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Alhamed A, Al-Zeer A, Alsaawi F, Alshaikh A, Alzaher A, Alkattan A, Alrasheed N, Sagor K, Alsalem E, Ibrahim M, Alfaleh A. Dental decay in children and the link to weight status: A cross-sectional analysis of national school health data. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:533-538. [PMID: 38690383 PMCID: PMC11056465 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent national reports have indicated an increasing trend of dental decay among school-aged children. National school-based data are required to guide decision-making to ensure effective public health efforts to manage dental decay. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental decay among school-age children in Saudi Arabia and explore the possible link between dental decay and weight status. This was a cross-sectional analysis of a national sample including 1,134,317 Saudi children in the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th grades who participated in a national school screening program. Data for weight, height, body mass index (BMI), dental decay prevalence, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index were analysed. An independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square test were used to compare the means, while Pearson's r correlation and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationships between the study variables. The prevalence of dental decay was 24.20%, and dental decay was the highest among female students (26.5%), students in primary school (25.9%), students living in the eastern region (35.2%), in the administrative capital (27.6%), and in rural areas (23.4%). Dental decay was the highest among students who were underweight. Female sex and living in rural areas significantly predicted higher DMFT while being overweight/obese significantly predicted lower DMFT. Dental decay is highly prevalent among underweight students, female students, and students living in rural areas and the eastern regions of Saudi Arabia. To reduce the prevalence of dental decay and related health disparities, dental health screening programs should be designed to detect dental decay early among children at high risk due to abnormal BMIs and sociodemographic factors. In addition, dental health screening and management programs should utilize standardized dental decay assessment methods and ethnically representative growth charts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Alhamed
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Zeer
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Lean Business Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshaikh
- Lean Business Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alzaher
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkattan
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Alrasheed
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood Sagor
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Alsalem
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Ibrahim
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Community, Environment and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Amjad Alfaleh
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ruiz B, Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Ramrakha S, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Poulton R. Childhood caries is associated with poor health and a faster pace of aging by midlife. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:381-388. [PMID: 37920118 PMCID: PMC10919959 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood caries is associated with poorer self-rated general health in adulthood, but it remains unclear whether that holds for physical health and aging. The aim of this study was to identify whether age-5 caries is associated with (a) biomarkers for poor physical health, and (b) the pace of aging (PoA) by age 45 years. METHODS Participants are members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study birth cohort. At age 45, 94.1% (n = 938) of those still alive took part. Data on age-5 caries experience and age-45 health biomarkers were collected. The PoA captures age-related decline across the cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, immune, dental and pulmonary systems from age 26 to 45 years. We used (a) generalized estimating equations to examine associations between age-5 caries and poor physical health by age 45 years, and (b) ordinary least squares regression to examine whether age-5 caries was associated with the PoA. Analyses adjusted for sex, perinatal health, childhood SES and childhood IQ. RESULTS High caries experience at age-5 was associated with higher risk for some metabolic abnormalities, including BMI ≥30, high waist circumference, and high serum leptin. Those with high caries experience at age-5 were aging at a faster rate by age 45 years than those who had been caries-free. CONCLUSIONS Oral health is essential for wellbeing. Poor oral health can be an early signal of a trajectory towards poor health in adulthood. Management for both conditions should be better-integrated; and integrated population-level prevention strategies should be foundational to any health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Ruiz
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Jonathan M. Broadbent
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - W. Murray Thomson
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Division of SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Genomic and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of PsychiatryKings College LondonLondonUSA
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Genomic and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of PsychiatryKings College LondonLondonUSA
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Division of SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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3
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Awad M, Bani Issa W, Radwan H, Fakhry R, Al-Yateem N, Rossiter R. Association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in UAE: a pilot cross sectional study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1160428. [PMID: 37441619 PMCID: PMC10333752 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1160428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13-19 years old from private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t-tests were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) by age, sex, school type, mothers' employment, BMI categories, waist circumference, oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study. Results The average age of the participants was 16.2 ± 1.4 years old. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42% (N = 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% (N = 132) had average waist circumference and 18% (N = 29) with above average waist circumference. Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), (p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that, being a male, attending a public school and having average waist circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). Conclusion Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents in the UAE. Further research is required to investigate the complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between obesity and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Awad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wegdan Bani Issa
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa Fakhry
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel Rossiter
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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Murtomaa H, Varenne B, Phantumvanit P, Chikte U, Khoshnevisan MH, Fatemi NM, Hessari H, Khami MR. Neglected epidemics: The role of oral public health to advance global health. J Glob Health 2022; 12:02001. [PMID: 35594383 PMCID: PMC9122238 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Murtomaa
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benoit Varenne
- Department of Non-Communicable diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Usuf Chikte
- Department of Global Health, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - Hossein Hessari
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, and Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, and Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Eskytė I, Gray-Burrows KA, Owen J, Sykes-Muskett B, Pavitt SH, West R, Marshman Z, Day PF. Organizational Barriers to Oral Health Conversations Between Health Visitors and Parents of Children Aged 9-12 Months Old. Front Public Health 2021; 9:578168. [PMID: 33708755 PMCID: PMC7940188 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.578168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries is the most prevalent preventable childhood disease and a major public health priority. Local authorities in England have a statutory responsibility to improve child health, including oral health, through the “Healthy Child Programme.” The “Healthy Child Programme,” which includes the provision of oral health advice is delivered by health visitors to parents of young children. To date, research has mainly concentrated on individual interactions between health visitors and parents, with less attention given to the broader context in which these oral health conversations between health visitor and parents take place. Objective: Our study explored the organizational factors that obstruct health visitors from engaging in meaningful conversations with parents about young children's oral health. Methods: Qualitative interviews and focus groups were held with health visiting teams (n = 18) conducting home visits with parents of 9–12-month olds in a deprived, urban area in England. Results: The study revealed the wide variation in what and how oral health advice is delivered to parents at home visits. Several barriers were identified and grouped into four key themes: (1) Priority of topics discussed in the home visits; (2) Finance cuts and limited resources; (3) Oral health knowledge and skills; and (4) Collaborative working with other professionals. It was evident that organizational factors in current public health policy and service provision play an important role in shaping oral health practices and opportunities for behavior change. Conclusion: Organizational practices and procedures play an important role in creating interaction patterns between health visiting teams and parents of young children. They often limit effective engagement with and positive change in oral health. For future oral health interventions to be effective, awareness of these barriers is essential alongside them being founded on evidence-based advice and underpinned by appropriate theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Eskytė
- School of Law, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jenny Owen
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Sykes-Muskett
- Occupational Health Department, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Sue H Pavitt
- Dental Translational and Clinical Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robert West
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Marshman
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F Day
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Bradford Community Dental Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
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6
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Kennedy T, Rodd C, Daymont C, Grant CG, Mittermuller BA, Pierce A, Moffatt MEK, Schroth RJ. The association of body mass index and severe early childhood caries in young children in Winnipeg, Manitoba: A cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:626-633. [PMID: 32057150 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between body mass index (BMI) and caries have been reported. AIM To evaluate the direction of the relationship between BMI and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). DESIGN Children were recruited as part of a larger prospective cohort study assessing changes in nutritional status following dental rehabilitation under general anaesthetic. Pre-operative anthropometric measurements were used to calculate BMI z-scores (BMIz). Operative reports were reviewed to calculate caries scores based on treatment rendered. Analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and simple and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Overall, 150 children were recruited with a mean age of 47.7 ± 14.2 (SD) months; 52% female. Over 42% were at risk for overweight, overweight or obese. Although simple linear regression demonstrated a significant positive association between dmfs score and BMIz, adjusted multiple linear regression found no significant relationship between BMIz and dmfs, but highlighted a relationship between BMI z-score and family income, Registered First Nations Status and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Although a significant relationship between BMI and S-ECC was not found, poverty was a key confounding variable. As both S-ECC and obesity are known predictors of future disease, it is important for healthcare professionals to identify children at risk. Diet and behaviour modification may play a role in disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Kennedy
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Dentistry Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carrie Daymont
- Penn State Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Philadelphia
| | - Cameron G Grant
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Betty-Anne Mittermuller
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael E K Moffatt
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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7
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Correlation between Caries, Body Mass Index and Occlusion in an Italian Pediatric Patients Sample: A Transverse Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17092994. [PMID: 32357403 PMCID: PMC7246709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17092994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between caries, body mass index (BMI) and occlusion in a sample of pediatric patients. METHODS The study group included 127 patients (72 female, 55 male) aged between 6 and 16 years (mean age 10.2) and selected between January and June 2019 at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Messina. Caries incidence was evaluated using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. On the basis of BMI values, using a table adjusted for age and gender, patients were grouped into four categories (underweight, normal weight, risk of overweight, overweight). RESULTS There was no significant correlation between BMI and DMFT in the whole sample. The study of the correlation between BMI and DMFT in patients with different types of malocclusion showed a significant inverse correlation for patients affected by II class and deepbite malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of caries does not seem to be significantly related to BMI and occlusal patterns, but it decreases with increasing age.
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8
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Shen A, Bernabé E, Sabbah W. Severe dental caries is associated with incidence of thinness and overweight among preschool Chinese children. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:203-209. [PMID: 31648582 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1679390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association of incidence and baseline prevalence of severe dental caries with incidences of thinness and overweight among pre-school Chinese children.Materials and methods: A longitudinal study design was used. A total of 772 children recruited from 15 kindergartens in Liaoning Province who completed baseline and follow-up assessments were included. The age range of children at baseline was 24.6-71.1 months. BMI-for-age z-score was calculated to estimate incidence of thinness and overweight. Severe dental caries was indicated by pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula or abscess (pufa). Baseline prevalence of severe caries included children with pufa ≥1, incidence included those who changed from pufa = 0 to ≥1 at follow-up. Logistic regression was constructed to assess the association of baseline prevalence and incidence of severe caries with each of incidence thinness and overweight.Results: Children with incidence of severe caries had higher odds for incidence thinness (OR: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.08, 15.41). Baseline prevalence of severe caries was not significantly associated with incidence thinness. Participants with severe caries at baseline had higher odds for incidence overweight (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.63). The relationship between incidence of severe caries and incidence overweight was insignificant.Conclusions: The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship between severe dental caries and both ends of anthropometric measures among pre-school Chinese children. The findings highlight the importance of integrating oral and general health promotion policies. Primary health care providers are encouraged to incorporate dental screening, counselling and referral for treatment for severe caries to promote appropriate growth and overall health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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9
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Manohar N, Hayen A, Fahey P, Arora A. Obesity and dental caries in early childhood: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12960. [PMID: 31721413 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and dental caries in children are significant health problems. The aims of this review are to identify whether children aged 6 years and younger with overweight and/or obesity have higher dental caries experience compared with children with normal weight and, secondly, to identify the common risk factors associated with both conditions. Medline, Embase, and seven other databases were systematically searched followed by lateral searches from reference lists, grey literature, theses, conference proceedings, and contacting field experts. Longitudinal observational studies addressing overweight and/or obesity and dental caries in children aged 6 years and younger were included. A random effects model meta-analyses were applied. Nine studies were included in this review. Children with overweight and obesity had a significantly higher dental caries experience compared with children with normal weight (n = 6). The pooled estimates showed that difference in caries experience between the two groups was statistically significant. Low levels of parental income and education were identified to be associated with both conditions in the sample population. Children with overweight and obesity are more vulnerable to dental caries. Low levels of parental income and education influence the relationship between the two conditions. However, the quality of evidence varied considerably; therefore, findings should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendar Manohar
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayen
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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García Pérez A, Barrera Ortega C, González-Aragón Pineda Á, Villanueva Gutiérrez T, Pérez Pérez N, Calderon Uriostegui D. An inverse relationship between obesity and dental caries in Mexican schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Public Health 2020; 180:163-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Swaminathan K, Anandan V, H S, Thomas E. Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Dental Caries Among Three- to 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2019; 11:e5421. [PMID: 31482045 PMCID: PMC6701920 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diet is a deeply ingrained element of a person’s life. Children’s dietary habits are a significant contributor to obesity and dental caries. Dental caries during childhood continues to be a significant public health concern, while childhood obesity is increasingly being cited as a major public health problem. This study aimed to assess the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in children aged three to 12 years who attended both government and private schools in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional review of 2200 children aged three to 12 years with clinically recorded dental caries. The World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for BMI percentile was used to evaluate and record dental caries clinically. The Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for univariate comparisons. Results: Mean values between the overweight category and underweight category revealed no significant differences. Conclusion: We found no association between BMI-for-age and dental caries in children in both primary and mixed dentition. This relationship should be investigated further by longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Swaminathan
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | | | - SelvaKumar H
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Eapen Thomas
- Pediatric Dentistry, Dr. Sunny Medical Centre, Sharajah, ARE
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12
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Sharma B, Indushekar KR, Saraf BG, Sardana D, Sheoran N, Mavi S. Are dental caries and overweight/obesity interrelated? A cross-sectional study in rural and urban preschool children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:224-231. [PMID: 31584020 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_140_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and dental caries are two distinct diseases which are somewhat preventable through a common risk factor approach, as they have common underlying etiological factor, i.e., high sugar intake. AIM The aim of the study is to examine the correlation between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in rural and urban areas of Hisar (Haryana, India) and intercompare their correlations. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study in rural and urban preschool children of Hisar, Haryana. METHODS A total of 500 urban and 500 rural children (age group 3-6 years) were selected from schools of Hisar and the values of their mean BMI and mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) (using the World Health Organization criteria, 2005) were compared using independent sample t-test among different groups and subgroups. Pearson correlation coefficients between dmft and BMI were calculated for groups and subgroups and intercompared. RESULTS Males had significantly higher BMI than females (P < 0.05) and urban preschool children had significantly higher BMI than rural preschool children (P < 0.05). Mean deft was statistically non-significant across the genders and both geographical areas. Non-significant negative correlation was observed between dmft and BMI across different areas and genders. The overall prevalence of obesity/overweight was 20.2% (25.6% urban preschool children; 14.8% rural preschool children). More rural preschool children were underweight (23.8%) than urban preschool children (14.4%) with the overall prevalence of underweight being 19.1%. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant correlation between dental caries and BMI in preschool children of rural and urban areas. Obesity/overweight was more prevalent in urban preschool children, whereas rural preschool children predominantly were underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - K R Indushekar
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhavna Gupta Saraf
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Divesh Sardana
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India; Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Neha Sheoran
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sunny Mavi
- Department of Periodontics, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Shen A, Bernabé E, Sabbah W. The bidirectional relationship between weight, height and dental caries among preschool children in China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216227. [PMID: 31039199 PMCID: PMC6490928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of a bidirectional association between dental caries and anthropometric measures among children. This dual relationship has not been examined in the same population. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine the relationship between baseline caries and changes in weight and height; and (2) to assess whether baseline weight and height are associated with changes in dental caries in a sample of preschool Chinese children. Children were recruited from 15 kindergarten in Liaoning Province at baseline (8 in rural area and 7 in urban area), a total of 1,111 of children were included at baseline. The mean age of children at baseline was 50.82 months. Data were collected through clinical oral examination, assessment of anthropometric measures and structured questionnaire. Dental caries was assessed according World Health Organization (WHO) methods by one dentist. Sociodemographic and behaviour data were also collected. At follow-up, 772 children were included (attrition rate: 30%), dental caries and anthropometric measures were assessed again. Z-score for weight-for-age and height-for-age were calculated using the 2006 and 2007 WHO Child Growth Standards. The sum of decayed, missing and filled primary teeth (dmft) were used in the analysis. Multilevel analysis for longitudinal data was conducted to explore the relationship between z-score for weight-for-age and height-for-age, and dental caries among children. The median follow-up time was 10.12 months. There was a significant negative association between dmft at baseline and change in height-for-age. On the other hand, weight-for-age at baseline was negatively associated with change in dmft at follow-up. The findings suggest that dental caries impedes children's growth indicated by height for age. Low weight children appear to be more susceptible to dental caries in the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Paisi M, Kay E, Bennett C, Kaimi I, Witton R, Nelder R, Lapthorne D. Body mass index and dental caries in young people: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:122. [PMID: 31014292 PMCID: PMC6480798 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and caries in young people are issues of public health concern. Even though research into the relationship between the two conditions has been conducted for many years, to date the results remain equivocal. The aim of this paper was to determine the nature of the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and caries in children and adolescents, by conducting a systematic review of the published literature. Methods A systematic search of studies examining the association between BMI and caries in individuals younger than 18 years old was conducted. The electronic bibliographic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Google Scholar were searched. References of included studies were checked to identify further potential studies. Internal and external validity as well as reporting quality were assessed using the validated Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklist. Results were stratified based on the risk of flaws in 14 domains 10 of which were considered major and four minor. Results Of the 4208 initially identified studies, 84 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review; conclusions were mainly drawn from 7 studies at lower risk of flaws. Three main types of association between BMI and caries were found: 26 studies showed a positive relationship, 19 showed a negative association, and 43 found no association between the variables of interest. Some studies showed more than one pattern of association. Assessment of confounders was the domain most commonly found to be flawed, followed by sampling and research specific bias. Among the seven studies which were found to be at lower risk of being flawed, five found no association between BMI and caries and two showed a positive association between these two variables. Conclusions Evidence of an association between BMI and caries was inconsistent. Based on the studies with a low risk lower risk of being flawed, a positive association between the variables of interest was found mainly in older children. In younger children, the evidence was equivocal. Longitudinal studies examining the association between different indicators of obesity and caries over the life course will help shed light in their complex relationship. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1511-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Paisi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Peninsula Dental School, room C507, Portland Square, Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Kay
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Peninsula Dental School, room C507, Portland Square, Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Cathy Bennett
- Office of Research and Innovation, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Kaimi
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Robert Witton
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Peninsula Dental School, room C507, Portland Square, Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Robert Nelder
- Office of the Director of Public Health, Plymouth City Council, Plymouth, PL6 5UF, UK
| | - Debra Lapthorne
- Public Health England, South West, Follaton House, Plymouth Road, Totnes, Devon, TQ9 5NE, UK
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Pussinen PJ, Paju S, Koponen J, Viikari JSA, Taittonen L, Laitinen T, Burgner DP, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Association of Childhood Oral Infections With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e192523. [PMID: 31026022 PMCID: PMC6487573 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Severe forms of common chronic oral infections or inflammations are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adults. To date, the role of childhood oral infections in cardiovascular risk is not known because no long-term studies have been conducted. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether signs of oral infections in childhood are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The cohort study (n = 755) was derived from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study in Finland initiated in 1980. Participants underwent clinical oral examinations during childhood, when they were aged 6, 9, or 12 years and a clinical cardiovascular follow-up in adulthood in 2001 at age 27, 30, or 33 years and/or in 2007 at age 33, 36, or 39 years. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured at baseline and during the follow-up until the end of 2007. Final statistical analyses were completed on February 19, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Four signs of oral infections (bleeding on probing, periodontal probing pocket depth, caries, and dental fillings) were documented. Cumulative lifetime exposure to 6 cardiovascular risk factors was calculated from dichotomized variables obtained by using the area-under-the-curve method. Subclinical atherosclerosis (ie, carotid artery intima-media thickness [IMT]) was quantified in 2001 (n = 468) and 2007 (n = 489). RESULTS This study included 755 participants, of whom 371 (49.1%) were male; the mean (SD) age at baseline examination was 8.07 (2.00) years. In this cohort, 33 children (4.5%) had no sign of oral infections, whereas 41 (5.6%) had 1 sign, 127 (17.4%) had 2 signs, 278 (38.3%) had 3 signs, and 248 (34.1%) had 4 signs. The cumulative exposure to risk factors increased with the increasing number of oral infections both in childhood and adulthood. In multiple linear regression models, childhood oral infections, including signs of either periodontal disease (R2 = 0.018; P = .01), caries (R2 = 0.022; P = .008), or both (R2 = 0.024; P = .004), were associated with adulthood IMT. The presence of any sign of oral infection in childhood was associated with increased IMT (third tertile vs tertiles 1 and 2) with a relative risk of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.25-2.79), whereas the presence of all 4 signs produced a relative risk of 1.95 (95% CI, 1.28-3.00). The associations were more obvious in boys: if periodontal disease were present, the corresponding estimate was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.21-2.36); if caries, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.04-2.05); and if all 4 signs of oral infections, 2.25 (95% CI, 1.30-3.89). The associations were independent of cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Oral infections in childhood appear to be associated with the subclinical carotid atherosclerosis seen in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Koponen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma S. A. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David P. Burgner
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Li LW, Wong HM, Gandhi A, McGrath CP. Caries-related risk factors of obesity among 18-year-old adolescents in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:188. [PMID: 30458813 PMCID: PMC6247777 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socio-economic status, health awareness, and dietary habits have been reported as common risk factors of dental caries and obesity. The present study aimed to explore shared mediators between caries and obesity and to estimate the effects of caries-related factors on adiposity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among adolescents aged 18 years. The study was nested in a population-representative cohort of Chinese in Hong Kong. The number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) was recorded during the oral examinations. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR), Waist-Height-Ratio (WHtR), and Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TRSKF) were used as adiposity indices. Data on socio-economic status, oral health behavior (tooth brushing habit, use of fluoride toothpaste, dental flossing habit, and mouth rinse habit), and dietary record (frequency and amount of different food) were collected through self-completed questionnaires. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were used for analysis. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-three participants were included. The mean (standard deviation, SD) of BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, TRSKF, and DMFT were 21.26 (3.72), 69.11 (9.25), 0.77 (0.06), 0.42 (0.05), 15.72 (6.33), and 2.06 (2.43), respectively. Males were more likely to be overweight/obese than females. Various factors including gender, parental employment status, mouth rinse habit, frequency and amount of meat intake, frequency of oil intake, use of fluoride toothpaste, and DMFT were found significant (p < 0.05) in different final models of adiposity status. CONCLUSIONS More mediators should be included in future research to elucidate mechanism of the association between caries and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Li
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman Patrick McGrath
- Periodontology & Public health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shivakumar S, Srivastava A, C Shivakumar G. Body Mass Index and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:228-232. [PMID: 30131646 PMCID: PMC6102445 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This review was undertaken to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries with the available literature evidence. Materials and methods The articles were searched from Medline/PubMed and Journal of Web published between 2005 and 2016. Results Out of the 146 references obtained, 16 articles in English language were read in full, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria after assessing by Down and Black criteria. Conclusion No consensus was reached in the relationship between BMI and dental caries in the present review due to varied associations How to cite this article: Shivakumar S, Srivastava A, Shivakumar GC. Body Mass Index and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):228-232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Shivakumar
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adit Srivastava
- Associate Professor, Unit of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ganiga C Shivakumar
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Eskyte I, Gray-Burrows K, Owen J, Sykes-Muskett B, Zoltie T, Gill S, Smith V, McEachan R, Marshman Z, West R, Pavitt S, Day P. HABIT-an early phase study to explore an oral health intervention delivered by health visitors to parents with young children aged 9-12 months: study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:68. [PMID: 29610675 PMCID: PMC5870936 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parental supervised brushing (PSB) when initiated in infancy can lead to long-term protective home-based oral health habits thereby reducing the risk of dental caries. However, PSB is a complex behaviour with many barriers reported by parents hindering its effective implementation. Within the UK, oral health advice is delivered universally to parents by health visitors and their wider teams when children are aged between 9 and 12 months. Nevertheless, there is no standardised intervention or training upon which health visitors can base this advice, and they often lack the specialised knowledge needed to help parents overcome barriers to performing PSB and limiting sugary foods and drinks. Working with health visitors and parents of children aged 9–24 months, we have co-designed oral health training and resources (Health Visitors delivering Advice in Britain on Infant Toothbrushing (HABIT) intervention) to be used by health visitors and their wider teams when providing parents of children aged 9–12 months with oral health advice. The aim of the study is to explore the acceptability of the HABIT intervention to parents and health visitors, to examine the mechanism of action and develop suitable objective measures of PSB. Methods/design Six health visitors working in a deprived city in the UK will be provided with training on how to use the HABIT intervention. Health visitors will then each deliver the intervention to five parents of children aged 9–12 months. The research team will collect measures of PSB and dietary behaviours before and at 2 weeks and 3 months after the HABIT intervention. Acceptability of the HABIT intervention to health visitors will be explored through semi-structured diaries completed after each visit and a focus group discussion after delivery to all parents. Acceptability of the HABIT intervention and mechanism of action will be explored briefly during each home visit with parents and in greater details in 20–25 qualitative interviews after the completion of data collection. The utility of three objective measures of PSB will be compared with each other and with parental-self reports. Discussion This study will provide essential information to inform the design of a definitive cluster randomised controlled trial. Trial registration There is no database for early phase studies such as ours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Eskyte
- 1School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU UK
| | | | - Jenny Owen
- 1School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU UK
| | | | - Tim Zoltie
- 1School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU UK
| | - Susanne Gill
- Highfield Health Visiting Team, Highfield Health Centre, Leeds, BD4 9QA UK
| | - Victoria Smith
- Allerton Health Visiting Team, Allerton Health Centre, Bradford, BD15 7NJ UK
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- 4Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
| | - Zoe Marshman
- 5School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA UK
| | - Robert West
- 6Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU UK
| | - Sue Pavitt
- 7Dental Translational and Clinical Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU UK
| | - Peter Day
- 1School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU UK
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Hall-Scullin EP, Whitehead H, Rushton H, Milsom K, Tickle M. A longitudinal study of the relationship between dental caries and obesity in late childhood and adolescence. J Public Health Dent 2017; 78:100-108. [DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary Whitehead
- Community Dental Service; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Salford UK
| | - Helen Rushton
- Health eResearch Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Keith Milsom
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences; University of Manchester; Chester UK
| | - Martin Tickle
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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20
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Longitudinal Association between Obesity and Dental Caries in Adolescents. J Pediatr 2017; 189:149-154.e5. [PMID: 28728812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the longitudinal association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents. STUDY DESIGN The present cohort study was conducted among a random sample of 12-year-old adolescents in Hong Kong. Two rounds of follow-up were performed when the participants were aged 15 and 18 years. A total of 668 participants were included at age 12 years, and 282 of them completed all 3 phases of data collection. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and triceps skinfold thickness were measured as indices of obesity. Dental caries were assessed by the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT). RESULTS The percentage of underweight adolescents increased significantly from 6.0% to 23.8% during the observation period (P <.001). Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were related to frequency of tooth brushing at age 15 and 18 years. The prevalence of dental caries was 25.5%, 53.2%, and 62.1% at 12, 15 and 18 years, respectively. At age 18 years, mean DMFT of participants whose WHR at age 15 years was below the median value was 0.707 times (ie, 29.3%) lower than the DMFT of those whose WHR was above the median (P = .028). Participants with greater DMFT at age 15 demonstrated significantly increased probability of having WHR above the median (OR 1.135; 95% CI 1.01-1.28; P = .041) at age 18 years. CONCLUSION There is longitudinal association between central obesity and dental caries experience among adolescents aged 15-18 years.
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Song IS, Han K, Ryu JJ, Park JB. Obesity is inversely related to the risks of dental caries in Korean adults. Oral Dis 2017; 23:1080-1086. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I-S Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Korea University Anam Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Biostatistics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - J-J Ryu
- Department of Prosthodontics; Korea University Anam Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - J-B Park
- Department of Periodontics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
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Almerich-Torres T, Montiel-Company JM, Bellot-Arcís C, Almerich-Silla JM. Relationship between caries, body mass index and social class in Spanish children. GACETA SANITARIA 2016; 31:499-504. [PMID: 27887789 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between caries, body mass index (BMI) and social class in child population of the Valencia region (Spain) at 6, 12 and 15 years, and study. METHODS In a cross sectional study of 1326 children aged 6 (n=488), 12 (n=409) and 15 years (n=433) who took part in the 2010 Oral Health Survey of the Valencia region, the ICDAS II criteria were employed for diagnosing and coding all the teeth examined. The quantitative BMI values on a continuous scale were grouped into 3 categories (normal weight, overweight, obese) based on a table adjusted for age and gender. The highest-ranking occupation of the parents was taken to indicate the social class of the child. RESULTS The mean BMI was 17.21 at 6 years, 21.39 at 12 years and 22.38 at 15 years. No significant differences in caries indexes (DMFT or dft) by degree of obesity stratified by social class were found in any of the age groups studied. There was no significant correlation between BMI and DMFT-dft in any of the age groups. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is not associated with dental caries in schoolchildren of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Almerich-Torres
- Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Bellot-Arcís
- Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, València, Spain
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Kumar S, Kroon J, Lalloo R, Kulkarni S, Johnson NW. Relationship between body mass index and dental caries in children, and the influence of socio-economic status. Int Dent J 2016; 67:91-97. [PMID: 27747864 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association of body mass index (BMI) with dental caries in Indian schoolchildren, and to analyse the influence of socio-economic status (SES). METHODS The study population consisted of 11- to 14-year-old children from Medak District in Telangana State, India. The Indian Academy of Paediatrics 2015 growth charts were used to categorise children as underweight, overweight, normal or obese, based on their BMI. Data on the SES of the family were collected through questionnaires. Clinical examination for dental caries was performed by a single examiner. RESULTS A total of 1,092 subjects returned questionnaires and were clinically examined (giving a response rate of 85%). There were no significant differences in caries prevalence and experience across the categories of BMI. However, caries prevalence and experience in overweight children were 24.8% and 0.69 ± 1.51, respectively, while the corresponding values in normal-weight children were 35% and 0.85 ± 1.50, respectively. Among children of high-SES families, overweight children had approximately 71% fewer caries than did those who were normal weight [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.78)]. CONCLUSIONS BMI was not associated with dental caries prevalence and experience in this population. The association of BMI with dental caries varied across SES categories. In the high-SES category, overweight children experienced fewer caries than did normal-weight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeroen Kroon
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ratilal Lalloo
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suhas Kulkarni
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Bahrololoomi Z, Fotouhi Ardakani F, Dehestani Ardakani F. Body Mass Index and Dental Caries in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-40425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Liang JJ, Zhang ZQ, Chen YJ, Mai JC, Ma J, Yang WH, Jing J. Dental caries is negatively correlated with body mass index among 7-9 years old children in Guangzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:638. [PMID: 27456686 PMCID: PMC4960882 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking caries in primary dentition and children's anthropometric measures is contradictory. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of primary dental caries and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) among 7-9 years old school children in urban Guangzhou, China. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 32,461 pupils (14,778 girls and 17,683 boys) aged 7-9 years from 65 elementary schools in Guangzhou. Dental caries was detected according to criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The total mean decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft) of primary dentition were assessed. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Children were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity groups by BMI based on Chinese criteria. Z-score of BMI-for-age (BAZ) was calculated by WHO standardized procedure. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline regression was applied to evaluate the shape of the relationship between BAZ and primary dental caries. RESULTS The prevalence of primary dental caries was 30.7 % in total sample. Regarding dmft values, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) in the combined sample were 1.03 ± 2.05 in boys and 0.93 ± 1.92 in girls. Both indices decreased by age. Compared with normal BMI group, children in overweight and obesity groups have 27 % (OR = 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.66-0.81, P < 0.0001) and 34 % (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.59-0.74, P < 0.0001) lower odds for the presence of primary dental caries after adjustment for age and gender, respectively. Although in general, increased BAZ was associated with decreased risk of dental caries, full-range BAZ was associated with dental caries in an A-shaped manner with a zenith at around -1.4. CONCLUSION Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of caries; overweight and obese children were more likely to be primary dental caries free among 7-9 years in Guangzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-qing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ya-jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-cheng Mai
- Guangzhou Health Care Clinics of Middle and Primary Schools, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health of Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Wen-han Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
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Kharma MY, Aws G, Tarakji B. Are dentists involved in the treatment of obesity? J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:183-8. [PMID: 27382531 PMCID: PMC4916789 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.183112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality associated with being overweight or obese have been known to the medical profession to be related with an increased risk of associated diseases. This article provides an overview of obesity and addresses possible strategies for the management of this important public health concern. This narrative review sheds light on the problem of obesity and the necessity of professional oral health care to work in partnership with the medical team for managing obesity. In this regard, general dental practitioners should at least reinforce their knowledge regarding obesity and understand their potential role in the treatment and management of obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Kharma
- Department Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria, KSA; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Farabi Colleges, KSA
| | - Ghassan Aws
- Department of Oral Science, Al-Farabi Colleges, KSA
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27
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Association between dental caries and body mass index in 12–15 year old private school children in Ibadan, Nigeria. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Donovan TE, Marzola R, Becker W, Cagna DR, Eichmiller F, McKee JR, Metz JE, Albouy JP. Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 114:756-809. [PMID: 26611624 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Donovan
- Chair, Committee on Scientific Investigation, American Academy of Restorative Dentistry (AARD); and Professor and Chair for Biomaterials, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry at Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Riccardo Marzola
- Adjunct Professor, Fixed Implant Prosthodontics, University of Bologna; and Private practice, Ferrara, Italy
| | - William Becker
- Clinical Professor, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - David R Cagna
- Associate Dean, Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Dental Director, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisc
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Li LW, Wong HM, Peng SM, McGrath CP. Anthropometric measurements and dental caries in children: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:52-63. [PMID: 25593143 PMCID: PMC4288280 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in childhood over time (life-course studies). The aim of this review was to identify and systematically review the evidence of the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in childhood over time. PubMed, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Library, and 6 other databases were searched to identify effective articles. A systematic approach involving critical appraisal was conducted to examine the relation between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in preschool- and school-aged populations from longitudinal studies. An initial search identified 1338 studies, with 59 potentially effective studies (κ = 0.82) and 17 effective studies (κ = 0.88). The quality of reporting among the studies ranged from 19.5 to 30.0 according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. Among the effective studies, 2 studies in which caries was used to predict anthropometric measurements consistently found an inverse association and 15 studies in which anthropometric measurements were used to predict caries were inconsistent, with results appearing to be influenced by nonuniformity of assessments, setting, and procedure of measurements; age and ethnicity of participants; and confounders of dental caries. In conclusion, among >1000 studies identified, 17 informed this systematic review. The quality of reporting of these studies varied considerably. Evidence of the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries is conflicting and remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colman P McGrath
- Periodontology and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Dusseldorp E, Kamphuis M, Schuller A. Impact of lifestyle factors on caries experience in three different age groups: 9, 15, and 21-year-olds. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 43:9-16. [PMID: 25229181 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the impact of lifestyle factors on dental caries experiences in addition to the effect of demographic characteristics at the ages of 9, 15, and 21 years. METHODS The data were obtained from the study 'Oral health in children and adolescents in the Netherlands'. Data were collected through questionnaires and a clinical oral examination. Because the DMFS count data were highly skewed with a peak at zero, the negative binomial hurdle model was used for the analyses. The first part of the hurdle predicted the probability of having caries experience or not, and the second part predicted the degree of caries experience. RESULTS For the 9- and 15-year-old age groups, the breakfast frequency per week was related with having caries experience, while the frequency of brushing teeth per day was related with the degree of caries experience. In addition, the number of food and drinks consumed per day was important for the younger age group. These relations were not found in the 21-year-olds age group. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study suggest that components to promote structure and regularity, including having breakfast and the number of food and drink moments, may be important to include in programs to prevent dental caries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dusseldorp
- TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands; Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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