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Nagi SC, Lucas ER, Egyir-Yawson A, Essandoh J, Dadzie S, Chabi J, Djogbénou LS, Medjigbodo AA, Edi CV, Ketoh GK, Koudou BG, Ashraf F, Clarkson CS, Miles A, Weetman D, Donnelly MJ. Parallel Evolution in Mosquito Vectors-A Duplicated Esterase Locus is Associated With Resistance to Pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae140. [PMID: 38985692 PMCID: PMC11267716 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary control methods for the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, are based on insecticidal interventions. Emerging resistance to these compounds is therefore of major concern to malaria control programs. The organophosphate (OP), pirimiphos-methyl, is a relatively new chemical in the vector control armory but is now widely used in indoor-residual spray campaigns. While generally effective, phenotypic resistance has developed in some areas in malaria vectors. Here, we used a population genomic approach to identify novel mechanisms of resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in A. gambiae s.l mosquitoes. In multiple populations, we found large and repeated signals of selection at a locus containing a cluster of detoxification enzymes, some of whose orthologs are known to confer resistance to OPs in Culex pipiens. Close examination revealed a pair of alpha-esterases, Coeae1f and Coeae2f, and a complex and diverse pattern of haplotypes under selection in A. gambiae, A. coluzzii and A. arabiensis. As in C. pipiens, copy number variants have arisen at this locus. We used diplotype clustering to examine whether these signals arise from parallel evolution or adaptive introgression. Using whole-genome sequenced phenotyped samples, we found that in West Africa, a copy number variant in A. gambiae is associated with resistance to pirimiphos-methyl. Overall, we demonstrate a striking example of contemporary parallel evolution which has important implications for malaria control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay C Nagi
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Eric R Lucas
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - John Essandoh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Chabi
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Luc S Djogbénou
- Laboratory of Infectious Vector Borne Diseases, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adandé A Medjigbodo
- Laboratory of Infectious Vector Borne Diseases, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Constant V Edi
- Research and Development Department, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Guillaume K Ketoh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo
| | - Benjamin G Koudou
- Research and Development Department, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Faisal Ashraf
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Chris S Clarkson
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Alistair Miles
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Martin J Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1RQ, UK
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Hernandes N, Qi XM, Bhide S, Brown C, Camm BJ, Baxter SW, Robin C. Acetylcholine esterase of Drosophila melanogaster: a laboratory model to explore insecticide susceptibility gene drives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2950-2964. [PMID: 38344908 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the proposed applications of gene drives has been to revert pesticide resistant mutations back to the ancestral susceptible state. Insecticides that have become ineffective because of the rise of resistance could have reinvigorated utility and be used to suppress pest populations again, perhaps at lower application doses. RESULTS We have created a laboratory model for susceptibility gene drives that replaces field-selected resistant variants of the acetylcholine esterase (Ace) locus of Drosophila melanogaster with ancestral susceptible variants. We constructed a CRISPR/Cas9 homing drive and found that homing occurred in many genetic backgrounds with varying efficiencies. While the drive itself could not be homozygous, it converted resistant alleles into susceptible ones and produced recessive lethal alleles that could suppress populations. Our studies provided evidence for two distinct classes of gene drive resistance (GDR): rather than being mediated by the conventional non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, one seemed to involve short homologous repair and the other was defined by genetic background. Additionally, we used simulations to explore a distinct application of susceptibility drives; the use of chemicals to prevent the spread of synthetic gene drives into protected areas. CONCLUSIONS Insecticide susceptibility gene drives could be useful tools to control pest insects however problems with particularities of target loci and GDR will need to be overcome for them to be effective. Furthermore, realistic patterns of pest dispersal and high insecticide exposure rates would be required if susceptibility were to be useful as a 'safety-switch' to prevent the unwanted spread of gene drives. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hernandes
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Mollyann Qi
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Soumitra Bhide
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney Brown
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Camm
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon W Baxter
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Robin
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Claret JL, Di-Liegro M, Namias A, Assogba B, Makoundou P, Koffi A, Pennetier C, Weill M, Milesi P, Labbé P. Despite structural identity, ace-1 heterogenous duplication resistance alleles are quite diverse in Anopheles mosquitoes. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:179-191. [PMID: 38280976 PMCID: PMC10997782 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae s.l. has been the target of intense insecticide treatment since the mid-20th century to try and control malaria. A substitution in the ace-1 locus has been rapidly selected for, allowing resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Since then, two types of duplication of the ace-1 locus have been found in An. gambiae s.l. populations: homogeneous duplications that are composed of several resistance copies, or heterogeneous duplications that contain both resistance and susceptible copies. The substitution induces a trade-off between resistance in the presence of insecticides and disadvantages in their absence: the heterogeneous duplications allow the fixation of the intermediate heterozygote phenotype. So far, a single heterogeneous duplication has been described in An. gambiae s.l. populations (in contrast with the multiple duplicated alleles found in Culex pipiens mosquitoes). We used a new approach, combining long and short-read sequencing with Sanger sequencing to precisely identify and describe at least nine different heterogeneous duplications, in two populations of An. gambiae s.l. We show that these alleles share the same structure as the previously identified heterogeneous and homogeneous duplications, namely 203-kb tandem amplifications with conserved breakpoints. Our study sheds new light on the origin and maintenance of these alleles in An. gambiae s.l. populations, and their role in mosquito adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Namias
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Assogba
- Medical Research Council, Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Alphonsine Koffi
- National Institute of Public Health/Pierre Richet Institute, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Mylène Weill
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, 75237, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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4
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Nagi SC, Lucas ER, Egyir-Yawson A, Essandoh J, Dadzie S, Chabi J, Djogbénou LS, Medjigbodo AA, Edi CV, Ketoh GK, Koudou BG, Ashraf F, Clarkson CS, Miles A, Weetman D, Donnelly MJ. Parallel evolution in mosquito vectors - a duplicated esterase locus is associated with resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in An. gambiae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578361. [PMID: 38352547 PMCID: PMC10862845 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The primary control methods for the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, are based on insecticidal interventions. Emerging resistance to these compounds is therefore of major concern to malaria control programmes. The organophosphate, pirimiphos-methyl, is a relatively new chemical in the vector control armoury but is now widely used in indoor residual spray campaigns. Whilst generally effective, phenotypic resistance has developed in some areas in malaria vectors. Here, we used a population genomic approach to identify novel mechanisms of resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae s.l mosquitoes. In multiple populations, we found large and repeated signals of selection at a locus containing a cluster of detoxification enzymes, some of whose orthologs are known to confer resistance to organophosphates in Culex pipiens. Close examination revealed a pair of alpha-esterases, Coeae1f and Coeae2f, and a complex and diverse pattern of haplotypes under selection in An. gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis. As in Cx. pipiens, copy number variation seems to play a role in the evolution of insecticide resistance at this locus. We used diplotype clustering to examine whether these signals arise from parallel evolution or adaptive introgression. Using whole-genome sequenced phenotyped samples, we found that in West Africa, a copy number variant in Anopheles gambiae is associated with resistance to pirimiphos-methyl. Overall, we demonstrate a striking example of contemporary parallel evolution which has important implications for malaria control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay C. Nagi
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Eric R. Lucas
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - John Essandoh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Chabi
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Luc S. Djogbénou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adandé A. Medjigbodo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Constant V. Edi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Guillaume K. Ketoh
- Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo
| | - Benjamin G. Koudou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Faisal Ashraf
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Chris S. Clarkson
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Alistair Miles
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Martin J. Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1RQ, UK
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Palmateer NC, Munro JB, Nagaraj S, Crabtree J, Pelle R, Tallon L, Nene V, Bishop R, Silva JC. The Hypervariable Tpr Multigene Family of Theileria Parasites, Defined by a Conserved, Membrane-Associated, C-Terminal Domain, Includes Several Copies with Defined Orthology Between Species. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:897-911. [PMID: 38017120 PMCID: PMC10730637 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Multigene families often play an important role in host-parasite interactions. One of the largest multigene families in Theileria parva, the causative agent of East Coast fever, is the T. parva repeat (Tpr) gene family. The function of the putative Tpr proteins remains unknown. The initial publication of the T. parva reference genome identified 39 Tpr family open reading frames (ORFs) sharing a conserved C-terminal domain. Twenty-eight of these are clustered in a central region of chromosome 3, termed the "Tpr locus", while others are dispersed throughout all four nuclear chromosomes. The Tpr locus contains three of the four assembly gaps remaining in the genome, suggesting the presence of additional, as yet uncharacterized, Tpr gene copies. Here, we describe the use of long-read sequencing to attempt to close the gaps in the reference assembly of T. parva (located among multigene families clusters), characterize the full complement of Tpr family ORFs in the T. parva reference genome, and evaluate their evolutionary relationship with Tpr homologs in other Theileria species. We identify three new Tpr family genes in the T. parva reference genome and show that sequence similarity among paralogs in the Tpr locus is significantly higher than between genes outside the Tpr locus. We also identify sequences homologous to the conserved C-terminal domain in five additional Theileria species. Using these sequences, we show that the evolution of this gene family involves conservation of a few orthologs across species, combined with gene gains/losses, and species-specific expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Palmateer
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James B Munro
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sushma Nagaraj
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Crabtree
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger Pelle
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Luke Tallon
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vish Nene
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard Bishop
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Joana C Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene E Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal.
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6
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Kouamé RM, Lynd A, Kouamé JK, Vavassori L, Abo K, Donnelly MJ, Edi C, Lucas E. Widespread occurrence of copy number variants and fixation of pyrethroid target site resistance in Anopheles gambiae ( s.l.) from southern Côte d'Ivoire. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 3:100117. [PMID: 36970448 PMCID: PMC10031352 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) is conferred by a variety of genetic mutations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Knowledge of the distribution of these mutations in mosquito populations is a prerequisite for establishing better strategies for their management. In this study, a total of 755 Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from southern Côte d'Ivoire were exposed to deltamethrin or pirimiphos-methyl insecticides and were screened to assess the distribution of SNPs and CNVs known or believed to confer resistance to one or other of the insecticide classes. Most individuals from the An. gambiae (s.l.) complex were identified by molecular tests as Anopheles coluzzii. Survival to deltamethrin (from 94% to 97%) was higher than to pirimiphos-methyl (from 10% to 49%). In An. gambiae (s.s.), the SNP in the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (Vgsc) at the 995F locus (Vgsc-995F) was fixed, while other target site mutations were rare or absent (Vgsc-402L: 0%; Vgsc-1570Y: 0%, Acetylcholinesterase Acel-280S: 14%). In An. coluzzii, Vgsc-995F was the target site SNP found at highest frequency (65%) followed by other target site mutations (Vgsc-402L: 36%; Vgsc-1570Y: 0.33%; Acel-280S: 45%). The Vgsc-995S SNP was not present. The presence of the Ace1-280S SNP was found to be significantly linked to the presence of the Ace1-CNV, Ace1_AgDup. Significant association was found between the presence of the Ace1_AgDup and pirimiphos-methyl resistance in An. gambiae (s.s.) but not in An. coluzzii. The deletion Ace1_Del97 was found in one specimen of An. gambiae (s.s.). Four CNVs in the Cyp6aa/Cyp6p gene cluster, which contains genes of known importance for resistance, were detected in An. coluzzii, the most frequent being Dup 7 (42%) and Dup 14 (26%). While none of these individual CNV alleles were significantly associated with resistance, copy number in the Cyp6aa gene region in general was associated with increased resistance to deltamethrin. Elevated expression of Cyp6p3 was nearly associated with deltamethrin resistance, although there was no association of resistance with copy number. Use of alternative insecticides and control methods to arrest resistance spread in An. coluzzii populations is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M.A. Kouamé
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Amy Lynd
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jackson K.I. Kouamé
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Laura Vavassori
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kouabénan Abo
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Martin J. Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Constant Edi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Eric Lucas
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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Milesi P, Claret JL, Unal S, Weill M, Labbé P. Evolutionary trade-offs associated with copy number variations in resistance alleles in Culex pipiens mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:484. [PMID: 36550589 PMCID: PMC9783466 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides have largely been used worldwide to control mosquito populations. As a response, the same amino acid substitution in the ace-1 gene (G119S), conferring resistance to both insecticides, has been selected independently in many mosquito species. In Anopheles gambiae, it has recently been shown that the G119S mutation is actually part of homogeneous duplications that associate multiple resistance copies of the ace-1 gene. In this study, we showed that duplications of resistance copies of the ace-1 gene also exist in the Culex pipiens species complex. The number of copies is variable, and different numbers of copies are associated with different phenotypic trade-offs: we used a combination of bioassays and competition in population cages to show that having more resistance copies conferred higher resistance levels, but was also associated with higher selective disadvantage (or cost) in the absence of insecticide. These results further show the versatility of the genetic architecture of resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides around the ace-1 locus and its role in fine-tuned adaptation to insecticide treatment variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Milesi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-Loup Claret
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut Des Sciences de L’Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD- EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Cedex 05, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Unal
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut Des Sciences de L’Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD- EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Cedex 05, Montpellier, France
| | - Mylène Weill
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut Des Sciences de L’Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD- EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Cedex 05, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut Des Sciences de L’Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD- EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Cedex 05, Montpellier, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes Cedex 05, 75231 Paris, France
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Caputo B, Tondossoma N, Virgillito C, Pichler V, Serini P, Calzetta M, Manica M, Coulibaly ZI, Dia I, Akré M, Offianan A, Della Torre A. Is Côte D'Ivoire a new high hybridization zone for the two major malaria vectors, Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae (Diptera, Culicidae)? INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105215. [PMID: 35063691 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii are very closely related and recently differentiated species representing the main malaria vectors in the Afrotropical region and responsible of up to >3 infective bites/person/night in Côte D'Ivoire, where prevention and control has stagnated in recent years. The aim of the present study was to genetically and ecologically characterize An. gambiae and An. coluzzii populations from two villages of Côte D'Ivoire, lying in the coastal forest belt and 250 km inland in the Guinean savannah mosaic belt, respectively. Results reveal high frequencies of both species in both study sites and high frequencies of hybrids (4-33%) along the whole year of sampling. Consistently with observations for the well-known high hybridization zone at the far-west of the species range, hybrid frequencies were higher in the coastal village and highest when the two species occurred at more balanced frequencies, supporting the "frequency-dependent hybridization" ecological speciation theory. Pilot genotyping revealed signatures of genomic admixture in both chromosome-X and -3. Coupled with previous reports of hybrids in the region, the results point to the coastal region of Côte D'Ivoire as a possible regions of high hybridization. Preliminary characterization of parameters relevant for malaria transmission and control (e.g. possibly higher sporozoite rates and indoor biting preferences in hybrids than in the parental species) highlight the possible relevance of the breakdown of reproductive barriers between An. gambiae and An. coluzzii not only in the field of ecological evolution, but also in malaria epidemiology and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Naminata Tondossoma
- Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire; Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire; Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire; Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Serini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Calzetta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Ibrahima Dia
- Unité d'entomologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, BP 220, Senegal
| | - Maurice Akré
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Andre Offianan
- Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Heckel DG. Perspectives on gene copy number variation and pesticide resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:12-18. [PMID: 34480789 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the generation of evolutionary diversity by gene duplication has long been known, the implications for pesticide resistance are just now beginning to be appreciated. A few examples will be cited to illustrate the point that there are many variations on the theme that gene duplication does not follow a set pattern. Transposable elements may facilitate the process but the mechanistic details are obscure and unpredictable. New developments in DNA sequencing technology and genome assembly promise to reveal more examples, yet care must be taken in interpreting the results of transcriptome and genome assemblies and independent means of validation are important. Once a specific gene family is identified, special methods generally must be used to avoid underestimating population polymorphisms and being trapped in preconceptions about the simplicity of the process. © 2021 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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10
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Lee DE, Kim HC, Chong ST, Klein TA, Kim JH, Lee SH. Prediction of species composition ratios in pooled specimens of the Anopheles Hyrcanus group using quantitative sequencing. Malar J 2021; 20:338. [PMID: 34362388 PMCID: PMC8349024 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax is transmitted by members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group that includes six species in the Republic of Korea: Anopheles sinensis sensu stricto (s.s.), Anopheles pullus, Anopheles kleini, Anopheles belenrae, Anopheles lesteri, and Anopheles sineroides. Individual Anopheles species within the Hyrcanus Group demonstrate differences in their geographical distributions, vector competence and insecticide resistance, making it crucial for accurate species identification. Conventional species identification conducted using individual genotyping (or barcoding) based on species-specific molecular markers requires extensive time commitment and financial resources. Results A population-based quantitative sequencing (QS) protocol developed in this study provided a rapid estimate of species composition ratios among pooled mosquitoes as a cost-effective alternative to individual genotyping. This can be accomplished by using species- or group-specific nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region as species identification alleles in a two-step prediction protocol. Standard genomic DNA fragments of COI and ITS2 genes were amplified from each Anopheles species using group-specific universal primer sets. Following sequencing of the COI or ITS2 amplicons generated from sets of standard DNA mixtures, equations were generated via linear regression to predict species-specific nucleotide sequence frequencies at different positions. Species composition ratios between An. sineroides, An. pullus and An. lesteri were estimated from QS of the COI amplicons based on the mC.260A, mC.122C and mC.525C alleles at the first step, followed by the prediction of species composition ratios between An. sinensis, An. kleini and An. belenrae based on QS of the ITS2 amplicons using the rI.370G and rI.389T alleles. The COI copy number was not significantly different between species, suggesting the reliability of COI-based prediction. In contrast, ITS2 showed a slightly but significantly higher copy number in An. belenrae, requiring an adjustment of its predicted composition ratio. A blind test proved that predicted species composition ratios either from pooled DNA specimens or pooled mosquito specimens were not statistically different from the actual values, demonstrating that the QS-based prediction is accurate and reliable. Conclusions This two-step prediction protocol will facilitate rapid estimation of the species composition ratios in field-collected Anopheles Hyrcanus Group populations and is particularly useful for studying the vector ecology of Anopheles population and epidemiology of malaria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03868-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Eun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Unit 15281, APO, 96271-5281, AP, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Unit 15281, APO, 96271-5281, AP, USA
| | - Terry A Klein
- Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Unit 15281, APO, 96271-5281, AP, USA
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Grau-Bové X, Lucas E, Pipini D, Rippon E, van ‘t Hof AE, Constant E, Dadzie S, Egyir-Yawson A, Essandoh J, Chabi J, Djogbénou L, Harding NJ, Miles A, Kwiatkowski D, Donnelly MJ, Weetman D. Resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in West African Anopheles is spreading via duplication and introgression of the Ace1 locus. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009253. [PMID: 33476334 PMCID: PMC7853456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector population control using insecticides is a key element of current strategies to prevent malaria transmission in Africa. The introduction of effective insecticides, such as the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl, is essential to overcome the recurrent emergence of resistance driven by the highly diverse Anopheles genomes. Here, we use a population genomic approach to investigate the basis of pirimiphos-methyl resistance in the major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and A. coluzzii. A combination of copy number variation and a single non-synonymous substitution in the acetylcholinesterase gene, Ace1, provides the key resistance diagnostic in an A. coluzzii population from Côte d'Ivoire that we used for sequence-based association mapping, with replication in other West African populations. The Ace1 substitution and duplications occur on a unique resistance haplotype that evolved in A. gambiae and introgressed into A. coluzzii, and is now common in West Africa primarily due to selection imposed by other organophosphate or carbamate insecticides. Our findings highlight the predictive value of this complex resistance haplotype for phenotypic resistance and clarify its evolutionary history, providing tools to for molecular surveillance of the current and future effectiveness of pirimiphos-methyl based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Grau-Bové
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Lucas
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitra Pipini
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Rippon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Arjèn E. van ‘t Hof
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edi Constant
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - John Essandoh
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Joseph Chabi
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Luc Djogbénou
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Nicholas J. Harding
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Miles
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Kwiatkowski
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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12
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Assogba BS, Pasteur N, Makoundou P, Unal S, Baba-Moussa L, Labbé P, Weill M. Dynamic of resistance alleles of two major insecticide targets in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) populations from Benin, West Africa. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:134. [PMID: 32171326 PMCID: PMC7071764 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-4006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance is a growing concern for malaria control and vector control effectiveness relies on assessing it distribution and understanding its evolution. METHODS We assessed resistance levels and the frequencies of two major target-site mutations, L1014F-VGSC and G119S-ace-1, conferring resistance to pyrethroids (PYRs) and carbamates/organophosphates (CXs/OPs) insecticides. These data were compared to those acquired between 2006 and 2010 to follow resistance evolutionary trends over ten years. RESULTS We report the results of a 3-year survey (2013-2015) of insecticide resistance in 13 localities across the whole country of Benin. Permethrin (PYR) resistance was found in all populations tested, L1014F-VGSC being almost fixed everywhere, while bendiocarb resistance was limited to a few localities, G119S-ace-1 remaining rare, with very limited variations during surveyed period. Interestingly, we found no effect of the type of insecticide pressure on the dynamics of these mutations. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm both the high prevalence of PYR resistance and the potential of CXs/OPs as short- to medium-term alternatives in Benin. They also underline the need for regular resistance monitoring and informed management in their usage, as the G119S-ace-1 mutation is already present in Benin and surrounding countries. Their unwise usage would rapidly lead to its spread, which would jeopardize PYR-resistant Anopheles control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît S. Assogba
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS-IRD-EPHE-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie, Université d’Abomey Calavi, 05 BP 1604, Cotonou, Benin
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d’Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 918, Cotonou, Benin
- Disease Control and Elimination Department, Medical Research Council, Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Nicole Pasteur
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS-IRD-EPHE-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Makoundou
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS-IRD-EPHE-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Unal
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS-IRD-EPHE-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie, Université d’Abomey Calavi, 05 BP 1604, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS-IRD-EPHE-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mylène Weill
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS-IRD-EPHE-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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13
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Ruzzante L, Reijnders MJ, Waterhouse RM. Of Genes and Genomes: Mosquito Evolution and Diversity. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:32-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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