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Finnie S, Butterill P, Novotny V, Redmond C, Jorge LR, Abe T, Lamarre GPA, Maicher V, Sam K. Vertical stratification and defensive traits of caterpillars against parasitoids in a lowland tropical forest in Cameroon. Oecologia 2024; 204:915-930. [PMID: 38613574 PMCID: PMC11062930 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Insect herbivores and their parasitoids play a crucial role in terrestrial trophic interactions in tropical forests. These interactions occur across the entire vertical gradient of the forest. This study compares how caterpillar communities, and their parasitism rates, vary across vertical strata and between caterpillar defensive strategies in a semi deciduous tropical forest in Nditam, Cameroon. Within a 0.1 ha plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were felled and systematically searched for caterpillars. We divided the entire vertical gradient of the forest into eight, five-metre strata. All caterpillars were assigned to a stratum based on their collection height, reared, identified, and classified into one of three defensive traits: aposematic, cryptic and shelter-building. Caterpillar species richness and diversity showed a midstory peak, whereas density followed the opposite pattern, decreasing in the midstory and then increasing towards the highest strata. This trend was driven by some highly dense shelter-building caterpillars in the upper canopy. Specialisation indices indicated decreasing levels of caterpillar generality with increasing height, a midstory peak in vulnerability, and increasing connectance towards the upper canopy, although the latter was likely driven by decreasing network size. Both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars had significantly higher parasitism rates than cryptic caterpillars. Our results highlight nuanced changes in caterpillar communities across forest strata and provide evidence that defences strategies are important indicators of parasitism rates in caterpillars and that both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars could be considered a "safe haven" for parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Finnie
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Philip Butterill
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Conor Redmond
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomokazu Abe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, 0843-03092, Ancon, Panama
| | - Vincent Maicher
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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2
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Ravigné V, Rodrigues LR, Charlery de la Masselière M, Facon B, Kuczyński L, Radwan J, Skoracka A, Magalhães S. Understanding the joint evolution of dispersal and host specialisation using phytophagous arthropods as a model group. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:219-237. [PMID: 37724465 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Theory generally predicts that host specialisation and dispersal should evolve jointly. Indeed, many models predict that specialists should be poor dispersers to avoid landing on unsuitable hosts while generalists will have high dispersal abilities. Phytophagous arthropods are an excellent group to test this prediction, given extensive variation in their host range and dispersal abilities. Here, we explore the degree to which the empirical literature on this group is in accordance with theoretical predictions. We first briefly outline the theoretical reasons to expect such a correlation. We then report empirical studies that measured both dispersal and the degree of specialisation in phytophagous arthropods. We find a correlation between dispersal and levels of specialisation in some studies, but with wide variation in this result. We then review theoretical attributes of species and environment that may blur this correlation, namely environmental grain, temporal heterogeneity, habitat selection, genetic architecture, and coevolution between plants and herbivores. We argue that theoretical models fail to account for important aspects, such as phenotypic plasticity and the impact of selective forces stemming from other biotic interactions, on both dispersal and specialisation. Next, we review empirical caveats in the study of this interplay. We find that studies use different measures of both dispersal and specialisation, hampering comparisons. Moreover, several studies do not provide independent measures of these two traits. Finally, variation in these traits may occur at scales that are not being considered. We conclude that this correlation is likely not to be expected from large-scale comparative analyses as it is highly context dependent and should not be considered in isolation from the factors that modulate it, such as environmental scale and heterogeneity, intrinsic traits or biotic interactions. A stronger crosstalk between theoretical and empirical studies is needed to understand better the prevalence and basis of the correlation between dispersal and specialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Ravigné
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, - PHIM, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, TA A-120/K, Campus international de Baillarguet, avenue du Campus d'Agropolis, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34398, France
| | - Leonor R Rodrigues
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Maud Charlery de la Masselière
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Benoît Facon
- CBGP, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 34988, Montferrier sur Lez cedex, 30016, France
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
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3
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Zhu H. The role of digital transformation in supply chain efficiency and economic output. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3656-3668. [PMID: 38091214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
From the perspective of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), this research looks at the key elements influencing how small- and medium-sized companies (SMEs) move toward a circular economy (CE). This research aims to understand the elements that influence SMEs to embrace CE principles and determine the real-world applications of SSCM practices. This research gathered and analyzed data from diverse European SMEs working inside CE networks using a mixed-method approach. We received answers from several of these firms using a survey form sent and emailed to them. The replies were then assessed using an independent t test to account for any biases. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the validity assessment, compound consistency, and corrected-item-total association measures to validate the model's validity and reliability. According to our research, SMEs are influenced significantly by societal pressures, green economic incentives, and environmental dedication when deciding whether to adopt CE practices. Our study further emphasizes the importance of SSCM for SMEs' successful transition to a CE model, especially regarding resource and waste management efficiency. This work contributes to the corpus of research on the topic by providing empirical support for the function of SSCM in easing the transition towards CE in the setting of SMEs. The results might serve as a reference for managers and policymakers as they create plans to encourage SMEs to embrace CE practices and to emphasize the advantages of such a change on the economic, social, and environmental fronts. Putting a particular emphasis on the vital roles that public pressure, green financial incentives, and ecological dedication play, this research provides insights into the complex interactions between SSCM and CE transition in SMEs. Further study is needed to examine how these determinants could fluctuate across various industries and geographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- Global Business School, UCSI University, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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4
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Demolin-Leite GL, Veloso RVS, Azevedo AM, Silva JL, Silva LF, Guanabens PFS, Gomes JB, Pereira WR, Silva RS, Zanuncio JC. Sucking insects and their predators on tree canopies of a monocultural stand of Caryocar brasiliense. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e253598. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. V. S. Veloso
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Brasil
| | | | - J. L. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - L. F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - J. B. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - R. S. Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Brasil
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Ren P, Didham RK, Murphy MV, Zeng D, Si X, Ding P. Forest edges increase pollinator network robustness to extinction with declining area. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:393-404. [PMID: 36717744 PMCID: PMC9998274 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Edge effects often exacerbate the negative effects of habitat loss on biodiversity. In forested ecosystems, however, many pollinators actually prefer open sunny conditions created by edge disturbances. We tested the hypothesis that forest edges have a positive buffering effect on plant-pollinator interaction networks in the face of declining forest area. In a fragmented land-bridge island system, we recorded ~20,000 plant-pollinator interactions on 41 islands over 3 yr. We show that plant richness and floral resources decline with decreasing forest area at both interior and edge sites, but edges maintain 10-fold higher pollinator abundance and richness regardless of area loss. Edge networks contain highly specialized species, with higher nestedness and lower modularity than interior networks, maintaining high robustness to extinction following area loss while forest interior networks collapse. Anthropogenic forest edges benefit community diversity and network robustness to extinction in the absence of natural gap-phase dynamics in small degraded forest remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Raphael K Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark V Murphy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Di Zeng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Newell FL, Ausprey IJ, Robinson SK. Wet and dry extremes reduce arthropod biomass independently of leaf phenology in the wet tropics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:308-323. [PMID: 36102197 PMCID: PMC10087840 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Warming temperatures are increasing rainfall extremes, yet arthropod responses to climatic fluctuations remain poorly understood. Here, we used spatiotemporal variation in tropical montane climate as a natural experiment to compare the importance of biotic versus abiotic drivers in regulating arthropod biomass. We combined intensive field data on arthropods, leaf phenology and in situ weather across a 1700-3100 m elevation and rainfall gradient, along with desiccation-resistance experiments and multi-decadal modelling. We found limited support for biotic drivers with weak increases in some herbivorous taxa on shrubs with new leaves, but no landscape-scale effects of leaf phenology, which tracked light and cloud cover. Instead, rainfall explained extensive interannual variability with maximum biomass at intermediate rainfall (130 mm month-1 ) as both 3 months of high and low rainfall reduced arthropods by half. Based on 50 years of regional rainfall, our dynamic arthropod model predicted shifts in the timing of biomass maxima within cloud forests before plant communities transition to seasonally deciduous dry forests (mean annual rainfall 1000-2500 mm vs. <800 mm). Rainfall magnitude was the primary driver, but during high solar insolation, the 'drying power of air' (VPDmax ) reduced biomass within days contributing to drought related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Highlighting risks from drought, experiments demonstrated community-wide susceptibility to desiccation except for some caterpillars in which melanin-based coloration appeared to reduce the effects of evaporative drying. Overall, we provide multiple lines of evidence that several months of heavy rain or drought reduce arthropod biomass independently of deep-rooted plants with the potential to destabilize insectivore food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity L. Newell
- Florida Museum of Natural History & Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Division of Conservation BiologyInstitute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernBernCH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Ian J. Ausprey
- Florida Museum of Natural History & Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Division of Conservation BiologyInstitute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernBernCH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Scott K. Robinson
- Florida Museum of Natural History & Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Cloonan KR, Montgomery WS, Narvaez TI, Carrillo D, Kendra PE. Community of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in Agricultural and Forest Ecosystems with Laurel Wilt. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13110971. [PMID: 36354793 PMCID: PMC9692491 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is an invasive wood-boring pest first detected in the USA in 2002 in Georgia. The beetle's dominant fungal symbiont, Harringtonialauricola, causes laurel wilt, a lethal disease of trees in the Lauraceae. Over the past 20 years, X. glabratus and laurel wilt have spread to twelve southeastern states, resulting in high mortality of native Persea species, including redbay (P. borbonia), swampbay (P. palustris), and silkbay (P. humilis). Laurel wilt also threatens avocado (P. americana) in south Florida, but in contrast to the situation in forests, X. glabratus is detected at very low levels in affected groves. Moreover, other species of ambrosia beetle have acquired H. lauricola and now function as secondary vectors. To better understand the beetle communities in different ecosystems exhibiting laurel wilt, parallel field tests were conducted in an avocado grove in Miami-Dade County and a swampbay forest in Highlands County, FL. Sampling utilized ethanol lures (the best general attractant for ambrosia beetles) and essential oil lures (the best attractants for X. glabratus), alone and in combination, resulting in detection of 20 species. This study documents host-related differences in beetle diversity and population levels, and species-specific differences in chemical ecology, as reflected in efficacy of lures and lure combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Cloonan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Wayne S. Montgomery
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Teresa I. Narvaez
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 ST, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Paul E. Kendra
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
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Vergara PM, Fierro A, Carvajal MA, Alaniz AJ, Quiroz M. Multiple environmental drivers for the Patagonian forest-dwelling beetles: Contrasting functional and taxonomic responses across strata and trophic guilds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155906. [PMID: 35580677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest disturbances modify microhabitats along the different vertical strata, triggering structural and functional changes in forest-dwelling beetle communities. However, the effects of multiple environmental factors can be complex to detect in ecosystems that offer a broad variety of microhabitats for a great variety of beetle species. This is the case in Patagonian temperate forests, where the use of remote sensing provides an opportunity to evaluate the sensitivity of beetle species to environmental changes. Here, we identified the environmental drivers of forest-dwelling beetle communities in the ground and canopy of 34 north Patagonian-forest landscapes. We analyzed the associations of the taxonomic and functional diversity of five trophic guilds with 30 remote-sensing variables of landscape structure, composition, and disturbances; vegetation and soil properties; and climate and physical variables. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to identify trophic guilds responding similarly to predictors. Segmented regression analysis was used to evaluate functional redundancy from taxonomic-functional richness relationships. A total of 583 species (23,848 individuals) of beetles were recorded for both strata. The effects of environmental variables were heterogeneous across strata and guilds. Canopy beetles were especially sensitive to early successional conditions, and canopy attributes, but also benefited from the canopy openness. Forest specialists of the ground and canopy responded differently to environmental variables. Ground-dwelling beetles were mostly affected by fires, human modifications, edge closeness, high temperatures, and soil properties, responding weakly to canopy properties. Functional redundancy varied weakly along environmental gradients, being more likely in local communities of ground-dwelling beetles mostly composed of species with overlapping functional roles. Contrasting environmental responses between ground and canopy beetles, as well as among beetles of different trophic guilds, should arise from microhabitats that vary across strata and interact differently with response traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Vergara
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrés Fierro
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario A Carvajal
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto J Alaniz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ingeniería Geográfica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente, Ecogeografía, Santiago, Chile
| | - Madelaine Quiroz
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile
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Mavasa R, Yekwayo I, Mwabvu T, Tsvuura Z. Preliminary patterns of seasonal changes in species composition of surface‐active arthropods in a South African savannah. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risuna Mavasa
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - Inam Yekwayo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa
| | - Tarombera Mwabvu
- School of Biology & Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga Mbombela South Africa
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa
| | - Zivanai Tsvuura
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
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10
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Vertical Stratification of Beetles in Deciduous Forest Communities in the Centre of European Russia. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the vertical distribution of arthropods in temperate forests have revealed the uneven vertical distribution of communities. Many factors influence these patterns simultaneously. However, there are still many questions related to the vertical distribution of Coleoptera in deciduous forests of the temperate zone. The research was carried out within the territory of the Republic of Mordovia (the center of the European part of Russia). Fermental traps with a bait made of fermenting beer with sugar were used to collect Coleoptera. The collections were carried out from May to September 2020 at five sites in a deciduous forest. We set traps at a height of 1.5, 3.5, 7.5 and 12 m above the ground) on the branches of trees. Ninety-two species were identified at the end of studies at different heights. The families Nitidulidae (15 species), Cerambycidae (14 species), Elateridae (7 species), Curculionidae (7 species) and Scarabaeidae (7 species) had the greatest species diversity. The greatest species diversity was recorded at a height of 1.5 m, while the smallest one was recorded at a height of 7.5 m. The minimum number of specimens was recorded at a height of 12 m. The largest differences in the Jaccard similarity index were obtained between samples from a height of 1.5 and 12 m. The Shannon’s diversity index was higher near the ground than in the tree crowns (at heights of 7.5 and 12 m), and the Simpson index had the opposite tendency. Glischrochilus hortensis and to a lesser extent Cychramus luteus preferred to live in the lowest layers of deciduous forest (1.5 m). Cryptarcha strigata was mainly found with relatively high numbers at heights of 3.5 m and 7.5 m. The abundance and occurrence of Protaetia marmorata and Quedius dilatatus were higher in the uppermost layers of the crowns. The number of saproxylic beetle species at heights of 3.5–12 m was almost the same, while in the surface layer it decreased. The number of anthophilic beetle species was also lower at a low altitude. Our data confirm the relevance of sampling in forest ecosystems at different altitudes while studying arthropod biodiversity.
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Neves FS, Antoniazzi R, Camarota F, Pacelhe FT, Powell S. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the ant community in a dry forest differ by vertical strata but not by successional stage. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico S. Neves
- Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Reuber Antoniazzi
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Flávio Camarota
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Fábio T. Pacelhe
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Scott Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
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Lynggaard C, Yu DW, Oliveira G, Caldeira CF, Ramos SJ, Ellegaard MR, Gilbert MTP, Gastauer M, Bohmann K. DNA-Based Arthropod Diversity Assessment in Amazonian Iron Mine Lands Show Ecological Succession Towards Undisturbed Reference Sites. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.590976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities change natural landscapes, and in doing so endanger biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. To reduce the net impacts of these activities, such as mining, disturbed areas are rehabilitated and restored. During this process, monitoring is important to ensure that desired trajectories are maintained. In the Carajás region of the Brazilian Amazon, exploration for iron ores has transformed the original ecosystem; natural forest and a savanna formation with lateritic iron duricrust outcrops named canga. Here, native vegetation is logged and topsoil removed and deposited in waste piles along with mine waste. During rehabilitation, these waste piles are hydroseeded with non-native plant species to achieve rapid revegetation. Further, seeds of native canga and forest plant species are planted to point ecological succession towards natural ecosystems. In this study, we investigate diversity and composition of the arthropod community along a post-mining rehabilitation and restoration gradient, taking seasonality and primer bias into account. We use DNA metabarcoding of bulk arthropod samples collected in both the dry and rainy seasons from waste-pile benches at various stages of revegetation: non-revegetated exposed soils, initial stage with one-to-three-year-old stands, intermediate stage with four-to-five-year-old stands, and advanced stage with six-to-seven-year-old stands. We use samples from undisturbed cangas and forests as reference sites. In addition, we vegetation diversity and structure were measured to investigate relations between arthropod community and vegetation structure. Our results show that, over time, the arthropod community composition of the waste piles becomes more similar to the reference forests, but not to the reference cangas. Nevertheless, even the communities in the advanced-stage waste piles are different from the reference forests, and full restoration in these highly diverse ecosystems is not achieved, even after 6 to 7 years. Finally, our results show seasonal variation in arthropod communities and primer bias.
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13
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Seifert CL, Volf M, Jorge LR, Abe T, Carscallen G, Drozd P, Kumar R, Lamarre GPA, Libra M, Losada ME, Miller SE, Murakami M, Nichols G, Pyszko P, Šigut M, Wagner DL, Novotný V. Plant phylogeny drives arboreal caterpillar assemblages across the Holarctic. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14137-14151. [PMID: 33732431 PMCID: PMC7771119 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Assemblages of insect herbivores are structured by plant traits such as nutrient content, secondary metabolites, physical traits, and phenology. Many of these traits are phylogenetically conserved, implying a decrease in trait similarity with increasing phylogenetic distance of the host plant taxa. Thus, a metric of phylogenetic distances and relationships can be considered a proxy for phylogenetically conserved plant traits and used to predict variation in herbivorous insect assemblages among co-occurring plant species.Using a Holarctic dataset of exposed-feeding and shelter-building caterpillars, we aimed at showing how phylogenetic relationships among host plants explain compositional changes and characteristics of herbivore assemblages.Our plant-caterpillar network data derived from plot-based samplings at three different continents included >28,000 individual caterpillar-plant interactions. We tested whether increasing phylogenetic distance of the host plants leads to a decrease in caterpillar assemblage overlap. We further investigated to what degree phylogenetic isolation of a host tree species within the local community explains abundance, density, richness, and mean specialization of its associated caterpillar assemblage.The overlap of caterpillar assemblages decreased with increasing phylogenetic distance among the host tree species. Phylogenetic isolation of a host plant within the local plant community was correlated with lower richness and mean specialization of the associated caterpillar assemblages. Phylogenetic isolation had no effect on caterpillar abundance or density. The effects of plant phylogeny were consistent across exposed-feeding and shelter-building caterpillars.Our study reveals that distance metrics obtained from host plant phylogeny are useful predictors to explain compositional turnover among hosts and host-specific variations in richness and mean specialization of associated insect herbivore assemblages in temperate broadleaf forests. As phylogenetic information of plant communities is becoming increasingly available, further large-scale studies are needed to investigate to what degree plant phylogeny structures herbivore assemblages in other biomes and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo L Seifert
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Martin Volf
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Leonardo R Jorge
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | | | - Grace Carscallen
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute Central Silk Board Ministry of Textiles Govt. of India Pampore Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
- ForestGEO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa, Ancon Panama
| | - Martin Libra
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Maria E Losada
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
- National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | | | - Geoffrey Nichols
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
| | - Petr Pyszko
- Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šigut
- Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | | | - Vojtěch Novotný
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
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14
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Swart RC, Samways MJ, Roets F. Tree canopy arthropods have idiosyncratic responses to plant ecophysiological traits in a warm temperate forest complex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19905. [PMID: 33199797 PMCID: PMC7670454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity studies on forest canopies often have narrow arthropod taxonomic focus, or refer to a single species of tree. In response, and to better understand the wide range of drivers of arthropod diversity in tree canopies, we conducted a large-scale, multi-taxon study which (a) included effect of immediate surroundings of an individual tree on plant physiological features, and (b), how these features affect compositional and functional arthropod diversity, in a warm, southern Afro-temperate forest. We found that tree species differed significantly in plant physiological features and arthropod diversity patterns. Surprisingly, we found negative correlation between surrounding canopy cover, and both foliar carbon and arthropod diversity in host trees, regardless of tree species. Subtle, tree intraspecific variation in physiological features correlated significantly with arthropod diversity measures, but direction and strength of correlations differed among tree species. These findings illustrate great complexity in how canopy arthropods respond to specific tree species, to immediate surroundings of host trees, and to tree physiological features. We conclude that in natural forests, loss of even one tree species, as well as homogenization of the crown layer and/or human-induced environmental change, could lead to profound and unpredictable canopy arthropod biodiversity responses, threatening forest integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi C Swart
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Michael J Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Francois Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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15
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Eisenring M, Unsicker SB, Lindroth RL. Spatial, genetic and biotic factors shape within‐crown leaf trait variation and herbivore performance in a foundation tree species. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eisenring
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Sybille B. Unsicker
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
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16
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Basham EW, Saporito RA, González‐Pinzón M, Romero‐Marcucci A, Scheffers BR. Chemical defenses shift with the seasonal vertical migration of a Panamanian poison frog. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W. Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Ralph A. Saporito
- Department of Biology John Carroll University University Heights OH USA
| | - Macario González‐Pinzón
- Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias naturales y Exactas Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí David República de Panamá
| | - Angel Romero‐Marcucci
- Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias naturales y Exactas Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí David República de Panamá
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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17
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Andrade DC, Morais SA, Marteis LS, Gama RA, Freire RCDM, Rekowski BS, Ueno HM, La Corte R. Diversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Caatinga Biome, Brazil, from the Widespread to the Endemic. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080468. [PMID: 32722308 PMCID: PMC7469145 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito fauna in the northeast semiarid region of Brazil, Caatinga biome, are poorly known. Studies on the diversity are scarce and the few surveys available focus on local fauna. In order to understand the ecological pattern of mosquito's distribution, information available from studies from 2008 to 2015 were gathered. A partitioning framework of the beta diversity, the turnover (βJTU) and nestedness (βJNE) components were used to determine dissimilarity among communities. Eighty-two morphospecies were recorded and 47 of the species were not shared between the areas. The most representative genera were Aedes, Anopheles, Psorophora, Haemagogus, Coquillettidia, and Mansonia, which all include species of medical interest. The communities had high rates of variation, and the mechanism of turnover accounted for the observed diversity pattern. Despite differences in collection methods, the observed dissimilarity may be related to the broad environmental heterogeneity of the biome, the intrinsic relationships of the species with their habitats, and the environmental degradation caused by different types of anthropogenic interference. Considering the mosquito species richness and endemicity, the hypothesis that the Caatinga harbor poor biodiversity is rejected. The spatial variation observed is of particular importance and should be taken into account for the knowledge of Caatinga biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campos Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (D.C.A.); (B.S.R.)
| | - Sirlei Antunes Morais
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, S/N, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil;
| | - Letícia Silva Marteis
- Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil;
| | - Renata Antonaci Gama
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
| | - Renato Cesar de Melo Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
| | - Belgrano Santiago Rekowski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (D.C.A.); (B.S.R.)
| | - Helene Mariko Ueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sustentabilidade—Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, São Paulo 03828-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Roseli La Corte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (D.C.A.); (B.S.R.)
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, S/N, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-79-3194-6626
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19
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Ramos-Robles M, Vargas-Cardoso OR, Corona-López AM, Flores-Palacios A, Toledo-Hernández VH. Spatio-temporal variation of Cerambycidae-host tree interaction networks. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228880. [PMID: 32040535 PMCID: PMC7010308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its high ecological importance, the commensal interactions at community level are poorly studied. In tropical dry forests (TDF) there is a great diversity of species adapted to the high seasonality that characterizes them; however, little is known regarding how the spatial and temporal availability of resources generates changes in the pattern of commensal interactions. We experimentally studied changes in the diversity, composition, and pattern of interactions in spatio-temporal associations between the saproxylophagous beetles and their host trees in a TDF in Morelos, Mexico. A total of 65 host tree species were selected, from which 16 wood sections were obtained per species. These sections were exposed in the field to allow oviposition by the cerambycids under four different (spatio-temporal) treatments. We analyzed the network structure and generated indices at species level (i.e., specialization, species strength, and effective partners) and those related to physical characteristics of the wood (hardness and degradation rate) and the cerambycids (body size). In total, 1,323 individuals of 57 species of cerambycids emerged. Our results showed that, independently of the space and time, the network presented a nested and modular structure, with a high specialization degree and a high turnover of cerambycid species and their interactions. In general, we found that the cerambycids are mostly associated with softwood species with a lower decomposition rate of wood, as well as with the most abundant host species. The commensalistic interactions between the cerambycids and their host trees are highly specialized but are not spatio-temporally static. The high turnover in the interactions is caused by the emergence patterns of cerambycids, which seem to restrict their use to certain species. The knowledge of the spatio-temporal variation in Cerambycidae-host tree interactions allows us to predict how environmental and structural changes in the habitat can modify the species ensemble, and therefore its interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ramos-Robles
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Orthon Ricardo Vargas-Cardoso
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Angélica María Corona-López
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Flores-Palacios
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Toledo-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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20
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Seifert CL, Lamarre GPA, Volf M, Jorge LR, Miller SE, Wagner DL, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Novotný V. Vertical stratification of a temperate forest caterpillar community in eastern North America. Oecologia 2019; 192:501-514. [PMID: 31872269 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vertical niche partitioning might be one of the main driving forces explaining the high diversity of forest ecosystems. However, the forest's vertical dimension has received limited investigation, especially in temperate forests. Thus, our knowledge about how communities are vertically structured remains limited for temperate forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the vertical structuring of an arboreal caterpillar community in a temperate deciduous forest of eastern North America. Within a 0.2-ha forest stand, all deciduous trees ≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were felled and systematically searched for caterpillars. Sampled caterpillars were assigned to a specific stratum (i.e. understory, midstory, or canopy) depending on their vertical position and classified into feeding guild as either exposed feeders or shelter builders (i.e. leaf rollers, leaf tiers, webbers). In total, 3892 caterpillars representing 215 species of butterflies and moths were collected and identified. While stratum had no effect on caterpillar density, feeding guild composition changed significantly with shelter-building caterpillars becoming the dominant guild in the canopy. Species richness and diversity were found to be highest in the understory and midstory and declined strongly in the canopy. Family and species composition changed significantly among the strata; understory and canopy showed the lowest similarity. Food web analyses further revealed an increasing network specialization towards the canopy, caused by an increase in specialization of the caterpillar community. In summary, our study revealed a pronounced stratification of a temperate forest caterpillar community, unveiling a distinctly different assemblage of caterpillars dwelling in the canopy stratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo L Seifert
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonardo R Jorge
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama.,Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Vojtěch Novotný
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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21
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Antoniazzi R, Garro RNSL, Dáttilo W, Ribeiro SP, Neves FS. Ant species richness and interactions in canopies of two distinct successional stages in a tropical dry forest. Naturwissenschaften 2019; 106:20. [PMID: 31041541 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Canopy ecology is a fast-growing field, but still a scientific frontier in many ecological aspects. For instance, the hypothesis that tree traits shape patterns in ant-plant interactions lacks data, notably for tropical canopies in different successional stages. In this study, we investigated canopy traits, such as tree height, the presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), connectivity among tree crowns, and successional stage, structure ant-tree interactions in a tropical dry forest (TDF), examining whether these are the determinant factors for ant species richness. We collected ants on trees in early and late successional stages over 2 years, in rainy and dry seasons. In the late successional stage, ant species richness was greater in the taller trees; in the early successional stage, the smallest trees had a greater ant species richness than the taller trees. The EFNs and connectivity among treetops had no effect on ant species richness. We obtained a tree-ant network of the early successional stage, involving 786 interactions among 57 ant species and 75 trees; in the late successional stage, the network had 914 interactions among 60 ant species and 75 trees. There were 27 species of trees in our study, 11 of which (40.7% of all individual trees) had EFNs. The ant-plant interactions were not randomly distributed, suggesting that various biotic factors structured the ant assemblies. This study presents new insights into ant-tree interactions, showing that both tree height and successional stage influence the occurrence of many species of ants in tree canopies of tropical dry forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuber Antoniazzi
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Raphael N S L Garro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sérvio P Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecohealth e Ecologia de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Yoneyama A, Ichie T. Relationship between leaf flushing phenology and defensive traits of canopy trees of five dipterocarp species in a tropical rain forest. TROPICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.ms18-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aogu Yoneyama
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University
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23
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Basham EW, Seidl CM, Andriamahohatra LR, Oliveira BF, Scheffers BR. Distance-decay differs among vertical strata in a tropical rainforest. J Anim Ecol 2018; 88:114-124. [PMID: 30146776 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assemblage similarity decays with geographic distance-a pattern known as the distance-decay relationship. While this pattern has been investigated for a wide range of organisms, ecosystems and geographical gradients, whether these changes vary more cryptically across different forest strata (from ground to canopy) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the influence of ground vs. arboreal assemblages to the general distance-decay relationship observed in forests. We seek to explain differences in distance-decay relationships between strata in the context of the vertical stratification of assemblage composition, richness and abundance. We surveyed for a climate-sensitive model organism, amphibians, across vertical rainforest strata in Madagascar. For each tree, we defined assemblages of ground-dwelling, understory, or canopy species. We calculated horizontal distance-decay in similarity across all trees, and across assemblages of species found in different forest strata (ground, understory and canopy). We demonstrate that within stratum comparisons exhibit a classic distance-decay relationship for canopy and understory communities but no distance-decay relationships for ground communities. We suggest that differences in horizontal turnover between strata may be due to local scale habitat and resource heterogeneity in the canopy, or the influence of arboreal traits on species dispersal and distribution. Synthesis. Biodiversity patterns in horizontal space were not consistent across vertical space, suggesting that canopy fauna may not play by the same set of "rules" as their conspecifics living below them on the ground. Our study provides compelling evidence that the above-ground amphibian assemblage of tropical rainforests is the primary driver of the classical distance-decay relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christa M Seidl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Lydou R Andriamahohatra
- Department of Experimental Science, CER: Natural Science, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Brunno F Oliveira
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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24
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Prinzing A, Ozinga WA, Brändle M, Courty PE, Hennion F, Labandeira C, Parisod C, Pihain M, Bartish IV. Benefits from living together? Clades whose species use similar habitats may persist as a result of eco-evolutionary feedbacks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:66-82. [PMID: 27880007 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contents 66 I. 67 II. 68 III. 69 IV. 70 V. 73 VI. 75 VII. 77 78 References 78 SUMMARY: Recent decades have seen declines of entire plant clades while other clades persist despite changing environments. We suggest that one reason why some clades persist is that species within these clades use similar habitats, because such similarity may increase the degree of co-occurrence of species within clades. Traditionally, co-occurrence among clade members has been suggested to be disadvantageous because of increased competition and enemy pressure. Here, we hypothesize that increased co-occurrence among clade members promotes mutualist exchange, niche expansion or hybridization, thereby helping species avoid population decline from environmental change. We review the literature and analyse published data for hundreds of plant clades (genera) within a well-studied region and find major differences in the degree to which species within clades occupy similar habitats. We tentatively show that, in clades for which species occupy similar habitats, species tend to exhibit increased co-occurrence, mutualism, niche expansion, and hybridization - and rarely decline. Consistently, throughout the geological past, clades whose species occupied similar habitats often persisted through long time-spans. Overall, for many plant species, the occupation of similar habitats among fellow clade members apparently reduced their vulnerability to environmental change. Future research should identify when and how this previously unrecognized eco-evolutionary feedback operates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Prinzing
- University Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Wim A Ozinga
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Alterra, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Brändle
- Department of Ecology - Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Hennion
- University Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Conrad Labandeira
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
- Department of Entomology and BEES Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Christian Parisod
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Mickael Pihain
- University Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Igor V Bartish
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Zamek 1, Pruhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
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Macedo-Reis LE, Novais SMAD, Monteiro GF, Flechtmann CAH, Faria MLD, Neves FDS. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in a Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2016; 16:iew027. [PMID: 27271969 PMCID: PMC4896470 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bark and the ambrosia beetles dig into host plants and live most of their lives in concealed tunnels. We assessed beetle community dynamics in tropical dry forest sites in early, intermediate, and late successional stages, evaluating the influence of resource availability and seasonal variations in guild structure. We collected a total of 763 beetles from 23 species, including 14 bark beetle species, and 9 ambrosia beetle species. Local richness of bark and ambrosia beetles was estimated at 31 species. Bark and ambrosia composition was similar over the successional stages gradient, and beta diversity among sites was primarily determined by species turnover, mainly in the bark beetle community. Bark beetle richness and abundance were higher at intermediate stages; availability of wood was the main spatial mechanism. Climate factors were effectively non-seasonal. Ambrosia beetles were not influenced by successional stages, however the increase in wood resulted in increased abundance. We found higher richness at the end of the dry and wet seasons, and abundance increased with air moisture and decreased with higher temperatures and greater rainfall. In summary, bark beetle species accumulation was higher at sites with better wood production, while the needs of fungi (host and air moisture), resulted in a favorable conditions for species accumulation of ambrosia. The overall biological pattern among guilds differed from tropical rain forests, showing patterns similar to dry forest areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Eduardo Macedo-Reis
- Department of General Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel Matos Antunes de Novais
- Department of General Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Graziela França Monteiro
- Department of General Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Lopes de Faria
- Department of General Biology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, 126, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico de Siqueira Neves
- Department of General Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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