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Fonsêca NC, Cunha JSA, Albuquerque ERGMDE, Lins-E-Silva ACB. Carbon stock in aboveground biomass and necromass in the Atlantic Forest: an analysis of data published between 2000 and 2021. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20220761. [PMID: 38808807 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420220761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthesising knowledge on carbon stocks is an essential tool for understanding the potential of forests to store carbon and its drivers. However, such a synthesis needs to be constructed for the Atlantic Forest due to various methodological approaches and biogeographic heterogeneity. Thus, here we conducted a bibliographic search (2000 to 2021) on carbon stocks in the biomass and necromass of Atlantic Forest ecosystems to understand the variation in stocks and their explanatory variables. Drivers included spatial (altitude, forest size) and climatic (precipitation and temperature) variables, and successional stages. Based on the information in 46 articles, biomass exhibited the highest carbon stock (96%), in Mature Forests (MF), with an average of 125.34±40.3 MgC.ha-1, whereas Secondary Forests (SF) stored 82.7±38.2 MgC.ha-1. The carbon in the necromass varied from 1.63 to 11.47 MgC.ha-1, with SF exhibiting 3.90±2.73 MgC.ha-1 and MF 4.31±2.82 MgC.ha-1. Only average annual precipitation and successional stage positively explained the carbon in Atlantic Forest. This research clarifies the function and potential of Atlantic Forest fragments for storing carbon and reinforces need for conserving mature forest patches throughout the biome since one hectare of mature forest can store almost twice as much carbon as one hectare of secondary young patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Fonsêca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Stéfane A Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eliza R G M DE Albuquerque
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Grupo de Energia da Biomassa, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 1000, Cidade Universitária, 50740-545 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina B Lins-E-Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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2
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Jakovac C, Korys KA, Rodrigues AF, Ronix A, Tubenchlak F, Monteiro LM, Lemgruber L, Santos HS, Mendes M, Junqueira AB, Crouzeilles R, Maioli V, Latawiec AE. Meta-analysis of carbon stocks and biodiversity outcomes across Brazilian restored biomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167558. [PMID: 37802339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration strategies vary widely in the techniques applied and ecological contexts. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate how restoration success varies across socio-ecological contexts, taxonomic groups and biomes. Restoration success is quantified as the percentage of each ecological metric value attained in the restoration site compared to the reference systems. We show that restoration success is different for plants, animals, and soils and across ecological indicators. Abundance of individuals is easier to restore than carbon stocks, which are easier than species diversity. However, abundance may be a poor indicator of ecosystem recovery because there is no unidirectional trend over time, and abundance often fails to distinguish restored from degraded areas. We also found that carbon stocks in the soil and in the vegetation are restored at analogous paces, but the recovery of soil carbon stocks is less variable than plant stocks across sites. Our results demonstrate that different restoration techniques are effective in recovering diversity and carbon stocks, but assisted natural regeneration showed a slightly higher success compared to other strategies. However, there is a considerable difficulty in restoring converted and degraded areas to achieve conditions similar to the original ecosystems. It is critical and timely to investigate benefits and effectiveness of ecosystem restoration techniques to biodiversity and carbon recovery different ecosystem types to improve the restoration effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Jakovac
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88034-000, Brazil; International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Katarzyna A Korys
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Aline F Rodrigues
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil; Departament of Geography and Environment - Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, R. Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22451-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ronix
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tubenchlak
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Lara M Monteiro
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil; Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, 81 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America; Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Farrell Hall, 210 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America
| | - Luisa Lemgruber
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Herlle Souza Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maiara Mendes
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil
| | - André B Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil; Institut de Ciéncia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute for Capacity Exchange in Environmental Decisions, Ground Floor 490 Northbourne Avenue, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - Veronica Maioli
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil; World Wild Fund for Nature, CLS 114 Bloco D, 35, Asa Sul, CEP 70377-540 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Agnieszka E Latawiec
- International Institute for Sustainability, R. Dona Castorina 124, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil; Departament of Geography and Environment - Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, R. Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22451-000, Brazil; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Mikołajczyka 5, 45-271 Opole, Poland; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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3
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Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Rito KF, Farfán M, Navia IC, Mora F, Arreola-Villa F, Balvanera P, Bongers F, Castellanos-Castro C, Catharino ELM, Chazdon RL, Dupuy-Rada JM, Ferguson BG, Foster PF, González-Valdivia N, Griffith DM, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Jong BHJ, Letcher SG, May-Pat F, Meave JA, Ochoa-Gaona S, Meirelles GS, Muñiz-Castro MA, Muñoz R, Powers JS, Rocha GPE, Rosário RPG, Santos BA, Simon MF, Tabarelli M, Tun-Dzul F, van den Berg E, Vieira DLM, Williams-Linera G, Martínez-Ramos M. Landscape-scale forest cover drives the predictability of forest regeneration across the Neotropics. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222203. [PMID: 36629117 PMCID: PMC9832557 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abandonment of agricultural lands promotes the global expansion of secondary forests, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Such roles largely depend, however, on two essential successional attributes, trajectory and recovery rate, which are expected to depend on landscape-scale forest cover in nonlinear ways. Using a multi-scale approach and a large vegetation dataset (843 plots, 3511 tree species) from 22 secondary forest chronosequences distributed across the Neotropics, we show that successional trajectories of woody plant species richness, stem density and basal area are less predictable in landscapes (4 km radius) with intermediate (40-60%) forest cover than in landscapes with high (greater than 60%) forest cover. This supports theory suggesting that high spatial and environmental heterogeneity in intermediately deforested landscapes can increase the variation of key ecological factors for forest recovery (e.g. seed dispersal and seedling recruitment), increasing the uncertainty of successional trajectories. Regarding the recovery rate, only species richness is positively related to forest cover in relatively small (1 km radius) landscapes. These findings highlight the importance of using a spatially explicit landscape approach in restoration initiatives and suggest that these initiatives can be more effective in more forested landscapes, especially if implemented across spatial extents of 1-4 km radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97357 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Kátia F. Rito
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Michelle Farfán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geomática e Hidráulica, División de Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36000 Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Iván C. Navia
- Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas, 58219 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe Arreola-Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Road, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Juan M. Dupuy-Rada
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Bruce G. Ferguson
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 29290 San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Paul F. Foster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Bijagual Ecological Reserve, Apdo. 35-3069, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Heredia 41001, Costa Rica
| | - Noel González-Valdivia
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Departamento de Ingenierías, 24520 Chiná, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Daniel M. Griffith
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, CP 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Catarina C. Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - André B. Junqueira
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardus H. J. Jong
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | - Filogonio May-Pat
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Gabriela S. Meirelles
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A. Muñiz-Castro
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, 45200 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108 Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gustavo P. E. Rocha
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, 70919-970 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P. G. Rosário
- Faculdade de Direito, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 01302-907 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-917 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tun-Dzul
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eduardo van den Berg
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel L. M. Vieira
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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4
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Zivec P, Sheldon F, Capon S. Regenerative capacity of old‐fields on semi‐arid floodplains in the northern
Murray‐Darling
Basin. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peta Zivec
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 140 Kessels Road Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Fran Sheldon
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 140 Kessels Road Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Samantha Capon
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 140 Kessels Road Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
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Prieto PV, Bukoski JJ, Barros FSM, Beyer HL, Iribarrem A, Brancalion PHS, Chazdon RL, Lindenmayer DB, Strassburg BBN, Guariguata MR, Crouzeilles R. Predicting landscape-scale biodiversity recovery by natural tropical forest regrowth. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13842. [PMID: 34705299 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural forest regrowth is a cost-effective, nature-based solution for biodiversity recovery, yet different socioenvironmental factors can lead to variable outcomes. A critical knowledge gap in forest restoration planning is how to predict where natural forest regrowth is likely to lead to high levels of biodiversity recovery, which is an indicator of conservation value and the potential provisioning of diverse ecosystem services. We sought to predict and map landscape-scale recovery of species richness and total abundance of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in tropical and subtropical second-growth forests to inform spatial restoration planning. First, we conducted a global meta-analysis to quantify the extent to which recovery of species richness and total abundance in second-growth forests deviated from biodiversity values in reference old-growth forests in the same landscape. Second, we employed a machine-learning algorithm and a comprehensive set of socioenvironmental factors to spatially predict landscape-scale deviation and map it. Models explained on average 34% of observed variance in recovery (range 9-51%). Landscape-scale biodiversity recovery in second-growth forests was spatially predicted based on socioenvironmental landscape factors (human demography, land use and cover, anthropogenic and natural disturbance, ecosystem productivity, and topography and soil chemistry); was significantly higher for species richness than for total abundance for vertebrates (median range-adjusted predicted deviation 0.09 vs. 0.34) and invertebrates (0.2 vs. 0.35) but not for plants (which showed a similar recovery for both metrics [0.24 vs. 0.25]); and was positively correlated for total abundance of plant and vertebrate species (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.001). Our approach can help identify tropical and subtropical forest landscapes with high potential for biodiversity recovery through natural forest regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Prieto
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob J Bukoski
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Felipe S M Barros
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centro de Referencia en Tecnologías de la Información para la Gestión con Software Libre (CeRTIG+SoL), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Misiones, Argentina
- Departamento de Geografía, Instituto Superior Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, Misiones, Argentina
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Hawthorne L Beyer
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alvaro Iribarrem
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Crouzeilles
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Piffer PR, Calaboni A, Rosa MR, Schwartz NB, Tambosi LR, Uriarte M. Ephemeral forest regeneration limits carbon sequestration potential in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:630-643. [PMID: 34665911 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although deforestation remains widespread in the tropics, many places are now experiencing significant forest recovery (i.e., forest transition), offering an optimistic outlook for natural ecosystem recovery and carbon sequestration. Naturally regenerated forests, however, may not persist, so a more nuanced understanding of the drivers of forest change in the tropics is critical to ensure the success of reforestation efforts and carbon sequestration targets. Here we use 35 years of detailed land cover data to investigate forest trajectories in 3014 municipalities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF), a biodiversity and conservation hotspot. Although deforestation was evident in some regions, deforestation reversals, the typical forest transition trajectory, were the prevalent trend in the AF, accounting for 38% of municipalities. However, simultaneous reforestation reversals in the region (13% of municipalities) suggest that these short-term increases in native forest cover do not necessarily translate into persistent trends. In the absence of reversals in reforestation, forests in the region could have sequestered 1.75 Pg C, over three times the actual estimated carbon sequestration (0.52 Pg C). We also showed that failure to distinguish native and planted forests would have masked native forest cover loss in the region and overestimated reforestation by 3.2 Mha and carbon sequestration from natural forest regeneration by 0.37 Pg C. Deforestation reversals were prevalent in urbanized municipalities with limited forest cover and high agricultural productivity, highlighting the importance of favorable socioeconomic conditions in promoting reforestation. Successful forest restoration efforts will require development and enforcement of environmental policies that promote forest regeneration and ensure the permanence of regrowing forests. This is crucial not only for the fate and conservation of the AF, but also for other tropical nations to achieve their restoration and carbon sequestration commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Piffer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriane Calaboni
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Rosa
- Department of Geography, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leandro R Tambosi
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Loureiro N, Souza TP, Nascimento DF, Nascimento MT. Survival, seedlings growth and natural regeneration in areas under ecological restoration in a sandy coastal plain (restinga) of southeastern Brazil. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Loureiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes 28013‐602Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes 28013‐602Brazil
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8
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Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Crouzeilles R, Peña-Claros M, Mesquita RCG, Bongers F. The role of land-use history in driving successional pathways and its implications for the restoration of tropical forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1114-1134. [PMID: 33709566 PMCID: PMC8360101 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary forests are increasingly important components of human‐modified landscapes in the tropics. Successional pathways, however, can vary enormously across and within landscapes, with divergent regrowth rates, vegetation structure and species composition. While climatic and edaphic conditions drive variations across regions, land‐use history plays a central role in driving alternative successional pathways within human‐modified landscapes. How land use affects succession depends on its intensity, spatial extent, frequency, duration and management practices, and is mediated by a complex combination of mechanisms acting on different ecosystem components and at different spatial and temporal scales. We review the literature aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long‐lasting effects of land use on tropical forest succession and to discuss its implications for forest restoration. We organize it following a framework based on the hierarchical model of succession and ecological filtering theory. This review shows that our knowledge is mostly derived from studies in Neotropical forests regenerating after abandonment of shifting cultivation or pasture systems. Vegetation is the ecological component assessed most often. Little is known regarding how the recovery of belowground processes and microbiota communities is affected by previous land‐use history. In published studies, land‐use history has been mostly characterized by type, without discrimination of intensity, extent, duration or frequency. We compile and discuss the metrics used to describe land‐use history, aiming to facilitate future studies. The literature shows that (i) species availability to succession is affected by transformations in the landscape that affect dispersal, and by management practices and seed predation, which affect the composition and diversity of propagules on site. Once a species successfully reaches an abandoned field, its establishment and performance are dependent on resistance to management practices, tolerance to (modified) soil conditions, herbivory, competition with weeds and invasive species, and facilitation by remnant trees. (ii) Structural and compositional divergences at early stages of succession remain for decades, suggesting that early communities play an important role in governing further ecosystem functioning and processes during succession. Management interventions at early stages could help enhance recovery rates and manipulate successional pathways. (iii) The combination of local and landscape conditions defines the limitations to succession and therefore the potential for natural regeneration to restore ecosystem properties effectively. The knowledge summarized here could enable the identification of conditions in which natural regeneration could efficiently promote forest restoration, and where specific management practices are required to foster succession. Finally, characterization of the landscape context and previous land‐use history is essential to understand the limitations to succession and therefore to define cost‐effective restoration strategies. Advancing knowledge on these two aspects is key for finding generalizable relations that will increase the predictability of succession and the efficiency of forest restoration under different landscape contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Jakovac
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - André B Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, ACT, 2602, Australia.,Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, 20271-901, Brazil
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Rita C G Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, 69083-000, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
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9
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The erosion of biodiversity and biomass in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6347. [PMID: 33311511 PMCID: PMC7733445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are being deforested worldwide, and the remaining fragments are suffering from biomass and biodiversity erosion. Quantifying this erosion is challenging because ground data on tropical biodiversity and biomass are often sparse. Here, we use an unprecedented dataset of 1819 field surveys covering the entire Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We show that 83−85% of the surveys presented losses in forest biomass and tree species richness, functional traits, and conservation value. On average, forest fragments have 25−32% less biomass, 23−31% fewer species, and 33, 36, and 42% fewer individuals of late-successional, large-seeded, and endemic species, respectively. Biodiversity and biomass erosion are lower inside strictly protected conservation units, particularly in large ones. We estimate that biomass erosion across the Atlantic Forest remnants is equivalent to the loss of 55−70 thousand km2 of forests or US$2.3−2.6 billion in carbon credits. These figures have direct implications on mechanisms of climate change mitigation. Quantifying forest degradation and biodiversity losses is necessary to inform conservation and restoration policies. Here the authors analyze a large dataset for the Atlantic Forest in South America to quantify losses in forest biomass and tree species richness, functional traits, and conservation value.
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10
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Wagner FH, Sanchez A, Aidar MPM, Rochelle ALC, Tarabalka Y, Fonseca MG, Phillips OL, Gloor E, Aragão LEOC. Mapping Atlantic rainforest degradation and regeneration history with indicator species using convolutional network. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229448. [PMID: 32109946 PMCID: PMC7048271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic rainforest of Brazil is one of the global terrestrial hotspots of biodiversity. Despite having undergone large scale deforestation, forest cover has shown signs of increases in the last decades. Here, to understand the degradation and regeneration history of Atlantic rainforest remnants near São Paulo, we combine a unique dataset of very high resolution images from Worldview-2 and Worldview-3 (0.5 and 0.3m spatial resolution, respectively), georeferenced aerial photographs from 1962 and use a deep learning method called U-net to map (i) the forest cover and changes and (ii) two pioneer tree species, Cecropia hololeuca and Tibouchina pulchra. For Tibouchina pulchra, all the individuals were mapped in February, when the trees undergo mass-flowering with purple and pink blossoms. Additionally, elevation data at 30m spatial resolution from NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and annual mean climate variables (Terraclimate datasets at ∼ 4km of spatial resolution) were used to analyse the forest and species distributions. We found that natural forests are currently more frequently found on south-facing slopes, likely because of geomorphology and past land use, and that Tibouchina is restricted to the wetter part of the region (southern part), which annually receives at least 1600 mm of precipitation. Tibouchina pulchra was found to clearly indicate forest regeneration as almost all individuals were found within or adjacent to forests regrown after 1962. By contrast, Cecropia hololeuca was found to indicate older disturbed forests, with all individuals almost exclusively found in forest fragments already present in 1962. At the regional scale, using the dominance maps of both species, we show that at least 4.3% of the current region’s natural forests have regrown after 1962 (Tibouchina dominated, ∼ 4757 ha) and that ∼ 9% of the old natural forests have experienced significant disturbance (Cecropia dominated).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien H. Wagner
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Geoprocessing Division, Foundation for Science, Technology and Space Applications - FUNCATE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Alber Sanchez
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos P. M. Aidar
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L. C. Rochelle
- Center for Earth System Science, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuliya Tarabalka
- Inria Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Luxcarta Technology, Parc d’Activité l’Argile, Mouans Sartoux, France
| | - Marisa G. Fonseca
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Oliver L. Phillips
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuel Gloor
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, United Kingdom
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11
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Crouzeilles R, Beyer HL, Monteiro LM, Feltran-Barbieri R, Pessôa ACM, Barros FSM, Lindenmayer DB, Lino EDSM, Grelle CEV, Chazdon RL, Matsumoto M, Rosa M, Latawiec AE, Strassburg BBN. Achieving cost‐effective landscape‐scale forest restoration through targeted natural regeneration. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the EnvironmentPontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio AmbienteUniversidade Veiga de Almeida 20271‐901 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Hawthorne L. Beyer
- Global Change InstituteUniversity of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
| | - Lara M. Monteiro
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Ana C. M. Pessôa
- National Institute for Space Research São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Felipe S. M. Barros
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Centro de Referencia en Tecnologías de la Información para la Gestión con Software LibreUniversidad Nacional de Misiones Misiones Argentina
- Departamento de GeografíaInstituto Superior Antonio Ruiz de Montoya Misiones Argentina
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Sustainble Farms, Fenner School of Environment and SocietyAustralian National University Canberra Australia
| | | | - Carlos E. V. Grelle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of VertebratesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut
| | | | - Marcos Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências HumanasUniversidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Agnieszka E. Latawiec
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the EnvironmentPontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Faculty of Production and Power EngineeringInstitute of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics, University of Agriculture in Krakow Krakow Poland
- School of Environmental ScienceUniversity of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Bernardo B. N. Strassburg
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the EnvironmentPontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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12
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Giannichi ML, Gavish Y, Baker TR, Dallimer M, Ziv G. Scale dependency of conservation outcomes in a forest-offsetting scheme. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:148-157. [PMID: 31161689 PMCID: PMC7028087 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Offset schemes help avoid or revert habitat loss through protection of existing habitat (avoided deforestation), through the restoration of degraded areas (natural regrowth), or both. The spatial scale of an offset scheme may influence which of these 2 outcomes is favored and is an important aspect of the scheme's design. However, how spatial scale influences the trade-offs between the preservation of existing habitat and restoration of degraded areas is poorly understood. We used the largest forest offset scheme in the world, which is part of the Brazilian Forest Code, to explore how implementation at different spatial scales may affect the outcome in terms of the area of avoided deforestation and area of regrowth. We employed a numerical simulation of trade between buyers (i.e., those who need to offset past deforestation) and sellers (i.e., landowners with exceeding native vegetation) in the Brazilian Amazon to estimate potential avoided deforestation and regrowth at different spatial scales of implementation. Allowing offsets over large spatial scales led to an area of avoided deforestation 12 times greater than regrowth, whereas restricting offsets to small spatial scales led to an area of regrowth twice as large as avoided deforestation. The greatest total area (avoided deforestation and regrowth combined) was conserved when the spatial scale of the scheme was small, especially in locations that were highly deforested. To maximize conservation gains from avoided deforestation and regrowth, the design of the Brazilian forest-offset scheme should focus on restricting the spatial scale in which offsets occur. Such a strategy could help ensure conservation benefits are localized and promote the recovery of degraded areas in the most threatened forest landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lisli Giannichi
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsGarstang NorthLeedsLS2 9JTU.K.
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Maths/Earth and Environment BuildingUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTU.K.
| | - Yoni Gavish
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsGarstang NorthLeedsLS2 9JTU.K.
| | - Timothy R. Baker
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsGarstang NorthLeedsLS2 9JTU.K.
| | - Martin Dallimer
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Maths/Earth and Environment BuildingUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTU.K.
| | - Guy Ziv
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsGarstang NorthLeedsLS2 9JTU.K.
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13
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Latawiec AE, Strassburg BBN, Junqueira AB, Araujo E, D de Moraes LF, Pinto HAN, Castro A, Rangel M, Malaguti GA, Rodrigues AF, Barioni LG, Novotny EH, Cornelissen G, Mendes M, Batista N, Guerra JG, Zonta E, Jakovac C, Hale SE. Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11993. [PMID: 31427607 PMCID: PMC6700309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most deforested lands in Brazil are occupied by low-productivity cattle ranching. Brazil is the second biggest meat producer worldwide and is projected to increase its agricultural output more than any other country. Biochar has been shown to improve soil properties and agricultural productivity when added to degraded soils, but these effects are context-dependent. The impact of biochar, fertilizer and inoculant on the productivity of forage grasses in Brazil (Brachiaria spp. and Panicum spp.) was investigated from environmental and socio-economic perspectives. We showed a 27% average increase in Brachiaria production over two years but no significant effects of amendment on Panicum yield. Biochar addition also increased the contents of macronutrients, soil pH and CEC. Each hectare amended with biochar saved 91 tonnes of CO2eq through land sparing effect, 13 tonnes of CO2eq sequestered in the soil, equating to U$455 in carbon payments. The costs of biochar production for smallholder farmers, mostly because of labour cost, outweighed the potential benefits of its use. Biochar is 617% more expensive than common fertilizers. Biochar could improve productivity of degraded pasturelands in Brazil if investments in efficient biochar production techniques are used and biochar is subsidized by low emission incentive schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E Latawiec
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,National School of Tropical Botany (ENBT), Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040 - Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, 22460-036, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 116B, 30-149, Kraków, Poland. .,University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 68020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André B Junqueira
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ednaldo Araujo
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agrobiology, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, 23891-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro Brazil Embrapa Agrobiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando D de Moraes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agrobiology, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, 23891-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro Brazil Embrapa Agrobiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena A N Pinto
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 68020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Castro
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcio Rangel
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Malaguti
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline F Rodrigues
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Barioni
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 209 - Cidade Universitária, 13083-886, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino H Novotny
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Soils, R. Jardim Botânico, 1024 - Jardim Botânico, 22460-000, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maiara Mendes
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National School of Tropical Botany (ENBT), Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040 - Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, 22460-036, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nilcileny Batista
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Guilherme Guerra
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agrobiology, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, 23891-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro Brazil Embrapa Agrobiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Everaldo Zonta
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, 22460-320, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Reid JL, Fagan ME, Lucas J, Slaughter J, Zahawi RA. The ephemerality of secondary forests in southern Costa Rica. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Leighton Reid
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis Missouri 63110 USA
| | - Matthew E. Fagan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA
| | - James Lucas
- Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis St Louis Missouri 63130 USA
| | - Joshua Slaughter
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA
| | - Rakan A. Zahawi
- Lyon Arboretum University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawai'i 96822 USA
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15
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Sansevero JBB, Alonso JM, Booth MC, Bueno MM, Carvalho LS, Clemente N, Foesch MDS, Mateus FA, Valcarcel R. On the teaching of ecological restoration in Brazil: an analysis of postgraduate courses. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerônimo B. B. Sansevero
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Jorge M. Alonso
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Micael C. Booth
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Mateus M. Bueno
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Carvalho
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
- COPPE - Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-972 Brazil
| | - Nicoló Clemente
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Meri Diana S. Foesch
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Mateus
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Valcarcel
- Instituto de Florestas - IF; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07; Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
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16
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Uriarte M, Chazdon RL. Incorporating natural regeneration in forest landscape restoration in tropical regions: synthesis and key research gaps. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave. New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043 Storrs CT 06268‐3043 USA
- International Institute for Sustainability Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Horto Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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