1
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Urban population structure and dispersal of an Australian mosquito (Aedes notoscriptus) involved in disease transmission. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 130:99-108. [PMID: 36539450 PMCID: PMC9905534 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a critical parameter for successful pest control measures as it determines the rate of movement across target control areas and influences the risk of human exposure. We used a fine-scale spatial population genomic approach to investigate the dispersal ecology and population structure of Aedes notoscriptus, an important disease transmitting mosquito at the Mornington Peninsula, Australia. We sampled and reared Ae. notoscriptus eggs at two time points from 170 traps up to 5 km apart and generated genomic data from 240 individuals. We also produced a draft genome assembly from a laboratory colony established from mosquitoes sampled near the study area. We found low genetic structure (Fst) and high coancestry throughout the study region. Using genetic data to identify close kin dyads, we found that mosquitoes had moved distances of >1 km within a generation, which is further than previously recorded. A spatial autocorrelation analysis of genetic distances indicated genetic similarity at >1 km separation, a tenfold higher distance than for a comparable population of Ae. aegypti, from Cairns, Australia. These findings point to high mobility of Ae. notoscriptus, highlighting challenges of localised intervention strategies. Further sampling within the same area 6 and 12 months after initial sampling showed that egg-counts were relatively consistent across time, and that spatial variation in egg-counts covaried with spatial variation in Wright's neighbourhood size (NS). As NS increases linearly with population density, egg-counts may be useful for estimating relative density in Ae. notoscriptus. The results highlight the importance of acquiring species-specific data when planning control measures.
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2
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McFarlane S, Manseau M, Jones TB, Pouliot D, Mastromonaco G, Pittoello G, Wilson PJ. Identification of familial networks reveals sex-specific density dependence in the dispersal and reproductive success of an endangered ungulate. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.956834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Density is an important demographic parameter that is commonly overlooked in studies of wild populations. Here, we examined the effects of variable spatially explicit density on a range of demographic parameters in a wild population of a cryptic ungulate, boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Using non-invasive genetic sampling, we applied spatial capture–recapture methods with landscape covariates to estimate the density of boreal woodland caribou across a 108,806 km2 study area. We then created a familial network from the reconstructed parent–offspring relationships to determine whether spatial density influenced sex-specific individual reproductive success, female pregnancy status, and dispersal distance. We found that animal density varied greatly in response to land cover types and disturbance; animal density was most influenced by landscape composition and distance to roads varying from 0 in areas with >20% deciduous cover to 270 caribou per 1,000 km2 in areas presenting contiguous older coniferous cover. We found that both male and female reproductive success varied with density, with males showing a higher probability of having offspring in higher-density areas, and the opposite for females. No differences were found in female pregnancy rates occurring in high- and low-density areas. Dispersal distances varied with density, with offspring moving shorter distances when parents were found in higher-density areas. Familial networks showed lower-closeness centrality and lower-degree centrality for females in higher-density areas, indicating that females found in higher-density areas tend to be less broadly associated with animals across the range. Although high-density areas do reflect good-quality caribou habitat, the observed decreased closeness and degree centrality measures, dispersal rates, and lower female recruitment rates suggest that remnant habitat patches across the landscape may create population sinks.
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3
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Kahilainen A, Oostra V, Somervuo P, Minard G, Saastamoinen M. Alternative developmental and transcriptomic responses to host plant water limitation in a butterfly metapopulation. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5666-5683. [PMID: 34516691 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Predicting how climate change affects biotic interactions poses a challenge. Plant-insect herbivore interactions are particularly sensitive to climate change, as climate-induced changes in plant quality cascade into the performance of insect herbivores. Whereas the immediate survival of herbivore individuals depends on plastic responses to climate change-induced nutritional stress, long-term population persistence via evolutionary adaptation requires genetic variation for these responses. To assess the prospects for population persistence under climate change, it is therefore crucial to characterize response mechanisms to climate change-induced stressors, and quantify their variability in natural populations. Here, we test developmental and transcriptomic responses to water limitation-induced host plant quality change in a Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation. We combine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the plant metabolome, larval developmental assays and an RNA sequencing analysis of the larval transcriptome. We observed that responses to feeding on water-limited plants, in which amino acids and aromatic compounds are enriched, showed marked variation within the metapopulation, with individuals of some families performing better on control and others on water-limited plants. The transcriptomic responses were concordant with the developmental responses: families exhibiting opposite developmental responses also produced opposite transcriptomic responses (e.g. in growth-associated transcripts). The divergent responses in both larval development and transcriptome are associated with differences between families in amino acid catabolism and storage protein production. The results reveal intrapopulation variability in plasticity, suggesting that the Finnish M. cinxia metapopulation harbours potential for buffering against drought-induced changes in host plant quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Kahilainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Vicencio Oostra
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.,Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
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4
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DiLeo MF, Nonaka E, Husby A, Saastamoinen M. Effects of environment and genotype on dispersal differ across departure, transfer and settlement in a butterfly metapopulation. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220322. [PMID: 35673865 PMCID: PMC9174707 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Active dispersal is driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors at the three stages of departure, transfer and settlement. Most empirical studies capture only one stage of this complex process, and knowledge of how much can be generalized from one stage to another remains unknown. Here we use genetic assignment tests to reconstruct dispersal across 5 years and 232 habitat patches of a Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation. We link individual dispersal events to weather, landscape structure, size and quality of habitat patches, and individual genotype to identify the factors that influence the three stages of dispersal and post-settlement survival. We found that nearly all tested factors strongly affected departure probabilities, but that the same factors explained very little variation in realized dispersal distances. Surprisingly, we found no effect of dispersal distance on post-settlement survival. Rather, survival was influenced by weather conditions, quality of the natal habitat patch, and a strong interaction between genotype and occupancy status of the settled habitat patch, with more mobile genotypes having higher survival as colonists rather than as immigrants. Our work highlights the multi-causality of dispersal and that some dispersal costs can only be understood by considering extrinsic and intrinsic factors and their interaction across the entire dispersal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. DiLeo
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arild Husby
- Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Smolander OP, Blande D, Ahola V, Rastas P, Tanskanen J, Kammonen JI, Oostra V, Pellegrini L, Ikonen S, Dallas T, DiLeo MF, Duplouy A, Duru IC, Halimaa P, Kahilainen A, Kuwar SS, Kärenlampi SO, Lafuente E, Luo S, Makkonen J, Nair A, de la Paz Celorio-Mancera M, Pennanen V, Ruokolainen A, Sundell T, Tervahauta AI, Twort V, van Bergen E, Österman-Udd J, Paulin L, Frilander MJ, Auvinen P, Saastamoinen M. Improved chromosome-level genome assembly of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) integrating Pacific Biosciences long reads and a high-density linkage map. Gigascience 2022; 11:6505122. [PMID: 35022701 PMCID: PMC8756199 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) butterfly is a model system for metapopulation dynamics research in fragmented landscapes. Here, we provide a chromosome-level assembly of the butterfly's genome produced from Pacific Biosciences sequencing of a pool of males, combined with a linkage map from population crosses. RESULTS The final assembly size of 484 Mb is an increase of 94 Mb on the previously published genome. Estimation of the completeness of the genome with BUSCO indicates that the genome contains 92-94% of the BUSCO genes in complete and single copies. We predicted 14,810 genes using the MAKER pipeline and manually curated 1,232 of these gene models. CONCLUSIONS The genome and its annotated gene models are a valuable resource for future comparative genomics, molecular biology, transcriptome, and genetics studies on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli-Pekka Smolander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Daniel Blande
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Ahola
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Hong Kong
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Juhana I Kammonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vicencio Oostra
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pellegrini
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Ikonen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michelle F DiLeo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Duplouy
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ilhan Cem Duru
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Halimaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 KUOPIO, Finland
| | - Aapo Kahilainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suyog S Kuwar
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA.,Department of Zoology, Loknete Vyankatrao Hiray Arts, Science & Commerce College, 422003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sirpa O Kärenlampi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 KUOPIO, Finland
| | - Elvira Lafuente
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Luo
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jenny Makkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 KUOPIO, Finland
| | - Abhilash Nair
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ville Pennanen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Ruokolainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sundell
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja I Tervahauta
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 KUOPIO, Finland
| | - Victoria Twort
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik van Bergen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janina Österman-Udd
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Trense D, Hoffmann AA, Fischer K. Large- and small-scale geographic structures affecting genetic patterns across populations of an Alpine butterfly. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14697-14714. [PMID: 34765135 PMCID: PMC8571576 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding factors influencing patterns of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of species is of particular importance in the current era of global climate change and habitat loss. These factors include the evolutionary history of a species as well as heterogeneity in the environment it occupies, which in turn can change across time. Most studies investigating spatio-temporal genetic patterns have focused on patterns across wide geographic areas rather than local variation, but the latter can nevertheless be important particularly in topographically complex areas. Here, we consider these issues in the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) from the European Alps, using genome-wide SNPs identified through RADseq. We found strong genetic differentiation within the Alps with four genetic clusters, indicating western, central, and eastern refuges, and a strong reduction of genetic diversity from west to east. This reduction in diversity may suggest that the southwestern refuge was the largest one in comparison to other refuges. Also, the high genetic diversity in the west may result from (a) admixture of different western refuges, (b) more recent demographic changes, or (c) introgression of lowland L. tityrus populations. At small spatial scales, populations were structured by several landscape features and especially by high mountain ridges and large river valleys. We detected 36 outlier loci likely under altitudinal selection, including several loci related to membranes and cellular processes. We suggest that efforts to preserve alpine L. tityrus should focus on the genetically diverse populations in the western Alps, and that the dolomite populations should be treated as genetically distinct management units, since they appear to be currently more threatened than others. This study demonstrates the usefulness of SNP-based approaches for understanding patterns of genetic diversity, gene flow, and selection in a region that is expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daronja Trense
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, ZoologyUniversity Koblenz‐LandauKoblenzGermany
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research GroupSchool of BiosciencesBio21 InstituteParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, ZoologyUniversity Koblenz‐LandauKoblenzGermany
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7
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Duplouy A, Nair A, Nyman T, van Nouhuys S. Long-term spatiotemporal genetic structure of an accidental parasitoid introduction, and local changes in prevalence of its associated Wolbachia symbiont. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4368-4380. [PMID: 34233062 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Population bottlenecks associated with founder events strongly impact the establishment and genetic makeup of populations. In addition to their genotype, founding individuals also bring along parasites, as well as symbionts that can manipulate the phenotype of their host, affecting the host population establishment, dynamics and evolution. Thus, to understand introduction, invasion, and spread, we should identify the roles played by accompanying symbionts. In 1991, the parasitoid wasp, Hyposoter horticola, and its associated hyperparasitoid were accidentally introduced from the main Åland islands, Finland, to an isolated island in the archipelago, along with their host, the Glanville fritillary butterfly. Though the receiving island was unoccupied, the butterfly was present on some of the small islands in the vicinity. The three introduced species have persisted locally ever since. A strain of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia has an intermediate prevalence in the parasitoid H. horticola across the main Åland population. The infection increases its susceptibility of to hyperparasitism. We investigated the establishment and spread of the parasitoid, along with patterns of prevalence of its symbiont using 323 specimens collected between 1992 and 2013, from five localities across Åland, including the source and introduced populations. Using 14 microsatellites and one mitochondrial marker, we suggest that the relatively diverse founding population and occasional migration between islands might have facilitated the persistence of all isolated populations, despite multiple local population crashes. We also show that where the hyperparasitoid is absent, and thus selection against infected wasp genotypes is relaxed, there is near-fixation of Wolbachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duplouy
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abhilash Nair
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toshka Nyman
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, New York, USA
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8
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Rytteri S, Kuussaari M, Saastamoinen M. Microclimatic variability buffers butterfly populations against increased mortality caused by phenological asynchrony between larvae and their host plants. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susu Rytteri
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Mikko Kuussaari
- Finnish Environment Inst. (SYKE), Biodiversity Centre Helsinki Finland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Helsinki
- Helsinki Inst. of Life Science, Univ. of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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9
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Schmidt TL, Swan T, Chung J, Karl S, Demok S, Yang Q, Field MA, Muzari MO, Ehlers G, Brugh M, Bellwood R, Horne P, Burkot TR, Ritchie S, Hoffmann AA. Spatial population genomics of a recent mosquito invasion. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1174-1189. [PMID: 33421231 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Population genomic approaches can characterize dispersal across a single generation through to many generations in the past, bridging the gap between individual movement and intergenerational gene flow. These approaches are particularly useful when investigating dispersal in recently altered systems, where they provide a way of inferring long-distance dispersal between newly established populations and their interactions with existing populations. Human-mediated biological invasions represent such altered systems which can be investigated with appropriate study designs and analyses. Here we apply temporally restricted sampling and a range of population genomic approaches to investigate dispersal in a 2004 invasion of Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) in the Torres Strait Islands (TSI) of Australia. We sampled mosquitoes from 13 TSI villages simultaneously and genotyped 373 mosquitoes at genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 331 from the TSI, 36 from Papua New Guinea (PNG) and four incursive mosquitoes detected in uninvaded regions. Within villages, spatial genetic structure varied substantially but overall displayed isolation by distance and a neighbourhood size of 232-577. Close kin dyads revealed recent movement between islands 31-203 km apart, and deep learning inferences showed incursive Ae. albopictus had travelled to uninvaded regions from both adjacent and nonadjacent islands. Private alleles and a co-ancestry matrix indicated direct gene flow from PNG into nearby islands. Outlier analyses also detected four linked alleles introgressed from PNG, with the alleles surrounding 12 resistance-associated cytochrome P450 genes. By treating dispersal as both an intergenerational process and a set of discrete events, we describe a highly interconnected invasive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Schmidt
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom Swan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephan Karl
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Samuel Demok
- Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Qiong Yang
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matt A Field
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mutizwa Odwell Muzari
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerhard Ehlers
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathew Brugh
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney Bellwood
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Horne
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas R Burkot
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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10
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Trense D, Schmidt TL, Yang Q, Chung J, Hoffmann AA, Fischer K. Anthropogenic and natural barriers affect genetic connectivity in an Alpine butterfly. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:114-130. [PMID: 33108010 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key biological process serving several functions including connectivity among populations. Habitat fragmentation caused by natural or anthropogenic structures may hamper dispersal, thereby disrupting genetic connectivity. Investigating factors affecting dispersal and gene flow is important in the current era of anthropogenic global change, as dispersal comprises a vital part of a species' resilience to environmental change. Using finescale landscape genomics, we investigated gene flow and genetic structure of the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) in the Alpine Ötz valley system in Austria. We found surprisingly high levels of gene flow in L. tityrus across the region. Nevertheless, ravines, forests, and roads had effects on genetic structure, while rivers did not. The latter is surprising as roads and rivers have a similar width and run largely in parallel in our study area, pointing towards a higher impact of anthropogenic compared with natural linear structures. Additionally, we detected eleven loci potentially under thermal selection, including ones related to membranes, metabolism, and immune function. This study demonstrates the usefulness of molecular approaches in obtaining estimates of dispersal and population processes in the wild. Our results suggest that, despite high gene flow in the Alpine valley system investigated, L. tityrus nevertheless seems to be vulnerable to anthropogenically-driven habitat fragmentation. With anthropogenic rather than natural linear structures affecting gene flow, this may have important consequences for the persistence of species such as the butterfly studied here in altered landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daronja Trense
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Zoology, University Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas L Schmidt
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Qiong Yang
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Zoology, University Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
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11
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Butterfly Conservation in China: From Science to Action. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100661. [PMID: 32992975 PMCID: PMC7600441 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
About 10% of the Earth's butterfly species inhabit the highly diverse ecosystems of China. Important for the ecological, economic, and cultural services they provide, many butterfly species experience threats from land use shifts and climate change. China has recently adopted policies to protect the nation's biodiversity resources. This essay examines the current management of butterflies in China and suggests various easily implementable actions that could improve these conservation efforts. Our recommendations are based on the observations of a transdisciplinary group of entomologists and environmental policy specialists. Our analysis draws on other successful examples around the world that China may wish to consider. China needs to modify its scientific methodologies behind butterfly conservation management: revising the criteria for listing protected species, focusing on umbrella species for broader protection, identifying high priority areas and refugia for conservation, among others. Rural and urban land uses that provide heterogeneous habitats, as well as butterfly host and nectar plants, must be promoted. Butterfly ranching and farming may also provide opportunities for sustainable community development. Many possibilities exist for incorporating observations of citizen scientists into butterfly data collection at broad spatial and temporal scales. Our recommendations further the ten Priority Areas of China's National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030).
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12
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Opedal ØH, Ovaskainen O, Saastamoinen M, Laine AL, van Nouhuys S. Host-plant availability drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of interacting metapopulations across a fragmented landscape. Ecology 2020; 101:e03186. [PMID: 32892363 PMCID: PMC7757193 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of ecological communities depend partly on species interactions within and among trophic levels. Experimental work has demonstrated the impact of species interactions on the species involved, but it remains unclear whether these effects can also be detected in long‐term time series across heterogeneous landscapes. We analyzed a 19‐yr time series of patch occupancy by the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia, its specialist parasitoid wasp Cotesia melitaearum, and the specialist fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis infecting Plantago lanceolata, a host plant of the Glanville fritillary. These species share a network of more than 4,000 habitat patches in the Åland islands, providing a metacommunity data set of unique spatial and temporal resolution. To assess the influence of interactions among the butterfly, parasitoid, and mildew on metacommunity dynamics, we modeled local colonization and extinction rates of each species while including or excluding the presence of potentially interacting species in the previous year as predictors. The metapopulation dynamics of all focal species varied both along a gradient in host plant abundance, and spatially as indicated by strong effects of local connectivity. Colonization and to a lesser extent extinction rates depended also on the presence of interacting species within patches. However, the directions of most effects differed from expectations based on previous experimental and modeling work, and the inferred influence of species interactions on observed metacommunity dynamics was limited. These results suggest that although local interactions among the butterfly, parasitoid, and mildew occur, their roles in metacommunity spatiotemporal dynamics are relatively weak. Instead, all species respond to variation in plant abundance, which may in turn fluctuate in response to variation in climate, land use, or other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein H Opedal
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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13
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Dallas TA, Saastamoinen M, Schulz T, Ovaskainen O. The relative importance of local and regional processes to metapopulation dynamics. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:884-896. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tad A. Dallas
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Torsti Schulz
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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14
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Minard G, Tikhonov G, Ovaskainen O, Saastamoinen M. The microbiome of the Melitaea cinxia butterfly shows marked variation but is only little explained by the traits of the butterfly or its host plant. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4253-4269. [PMID: 31436012 PMCID: PMC6900084 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the ecological factors that shape intraspecific variation of insect microbiota in natural populations is relatively poor. In Lepidopteran caterpillars, microbiota is assumed to be mainly composed of transient bacterial symbionts acquired from the host plant. We sampled Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) caterpillars from natural populations to describe their gut microbiome and to identify potential ecological factors that determine its structure. Our results demonstrate high variability of microbiota composition even among caterpillars that shared the same host plant individual and most likely the same genetic background. We observed that the caterpillars harboured microbial classes that varied among individuals and alternated between two distinct communities (one composed of mainly Enterobacteriaceae and another with more variable microbiota community). Even though the general structure of the microbiota was not attributed to the measured ecological factors, we found that phylogenetically similar microbiota showed corresponding responses to the sex and the parasitoid infection of the caterpillar and to those of the host plant's microbial and chemical composition. Our results indicate high among-individual variability in the microbiota of the M. cinxia caterpillar and contradict previous findings that the host plant is the major driver of the microbiota communities of insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Minard
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRA 1418, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Gleb Tikhonov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyN‐7491TrondheimNorway
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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15
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Nonaka E, Sirén J, Somervuo P, Ruokolainen L, Ovaskainen O, Hanski I. Scaling up the effects of inbreeding depression from individuals to metapopulations. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1202-1214. [PMID: 31077598 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding is common in nature, and many laboratory studies have documented that inbreeding depression can reduce the fitness of individuals. Demonstrating the consequences of inbreeding depression on the growth and persistence of populations is more challenging because populations are often regulated by density- or frequency-dependent selection and influenced by demographic and environmental stochasticity. A few empirical studies have shown that inbreeding depression can increase extinction risk of local populations. The importance of inbreeding depression at the metapopulation level has been conjectured based on population-level studies but has not been evaluated. We quantified the impact of inbreeding depression affecting the fitness of individuals on metapopulation persistence in heterogeneous habitat networks of different sizes and habitat configuration in a context of natural butterfly metapopulations. We developed a spatial individual-based simulation model of metapopulations with explicit genetics. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation to fit the model to extensive demographic, genetic and life-history data available for the well-studied Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulations in the Åland islands in SW Finland. We compared 18 semi-independent habitat networks differing in size and fragmentation. The results show that inbreeding is more frequent in small habitat networks, and consequently, inbreeding depression elevates extinction risks in small metapopulations. Metapopulation persistence and neutral genetic diversity maintained in the metapopulations increase with the total habitat amount in and mean patch size of habitat networks. Dispersal and mating behaviour interact with landscape structure to determine how likely it is to encounter kin while looking for mates. Inbreeding depression can decrease the viability of small metapopulations even when they are strongly influenced by stochastic extinction-colonization dynamics and density-dependent selection. The findings from this study support that genetic factors, in addition to demographic factors, can contribute to extinctions of small local populations and also of metapopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jukka Sirén
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Ruokolainen
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Escoda L, Fernández‐González Á, Castresana J. Quantitative analysis of connectivity in populations of a semi‐aquatic mammal using kinship categories and network assortativity. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:310-326. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Escoda
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Jose Castresana
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
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17
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Duplouy A, Minard G, Lähteenaro M, Rytteri S, Saastamoinen M. Silk properties and overwinter survival in gregarious butterfly larvae. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12443-12455. [PMID: 30619557 PMCID: PMC6309129 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms are challenged by encounters with parasites, which strongly select for efficient escape strategies in the host. The threat is especially high for gregarious species entering immobile periods, such as diapause. Larvae of the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia, spend the winter in diapause in groups of conspecifics each sheltered in a silk nest. Despite intensive monitoring of the population, we have little understanding of the ecological factors influencing larval survival over the winter in the field. We tested whether qualitative and quantitative properties of the silk nest contribute to larval survival over diapause. We used comparative proteomics, metabarcoding analyses, microscopic imaging, and in vitro experiments to compare protein composition of the silk, community composition of the silk-associated microbiota, and silk density from both wild-collected and laboratory-reared families, which survived or died in the field. Although most traits assessed varied across families, only silk density was correlated with overwinter survival in the field. The silk nest spun by gregarious larvae before the winter acts as an efficient breathable physical shield that positively affects larval survival during diapause. Such benefit may explain how this costly trait is conserved across populations of this butterfly species and potentially across other silk-spinning insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duplouy
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Laboratory of Microbial EcologyUniversity of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRA 1418VetAgro SupVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Meri Lähteenaro
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryZoology UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Susu Rytteri
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological changes, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgramFaculty of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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18
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DiLeo MF, Husby A, Saastamoinen M. Landscape permeability and individual variation in a dispersal-linked gene jointly determine genetic structure in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. Evol Lett 2018; 2:544-556. [PMID: 30564438 PMCID: PMC6292703 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now clear evidence that species across a broad range of taxa harbor extensive heritable variation in dispersal. While studies suggest that this variation can facilitate demographic outcomes such as range expansion and invasions, few have considered the consequences of intraspecific variation in dispersal for the maintenance and distribution of genetic variation across fragmented landscapes. Here, we examine how landscape characteristics and individual variation in dispersal combine to predict genetic structure using genomic and spatial data from the Glanville fritillary butterfly. We used linear and latent factor mixed models to identify the landscape features that best predict spatial sorting of alleles in the dispersal-related gene phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi). We next used structural equation modeling to test if variation in Pgi mediated gene flow as measured by Fst at putatively neutral loci. In a year when the population was recovering following a large decline, individuals with a genotype associated with greater dispersal ability were found at significantly higher frequencies in populations isolated by water and forest, and these populations showed lower levels of genetic differentiation at neutral loci. These relationships disappeared in the next year when metapopulation density was high, suggesting that the effects of individual variation are context dependent. Together our results highlight that (1) more complex aspects of landscape structure beyond just the configuration of habitat can be important for maintaining spatial variation in dispersal traits and (2) that individual variation in dispersal plays a key role in maintaining genetic variation across fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. DiLeo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
| | - Arild Husby
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, EBCUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236UppsalaSweden
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
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19
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Ovaskainen O, Saastamoinen M. Frontiers in Metapopulation Biology: The Legacy of Ilkka Hanski. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review of metapopulation biology has a special focus on Professor Ilkka Hanski's (1953–2016) research. Hanski made seminal contributions to both empirical and theoretical metapopulation biology throughout his scientific career. Hanski's early research focused on ecological aspects of metapopulation biology, in particular how the spatial structure of a landscape influences extinction thresholds and how habitat loss and fragmentation can result in extinction debt. Hanski then used the Glanville fritillary system as a natural laboratory within which he studied genetic and evolutionary processes, such as the influence of inbreeding on extinction risk and variation in selection for dispersal traits generated by landscape variation. During the last years of his career, Hanski's work was in the forefront of the rapidly developing field of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Hanski was a pioneer in showing how molecular-level underpinnings of trait variation can explain why evolutionary change can occur rapidly in natural populations and how these changes can subsequently influence ecological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;,
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;,
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20
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Cayuela H, Rougemont Q, Prunier JG, Moore JS, Clobert J, Besnard A, Bernatchez L. Demographic and genetic approaches to study dispersal in wild animal populations: A methodological review. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3976-4010. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cayuela
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec City Québec Canada
| | - Quentin Rougemont
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec City Québec Canada
| | - Jérôme G. Prunier
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5321; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Université Paul Sabatier (UPS); Moulis France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Moore
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec City Québec Canada
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5321; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Université Paul Sabatier (UPS); Moulis France
| | - Aurélien Besnard
- CNRS; PSL Research University; EPHE; UM, SupAgro, IRD; INRA; UMR 5175 CEFE; Montpellier France
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec City Québec Canada
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21
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Kahilainen A, van Nouhuys S, Schulz T, Saastamoinen M. Metapopulation dynamics in a changing climate: Increasing spatial synchrony in weather conditions drives metapopulation synchrony of a butterfly inhabiting a fragmented landscape. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4316-4329. [PMID: 29682866 PMCID: PMC6120548 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and climate change are both prominent manifestations of global change, but there is little knowledge on the specific mechanisms of how climate change may modify the effects of habitat fragmentation, for example, by altering dynamics of spatially structured populations. The long-term viability of metapopulations is dependent on independent dynamics of local populations, because it mitigates fluctuations in the size of the metapopulation as a whole. Metapopulation viability will be compromised if climate change increases spatial synchrony in weather conditions associated with population growth rates. We studied a recently reported increase in metapopulation synchrony of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) in the Finnish archipelago, to see if it could be explained by an increase in synchrony of weather conditions. For this, we used 23 years of butterfly survey data together with monthly weather records for the same period. We first examined the associations between population growth rates within different regions of the metapopulation and weather conditions during different life-history stages of the butterfly. We then examined the association between the trends in the synchrony of the weather conditions and the synchrony of the butterfly metapopulation dynamics. We found that precipitation from spring to late summer are associated with the M. cinxia per capita growth rate, with early summer conditions being most important. We further found that the increase in metapopulation synchrony is paralleled by an increase in the synchrony of weather conditions. Alternative explanations for spatial synchrony, such as increased dispersal or trophic interactions with a specialist parasitoid, did not show paralleled trends and are not supported. The climate driven increase in M. cinxia metapopulation synchrony suggests that climate change can increase extinction risk of spatially structured populations living in fragmented landscapes by altering their dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Kahilainen
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EntomologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - Torsti Schulz
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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