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Litjens NHR, van der List ACJ, Klepper M, Prevoo F, Boer K, Hesselink DA, Betjes MGH. Polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells are associated with acute T-cell-mediated rejection of the kidney transplant. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:371-383. [PMID: 37070703 PMCID: PMC10571010 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute T-cell-mediated rejection (aTCMR) still remains a clinical problem after kidney transplantation despite significant improvements in immunosuppressive regimens. Polyfunctional T cells, i.e. T cells producing multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, are believed to be the most relevant T cells in an immune response. The aim of this study was to determine whether polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells are associated with aTCMR. In a case-control study, 49 kidney transplant recipients with a biopsy-proven aTCMR in the first year after transplantation were included, as well as 51 controls without aTCMR. Circulating donor-reactive T cells were identified by the expression of CD137 after short-term co-culture with donor antigen-presenting cells. Polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells were further characterized by dissection into different T-cell subsets encompassing the spectrum of naïve to terminally differentiated effector T cells. Prior to kidney transplantation, proportions of donor-reactive CD4+ (0.03% versus 0.02%; P < 0.01) and CD8+ (0.18% versus 0.10%; P < 0.01) CD137++ T cells were significantly higher in recipients with a biopsy-proven aTCMR versus non-rejectors. Polyfunctionality was higher (P = 0.03) in this subset of CD137-expressing T cells. These cells were predominantly of the EM/EMRA-phenotype, with polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++CD4+ T cells predominantly co-expressing CD28 whereas approximately half of the polyfunctional CD137++CD8+ T cells co-expressed CD28. In addition, at the time of aTCMR, polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++ CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells, were specifically decreased by 75% compared to before transplantation in recipients with as well as those without an aTCMR. Prior to transplantation, the proportion of polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++ T cells is associated with the occurrence of a biopsy-proven aTCMR within the first year after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle H R Litjens
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C J van der List
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fréderique Prevoo
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Boer
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van der List ACJ, Litjens NHR, Brouwer RWW, Klepper M, den Dekker AT, van Ijcken WFJ, Betjes MGH. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Donor-Reactive T Cells Reveals Role of Apoptosis in Donor-Specific Hyporesponsiveness of Kidney Transplant Recipients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14463. [PMID: 37833911 PMCID: PMC10572284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
After kidney transplantation (KT), donor-specific hyporesponsiveness (DSH) of recipient T cells develops over time. Recently, apoptosis was identified as a possible underlying mechanism. In this study, both transcriptomic profiles and complete V(D)J variable regions of TR transcripts from individual alloreactive T cells of kidney transplant recipients were determined with single-cell RNA sequencing. Alloreactive T cells were identified by CD137 expression after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from KT recipients (N = 7) prior to and 3-5 years after transplantation with cells of their donor or a third party control. The alloreactive T cells were sorted, sequenced and the transcriptome and T cell receptor profiles were analyzed using unsupervised clustering. Alloreactive T cells retain a highly polyclonal T Cell Receptor Alpha/Beta repertoire over time. Post transplantation, donor-reactive CD4+ T cells had a specific downregulation of genes involved in T cell cytokine-mediated pathways and apoptosis. The CD8+ donor-reactive T cell profile did not change significantly over time. Single-cell expression profiling shows that activated and pro-apoptotic donor-reactive CD4+ T cell clones are preferentially lost after transplantation in stable kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. J. van der List
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.C.J.v.d.L.); (N.H.R.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Nicolle H. R. Litjens
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.C.J.v.d.L.); (N.H.R.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Rutger W. W. Brouwer
- Erasmus MC Center for Biomics, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.W.W.B.); (A.T.d.D.); (W.F.J.v.I.)
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.C.J.v.d.L.); (N.H.R.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Alexander T. den Dekker
- Erasmus MC Center for Biomics, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.W.W.B.); (A.T.d.D.); (W.F.J.v.I.)
| | - Wilfred F. J. van Ijcken
- Erasmus MC Center for Biomics, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.W.W.B.); (A.T.d.D.); (W.F.J.v.I.)
| | - Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.C.J.v.d.L.); (N.H.R.L.); (M.K.)
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Koya T, Yoshida K, Togi M, Niida Y, Togi S, Ura H, Mizuta S, Kato T, Yamada S, Shibata T, Liu YC, Yuan SS, Wu DC, Kobayashi H, Utsugisawa T, Kanno H, Shimodaira S. Clinical Trial on the Safety and Tolerability of Personalized Cancer Vaccines Using Human Platelet Lysate-Induced Antigen-Presenting Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3627. [PMID: 37509288 PMCID: PMC10377585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research and development of personalized cancer vaccines as precision medicine are ongoing. We predicted human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible cancer antigen candidate peptides based on patient-specific cancer genomic profiles and performed a Phase I clinical trial for the safety and tolerability of cancer vaccines with human platelet lysate-induced antigen-presenting cells (HPL-APCs) from peripheral monocytes. Among the five enrolled patients, two patients completed six doses per course (2-3 × 107 cells per dose), and an interim analysis was performed based on the immune response. An immune response was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays to HLA-A*33:03-matched KRASWT, HLA-DRB1*09:01-compliant KRASWT or G12D, or HLA-A*31:01-matched SMAD4WT, and HLA-DRB1*04:01-matched SMAD4G365D peptides in two completed cases, respectively. Moreover, SMAD4WT-specific CD8+ effector memory T cells were amplified. However, an attenuation of the acquired immune response was observed 6 months after one course of cancer vaccination as the disease progressed. This study confirmed the safety and tolerability of HPL-APCs in advanced and recurrent cancers refractory to standard therapy and is the first clinical report to demonstrate the immunoinducibility of personalized cancer vaccines using HPL-APCs. Phase II clinical trials to determine immune responses with optimized adjuvant drugs and continued administration are expected to demonstrate efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terutsugu Koya
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Misa Togi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yo Niida
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ura
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mizuta
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kato
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou Yuan
- Office of Research & Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito Kobayashi
- Division of Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Adachi 123-8558, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiju Utsugisawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku 162-8666, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kanno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku 162-8666, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Shimodaira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku 162-8666, Tokyo, Japan
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Betjes MGH, De Weerd A. Lowering maintenance immune suppression in elderly kidney transplant recipients; connecting the immunological and clinical dots. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1215167. [PMID: 37502354 PMCID: PMC10368955 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1215167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of long-term immune suppressive medication in kidney transplant recipients is a poorly explored field in the area of transplant medicine. In particular, older recipients are at an increased risk for side effects and have an exponentially increased risk of infection-related death. In contrast, an aged immune system decreases the risk of acute T-cell-mediated rejection in older recipients. Recent advances in alloimmunity research have shown a rapid and substantial decline in polyfunctional, high-risk CD4+ T cells post-transplantation. This lowers the direct alloreactivity responsible for T-cell-mediated rejection, also known as donor-specific hyporesponsiveness. Chronic antibody-mediated rejection (c-aABMR) is the most frequent cause of kidney graft loss in the long term. However, in older adults, c-aABMR as a cause of graft loss is outnumbered by death with a functioning graft. In addition, DSA development and a diagnosis of c-aABMR plateau ~10 years after transplantation, resulting in a very low risk for rejection thereafter. The intensity of immune suppression regimes could likely be reduced accordingly, but trials in this area are scarce. Tacrolimus monotherapy for 1 year after transplantation seems feasible in older kidney transplant recipients with standard immunological risk, showing the expected benefits of fewer infections and better vaccination responses.
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Identification of proteinase 3 autoreactive CD4 +T cells and their T-cell receptor repertoires in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Kidney Int 2023; 103:973-985. [PMID: 36804380 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease involving autoreactivity to proteinase 3 (PR3) as demonstrated by presence of ANCAs. While autoantibodies are screened for diagnosis, autoreactive T cells and their features are less well-studied. Here, we investigated PR3-specific CD4+T cell responses and features of autoreactive T cells in patients with PR3-AAV, using a cohort of 72 patients with either active or inactive disease. Autoreactive PR3-specific CD4+T cells producing interferon γ in response to protein stimulation were found to express the G-protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56), a cell surface marker that distinguishes T cells with cytotoxic capacity. GPR56+CD4+T cells were significantly more prominent in the blood of patients with inactive as compared to active disease, suggesting that these cells were affected by immunosuppression and/or that they migrated from the circulation to sites of organ involvement. Indeed, GPR56+CD4+T cells were identified in T-cell infiltrates of affected kidneys and an association with immunosuppressive therapy was found. Moreover, distinct TCR gene segment usage and shared (public) T cell clones were found for the PR3-reactive TCRs. Shared T cell clones were found in different patients with AAV carrying the disease-associated HLA-DP allele, demonstrating convergence of the autoreactive T cell repertoire. Thus, we identified a CD4+T cell signature in blood and in affected kidneys that display PR3 autoreactivity and associates with T cell cytotoxicity. Our data provide a basis for novel rationales for both immune monitoring and future therapeutic intervention in PR3-AAV.
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A Highly Sensitive Flow Cytometric Approach to Detect Rare Antigen-Specific T Cells: Development and Comparison to Standard Monitoring Tools. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030574. [PMID: 36765532 PMCID: PMC9913544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized vaccines against patient-unique tumor-associated antigens represent a promising new approach for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccine efficacy is assessed by quantification of changes in the frequency and/or the activity of antigen-specific T cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and flow cytometry (FCM) are methodologies frequently used for assessing vaccine efficacy. We tested these methodologies and found that both ELISpot and standard FCM [monitoring CD3/CD4/CD8/IFNγ/Viability+CD14+CD19 (dump)] demonstrate background IFNγ secretion, which, in many cases, was higher than the antigen-specific signal measured by the respective methodology (frequently ranging around 0.05-0.2%). To detect such weak T-cell responses, we developed an FCM panel that included two early activation markers, 4-1BB (CD137) and CD40L (CD154), in addition to the above-cited markers. These two activation markers have a close to zero background expression and are rapidly upregulated following antigen-specific activation. They enabled the quantification of rare T cells responding to antigens within the assay well. Background IFNγ-positive CD4 T cell frequencies decreased to 0.019% ± 0.028% and CD8 T cells to 0.009% ± 0.013%, which are 19 and 13 times lower, respectively, than without the use of these markers. The presented methodology enables highly sensitive monitoring of T-cell responses to tumor-associated antigens in the very low, but clinically relevant, frequencies.
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van der List ACJ, Litjens NHR, Klepper M, Prevoo F, Betjes MGH. Progressive Loss of Donor-Reactive CD4 +Effector Memory T Cells due to Apoptosis Underlies Donor-Specific Hyporesponsiveness in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1389-1400. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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A Novel Technique for the Generation of Substantial Numbers of Functional Resident T Cells from Kidney Tissue. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142233. [PMID: 35883676 PMCID: PMC9321143 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying functionality and antigen-specificity of resident kidney T cells derived from a kidney biopsy is hampered by the lack of sufficient numbers of T cells obtained by the standard method of enzymatic tissue dissociation. Enzymatic dissociation of kidney tissue was compared to a novel method of whole kidney tissue culture allowing T cells to migrate into the medium in the presence of exogenous IL-2 and IL-15. T cell numbers were quantified and phenotype of resident T cells (CD69+CD103+/−), TCR Vβ repertoire and functional characteristics were analyzed with multi-parameter flow cytometry. Renal tissue culture for four weeks in the presence of exogenous IL-2 and IL-15 yielded significantly higher numbers of T cells (1.3 × 104/mm3) when compared to cultures without exogenous cytokines (71/mm3) or direct isolation by enzymatic dissociation (662/mm3 T cells, p < 0.05). The proportion of T cells with a resident phenotype did not change in the tissue culture; percentages amounted to 87.2% and 85.1%, respectively. In addition, frequencies of CD4+, CD8+, CD4−CD8−, T cells and MAIT T cells remained similar. For both CD4+ and CD8+, T cells had a more differentiated memory phenotype after tissue culture, but the distribution of TCR Vβ families did not change. In addition, the predominant Th1 cytokine secretion profile and poly-functionality of resident kidney T cell remained intact. T cell proliferation potential was not affected, excluding exhaustion and enrichment of BKV- and CMV-reactive resident T cells was observed. In conclusion, the kidney tissue culture method yields significantly increased numbers of resident T cells without major effects on composition and functionality.
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Wijngaarden LH, Taselaar AE, Nuijten F, van der Harst E, Klaassen RA, Kuijper TM, Jongbloed F, Ambagtsheer G, Klepper M, IJzermans JNM, de Bruin RWF, Litjens NHR. T and B Cell Composition and Cytokine Producing Capacity Before and After Bariatric Surgery. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888278. [PMID: 35860273 PMCID: PMC9289114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbid obesity is associated with a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, which may lead to accelerated differentiation of T and B cells. These differentiated immune cells are strongly cytotoxic and have an increased pro-inflammatory cytokine producing capacity. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory function of the T and B cells decreases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morbid obesity on the subset profile and cytokine producing capacity of T and B cells. Subsequently, we assessed whether bariatric surgery affected the subset profile and cytokine producing capacity of these cells. We determined the proportion of T and B cell subsets and their cytokine producing capacity in peripheral blood collected from 23 morbidly obese patients before and three months after bariatric surgery using flow-cytometry. We compared this with the results of 25 lean controls. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed a more differentiated subset profile in morbidly obese patients as compared to lean controls, which was not recovered three months after bariatric surgery. The B cell composition of morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery adjusted towards the profile of lean controls. However, the IL-2 and IFN-γ producing capacity of CD8+ T cells and the IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 producing capacity of B cells was not restored three months after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, the data suggest that the immune system has the capacity to recover from the detrimental effects of morbid obesity within three months after bariatric surgery in terms of cell composition; however, this was not seen in terms of cytokine producing capacity. The full restoration of the immune system after bariatric surgery may thus take longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. H. Wijngaarden
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. E. Taselaar
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Nuijten
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. van der Harst
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. A. Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. M. Kuijper
- Maasstad Academy, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Jongbloed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - G. Ambagtsheer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. N. M. IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. W. F. de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. W. F. de Bruin,
| | - N. H. R. Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and T-Cell Receptor Alpha and Beta (TRA /TRB ) Repertoire in Paucicellular Samples at the Single-Cell Level. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2453:231-259. [PMID: 35622330 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies, the total repertoires of B and T cells can be disclosed in much more detail than ever before. Even though many of these strategies do provide in-depth and high-resolution information of the immunoglobulin (IG) and/or T-cell receptor (TR) repertoire, one clear disadvantage is that the IG/TR profiles cannot be connected to individual cells. Single-cell technologies do allow to study the IG/TR repertoire at the individual cell level. This is especially relevant in cell samples in which much heterogeneity of the cell population is expected. By combining the IG/TR repertoire with transcriptome data, the reactivity of the B or T cell can be associated with activation or maturation stages. An additional advantage of such single-cell technologies is that the combination of both IG and both TR chains can be studied on a per cell basis, which better reflects the antigen receptor reactivity of cells. Here we present the ICELL8 single-cell method for the parallel analysis of the TR repertoire and transcriptome, which is especially useful in samples that contain relatively few cells.
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11
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Duizendstra AA, de Knegt RJ, Mancham S, Klepper M, Roelen DL, Brand‐Schaaf SH, Boor PP, Doukas M, de Man RA, Sprengers D, Peppelenbosch MP, Betjes MGH, Kwekkeboom J, Litjens NHR. Activated CD4 + T Cells and Highly Differentiated Alloreactive CD4 + T Cells Distinguish Operationally Tolerant Liver Transplantation Recipients. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:98-112. [PMID: 34081828 PMCID: PMC9291234 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous operational tolerance to the allograft develops in a proportion of liver transplantation (LT) recipients weaned off immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. Several studies have investigated whether peripheral blood circulating T cells could play a role in the development or identify operational tolerance, but never characterized alloreactive T cells in detail due to the lack of a marker for these T cells. In this study, we comprehensively investigated phenotypic and functional characteristics of alloreactive circulating T cell subsets in tolerant LT recipients (n = 15) using multiparameter flow cytometry and compared these with LT recipients on IS drugs (n = 23) and healthy individuals (n = 16). Activation-induced CD137 was used as a marker for alloreactive T cells upon allogenic stimulation. We found that central and effector memory CD4+ T cells were hyporesponsive against donor and third-party splenocyte stimulation in tolerant LT recipients, whereas an overall hyperresponsiveness was observed in alloreactive terminally differentiated effector memory CD4+ T cells. In addition, elevated percentages of circulating activated T helper cells were observed in these recipients. Lastly, tolerant and control LT recipients did not differ in donor-specific antibody formation. In conclusion, a combination of circulating hyperresponsive highly differentiated alloreactive CD4+ T cells and circulating activated T helper cells could discriminate tolerant recipients from a larger group of LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke A. Duizendstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Robert J. de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Dave L. Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Simone H. Brand‐Schaaf
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Patrick P. Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Robert A. de Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H. R. Litjens
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
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12
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Draghi A, Chamberlain CA, Khan S, Papp K, Lauss M, Soraggi S, Radic HD, Presti M, Harbst K, Gokuldass A, Kverneland A, Nielsen M, Westergaard MCW, Andersen MH, Csabai I, Jönsson G, Szallasi Z, Svane IM, Donia M. Rapid Identification of the Tumor-Specific Reactive TIL Repertoire via Combined Detection of CD137, TNF, and IFNγ, Following Recognition of Autologous Tumor-Antigens. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705422. [PMID: 34707600 PMCID: PMC8543011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the entire repertoire of tumor-specific reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is essential for investigating their immunological functions in the tumor microenvironment. Current in vitro assays identifying tumor-specific functional activation measure the upregulation of surface molecules, de novo production of antitumor cytokines, or mobilization of cytotoxic granules following recognition of tumor-antigens, yet there is no widely adopted standard method. Here we established an enhanced, yet simple, method for identifying simultaneously CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-specific reactive TILs in vitro, using a combination of widely known and available flow cytometry assays. By combining the detection of intracellular CD137 and de novo production of TNF and IFNγ after recognition of naturally-presented tumor antigens, we demonstrate that a larger fraction of tumor-specific and reactive CD8+ TILs can be detected in vitro compared to commonly used assays. This assay revealed multiple polyfunctionality-based clusters of both CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-specific reactive TILs. In situ, the combined detection of TNFRSF9, TNF, and IFNG identified most of the tumor-specific reactive TIL repertoire. In conclusion, we describe a straightforward method for efficient identification of the tumor-specific reactive TIL repertoire in vitro, which can be rapidly adopted in most cancer immunology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christopher Aled Chamberlain
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Shawez Khan
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Krisztian Papp
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Lauss
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuele Soraggi
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haja Dominike Radic
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Katja Harbst
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aishwarya Gokuldass
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Kverneland
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Istvan Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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13
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Removal of CD276 + cells from haploidentical memory T-cell grafts significantly lowers the risk of GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2336-2354. [PMID: 33976380 PMCID: PMC8486669 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) still remains a major cause of death in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The recently explored depletion of naive cells from mobilized grafts (CD45RA depletion) has shown considerable promise, yet is unable to eliminate the incidence of GVHD. Analysis of CD45RA-depleted haploidentical mixed lymphocytes culture (haplo-MLC) revealed insufficient suppression of alloresponses in the CD4+ compartment and identified CD276 as a marker for alloreactive memory Th1 T cells. Conclusively, depleting CD276+ cells from CD45RA-depleted haplo-MLC significantly attenuated alloreactivity to recipient cells while increasing antiviral reactivity and maintaining anti-third party reactivity in vitro. To evaluate these findings in vivo, bulk, CD45RA-depleted, or CD45RA/CD276-depleted CD4+ T cells from HLA-DR4negative healthy humans were transplanted into NSG-Ab°DR4 mice, a sensitive human allo-GVHD model. Compellingly, CD45RA/CD276-depleted grafts from HLA-DR4negative donors or in vivo depletion of CD276+ cells after transplant of HLA-DR4negative memory CD4 T cells significantly delay the onset of GVHD symptoms and significantly alleviate its severity in NSG-Ab°DR4 mice. The clinical courses correlated with diminished Th1-cytokine secretion and downregulated CXCR6 expression of engrafted peripheral T cells. Collectively, mismatched HLA-mediated GVHD can be controlled by depleting recipient-specific CD276+ alloreacting T cells from the graft, highlighting its application in haplo-HSCT.
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14
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van der List ACJ, Litjens NHR, Klepper M, Betjes MGH. Expression of Senescence Marker TIGIT Identifies Polyfunctional Donor-Reactive CD4+ T Cells Preferentially Lost After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656846. [PMID: 33995373 PMCID: PMC8119878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of T-cell hyporesponsiveness to donor antigen may explain the substantial decreased risk for acute rejection in the years following kidney transplantation. The underlying mechanisms of donor-specific hyporesponsiveness (DSH) are largely unknown but may allow for lowering of immunosuppressive medication. Due to the onset of DSH being more rapid and pronounced in older recipients (+55 years), we hypothesized that immunosenescence/exhaustion of T lymphocytes would be a contributing factor. This study tested whether donor-reactive recipient T cells become hyporesponsive due to exhaustion from continuous stimulation by donor antigen. Circulating donor-reactive T cells of both young and elderly stable kidney transplant recipients (N=17) before and 3-5 years after transplantation were analyzed at the single cell level for expression of exhaustion markers by multi-parameter flow cytometry followed by unsupervised and unbiased clustering. Clusters containing cells of a particular expression profile with significant differential abundance after transplantation were identified and further analyzed. Unexpectedly, our results do not demonstrate an increase in exhausted donor antigen-reactive T cells post transplantation. Instead, we demonstrate a significant decrease in donor antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells expressing T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) long after transplantation. Further analysis at earlier timepoints indicated that this decrease is already present at six months post transplantation. Characterization of these CD4+ T donor-reactive cells expressing TIGIT revealed them to have a predominantly central and effector memory T cell phenotype and a highly poly-functional cytokine expression profile. This study has therefore identified TIGIT as a marker for a previously undescribed polyfunctional donor-reactive CD4+ T cell population whose decline following kidney transplantation may explain development of DSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C J van der List
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Tanimine N, Burrell BE, Deng K, Rickert C, Lee KM, Feeney N, Pardo J, LeGuern C, Markmann JF. Detection of alloreactive T cells from cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol Methods 2021; 491:112987. [PMID: 33556344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise analyses of alloreactive T cell phenotype and function can inform both the nature and intensity of adaptive responses to transplant antigens. However, alloreactive T cells are sparse and difficult to detect, particularly in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and from hypo-responsive individuals. An assay to identify and phenotype alloreactive cells would be particularly valuable, especially for multi-center clinical trials that often store frozen samples for batch analysis. Herein we demonstrate consistent and reproducible alloreactive T cell detection in cryopreserved PBMC following a short-term mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The inherent background expression levels of activation markers on responder T cells were minimized by including a resting period prior to the assay. Stimulator cells were activated before inclusion in the MLR by addition of CD40L and IL-4. The time frame and markers to identify and phenotype alloreactive T cells following stimulation were optimized using short term co-cultures. We defined subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells co-expressing CD69 and either CD154 or CD137 following allostimulation as alloreactive, and further phenotyped these cells with a variety of surface markers such as PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3. This assay may allow for the monitoring of donor-specific T cells in transplant recipients with longitudinally collected and cryopreserved PBMCs and provide a useful tool to identify biomarkers associated with tolerance. These biomarkers may add to mechanistic insights in immune recognition of transplanted tissues and/or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanimine
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Deng
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Rickert
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noel Feeney
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christian LeGuern
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Rust BJ, Becker PS, Chandrasekaran D, Kubek SP, Peterson CW, Adair JE, Kiem HP. Envelope-Specific Adaptive Immunity following Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Modified with VSV-G Lentivirus. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 19:438-446. [PMID: 33294492 PMCID: PMC7683283 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches for hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy typically involve lentiviral gene transfer in tandem with a conditioning regimen to aid stem cell engraftment. Although many pseudotyped envelopes have the capacity to be immunogenic due to their viral origins, thus far immune responses against the most common envelope, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G), have not been reported in hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy trials. Herein, we report on two Fanconi anemia patients who underwent autologous transplantation of a lineage-depleted, gene-modified hematopoietic stem cell product without conditioning. We observed the induction of robust VSV-G-specific immunity, consistent with low/undetectable gene marking in both patients. Upon further interrogation, adaptive immune mechanisms directed against VSV-G were detected following transplantation in both patients, including increased VSV-G-specific T cell responses, anti-VSV-G immunoglobulin G (IgG), and cytotoxic responses that can specifically kill VSV-G-expressing target cell lines. A proportion of healthy controls also displayed preexisting VSV-G-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, as well as VSV-G-specific IgG. Taken together, these data show that VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors have the ability to elicit interfering adaptive immune responses in the context of certain hematopoietic stem cell transplantation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J. Rust
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 91911, USA
| | - Pamela S. Becker
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 91911, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Devikha Chandrasekaran
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 91911, USA
| | - Sara P. Kubek
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 91911, USA
| | - Christopher W. Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 91911, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Adair
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 91911, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 91911, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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17
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Litjens NHR, Langerak AW, van der List ACJ, Klepper M, de Bie M, Azmani Z, den Dekker AT, Brouwer RWW, Betjes MGH, Van IJcken WFJ. Validation of a Combined Transcriptome and T Cell Receptor Alpha/Beta (TRA/TRB) Repertoire Assay at the Single Cell Level for Paucicellular Samples. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1999. [PMID: 33013853 PMCID: PMC7500136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics can be combined with TRA and TRB clonotype analysis at the single cell level. The aim of this study was to validate this approach on the ICELL8 Single-Cell system and to evaluate its usefulness to analyse clinical paucicellular samples. For this purpose, we carefully selected T cell lines with defined TRA/TRB clonotypes as well as clinical samples enriched for CD3+ T cells that possess a complex TCR repertoire. Low cell numbers of the different samples were dispensed in a chip on the ICELL8 Single-Cell System. Two sequencing libraries were generated from each single cell cDNA preparation, one for the TRA/TRB repertoire and one for the 5' ends of transcripts, and subsequently sequenced. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the cell lines on average express 2,268 unique genes/cell and T cells of clinical samples 770 unique genes/cell. The expected combined TRA/TRB clonotype was determined for on average 71% of the cells of the cell lines. In the clinical samples the TRA/TRB repertoire was more complex than those of the cell lines. Furthermore, the TRB clonotype distribution of the clinical samples was positively correlated to frequencies of TCRVβ families in CD3+ T cells obtained by a flow cytometry-based approach (Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient 0.81, P = 6.49 * 10-7). Combined analyses showed that transcriptome-based cell type-specific clusters in clinical samples corresponded to clinical features such as CMV status. In conclusion, we showed that the ICELL8 Single-Cell System enabled combined interrogation of both TRA/TRB repertoire and transcriptome of paucicellular clinical samples. This opens the way to study the response of single T cells within heterogeneous samples for both their transcriptome and TRA/TRB clonotypes in disease or upon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amy C J van der List
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Bie
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zakia Azmani
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T den Dekker
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J Van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Healy ZR, Weinhold KJ, Murdoch DM. Transcriptional Profiling of CD8+ CMV-Specific T Cell Functional Subsets Obtained Using a Modified Method for Isolating High-Quality RNA From Fixed and Permeabilized Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1859. [PMID: 32983102 PMCID: PMC7492549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the presence of antigen-specific polyfunctional T cells is correlated with improved pathogen clearance, disease control, and clinical outcomes; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation, function, and survival of polyfunctional T cells remain unknown. The study of polyfunctional T cells has been, in part, limited by the need for intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), necessitating fixation and cell membrane permeabilization that leads to unacceptable degradation of RNA. Adopting elements from prior research efforts, we developed and optimized a modified protocol for the isolation of high-quality RNA (i.e., RIN > 7) from primary human T cells following aldehyde-fixation, detergent-based permeabilization, intracellular cytokines staining, and sorting. Additionally, this method also demonstrated utility preserving RNA when staining for transcription factors. This modified protocol utilizes an optimized combination of an RNase inhibitor and high-salt buffer that is cost-effective while maintaining the ability to identify and resolve cell populations for sorting. Overall, this protocol resulted in minimal loss of RNA integrity, quality, and quantity during cytoplasmic staining of cytokines and subsequent flourescence-activated cell sorting. Using this technique, we obtained the transcriptional profiles of functional subsets (i.e., non-functional, monofunctional, bifunctional, polyfunctional) of CMV-specific CD8+T cells. Our analyses demonstrated that these functional subsets are molecularly distinct, and that polyfunctional T cells are uniquely enriched for transcripts involved in viral response, inflammation, cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism when compared to monofunctional cells. Polyfunctional T cells demonstrate reduced activation-induced cell death and increased proliferation after antigen re-challenge. Further in silico analysis of transcriptional data suggested a critical role for STAT5 transcriptional activity in polyfunctional cell activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of STAT5 was associated with a significant reduction in polyfunctional cell cytokine expression and proliferation, demonstrating the requirement of STAT5 activity not only for proliferation and cell survival, but also cytokine expression. Finally, we confirmed this association between CMV-specific CD8+ polyfunctionality with STAT5 signaling also exists in immunosuppressed transplant recipients using single cell transcriptomics, indicating that results from this study may translate to this vulnerable patient population. Collectively, these results shed light on the mechanisms governing polyfunctional T cell function and survival and may ultimately inform multiple areas of immunology, including but not limited to the development of new vaccines, CAR-T cell therapies, and adoptive T cell transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Healy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kent J Weinhold
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David M Murdoch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
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19
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Assessment of TCR signal strength of antigen-specific memory CD8 + T cells in human blood. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2153-2163. [PMID: 31320320 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the quality and the breadth of antigen (Ag)-specific memory T cells in human samples is of paramount importance to elucidate the pathogenesis and to develop new treatments in various diseases. T-cell receptor (TCR) signal strength, primarily controlled by TCR affinity, affects many fundamental aspects of T-cell biology; however, no current assays for detection of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells can assess their TCR signal strength in human samples. Here, we provide evidence that interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a transcription factor rapidly upregulated in correlation with TCR signal strength, permits the assessment of the TCR signal strength of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Coexpression of IRF4 and CD137 sensitively detected peptide-specific CD8+ T cells with extremely low background in PBMCs stimulated for 18 hours with MHC class I peptides. Our assay revealed that human memory CD8+ T cells with high-affinity TCRs have an intrinsic ability to highly express CD25. Furthermore, HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic HIV+ subjects were found to display primarily low-affinity TCRs with low CD25 expression capacity. Impairment in the functions of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells might be associated with their suboptimal TCR signals, as well as impaired responsiveness to interleukin-2.
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20
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Photodynamic therapy in oral lichen planus: A prospective case-controlled pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1667. [PMID: 32015380 PMCID: PMC6997407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common, chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the mucous membranes, which causes major discomfort. Current treatment includes topical/systemic glucocorticoids, immune modulators and systemic immunosuppressants, which may lead to considerable side-effects. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and immunological efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in OLP as an alternative, easy-to-use, safe and non-invasive treatment. Twenty patients with OLP were treated with PDT in a prospective case-controlled pilot-study. PDT was performed on the most extensive oral lesion in 4 sessions (day 1, 3, 7, 14). Peripheral blood and lesional T cells were analysed before (day 1) and after PDT treatment (day 28). PDT led to a statistically significant reduction of clinical parameters (lesion size, ABSIS, Thongprasom-score) and improvement of all evaluated quality-of-life (QOL) items. The clinical improvement was accompanied by a significant decrease of the relative number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in mucosal OLP-lesions. Furthermore, CXCL10 plasma levels were decreased and the number of activated peripheral CD4 + CD137+ and CD8 + CD137+ T cells and IL-17-secreting T cells was diminished. PDT treatment in OLP leads to lesion reduction and improvement of QOL, and induces local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects. The study identifies PDT as a novel therapeutic option in OLP.
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21
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Want MY, Konstorum A, Huang RY, Jain V, Matsueda S, Tsuji T, Lugade A, Odunsi K, Koya R, Battaglia S. Neoantigens retention in patient derived xenograft models mediates autologous T cells activation in ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1586042. [PMID: 31069153 PMCID: PMC6492964 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1586042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has an overall modest number of mutations that facilitate a functional immune infiltrate able to recognize tumor mutated antigens, or neoantigens. Although patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) can partially model the tumor mutational load and mimic response to chemotherapy, no study profiled a neoantigen-driven response in OC PDXs. Here we demonstrate that the genomic status of the primary tumor from an OC patient can be recapitulated in vivo in a PDX model, with the goal of defining autologous T cells activation by neoantigens using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. By profiling the PDX mutanome we discovered three main clusters of mutations defining the expansion, retraction or conservation of tumor clones based on their variant allele frequencies (VAF). RNASeq analyses revealed a strong functional conservation between the primary tumor and PDXs, highlighted by the upregulation of antigen presenting pathways. We tested in vitro a set of 30 neoantigens for recognition by autologous T cells and identified a core of six neoantigens that define a potent T cell activation able to slow tumor growth in vivo. The pattern of recognition of these six neoantigens indicates the pre-existence of anti-tumor immunity in the patient. To evaluate the breadth of T cell activation, we performed single cell sequencing profiling the TCR repertoire upon stimulation with neoantigenic moieties and identified sequence motifs that define an oligoclonal and autologous T cell response. Overall, these results indicate that OC PDXs can be a valid tool to model OC response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Konstorum
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ruea-Yea Huang
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Satoko Matsueda
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Amit Lugade
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koya
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center For Immunotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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22
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Crivello P, Ahci M, Maaßen F, Wossidlo N, Arrieta-Bolaños E, Heinold A, Lange V, Falkenburg JHF, Horn PA, Fleischhauer K, Heinrichs S. Multiple Knockout of Classical HLA Class II β-Chains by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Driven by a Single Guide RNA. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1895-1903. [PMID: 30700588 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive knockout of HLA class II (HLA-II) β-chain genes is complicated by their high polymorphism. In this study, we developed CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to simultaneously target HLA-DRB, -DQB1, and -DPB1 through a single guide RNA recognizing a conserved region in exon 2. Abrogation of HLA-II surface expression was achieved in five different HLA-typed, human EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs). Next-generation sequencing-based detection confirmed specific genomic insertion/deletion mutations with 99.5% penetrance in sorted cells for all three loci. No alterations were observed in HLA-I genes, the HLA-II peptide editor HLA-DMB, or its antagonist HLA-DOB, showing high on-target specificity. Transfection of full-length HLA-DPB1 mRNA into knockout BLCLs fully restored HLA-DP surface expression and recognition by alloreactive human CD4 T cells. The possibility to generate single HLA-II-expressing BLCLs by one-shot genome editing opens unprecedented opportunities for mechanistically dissecting the interaction of individual HLA variants with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Crivello
- Institute of Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Müberra Ahci
- Institute of Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Maaßen
- Institute of Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Natalie Wossidlo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Heinold
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Fleischhauer
- Institute of Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Heinrichs
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
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23
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Li Y, Cao F, Li M, Li P, Yu Y, Xiang L, Xu T, Lei J, Tai YY, Zhu J, Yang B, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Duo L, Chen P, Yu X. Hydroxychloroquine induced lung cancer suppression by enhancing chemo-sensitization and promoting the transition of M2-TAMs to M1-like macrophages. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:259. [PMID: 30373678 PMCID: PMC6206903 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosome-associated agents have been implicated as possible chemo-sensitizers and immune regulators for cancer chemotherapy. We investigated the potential roles and mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in combination with chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. METHODS The effects of combined treatment on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were investigated using cell viability assays and animal models. The influence of HCQ on lysosomal pH was evaluated by lysosomal sensors and confocal microscopy. The effects of HCQ on the tumour immune microenvironment were analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS HCQ elevates the lysosomal pH of cancer cells to inactivate P-gp while increasing drug release from the lysosome into the nucleus. Furthermore, single HCQ therapy inhibits lung cancer by inducing macrophage-modulated anti-tumour CD8+ T cell immunity. Moreover, HCQ could promote the transition of M2 tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) into M1-like macrophages, leading to CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS HCQ exerts anti-NSCLC cells effects by reversing the drug sequestration in lysosomes and enhancing the CD8+ T cell immune response. These findings suggest that HCQ could act as a promising chemo-sensitizer and immune regulator for lung cancer chemotherapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjun Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pindong Li
- Cancer Center of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuandong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Longchao Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhua Lei
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Yan Tai
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Jianyong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Teaching practice base of Oncology, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yingpin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Teaching practice base of Oncology, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Long Duo
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiongjie Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Chaoyang middle Rd, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China. .,Institute of Cancer Research, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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24
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Meurer T, Arrieta-Bolaños E, Metzing M, Langer MM, van Balen P, Falkenburg JHF, Beelen DW, Horn PA, Fleischhauer K, Crivello P. Dissecting Genetic Control of HLA-DPB1 Expression and Its Relation to Structural Mismatch Models in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2236. [PMID: 30344521 PMCID: PMC6183238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA expression levels have been suggested to be genetically controlled by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the untranslated regions (UTR), and expression variants have been associated with the outcome of chronic viral infection and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In particular, the 3′UTR rs9277534-G/A SNP in HLA-DPB1 has been associated with graft-versus-host-disease after HSCT (Expression model); however its relevance in different immune cells and its mode of action have not been systematically addressed. In addition, there is a strong though not complete overlap between the rs9277534-G/A SNP and structural HLA-DPB1 T cell epitope (TCE) groups which have also been associated with HSCT outcome (TCE Structural model). Here we confirm and extend previous findings of significantly higher HLA-DPB1 expression in B cell lines, unstimulated primary B cells, and monocytes homozygous for rs9277534-G compared to those homozygous for rs9277534-A. However, these differences were abrogated by interferon-γ stimulation or differentiation into dendritic cells. We identify at least seven 3′UTR rs9277534-G/A haplotypes differing by a total of 37 SNP, also characterized by linkage to length variants of a short tandem repeat (STR) in intron 2 and TCE group assignment. 3′UTR mapping did not show any significant differences in post-transcriptional regulation assessed by luciferase assays between two representative rs9277534-G/A haplotypes for any of eight overlapping fragments. Moreover, no evidence for alternative splicing associated with the intron 2 STR was obtained by RT-PCR. In an exemplary cohort of 379 HLA-DPB1 mismatched donor-recipient pairs, risk prediction by the Expression model and the Structural TCE model was 36.7% concordant, with the majority of discordances due to non-applicability of the Expression model. HLA-DPB1 from different TCE groups expressed in the absence of the 3′UTR at similar levels by transfected HeLa cells elicited significantly different mean alloreactive CD4+ T-cell responses, as assessed by CD137 upregulation assays in 178 independent cultures. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the cell type-specific and mechanistic basis of the association between the rs9277534-G/A SNP and HLA-DPB1 expression, and show that, despite partial overlap between both models in HSCT risk-prediction, differential alloreactivity determined by the TCE structural model occurs independently from HLA-DPB1 differential expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuja Meurer
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Metzing
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mona-May Langer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter van Balen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Dietrich W Beelen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Fleischhauer
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Deusches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Crivello
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Arrieta-Bolaños E, Crivello P, Metzing M, Meurer T, Ahci M, Rytlewski J, Vignali M, Yusko E, van Balen P, Horn PA, Falkenburg JHF, Fleischhauer K. Alloreactive T Cell Receptor Diversity against Structurally Similar or Dissimilar HLA-DP Antigens Assessed by Deep Sequencing. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29520276 PMCID: PMC5827552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell alloreactivity is mediated by a self-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire able to recognize both structurally similar and dissimilar allogeneic HLA molecules (i.e., differing by a single or several amino acids in their peptide-binding groove). We hypothesized that thymic selection on self-HLA molecules could have an indirect impact on the size and diversity of the alloreactive response. To test this possibility, we used TCR Vβ immunophenotyping and immunosequencing technology in a model of alloreactivity between self-HLA selected T cells and allogeneic HLA-DPB1 (DPB1) differing from self-DPB1*04:02 by a single (DPB1*02:01) or several (DPB1*09:01) amino acids in the peptide-binding groove. CD4+ T cells from three different self-DPB1*04:01,*04:02 individuals were stimulated with HeLa cells stably transduced with the relevant peptide processing machinery, co-stimulatory molecules, and HLA-DP. Flow cytometric quantification of the DPB1-specific T cell response measured as upregulation of the activation marker CD137 revealed significantly lower levels of alloreactivity against DPB1*02:01 compared with DPB1*09:01 (mean CD4+CD137+ frequency 35.2 ± 9.9 vs. 61.5 ± 7.7%, respectively, p < 0.0001). These quantitative differences were, however, not reflected by differences in the breadth of the alloreactive response at the Vβ level, with both alloantigens eliciting specific responses from all TCR-Vβ specificities tested by flow cytometry, albeit with higher levels of reactivity from most Vβ specificities against DPB1*09:01. In line with these observations, TCRB-CDR3 immunosequencing showed no significant differences in mean clonality of sorted CD137+CD4+ cells alloreactive against DPB1*02:01 or DPB1*09:01 [0.39 (0.36–0.45) and 0.39 (0.30–0.46), respectively], or in the cumulative frequencies of the 10 most frequent responding clones (55–67 and 58–62%, respectively). Most of the clones alloreactive against DPB1*02:01 (68.3%) or DPB1*09:01 (75.3%) were characterized by low-abundance (i.e., they were not appreciable among the pre-culture T cells). Interestingly, however, their cumulative frequency was lower against DPB1*02:01 compared with DPB1*09:01 (mean cumulative frequency 35.3 vs. 50.6%, respectively). Our data show that, despite lower levels of alloreactivity, a similar clonal diversity can be elicited by structurally similar compared with structurally dissimilar HLA-DPB1 alloantigens and demonstrate the power of TCRB immunosequencing in unraveling subtle qualitative changes not appreciable by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Crivello
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Metzing
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thuja Meurer
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Müberra Ahci
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Erik Yusko
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter van Balen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Fleischhauer
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Dedeoglu B, Litjens NHR, Klepper M, Kraaijeveld R, Verschoor W, Baan CC, Betjes MGH. CD4 + CD28 null T cells are not alloreactive unless stimulated by interleukin-15. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:341-350. [PMID: 28858434 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory, cytotoxic CD4+ CD28null T cells can be substantially expanded in patients with end-stage renal disease. These cells have been associated with the risk for rejection, but their alloreactive potential is unknown. CD4+ CD28null T cells were stimulated with HLA-mismatched antigen presenting cells in the absence/presence of exogenous cytokines. Alloreactive potential was evaluated based on proliferation, degranulation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Further, their suppressive capacity was assessed by measuring inhibition of proliferating alloreactive CD28+ T cells. CD4+ CD28null T cells contained alloreactive (CD137+ ) T cells but did not proliferate in response to allogeneic stimulation, unless interleukin (IL)-15 was added. However, they could proliferate on stimulation with cytomegalovirus antigen without exogenous cytokines. IL-15 increased the frequency of proliferating alloreactive CD4+ CD28null T cells to 30.5% without inducing CD28 expression (P < .05). After allogeneic stimulation together with IL-15 and IL-21, frequency of degranulating CD107a+ CD4+ CD28null T cells increased significantly from 0.6% to 5.8% (P < .001). Granzyme B and perforin positivity remained similar, but production of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α increased by the combination of IL-15 and IL-21 (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). Finally, CD4+ CD28null T cells did not show significant suppression. Thus, CD4+ CD28null T cells represent a population with absent alloreactivity unless IL-15 is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dedeoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Kraaijeveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Verschoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Hardwick NR, Frankel P, Ruel C, Kilpatrick J, Tsai W, Kos F, Kaltcheva T, Leong L, Morgan R, Chung V, Tinsley R, Eng M, Wilczynski S, Ellenhorn JDI, Diamond DJ, Cristea M. p53-Reactive T Cells Are Associated with Clinical Benefit in Patients with Platinum-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer After Treatment with a p53 Vaccine and Gemcitabine Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1315-1325. [PMID: 29301826 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To conduct a phase I trial of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine delivering wild-type human p53 (p53MVA) in combination with gemcitabine chemotherapy in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.Experimental Design: Patients received gemcitabine on days 1 and 8 and p53MVA vaccine on day 15, during the first 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Toxicity was classified using the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria and clinical response assessed by CT scan. Peripheral blood samples were collected for immunophenotyping and monitoring of anti-p53 immune responses.Results: Eleven patients were evaluated for p53MVA/gemcitabine toxicity, clinical outcome, and immunologic response. TOXICITY there were no DLTs, but 3 of 11 patients came off study early due to gemcitabine-attributed adverse events (AE). Minimal AEs were attributed to p53MVA vaccination. Immunologic and clinical response: enhanced in vitro recognition of p53 peptides was detectable after immunization in both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments in 5 of 11 and 6 of 11 patients, respectively. Changes in peripheral T regulatory cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) did not correlate significantly with vaccine response or progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with the greatest expansion of p53-reactive T cells had significantly longer PFS than patients with lower p53-reactivity after therapy. Tumor shrinkage or disease stabilization occurred in 4 patients.Conclusions: p53MVA was well tolerated, but gemcitabine without steroid pretreatment was intolerable in some patients. However, elevated p53-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses after therapy correlated with longer PFS. Therefore, if responses to p53MVA can be enhanced with alternative agents, superior clinical responses may be achievable. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1315-25. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R Hardwick
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Paul Frankel
- Division of Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Christopher Ruel
- Division of Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Julie Kilpatrick
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Weimin Tsai
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ferdynand Kos
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Lucille Leong
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Robert Morgan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Raechelle Tinsley
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Melissa Eng
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Sharon Wilczynski
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | | | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.
| | - Mihaela Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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28
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Pavlicek D, Krebs J, Capossela S, Bertolo A, Engelhardt B, Pannek J, Stoyanov J. Immunosenescence in persons with spinal cord injury in relation to urinary tract infections -a cross-sectional study. Immun Ageing 2017; 14:22. [PMID: 29176992 PMCID: PMC5688733 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI), despite specialized rehabilitation and good health care, have a reduced life expectancy. Infectious diseases, such as pneumonias, infected pressure sores and urinary tract infections (UTI) have been identified as the leading causes of mortality. We hypothesise that a premature onset of immune frailty occurs in SCI, possibly caused also by recurrent urinary tract infections.A cross sectional study was performed comparing blood and urine samples between able bodied controls (n = 84) and persons with spinal cord injury (n = 85). The results were grouped according to age (below and above 60 years). Assessed were the abundancies of immune cells, the concentration of soluble biomarkers, the in vitro functioning of lymphocytes as well as phenotypic exhaustion of T-cells in blood and urine. Further, the leucocyte telomere length and the cytomegalovirus (CMV) serological status were compared between the groups. RESULTS We observed in people with SCI lower proportions of naïve T-cells, more memory T-cells, reduced T-cell proliferation and higher CMV prevalence compared to age-matched controls. SCI participants older than 60 years had a higher prevalence of UTI compared with SCI persons younger than 60 years. CONCLUSION The immune system of people with SCI shows traits of an increased immunological strain and a premature onset of immune frailty. The role of UTI in the onset of immune frailty remains to be elucidated as we did not see significantly higher abundancies of circulating UTI-bacteria specific T-cell clones in persons with SCI. We assume that any impact of UTI on the immune system might be compartmentalized and locally restricted to the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pavlicek
- Biomedical Laboratories, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Krebs
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 1, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Simona Capossela
- Biomedical Laboratories, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Biomedical Laboratories, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pannek
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 1, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Biomedical Laboratories, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
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29
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Evolving Approaches in the Identification of Allograft-Reactive T and B Cells in Mice and Humans. Transplantation 2017; 101:2671-2681. [PMID: 28604446 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whether a transplanted allograft is stably accepted, rejected, or achieves immunological tolerance is dependent on the frequency and function of alloreactive lymphocytes, making the identification and analysis of alloreactive T and B cells in transplant recipients critical for understanding mechanisms, and the prediction of allograft outcome. In animal models, tracking the fate of graft-reactive T and B cells allows investigators to uncover their biology and develop new therapeutic strategies to protect the graft. In the clinic, identification and quantification of graft-reactive T and B cells allows for the early diagnosis of immune reactivity and therapeutic intervention to prevent graft loss. In addition to rejection, probing of T and B cell fate in vivo provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of alloimmunity or tolerance that may lead to biomarkers predicting graft fate. In this review, we discuss existing and developing approaches to track and analyze alloreactive T and B cells in mice and humans and provide examples of discoveries made utilizing these techniques. These approaches include mixed lymphocyte reactions, trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity, enzyme-linked immunospot assays, the use of antigen receptor transgenic lymphocytes, and utilization of peptide-major histocompatibility multimers, along with imaging techniques for static multiparameter analysis or dynamic in vivo tracking. Such approaches have already refined our understanding of the alloimmune response and are pointing to new ways to improve allograft outcomes in the clinic.
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30
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Litjens NHR, Huang L, Dedeoglu B, Meijers RWJ, Kwekkeboom J, Betjes MGH. Protective Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific T-Cell Immunity Is Frequent in Kidney Transplant Patients without Serum Anti-CMV Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1137. [PMID: 28955345 PMCID: PMC5600906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) is used to classify pretransplant patients as naïve for CMV infection (CMVneg patients). This study assessed whether pretransplant CMV-specific T-cell immunity exists in CMVneg patients and whether it protects against CMV infection after kidney transplantation. The results show that CMV-specific CD137+IFNγ+CD4+ and CD137+IFNγ+CD8+ memory T cells were present in 46 and 39% of CMVneg patients (n = 28) although at much lower frequencies compared to CMVpos patients (median 0.01 versus 0.58% for CD4+ and 0.05 versus 0.64% for CD8+ T cells) with a less differentiated CD28-expressing phenotype. In line with these data, CMV-specific proliferative CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in CMVneg patients, which significantly correlated with the frequency of CMV-specific T cells. CMV-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) could be detected at low frequency in 36% of CMVneg patients (1 versus 45 ASC/105 cells in CMVpos patients). CMVneg patients with pretransplant CMV-specific CD137+IFNγ+CD4+ T cells had a lower risk to develop CMV viremia after transplantation with a CMVpos donor kidney (relative risk: 0.43, P = 0.03). In conclusion, a solitary CMV-specific T-cell response without detectable anti-CMV antibodies is frequent and clinically relevant as it is associated with protection to CMV infection following transplantation with a kidney from a CMVpos donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Burç Dedeoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruud W J Meijers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Behnam Sani K, Sawitzki B. Immune monitoring as prerequisite for transplantation tolerance trials. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:158-170. [PMID: 28518214 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since its first application in clinical medicine, scientists have been urged to induce tolerance towards foreign allogeneic transplants and thus avoid rejection by the recipient's immune system. This would circumvent chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (IS) and thus avoid development of IS-induced side effects, which are contributing to the still unsatisfactory long-term graft and patient survival after solid organ transplantation. Although manifold strategies of tolerance induction have been described in preclinical models, only three therapeutic approaches have been utilized successfully in a still small number of patients. These approaches are based on (i) IS withdrawal in spontaneous operational tolerant (SOT) patients, (ii) induction of a mixed chimerism and (iii) adoptive transfer of regulatory cells. Results of clinical trials utilizing these approaches show that tolerance induction does not work in all patients. Thus, there is a need for reliable biomarkers, which can be used for patient selection and post-therapeutic immune monitoring of safety, success and failure. In this review, we summarize recent achievements in the identification and validation of such immunological assays and biomarkers, focusing mainly on kidney and liver transplantation. From the published findings so far, it has become clear that indicative biomarkers may vary between different therapeutic approaches applied and organs transplanted. Also, patient numbers studied so far are very small. This is the main reason why nearly all described parameters lack validation and reproducibility testing in large clinical trials, and are therefore not yet suitable for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Behnam Sani
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ahmad TA, Eweida AE, El-Sayed LH. T-cell epitope mapping for the design of powerful vaccines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vacrep.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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T-Regulatory Cells and Vaccination "Pay Attention and Do Not Neglect Them": Lessons from HIV and Cancer Vaccine Trials. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4030030. [PMID: 27608046 PMCID: PMC5041024 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient vaccines are characterized by the establishment of long-lived memory T cells, including T-helper (effectors and follicular) and T-regulatory cells (Tregs). While the former induces cytotoxic or antibody responses, the latter regulates immune responses by maintaining homeostasis. The role of Tregs in inflammatory conditions is ambiguous and their systematic monitoring in vaccination along with effector T-cells is not instinctive. Recent studies from the cancer field clearly showed that Tregs suppress vaccine-induced immune responses and correlate with poor clinical benefit. In HIV infection, Tregs are needed during acute infection to preserve tissue integrity from an overwhelmed activation, but are not beneficial in chronic infection as they suppress anti-HIV responses. Current assays used to evaluate vaccine-induced specific responses are limited as they do not take into account antigen-specific Tregs. However, new assays, such as the OX40 assay, which allow for the simultaneous detection of a full range of Th-responses including antigen-specific Tregs responses, can overcome these issues. In this review article we will revise the role of Tregs in vaccination and review the recent work performed in the field, including the available tools to monitor them, from novel assays to humanized mouse models.
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Moore FE, Garcia EG, Lobbardi R, Jain E, Tang Q, Moore JC, Cortes M, Molodtsov A, Kasheta M, Luo CC, Garcia AJ, Mylvaganam R, Yoder JA, Blackburn JS, Sadreyev RI, Ceol CJ, North TE, Langenau DM. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of normal, aberrant, and malignant hematopoiesis in zebrafish. J Exp Med 2016; 213:979-92. [PMID: 27139488 PMCID: PMC4886368 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20152013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Moore et al. reports the first single-cell gene expression analysis in zebrafish blood to distinguish major blood lineages, identify new cell types, and delineate heterogeneity in T cell leukemia. Hematopoiesis culminates in the production of functionally heterogeneous blood cell types. In zebrafish, the lack of cell surface antibodies has compelled researchers to use fluorescent transgenic reporter lines to label specific blood cell fractions. However, these approaches are limited by the availability of transgenic lines and fluorescent protein combinations that can be distinguished. Here, we have transcriptionally profiled single hematopoietic cells from zebrafish to define erythroid, myeloid, B, and T cell lineages. We also used our approach to identify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and a novel NK-lysin 4+ cell type, representing a putative cytotoxic T/NK cell. Our platform also quantified hematopoietic defects in rag2E450fs mutant fish and showed that these fish have reduced T cells with a subsequent expansion of NK-lysin 4+ cells and myeloid cells. These data suggest compensatory regulation of the innate immune system in rag2E450fs mutant zebrafish. Finally, analysis of Myc-induced T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed that cells are arrested at the CD4+/CD8+ cortical thymocyte stage and that a subset of leukemia cells inappropriately reexpress stem cell genes, including bmi1 and cmyb. In total, our experiments provide new tools and biological insights into single-cell heterogeneity found in zebrafish blood and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finola E Moore
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Elaine G Garcia
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Esha Jain
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Qin Tang
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - John C Moore
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aleksey Molodtsov
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Melissa Kasheta
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Christina C Luo
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Amaris J Garcia
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ravi Mylvaganam
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Craig J Ceol
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129 Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Dedeoglu B, Meijers RWJ, Klepper M, Hesselink DA, Baan CC, Litjens NHR, Betjes MGH. Loss of CD28 on Peripheral T Cells Decreases the Risk for Early Acute Rejection after Kidney Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150826. [PMID: 26950734 PMCID: PMC4780739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage renal disease patients have a dysfunctional, prematurely aged peripheral T-cell system. Here we hypothesized that the degree of premature T-cell ageing before kidney transplantation predicts the risk for early acute allograft rejection (EAR). Methods 222 living donor kidney transplant recipients were prospectively analyzed. EAR was defined as biopsy proven acute allograft rejection within 3 months after kidney transplantation. The differentiation status of circulating T cells, the relative telomere length and the number of CD31+ naive T cells were determined as T-cell ageing parameters. Results Of the 222 patients analyzed, 30 (14%) developed an EAR. The donor age and the historical panel reactive antibody score were significantly higher (p = 0.024 and p = 0.039 respectively) and the number of related donor kidney transplantation was significantly lower (p = 0.018) in the EAR group. EAR-patients showed lower CD4+CD28null T-cell numbers (p<0.01) and the same trend was observed for CD8+CD28null T-cell numbers (p = 0.08). No differences regarding the other ageing parameters were found. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that higher CD4+CD28null T-cell numbers was associated with a lower risk for EAR (HR: 0.65, p = 0.028). In vitro, a significant lower percentage of alloreactive T cells was observed within CD28null T cells (p<0.001). Conclusion Immunological ageing-related expansion of highly differentiated CD28null T cells is associated with a lower risk for EAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burç Dedeoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruud W. J. Meijers
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H. R. Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands
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36
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Meijers RWJ, Litjens NHR, Hesselink DA, Langerak AW, Baan CC, Betjes MGH. Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection Significantly Impacts Circulating T Cells in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:3143-56. [PMID: 26211927 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection profoundly affects the T cell compartment and is associated with alterations in T cell aging parameters and generation of cytotoxic CD4(+) CD28null T cells. Hence, the effect of a primary CMV infection post-kidney transplantation (KT) on the peripheral T cell compartment was examined. As aging parameters, we determined the T cell differentiation status, T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) content, CD31(+) naïve T cell numbers and relative telomere length (RTL) pre-KT and 12 months post-KT. CMV-seronegative KT recipients, receiving a kidney from a CMV-seropositive donor (D+/R-) were compared to D+/R+ KT recipients. Eleven out of the 22 D+/R- KT recipients had CMV viremia post-KT. They developed CMV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and their T cell compartment shifted towards a more differentiated memory phenotype with expansion of CD4(+) CD28null and CD8(+) CD28null cells. One year post-KT, the CD8(+) T cell count was almost doubled compared to nonviremic D+/R- and D+/R+ KT recipients. In addition, the RTL of the CD8(+) T cell was significantly lower and both the TREC content and CD31(+) naïve T cell numbers significantly decreased. Moreover, primary CMV infection was associated with a negative impact on glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion, primary CMV infection has a substantial impact on the number and phenotype of peripheral T cells and may negatively affect renal allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W J Meijers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Detection of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells With Cross-Reactivity Against Alloantigens: Potency and Flaws of Present Experimental Methods. Transplant Direct 2015; 1:e40. [PMID: 27500209 PMCID: PMC4946452 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Virus-specific T cells have the intrinsic capacity to cross-react against allogeneic HLA antigens, a phenomenon known as heterologous immunity. In transplantation, these cells may contribute to the alloimmune response and negatively impact graft outcome. This study describes the various techniques that can be used to detect heterologous immune responses of virus-specific CD8+ T cells against allogeneic HLA antigens. The strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches are discussed and illustrated by experimental data.
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38
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Betjes MGH. Clinical consequences of circulating CD28-negative T cells for solid organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 29:274-84. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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39
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Shi XL, de Mare-Bredemeijer ELD, Tapirdamaz Ö, Hansen BE, van Gent R, van Campenhout MJH, Mancham S, Litjens NHR, Betjes MGH, van der Eijk AA, Xia Q, van der Laan LJW, de Jonge J, Metselaar HJ, Kwekkeboom J. CMV Primary Infection Is Associated With Donor-Specific T Cell Hyporesponsiveness and Fewer Late Acute Rejections After Liver Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2431-42. [PMID: 25943855 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), abrogate transplantation tolerance in animal models. Whether this also occurs in humans remains elusive. We investigated how CMV affects T cells and rejection episodes after liver transplantation (LT). Phenotype and alloreactivity of peripheral and allograft-infiltrating T cells from LT patients with different CMV status were analyzed by flow cytometry. The association of CMV status with early and late acute rejection was retrospectively analyzed in a cohort of 639 LT patients. CMV-positivity was associated with expansion of peripheral effector memory T cell subsets after LT. Patients with CMV primary infection showed donor-specific CD8(+) T cell hyporesponsiveness. While terminally differentiated effector memory cells comprised the majority of peripheral donor-specific CD8(+) T cells in CMV primary infection patients, they were rarely present in liver allografts. Retrospective analysis showed that R(-) D(+) serostatus was an independent protective factor for late acute rejection by multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04-0.86, p = 0.015). Additionally, CMV primary infection patients showed the highest Vδ1/Vδ2 γδ T cell ratio, which has been shown to be associated with operational tolerance after LT. In conclusion, our data suggest that CMV primary infection may promote tolerance to liver allografts, and CMV status should be considered when tapering or withdrawing immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - E L D de Mare-Bredemeijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ö Tapirdamaz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B E Hansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R van Gent
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J H van Campenhout
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A A van der Eijk
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Q Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Crivello P, Zito L, Sizzano F, Zino E, Maiers M, Mulder A, Toffalori C, Naldini L, Ciceri F, Vago L, Fleischhauer K. The Impact of Amino Acid Variability on Alloreactivity Defines a Functional Distance Predictive of Permissive HLA-DPB1 Mismatches in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:233-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Levy L, Mishalian I, Bayuch R, Zolotarov L, Michaeli J, Fridlender ZG. Splenectomy inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth by modulating anti-tumor adaptive and innate immune response. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e998469. [PMID: 26137413 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.998469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that inhibitors of the immune system reside in the spleen and inhibit the endogenous antitumor effects of the immune system. We hypothesized that splenectomy would inhibit the growth of relatively large non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors by modulating the systemic inhibition of the immune system, and in particular Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC). The effect of splenectomy was evaluated in several murine lung cancer models. We found that splenectomy reduces tumor growth and the development of lung metastases, but only in advanced tumors. In immune-deficient NOD-SCID mice the effect of splenectomy on tumor growth and metastatic spread disappeared. Splenectomy significantly reduced the presence of MDSC, and especially monocytic-MDSC in the circulation and inside the tumor. Specific reduction of the CCR2+ subset of monocytic MDSC was demonstrated, and the importance of the CCL2-CCR2 axis was further shown by a marked reduction in CCL2 following splenectomy. These changes were followed by changes in the macrophages contents of the tumors to become more antitumorigenic, and by increased activation of CD8+ Cytotoxic T-cells (CTL). By MDSC depletion, and adoptive transfer of MDSCs, we demonstrated that the effect of splenectomy on tumor growth was substantially mediated by MDSC cells. We conclude that the spleen is an important contributor to tumor growth and metastases, and that splenectomy can blunt this effect by depletion of MDSC, changing the amount and characteristics of myeloid cells and enhancing activation of CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Levy
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research; Institute of Pulmonary Medicine ; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center ; Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Mishalian
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research; Institute of Pulmonary Medicine ; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center ; Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Bayuch
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research; Institute of Pulmonary Medicine ; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center ; Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lida Zolotarov
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research; Institute of Pulmonary Medicine ; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center ; Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Janna Michaeli
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research; Institute of Pulmonary Medicine ; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center ; Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research; Institute of Pulmonary Medicine ; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center ; Jerusalem, Israel ; Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hardwick NR, Carroll M, Kaltcheva T, Qian D, Lim D, Leong L, Chu P, Kim J, Chao J, Fakih M, Yen Y, Espenschied J, Ellenhorn JDI, Diamond DJ, Chung V. p53MVA therapy in patients with refractory gastrointestinal malignancies elevates p53-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4459-70. [PMID: 24987057 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a phase I trial of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine delivering wild-type human p53 (p53MVA) in patients with refractory gastrointestinal cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three patients were vaccinated with 1.0×10(8) plaque-forming unit (pfu) p53MVA followed by nine patients at 5.6×10(8) pfu. Toxicity was classified using the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria and clinical responses were assessed by CT scan. Peripheral blood samples were collected pre- and post-immunization for immunophenotyping, monitoring of p53MVA-induced immune response, and examination of PD1 checkpoint inhibition in vitro. RESULTS p53MVA immunization was well tolerated at both doses, with no adverse events above grade 2. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showing enhanced recognition of a p53 overlapping peptide library were detectable after the first immunization, particularly in the CD8+ T-cell compartment (P=0.03). However, in most patients, this did not expand further with the second and third immunization. The frequency of PD1+ T cells detectable in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly higher than in healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequency of PD1+ CD8+ T cells showed an inverse correlation with the peak CD8+ p53 response (P=0.02) and antibody blockade of PD1 in vitro increased the p53 immune responses detected after the second or third immunizations. Induction of strong T-cell and antibody responses to the MVA backbone were also apparent. CONCLUSION p53MVA was well tolerated and induced robust CD8+ T-cell responses. Combination of p53MVA with immune checkpoint inhibition could help sustain immune responses and lead to enhanced clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R Hardwick
- Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mary Carroll
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Dajun Qian
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Dean Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lucille Leong
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph Chao
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Marwan Fakih
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jonathan Espenschied
- Division of Cancer Etiology and Outcomes Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | | | - Don J Diamond
- Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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Tjon ASW, Jaadar H, van Gent R, van Kooten PJS, Achatbi N, Metselaar HJ, Kwekkeboom J. Prevention of immunoglobulin G immobilization eliminates artifactual stimulation of dendritic cell maturation by intravenous immunoglobulin in vitro. Transl Res 2014; 163:557-64. [PMID: 24491358 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a therapeutic preparation containing pooled human immunoglobulin (Ig) G, has been suggested to inhibit differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs); however, controversies exist on this issue. We aimed to reinvestigate the effects of IVIg on human DC maturation and cytokine production, and to determine whether an artifactual determinant is involved in the observed effects. Human monocyte-derived DCs or freshly isolated blood myeloid DCs were cultured in the presence of IVIg in vitro, and the expression of maturation markers CD80, CD86, CD83, and Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR were determined by flow cytometry, whereas production of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and T-cell stimulatory capacity was determined in cocultures with allogeneic CD4(+) T cells. Interestingly, we observed that IVIg did not inhibit, but instead stimulated, spontaneous maturation and T-cell stimulatory ability of human DCs, while leaving lipopolysaccharide-induced DC maturation and cytokine production unaffected. Strikingly, prevention of IVIg binding to culture plate surface, or blocking of the activating Fcγ receptor IIa on DC, abrogated the stimulatory effect of IVIg on costimulatory molecule expression and on T-cell stimulatory capacity of DCs, suggesting that IVIg activates DCs on IgG adsorption to the plastic surface. This study warrants for careful study design when performing cell culture studies with IVIg to prevent artifactual effects, and shows that IVIg does not modulate directly costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine production, or allogeneic T-cell stimulatory capacity of human DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S W Tjon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haziz Jaadar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gent
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J S van Kooten
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Najib Achatbi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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