recovery culture medium to which postwarming oocytes were exposed for 2 h before IVF. The exposure to α-tocopherol had a positive effect on rescuing the oocytes as assessed by the blastocyst yield 8 days after the IVF (35.1-36.3% vs 19.2-25.8% in untreated postwarming oocytes). Quality of expanding blastocysts harvested on Day 8 was comparable between α-tocopherol-treated vitrification group and fresh control group in terms of total cell number and chromosomal ploidy. In experiment 2, level of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial activity, and distribution of cortical granules in α-tocopherol-treated postwarming oocytes were assessed. No obvious differences from the control data were found in these parameters. However, the treatment with α-tocopherol increased the percentage of zygotes exhibiting normal single aster formation (90.3% vs 48.0% in untreated postwarming oocytes; 10 h post-IVF). It was concluded that α-tocopherol treatment of vitrified-warmed bovine mature oocytes during recovery culture can improve their revivability, as shown by the high blastocyst yield and the higher mean total cell number in the blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Yashiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Miho Tagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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Baldoceda L, Gagné D, Ferreira CR, Robert C. Genetic influence on the reduction in bovine embryo lipid content by l-carnitine. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14215. [PMID: 25568931 DOI: 10.1071/rd14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The decreased rate of pregnancy obtained in cattle using frozen in vitro embryos compared with in vivo embryos has been associated with over-accumulation of intracellular lipid, which causes cell damage during cryopreservation. It is believed that the higher lipid content of blastomeres of bovine embryos produced in vitro results in darker-coloured cytoplasm, which could be a consequence of impaired mitochondrial function. In this study, l-carnitine was used as a treatment to reduce embryonic lipid content by increasing metabolism in cultured bovine embryos. We have observed previously that in vivo embryos of different dairy breeds collected from cows housed and fed under the same conditions differed in lipid content and metabolism. As such, breed effects between Holstein and Jersey were also examined in terms of general appearance, lipid composition, mitochondrial activity and gene expression. Adding l-carnitine to the embryo culture medium reduced the lipid content in both breeds due to increased mitochondrial activity. The response to l-carnitine was weaker in Jersey than in Holstein embryos. Our results thus show that genetics influence the response of bovine embryos to stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Baldoceda-Baldeon LM, Gagné D, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Robert C. Improvement of bovine in vitro embryo production by vitamin K₂ supplementation. Reproduction 2014; 148:489-97. [PMID: 25161289 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role during early development in mammalian embryos. It has been shown that properly controlled follicular preparation increases the likelihood of in-vitro-produced bovine embryos reaching the blastocyst stage and that competent embryos exhibit heightened expression of genes associated with mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that apparently incompetent embryos could be rescued by restoring mitochondrial function. It has been shown that vitamin K2 (a membrane-bound electron carrier similar to ubiquinone) can restore mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotic cells. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of vitamin K2 on bovine embryonic development in vitro. The vitamin was found most effective when added 72 h after fertilization. It produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the percentage of blastocysts (+8.6%), more expanded blastocysts (+7.8%), and embryos of better morphological quality. It improved the mitochondrial activity significantly and had a measurable impact on gene expression. This is the first demonstration that current standard conditions of in vitro production of bovine embryos may be inadequate due to the lack of support for mitochondrial function and may be improved significantly by supplementing the culture medium with vitamin K2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Baldoceda-Baldeon
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Early Embryonic DevelopmentFaculté des Sciences de L'Agriculture et de L'Alimentation, Pavillon des Services, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Local 2742, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6L'Alliance BoviteqInc., 19320 Grand Rang St-François, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2T 5H1
| | - Dominic Gagné
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Early Embryonic DevelopmentFaculté des Sciences de L'Agriculture et de L'Alimentation, Pavillon des Services, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Local 2742, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6L'Alliance BoviteqInc., 19320 Grand Rang St-François, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2T 5H1
| | - Christian Vigneault
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Early Embryonic DevelopmentFaculté des Sciences de L'Agriculture et de L'Alimentation, Pavillon des Services, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Local 2742, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6L'Alliance BoviteqInc., 19320 Grand Rang St-François, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2T 5H1
| | - Patrick Blondin
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Early Embryonic DevelopmentFaculté des Sciences de L'Agriculture et de L'Alimentation, Pavillon des Services, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Local 2742, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6L'Alliance BoviteqInc., 19320 Grand Rang St-François, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2T 5H1
| | - Claude Robert
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Early Embryonic DevelopmentFaculté des Sciences de L'Agriculture et de L'Alimentation, Pavillon des Services, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Local 2742, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6L'Alliance BoviteqInc., 19320 Grand Rang St-François, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2T 5H1
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Recent progress in cryopreservation of bovine oocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:570647. [PMID: 24738063 PMCID: PMC3971499 DOI: 10.1155/2014/570647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Principle of oocyte cryoinjury is first overviewed and then research history of cryopreservation using bovine oocytes is summarized for the last two decades with a few special references to recent progresses. Various types of cryodevices have been developed to accelerate the cooling rate and applied to the oocytes from large domestic species enriched with cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Two recent approaches include the qualitative improvement of IVM oocytes prior to the vitrification and the short-term recovery culture of vitrified-warmed oocytes prior to the subsequent IVF. Supplementation of L-carnitine to IVM medium of bovine oocytes has been reported to reduce the amount of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and improve the cryotolerance of the oocytes, but it is still controversial whether the positive effect of L-carnitine is reproducible. Incidence of multiple aster formation, a possible cause for low developmental potential of vitrified-warmed bovine oocytes, was inhibited by a short-term culture of the postwarm oocytes in the presence of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Use of an antioxidant α-tocopherol, instead of the ROCK inhibitor, also supported the revivability of the postwarm bovine oocytes. Further improvements of the vitrification procedure, combined with pre- and postvitrification chemical treatment, would overcome the high sensitivity of bovine oocytes to cryopreservation.
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Várnagy Á, Bene J, Sulyok E, Kovács GL, Bódis J, Melegh B. Acylcarnitine esters profiling of serum and follicular fluid in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:67. [PMID: 23866102 PMCID: PMC3724743 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-carnitine-mediated beta-oxidation of fatty acids has a well established role in energy supply of oocytes and embryos. Disturbed carnitine metabolism may impair the reproductive potential in IVF and can serve as a biomarker of pregnancy outcome. METHODS Our study was performed between March 24, 2011 and May 9, 2011. We performed 44 unselected IVF cycles, (aged 23-40 years (mean: 32.3+/-5.1 years) and had BMI of 17.3-34.7 (mean: 23.80+/-4.9). Samples were also obtained from 18 healthy women of similar age admitted for minor elective surgery to serve as control for plasma carnitine profile. Serum and follicular fluid (FF) free carnitine (FC) and 20 major acylcarnitines (ACs) were measured by ESI/MS/MS method. RESULTS Serum FC and AC levels in IVF patients were comparable to those in healthy control women. In FF FC and short-chain AC concentrations were similar to those in maternal serum, however, the levels of medium-chain, and long-chain AC esters were markedly reduced (p<0.05). The serum to FF ratio of individual carnitine compounds increased progressively with increasing carbon chain length of AC esters (p<0.05). There was a marked reduction in total carnitine, FC and AC levels of serum and FF in patients with oocyte number of >9 and/or with embryo number of >6 as compared to the respective values of <9 and/or <6 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In IVF patients with better reproductive potential the carnitine/AC pathway appears to be upregulated that may result in excess carintine consumption and relative depletion of carnitine pool. Consequently, IVF patients may benefit from carnitine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Várnagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Édesanyák u. 17, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u.12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- Institute of Public Health and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.4, H-7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor L Kovács
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u.15, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Bódis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Édesanyák u. 17, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u.12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
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