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Gu YQ, Wu J, Wang T, Yu YF, Han J, Chen YL, Hu XL, Wu M, Hu H, Zhang WP, Lu YB, Jiang B. PINK1 deficiency alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Cell Signal 2025; 133:111868. [PMID: 40373838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/17/2025]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disorder marked by deteriorating dyspnea and declining pulmonary function. Despite its rising prevalence and incidence, therapeutic options remain limited. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), known for its role in PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, contributes to the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. In this study, we elucidate a previously unrecognized mechanism of PINK1, beyond its canonical mitophagy function, during pulmonary fibrosis. We established a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in Pink1 knockout (Pink1-/-) mice and treated BEAS-2B cells with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) to simulate the microenvironment of pulmonary fibrosis. A significant elevation in PINK1 expression was observed in vivo and in vitro systems. While PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy was activated, mitophagy mediated by BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and FUN14 domain-containing 1 (FUNDC1) was suppressed. Further experiments in carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)-treated PINK1 knockout (KO) HEK293 cells and YFP-Parkin-expressing HeLa cells demonstrated that PINK1 deficiency enhanced BNIP3- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy, whereas PINK1 overexpression inhibited it. Moreover, dual BNIP3/FUNDC1 knockdown significantly reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of PINK1 KO. We conclude that PINK1 deficiency promotes the clearance of damaged mitochondria via BNIP3/FUNDC1 upregulation, preserving mitochondrial homeostasis, mitigating alveolar epithelial injury, and attenuating fibrosis. Thus, PINK1 may inhibit BNIP3- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy besides driving PINK1-dependent mitophagy during pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun-Bi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Peng Y, Jiang DY, Yao SY, Zhang X, Kazuo S, Liu J, Du MQ, Lin LX, Chen Q, Jin H. Gene-modified animal models of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2025; 390:115287. [PMID: 40328415 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that commonly occurs in older individuals and clinically manifests as resting tremors, bradykinesia, muscle stiffness, and impaired postural balance. From a genetic perspective, animal models using gene-editing technologies offer distinct advantages in replicating the pathophysiological traits of PD, while also functionally exploring potential treatment targets. In this review, we highlight the available gene- modified animal models related to various mechanisms of PD, including abnormal expression of alpha-synuclein protein, dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosome system, abnormalities in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We further discuss their respective strengths, limitations, and prospects, aiming to provide the most up to date information for the application of PD animal models and the advancement of anti-PD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China.; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China..
| | - Dai-Yi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China.; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China.; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Sugimoto Kazuo
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miao-Qiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China.; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Lan-Xin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China.; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China.; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China.; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
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3
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Li N, Chen Y, Xia X, Mao C, Wan M. Progress of nanomaterials in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. J Mater Chem B 2025; 13:6021-6043. [PMID: 40331910 DOI: 10.1039/d5tb00471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Medical or surgical interventions are commonly used to alleviate the clinical symptoms of individuals suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD), but global morbidity and mortality remain high. This is due to the complexity of disease progression and the pathological basis of IHD, which primarily includes myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and heart failure (HF), as well as underlying mechanisms, such as mitochondrial damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte death. However, many drugs have limitations, such as poor stability and low bioavailability, and surgical strategies are often ineffective in preventing disease recurrence. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop effective drug delivery systems and technologies. Due to their advantages in enhancing drug utilization, nanomaterials are being used to control drug biodistribution and achieve targeted accumulation, addressing the therapeutic needs of IHD. In this work, we first described the clinical aspects of MI, IRI, and HF in the context of IHD as well as their shared pathological origins. Next, clinical interventional procedures for IHD are summarized. Finally, recent developments in the use of nanomaterials for the treatment of MI, IRI, and HF are highlighted, along with potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Transvascular Implantation Devices Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xue Xia
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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McGill Percy KC, Liu Z, Qi X. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Guiding the path to targeted therapies. Neurotherapeutics 2025; 22:e00525. [PMID: 39827052 PMCID: PMC12047401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, driven by impairments in mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms. MQC is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial integrity through processes such as proteostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and precise communication with other subcellular organelles. In AD, disruptions in these processes lead to bioenergetic failure, gene dysregulation, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, neuroinflammation, and lipid homeostasis impairment, further exacerbating neurodegeneration. This review elucidates the molecular pathways involved in MQC and their pathological relevance in AD, highlighting recent discoveries related to mitochondrial mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including gene therapy and pharmacological interventions, offering new avenues for slowing AD progression. The complex interplay between mitochondrial health and neurodegeneration underscores the need for innovative approaches to restore mitochondrial function and mitigate the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C McGill Percy
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zunren Liu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Research and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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5
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Liu Y, Huang W, Wen J, Xiong X, Xu T, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhao X, Li S, Li X, Yang W. Differential distribution of PINK1 and Parkin in the primate brain implies distinct roles. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1124-1134. [PMID: 38989951 PMCID: PMC11438320 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00028/figure1/v/2024-07-06T104127Z/r/image-tiff The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration. However, it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin are expressed in mammalian brains. This has been difficult to address because of the intrinsically low levels of PINK1 and undetectable levels of phosphorylated Parkin in small animals. Understanding this issue is critical for elucidating the in vivo roles of PINK1 and Parkin. Recently, we showed that the PINK1 kinase is selectively expressed as a truncated form (PINK1-55) in the primate brain. In the present study, we used multiple antibodies, including our recently developed monoclonal anti-PINK1, to validate the selective expression of PINK1 in the primate brain. We found that PINK1 was stably expressed in the monkey brain at postnatal and adulthood stages, which is consistent with the findings that depleting PINK1 can cause neuronal loss in developing and adult monkey brains. PINK1 was enriched in the membrane-bound fractionations, whereas Parkin was soluble with a distinguishable distribution. Immunofluorescent double staining experiments showed that PINK1 and Parkin did not colocalize under physiological conditions in cultured monkey astrocytes, though they did colocalize on mitochondria when the cells were exposed to mitochondrial stress. These findings suggest that PINK1 and Parkin may have distinct roles beyond their well-known function in mitophagy during mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Cervellati F, Benedusi M, Casoni A, Trinchera G, Vallese A, Ferrara F, Pietrogrande MC, Valacchi G. Effect of Cu- and Fe- Isolated from Environmental Particulate Matter on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Human Colon CaCo-2 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04497-7. [PMID: 39738852 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the most dangerous air pollutants of anthropogenic origin; it consists of a heterogeneous mixture of inorganic and organic components, including transition metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Although previous studies have focused on the effects of exposure to highly concentrated PM on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, emerging evidence supports a significant impact of air pollution on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by linking exposure to external stressors with conditions such as appendicitis, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. In general, it has been hypothesized that the main mechanism involved in PM toxicity consists of an inflammatory response and this has also been suggested for the GI tract. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of specific redox-active PM components, such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), in human intestinal cells focusing on ultrastructural integrity, redox homeostasis, and modulation of some mitochondrial-related markers. According to our results, exposure to Cu- and Fe-PM components and their combination induced ultrastructural alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the mitochondria with an additive effect when combined. The increase in ROS and the loss of the mitochondrial mass in the cells exposed to PM indicates that mitochondria are a target of acute metal exposure. Furthermore, the gene expression and the protein levels of mitochondria dynamics markers were affected by the PM exposure. In particular, OPA1 increases at both gene and protein levels in all conditions while Mitofusin1 decreases significantly only in the presence of Fe. The increase in PINK expression is modulated by Fe, while Cu seems to affect mainly Parkin. Finally, a significant decrease in trans-epithelial resistance was also observed. In general, our study can confirm the correlation observed between pollution exposure areas and increased incidence of GI tract conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cervellati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Casoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Trinchera
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Vallese
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pietrogrande
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Wankhede NL, Rajendra Kopalli S, Dhokne MD, Badnag DJ, Chandurkar PA, Mangrulkar SV, Shende PV, Taksande BG, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Koppula S, Kale MB. Decoding mitochondrial quality control mechanisms: Identifying treatment targets for enhanced cellular health. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101926. [PMID: 38944367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are singular cell organelles essential for many cellular functions, which includes responding to stress, regulating calcium levels, maintaining protein homeostasis, and coordinating apoptosis response. The vitality of cells, therefore, hinges on the optimal functioning of these dynamic organelles. Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms (MQCM) play a pivotal role in ensuring the integrity and functionality of mitochondria. Perturbations in these mechanisms have been closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Compelling evidence suggests that targeting specific pathways within the MQCM could potentially offer a therapeutic avenue for rescuing mitochondrial integrity and mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The intricate interplay of cellular stress, protein misfolding, and impaired quality control mechanisms provides a nuanced understanding of the underlying pathology. Consequently, unravelling the specific MQCM dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders becomes paramount for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. This review delves into the impaired MQCM pathways implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and explores emerging therapeutic interventions. By shedding light on pharmaceutical and genetic manipulations aimed at restoring MQCM efficiency, the discussion aims to provide insights into novel strategies for ameliorating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding and addressing mitochondrial quality control mechanisms not only underscore their significance in cellular health but also offer a promising frontier for advancing therapeutic approaches in the realm of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mrunali D Dhokne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh (UP) - 226002, India.
| | - Dishant J Badnag
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Pranali A Chandurkar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Shubhada V Mangrulkar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Prajwali V Shende
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad- 423101, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee- 441002, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Morandini AC, Ramos-Junior ES. Mitochondrial function in oral health and disease. J Immunol Methods 2024; 532:113729. [PMID: 39067635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control in tissues is a crucial aspect of understanding cellular health and dysfunction, which may inform about the pathogenesis of several conditions associated with aging, including chronic inflammatory conditions, neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases. This process involves assessing the functionality, integrity, and abundance of mitochondria within cells. Several lines of evidence have explored techniques and methods for monitoring mitochondrial quality control in tissues. In this review, we summarize and provide our perspective considering the latest evidence in mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control in oral health and disease with a particular focus in periodontal inflammation. This research is significant for gaining insights into cellular health and the pathophysiology of periodontal disease, a dysbiosis-related, immune mediated and age-associated chronic condition representing a significant burden to US elderly population. Approaches for assessing mitochondrial health status reviewed here include assessing mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, electron transport chain function and metabolomics. Such assessments help researchers comprehend the role of mitochondrial function in cellular homeostasis and its implications for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Morandini
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Erivan S Ramos-Junior
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Gurubaran IS. Mitochondrial damage and clearance in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102 Suppl 282:3-53. [PMID: 38467968 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating eye disease that causes permanent vision loss in the central part of the retina, known as the macula. Patients with such severe visual loss face a reduced quality of life and are at a 1.5 times greater risk of death compared to the general population. Currently, there is no cure for or effective treatment for dry AMD. There are several mechanisms thought to underlie the disease, for example, ageing-associated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, harmful protein aggregation and inflammation. As a way of gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind AMD and thus developing new therapies, we have created a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PGC1α/NFE2L2) double-knockout (dKO) mouse model that mimics many of the clinical features of dry AMD, including elevated levels of oxidative stress markers, damaged mitochondria, accumulating lysosomal lipofuscin and extracellular drusen-like structures in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). In addition, a human RPE cell-based model was established to examine the impact of non-functional intracellular clearance systems on inflammasome activation. In this study, we found that there was a disturbance in the autolysosomal machinery responsible for clearing mitochondria in the RPE cells of one-year-old PGC1α/NFE2L2-deficient mice. The confocal immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in autophagosome marker microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) as well as multiple mitophagy markers such as PTE-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitin ligase (PARKIN), along with signs of damaged mitochondria. However, no increase in autolysosome formation was detected, nor was there a colocalization of the lysosomal marker LAMP2 or the mitochondrial marker, ATP synthase β. There was an upregulation of late autolysosomal fusion Ras-related protein (Rab7) in the perinuclear space of RPE cells, together with autofluorescent aggregates. Additionally, we observed an increase in the numbers of Toll-like receptors 3 and 9, while those of NOD-like receptor 3 were decreased in PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retinal specimens compared to wild-type animals. There was a trend towards increased complement component C5a and increased involvement of the serine protease enzyme, thrombin, in enhancing the terminal pathway producing C5a, independent of C3. The levels of primary acute phase C-reactive protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products were also increased in the PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retina. Furthermore, selective proteasome inhibition with epoxomicin promoted both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA to the cytosol, resulting in potassium efflux-dependent activation of the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome and the subsequent secretion of interleukin-1β in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that there is at least a relative decrease in mitophagy, increases in the amounts of C5 and thrombin and decreased C3 levels in this dry AMD-like model. Moreover, selective proteasome inhibition evoked mitochondrial damage and AIM2 inflammasome activation in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswariyaraja Sridevi Gurubaran
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, University of Eastern Finland Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland
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10
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Yao MF, Dang T, Wang HJ, Zhu XZ, Qiao C. Mitochondrial homeostasis regulation: A promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114811. [PMID: 38103871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites (LNs) which consist of α-synuclein (α-syn) and a complex mix of other biomolecules. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely believed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. But mitochondrial dysfunction is subject to complex genetic regulation. There is increasing evidence that PD-related genes directly or indirectly affect mitochondrial integrity. Therefore, targeted regulation of mitochondrial function has great clinical application prospects in the treatment of PD. However, lots of PD drugs targeting mitochondria have been developed but their clinical therapeutic effects are not ideal. This review aims to reveal the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases based on the mitochondrial structure and function, which may highlight potential interventions and therapeutic targets for the development of PD drugs to recover mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fan Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Tao Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hua-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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11
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de Araújo FM, Cuenca-Bermejo L, Fernández-Villalba E, Costa SL, Silva VDA, Herrero MT. Role of Microgliosis and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:1283-1300. [PMID: 33387119 PMCID: PMC11421755 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked primarily by motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and resting tremor associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and deficit of dopamine in the basal ganglia. These motor symptoms can be preceded by pre-motor symptoms whose recognition can be useful to apply different strategies to evaluate risk, early diagnosis and prevention of PD progression. Although clinical characteristics of PD are well defined, its pathogenesis is still not completely known, what makes discoveries of therapies capable of curing patients difficult to be reached. Several theories about the cause of idiopathic PD have been investigated and among them, the key role of inflammation, microglia and the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of PD has been considered. In this review, we describe the role and relation of both the inflammasome and microglial activation with the pathogenesis, symptoms, progression and the possibilities for new therapeutic strategies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipe M de Araújo
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emiliano Fernández-Villalba
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia L Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Victor Diogenes A Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Maria Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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12
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Di Domenico F, Lanzillotta C. The disturbance of protein synthesis/degradation homeostasis is a common trait of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 132:49-87. [PMID: 36088079 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis or "proteostasis" represent the process that regulates the balance of the intracellular functional and "healthy" proteins. Proteostasis is fundamental to preserve physiological metabolic processes in the cell and it allow to respond to any given stimulus as the expression of components of the proteostasis network is customized according to the proteomic demands of different cellular environments. In conditions that promote unfolding/misfolding of proteins chaperones act as signaling molecules inducing extreme measures to either fix the problem or destroy unfolded proteins. When the chaperone machinery fails under pathological insults unfolded proteins induce the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery. The activation of the UPR restores ER proteostasis primarily through the transcriptional remodeling of ER protein folding, trafficking, and degradation pathways, such as the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). If these mechanisms do not manage to clear the aberrant proteins, proteasome overload and become defective, and misfolded proteins may form aggregates thus extending the UPR mechanism. These aggregates are then attempted to be cleared by macroautophagy. Impaired proteostasis promote the accumulation of misfolded proteins that exacerbate the damage to chaperones, surveillance systems and/or degradative activities. Remarkably, the removal of toxic misfolded proteins is critical for all cells, but it is especially significant in neurons since these cannot be readily replaced. In neurons, the maintenance of efficient proteostasis is essential to healthy aging since the dysregulation of the proteostasis network can lead to neurodegenerative disease. Each of these brain pathologies is characterized by the repeated misfolding of one of more peculiar proteins, which evade both the protein folding machinery and cellular degradation mechanisms and begins to form aggregates that nucleate out into large fibrillar aggregates. In this chapter we describe the mechanisms, associated with faulty proteostasis, that promote the formation of protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils, intracellular, and extracellular inclusions in the most common nondegenerative disorders also referred to as protein misfolding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Vargas JNS, Sleigh JN, Schiavo G. Coupling axonal mRNA transport and local translation to organelle maintenance and function. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 74:97-103. [PMID: 35220080 PMCID: PMC10477965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal homeostasis requires the transport of various organelles to distal compartments and defects in this process lead to neurological disorders. Although several mechanisms for the delivery of organelles to axons and dendrites have been elucidated, exactly how this process is orchestrated is not well-understood. In this review, we discuss the recent literature supporting a novel paradigm - the co-shuttling of mRNAs with different membrane-bound organelles. This model postulates that the tethering of ribonucleoprotein complexes to endolysosomes and mitochondria allows for the spatiotemporal coupling of organelle transport and the delivery of transcripts to axons. Subcellular translation of these "hitchhiking" transcripts may thus provide a proximal source of proteins required for the maintenance and function of organelles in axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Norberto S Vargas
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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14
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Hu D, Liu Z, Qi X. Mitochondrial Quality Control Strategies: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:746873. [PMID: 34867159 PMCID: PMC8633545 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.746873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence have indicated the therapeutic potential of rescuing mitochondrial integrity by targeting specific mitochondrial quality control pathways in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to ATP synthesis, mitochondria are critical regulators of ROS production, lipid metabolism, calcium buffering, and cell death. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy are the three main quality control mechanisms responsible for maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis and bioenergetics. The proper functioning of these complex processes is necessary to surveil and restore mitochondrial homeostasis and the healthy pool of mitochondria in cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early and causally in disease pathogenesis. A significant accumulation of mitochondrial damage resulting from compromised quality control pathways leads to the development of neuropathology. Moreover, genetic or pharmaceutical manipulation targeting the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms can sufficiently rescue mitochondrial integrity and ameliorate disease progression. Thus, therapies that can improve mitochondrial quality control have great promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the field that underscores the essential role of impaired mitochondrial quality control pathways in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the translational approaches targeting mitochondrial function, with a focus on the restoration of mitochondrial integrity, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zunren Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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15
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Mani S, Sevanan M, Krishnamoorthy A, Sekar S. A systematic review of molecular approaches that link mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4459-4469. [PMID: 34480241 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1% of the population worldwide. Etiology of PD is likely to be multi-factorial such as protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation that contributes to the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), numerous studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in the dopaminergic neuronal loss. In multiple ways, the two most important are the activation of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, while mitochondrial dysfunction could cause neuroinflammation and vice versa. Thus, the mitochondrial proteins are the highly promising target for the development of PD. However, the limited amount of dopaminergic neurons prevented the detailed investigation of Parkinson's disease with regard to mitochondrial dysfunction. Both genetic and environmental factors are also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and PD pathogenesis. The induction of PD by neurotoxins that inhibit mitochondrial complex I provide direct evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction to PD. A decrease of mitochondrial complex I activity is observed in PD brain and in neurotoxin- or genetic factor-induced in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1 and LRRK2 mitochondrial PD gene products have important roles in mitophagy, a cellular process that clear damaged mitochondria. This review paper would discuss the evidence for the mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugumar Mani
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India.
| | | | - Sathiya Sekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.M.G.R Educational Research Institute, Chennai, India
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16
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Giordani C, Silvestrini A, Giuliani A, Olivieri F, Rippo MR. MicroRNAs as Factors in Bidirectional Crosstalk Between Mitochondria and the Nucleus During Cellular Senescence. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734976. [PMID: 34566699 PMCID: PMC8458936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that generate most of the chemical energy to power the cell through ATP production, thus regulating cell homeostasis. Although mitochondria have their own independent genome, most of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. An extensive bidirectional communication network between mitochondria and the nucleus has been discovered, thus making them semi-autonomous organelles. The nucleus-to-mitochondria signaling pathway, called Anterograde Signaling Pathway can be deduced, since the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus, less is known about the opposite pathway, the so-called mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathway. Several studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs are essential "messengers" of this communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria and that they might have a central role in the coordination of important mitochondrial biological processes. In particular, the finding of numerous miRNAs in mitochondria, also known as mitomiRs, enabled insights into their role in mitochondrial gene transcription. MitomiRs could act as important mediators of this complex crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria. Mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for the physiological processes of the cell. Disruption at any stage in their metabolism, dynamics and bioenergetics could lead to the production of considerable amounts of reactive oxygen species and increased mitochondrial permeability, which are among the hallmarks of cellular senescence. Extensive changes in mitomiR expression and distribution have been demonstrated in senescent cells, those could possibly lead to an alteration in mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we discuss the emerging putative roles of mitomiRs in the bidirectional communication pathways between mitochondria and the nucleus, with a focus on the senescence-associated mitomiRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giordani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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17
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Kato Y, Sakamoto K. Niclosamide affects intracellular TDP-43 distribution in motor neurons, activates mitophagy, and attenuates morphological changes under stress. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:640-650. [PMID: 34429248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron loss in the brain and spinal cord; however, its etiology is unknown, and no curative treatment exists. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), encoded by TARDBP, is a genetic mutation observed in 2-5% of familial ALS, and TDP is known to be mislocalized in the cytoplasm. This study aimed to identify compounds that inhibited the nuclear to cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43 in human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells-derived neurons. TDP-43 transgenic human iPS cells were constructed, differentiated into motor neurons, and then treated with MG-132 and sodium arsenite (stressors) to induce nuclear to cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43. STAT3 inhibitors, such as niclosamide, prevented TDP-43 mislocalization and degraded TDP-43 aggregates, and attenuated morphological changes under stress. Furthermore, niclosamide activated mitophagy via the PINK1-parkin-ubiquitin pathway. These findings suggest niclosamide may be a therapeutic candidate for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Discovery Technology Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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18
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Cho HM, Cho JY. Cardiomyocyte Death and Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1264-1279. [PMID: 33492627 PMCID: PMC8316208 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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19
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Goulding SR, Lévesque M, Sullivan AM, Collins LM, O'Keeffe GW. Quinacrine and Niclosamide Promote Neurite Growth in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Through the Canonical BMP-Smad Pathway and Protect Against Neurotoxin and α-Synuclein-Induced Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3405-3416. [PMID: 33713017 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration, and intracellular α-synuclein aggregation. Current pharmacological treatments are solely symptomatic so there is a need to identify agents that can slow or stop dopaminergic degeneration. One proposed class of therapeutics are neurotrophic factors which promote the survival of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. However, neurotrophic factors need to be delivered directly to the brain. An alternative approach may be to identify pharmacological agents which can reach the brain to stimulate neurotrophic factor expression and/or their signalling pathways in dopaminergic neurons. BMP2 is a neurotrophic factor that is expressed in the human substantia nigra; exogenous BMP2 administration protects against dopaminergic degeneration in in vitro models of PD. In this study, we investigated the neurotrophic potential of two FDA-approved drugs, quinacrine and niclosamide, that are modulators of BMP2 signalling. We report that quinacrine and niclosamide, like BMP2, significantly increased neurite length, as a readout of neurotrophic action, in SH-SY5Y cells and dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures of rat ventral mesencephalon. We also show that these effects of quinacrine and niclosamide require the activation of BMP-Smad signalling. Finally, we demonstrate that quinacrine and niclosamide are neuroprotective against degeneration induced by the neurotoxins, MPP+ and 6-OHDA, and by viral-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein in vitro. Collectively, this study identifies two drugs, that are safe for use in patients' to 'are approved for human use, that exert neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic neurons through modulation of BMP-Smad signalling. This rationalises the further study of drugs that target the BMP-Smad pathway as potential neuroprotective pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Goulding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin Lévesque
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Cervo Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise M Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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20
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Kim SH, Shin HJ, Yoon CM, Lee SW, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Kang MJ. PINK1 Inhibits Multimeric Aggregation and Signaling of MAVS and MAVS-Dependent Lung Pathology. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:592-603. [PMID: 33577398 PMCID: PMC8086043 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0490oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important signaling organelles where intracellular perturbations are integrated and, consequently, intracellular signaling pathways are modulated to execute appropriate cellular functions. MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein) represents such an example that functions as a platform molecule to mediate mitochondrial innate immune signaling. Recently, multimeric aggregation of MAVS has been identified as a key molecular process for its signaling. The underlying mechanisms to regulate this, however, are still incompletely understood. We hypothesized that PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) plays an important role in the regulation of multimeric MAVS aggregation and its consequent pathobiology. To test whether PINK1 interacts with MAVS, bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and IP were performed. RLH (RIG-I-like helicase) and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling were evaluated by in vitro assay. In vivo functional significance of PINK1 in the regulation of MAVS signaling was evaluated from both murine modeling of influenza viral infection and bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis, wherein MAVS plays important roles. Multimeric MAVS aggregation was induced by mitochondria dysfunction, and, during this event, the stabilized PINK1 interacted physically with MAVS and antagonized multimeric MAVS aggregation. Accordingly, the MAVS-mediated antiviral innate immune and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling were enhanced in PINK1 deficiency. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that MAVS-mediated pulmonary antiviral innate immune responses and fibrotic responses after bleomycin injury were enhanced in PINK1 deficiency. In conclusion, these results establish a new role of PINK1 in the regulation of MAVS signaling and the consequent pulmonary pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hyeon Jun Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Chang Min Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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21
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Dai K, Radin DP, Leonardi D. Deciphering the dual role and prognostic potential of PINK1 across cancer types. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:659-665. [PMID: 33063717 PMCID: PMC8067949 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and deregulation of the cell cycle are hallmarks shared by many cancers. Concerted mutations in key tumor suppressor genes, such as PTEN, and oncogenes predispose cancer cells for marked utilization of resources to fuel accelerated cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mounting research has demonstrated that PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) acts as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis in several cancer types, a function that also extends to the regulation of tumor cell proliferative capacity. In addition, involvement of PINK1 in modulating inflammatory responses has been highlighted by recent studies, further expounding PINK1's multifunctional nature. This review discusses the oncogenic roles of PINK1 in multiple tumor cell types, with an emphasis on maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, while also evaluating literature suggesting a dual oncolytic mechanism based on PINK1's modulation of the Warburg effect. From a clinical standpoint, its expression may also dictate the response to genotoxic stressors commonly used to treat multiple malignancies. By detailing the evidence suggesting that PINK1 possesses distinct prognostic value in the clinical setting and reviewing the duality of PINK1 function in a context-dependent manner, we present avenues for future studies of this dynamic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel P. Radin
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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22
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Picca A, Calvani R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Marzetti E. Cell Death and Inflammation: The Role of Mitochondria in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030537. [PMID: 33802550 PMCID: PMC7998762 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as a hub for a multitude of vital cellular processes. To ensure an efficient deployment of mitochondrial tasks, organelle homeostasis needs to be preserved. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms (i.e., mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, proteostasis, and autophagy) are in place to safeguard organelle integrity and functionality. Defective MQC has been reported in several conditions characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. In this context, the displacement of mitochondrial components, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), into the extracellular compartment is a possible factor eliciting an innate immune response. The presence of bacterial-like CpG islands in mtDNA makes this molecule recognized as a damaged-associated molecular pattern by the innate immune system. Following cell death-triggering stressors, mtDNA can be released from the cell and ignite inflammation via several pathways. Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis has emerged as a pivotal factor for the regulation of mtDNA release, cell’s fate, and inflammation. The repression of mtDNA-mediated interferon production, a powerful driver of immunological cell death, is also regulated by autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk. Interferon production during mtDNA-mediated inflammation may be exploited for the elimination of dying cells and their conversion into elements driving anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(06)-3015-5559; Fax: +39-(06)-3051-911
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Sarkar A, Stellrecht CM, Vangapandu HV, Ayres M, Kaipparettu BA, Park JH, Balakrishnan K, Burks JK, Pandita TK, Hittelman WN, Neelapu SS, Gandhi V. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated interacts with Parkin and induces mitophagy independent of kinase activity. Evidence from mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2021; 106:495-512. [PMID: 32029507 PMCID: PMC7849759 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.234385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a critical DNA damage sensor with protein kinase activity, is frequently altered in human cancers including mantle cell lymphoma. Loss of ATM protein is linked to accumulation of nonfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy in both murine thymocytes and in ataxia-telangiectasia cells. However, the mechanistic role of ATM kinase in cancer cell mitophagy is unknown. Here, we provide evidence that FCCP-induced mitophagy in mantle cell lymphoma and other cancer cell lines is dependent on ATM but independent of its kinase function. While Granta-519 mantle cell lymphoma cells possess single copy kinase-dead ATM and are resistant to FCCP-induced mitophagy, both Jeko-1 and Mino cells are ATMproficient and induce mitophagy. Stable knockdown of ATM in Jeko-1 and Mino cells conferred resistance to mitophagy and was associated with reduced ATP production, oxygen consumption, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. ATM interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin in a kinase-independent manner. Knockdown of ATM in HeLa cells resulted in proteasomal degradation of GFP-Parkin which was rescued by the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, suggesting that the ATMParkin interaction is important for Parkin stability. Neither loss of ATM kinase activity in primary B-cell lymphomas nor inhibition of ATM kinase in mantle cell lymphoma, ataxia-telangiectasia and HeLa cell lines mitigated FCCP- or CCCP-induced mitophagy suggesting that ATM kinase activity is dispensable for mitophagy. Malignant B-cell lymphomas without detectable ATM, Parkin, Pink1, and Parkin-UbSer65 phosphorylation were resistant to mitophagy, providing the first molecular evidence of the role of ATM in mitophagy in mantle cell lymphoma and other B-cell lymphomas.
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24
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Wang BY, Ye YY, Qian C, Zhang HB, Mao HX, Yao LP, Sun X, Lu GH, Zhang SZ. Stress increases MHC-I expression in dopaminergic neurons and induces autoimmune activation in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2521-2527. [PMID: 33907043 PMCID: PMC8374590 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), a key antigen-presenting protein, can be induced in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, thus indicating its possible involvement in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease. However, it remains unclear whether oxidative stress induces Parkinson's disease through the MHC-I pathway. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to determine the expression of MHC-I in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. The findings revealed that MHC-I was expressed in both models. To detect whether the expression of MHC-I was able to trigger the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, immunofluorescence staining was used to detect cytotoxic cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ T cell infiltration in the substantia nigra of MPTP-treated mice. The results indicated that the presentation of MHC-I in dopaminergic neurons was indeed accompanied by an increase in the number of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice, the genetic knockdown of endogenous MHC-I, which was caused by injecting specific adenovirus into the substantia nigra, led to a significant reduction in CD8+ T cell infiltration and alleviated dopaminergic neuronal death. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced MHC-I presentation, the expression of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) was silenced in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), and there was more presentation of MHC-I in these cells compared with control siRNA-treated cells. Taken together, MPP+-/MPTP-induced oxidative stress can trigger MHC-I presentation and autoimmune activation, thus rendering dopaminergic neurons susceptible to immune cells and degeneration. This may be one of the mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced Parkinson's disease, and implies the potential neuroprotective role of PINK1 in oxidative stress-induced MHC-I presentation. All animal experiments were approved by the Southern Medical University Ethics Committee (No. 81802040, approved on February 25, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yan Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Yi Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chen Qian
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Heng-Xu Mao
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long-Ping Yao
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Hui Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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Lin TK, Lin KJ, Lin KL, Liou CW, Chen SD, Chuang YC, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Wang TJ. When Friendship Turns Sour: Effective Communication Between Mitochondria and Intracellular Organelles in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607392. [PMID: 33330511 PMCID: PMC7733999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with pathological hallmarks including progressive neuronal loss from the substantia nigra pars compacta and α-synuclein intraneuronal inclusions, known as Lewy bodies. Although the etiology of PD remains elusive, mitochondrial damage has been established to take center stage in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondria are critical to cellular energy production, metabolism, homeostasis, and stress responses; the association with PD emphasizes the importance of maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity. To accomplish the pleiotropic functions, mitochondria are dynamic not only within their own network but also in orchestrated coordination with other organelles in the cellular community. Through physical contact sites, signal transduction, and vesicle transport, mitochondria and intracellular organelles achieve the goals of calcium homeostasis, redox homeostasis, protein homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Herein, we review the finely tuned interactions between mitochondria and surrounding intracellular organelles, with focus on the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. Participants that may contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of PD will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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26
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Goyal S, Chaturvedi RK. Mitochondrial Protein Import Dysfunction in Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1418-1437. [PMID: 33180216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis and cellular survival. In the brain, higher ATP production is required by mature neurons for communication. Most of the mitochondrial proteins transcribe in the nucleus and import in mitochondria through different pathways of the mitochondrial protein import machinery. This machinery plays a crucial role in determining mitochondrial morphology and functions through mitochondrial biogenesis. Failure of this machinery and any alterations during mitochondrial biogenesis underlies neurodegeneration resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) etc. Current knowledge has revealed the different pathways of mitochondrial protein import machinery such as translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex, the presequence pathway, carrier pathway, β-barrel pathway, and mitochondrial import and assembly machinery etc. In this review, we have discussed the recent studies regarding protein import machinery, beyond the well-known effects of increased oxidative stress and bioenergetics dysfunctions. We have elucidated in detail how these types of machinery help to import and locate the precursor proteins to their specific location inside the mitochondria and play a major role in mitochondrial biogenesis. We further discuss their involvement in mitochondrial dysfunctioning and the induction of toxic aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases like AD and PD. The review supports the importance of import machinery in neuronal functions and its association with toxic aggregated proteins in mitochondrial impairment, suggesting a critical role in fostering and maintaining neurodegeneration and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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27
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Santos CC, Muñoz P, Almeida ÁMAN, de Lima David JP, David JM, Lima Costa S, Segura-Aguilar J, Silva VDA. The Flavonoid Agathisflavone from Poincianella pyramidalis Prevents Aminochrome Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:579-584. [PMID: 32588357 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been suggested to protect dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease based on studies that used exogenous neurotoxins. In this study, we tested the protective ability of agathisflavone in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to the endogenous neurotoxin aminochrome. The ability of aminochrome to induce loss of lysosome acidity is an important mechanism of its neurotoxicity. We demonstrated that the flavonoid inhibited cellular death and lysosomal dysfunction induced by aminochrome. In addition, we demonstrated that the protective effect of agathisflavone was suppressed by antagonists of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). These results suggest lysosomal protection and estrogen signaling as mechanisms involved in agathisflavone neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease study model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleonice Creusa Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Áurea Maria A N Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
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28
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Costa T, Fernandez-Villalba E, Izura V, Lucas-Ochoa AM, Menezes-Filho NJ, Santana RC, de Oliveira MD, Araújo FM, Estrada C, Silva V, Costa SL, Herrero MT. Combined 1-Deoxynojirimycin and Ibuprofen Treatment Decreases Microglial Activation, Phagocytosis and Dopaminergic Degeneration in MPTP-Treated Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:390-402. [PMID: 32564332 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a predominant aspect of neurodegenerative diseases and experimental studies performed in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggesting that a sustained neuroinflammation exacerbates the nigrostriatal degeneration pathway. The central role of microglia in neuroinflammation has been studied as a target for potential neuroprotective drugs for PD, for example nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitors that regulates microglial activation and migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective response of the iminosugar 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) and compare its effect with a combined treatment with ibuprofen. MPTP-treated mice were orally dosed with ibuprofen and/or 1-DNJ 1. Open-field test was used to evaluate behavioral changes. Immunohistochemistry for dopaminergic neurons marker (TH+) and microglia markers (Iba-1+; CD68+) were used to investigate neuronal integrity and microglial activation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were analysed by qPCR. Treatments with either 1-DNJ or Ibuprofen alone did not reduce the damage induced by MPTP intoxication. However, combined treatment with 1-DNJ and ibuprofen prevents loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, decreases the number of CD68+/ Iba-1+ cells, the microglia/neurons interactions, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improves behavioral changes when compared with MPTP-treated animals. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the combined treatment with a MMPs inhibitor (1-DNJ) plus an anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) has neuroprotective effects open for future therapeutic interventions. Graphical Abstract MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a protoxicant that, after crossing the Blood Brain Barrier, is metabolized by astrocytic MAO-B to MPDP+, a pyridinium intermediate, which undergoes further two-electron oxidation to yield the toxic metabolite MPP+ (methyl-phenyltetrahydropyridinium) that is then selectively transported into nigral neurons via the mesencephalic dopamine transporter. In this study, we demonstrated that MPTP induced death of dopaminergic neurons, microgliosis, increase of gliapses, motor impairment and neuroinflammation in mice, which were inhibited by combined 1-deoxynojirimycin and ibuprofen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tcs Costa
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE). Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE). School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - E Fernandez-Villalba
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE). Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE). School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - V Izura
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE). Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE). School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A M Lucas-Ochoa
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE). Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE). School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - N J Menezes-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - R C Santana
- Department of Bioregulation, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - M D de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.,Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia - UnB, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - F M Araújo
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE). Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE). School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - C Estrada
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE). Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE). School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vda Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - S L Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - M T Herrero
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE). Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE). School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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29
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Bossola M, Landi F, Bernabei R, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Generation and Release of Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles in Health, Aging and Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051440. [PMID: 32408624 PMCID: PMC7290979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in a myriad of activities. To safeguard their vital functions, mitochondrial quality control (MQC) systems are in place to support organelle plasticity as well as physical and functional connections with other cellular compartments. In particular, mitochondrial interactions with the endosomal compartment support the shuttle of ions and metabolites across organelles, while those with lysosomes ensure the recycling of obsolete materials. The extrusion of mitochondrial components via the generation and release of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) has recently been described. MDV trafficking is now included among MQC pathways, possibly operating via mitochondrial-lysosomal contacts. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is acknowledged as a hallmark of aging and a major pathogenic factor of multiple age-associated conditions, the analysis of MDVs and, more generally, of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is recognized as a valuable research tool. The dissection of EV trafficking may help unravel new pathophysiological pathways of aging and diseases as well as novel biomarkers to be used in research and clinical settings. Here, we discuss (1) MQC pathways with a focus on mitophagy and MDV generation; (2) changes of MQC pathways during aging and their contribution to inflamm-aging and progeroid conditions; and (3) the relevance of MQC failure to several disorders, including neurodegenerative conditions (i.e., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559 (R.C.); +39-0832-29-8900 (C.B.); Fax: +39-06-305-1911 (R.C.); +39-0832-29-8941 (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Bossola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559 (R.C.); +39-0832-29-8900 (C.B.); Fax: +39-06-305-1911 (R.C.); +39-0832-29-8941 (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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30
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Sun Y, Kamat A, Singh BB. Isoproterenol-Dependent Activation of TRPM7 Protects Against Neurotoxin-Induced Loss of Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:305. [PMID: 32390858 PMCID: PMC7193110 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal function and their survival depend on the activation of ion channels. Loss of ion channel function is known to induce neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s that exhibit loss of dopaminergic neurons; however, mechanisms that could limit neuronal loss are not yet fully identified. Our data suggest that neurotoxin-mediated loss of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells is inhibited by the addition of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist isoproterenol. The addition of isoproterenol to SHSY-5Y cells showed increased Mg2+ influx and cell survival in the presence of neurotoxin especially at higher concentration of isoproterenol. Importantly, isoproterenol potentiated transient receptor potential melastatin-7 (TRPM7) channel activation that leads to an increase in intracellular Mg2+ levels. The addition of 2APB, which is a known TRPM7 channel blocker, significantly decreased the TRPM7 function and inhibited isoproterenol-mediated protection against neurotoxins. Moreover, neurotoxins inhibited TRPM7 expression and function, but the restoration of TRPM7 expression increased neuroblastoma cell survival. In contrast, TRPM7 silencing increased cell loss, decreased Mg2+ homeostasis, and inhibited mitochondrial function. Moreover, isoproterenol treatment prevented neurotoxin-mediated loss of TRPM7 expression and inhibited Bax expression that induces cell survival. These effects were dependent on the neurotoxin-induced increase in oxidative stress, which inhibits TRPM7 expression and function. Together, our results suggest a positive role for β-AR in activating TRPM7 channels that regulate Mg2+ homeostasis and are essential for the survival of SH-SY5Y cells from neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Amrita Kamat
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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31
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Martín-Jiménez R, Lurette O, Hebert-Chatelain E. Damage in Mitochondrial DNA Associated with Parkinson's Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1421-1430. [PMID: 32397749 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles that contain their own genetic material (mtDNA). Mitochondria are involved in several key physiological functions, including ATP production, Ca2+ homeostasis, and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Since these organelles perform crucial processes to maintain neuronal homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunctions can lead to various neurodegenerative diseases. Several mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP production are encoded by mtDNA. Thus, any mtDNA alteration can ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Accumulation of mutations, deletions, and rearrangements in mtDNA has been observed in animal models and patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). Also, specific inherited variations associated with mtDNA genetic groups (known as mtDNA haplogroups) are associated with lower or higher risk of developing PD. Consequently, mtDNA alterations should now be considered important hallmarks of this neurodegenerative disease. This review provides an update about the role of mtDNA alterations in the physiopathology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín-Jiménez
- Department of Biology and Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - Olivier Lurette
- Department of Biology and Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Department of Biology and Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
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32
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Picca A, Calvani R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Landi F, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Inter-Organelle Membrane Contact Sites and Mitochondrial Quality Control during Aging: A Geroscience View. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030598. [PMID: 32138154 PMCID: PMC7140483 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and failing mitochondrial quality control (MQC) are major determinants of aging. Far from being standalone organelles, mitochondria are intricately related with cellular other compartments, including lysosomes. The intimate relationship between mitochondria and lysosomes is reflected by the fact that lysosomal degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria is the final step of mitophagy. Inter-organelle membrane contact sites also allow bidirectional communication between mitochondria and lysosomes as part of nondegradative pathways. This interaction establishes a functional unit that regulates metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, and, hence, MQC. Contacts of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have also been described. ER-mitochondrial interactions are relevant to Ca2+ homeostasis, transfer of phospholipid precursors to mitochondria, and integration of apoptotic signaling. Many proteins involved in mitochondrial contact sites with other organelles also participate to degradative MQC pathways. Hence, a comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction during aging requires a thorough evaluation of degradative and nondegradative inter-organelle pathways. Here, we present a geroscience overview on (1) degradative MQC pathways, (2) nondegradative processes involving inter-organelle tethering, (3) age-related changes in inter-organelle degradative and nondegradative pathways, and (4) relevance of MQC failure to inflammaging and age-related conditions, with a focus on Parkinson’s disease as a prototypical geroscience condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-(06)-3015-5559 (R.C. & R.B.); Fax: +39-(06)-3051-911 (R.C. & R.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-(06)-3015-5559 (R.C. & R.B.); Fax: +39-(06)-3051-911 (R.C. & R.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Garza-Lombó C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and mitophagy. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:105-117. [PMID: 31972372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous homeostatic mechanism for the degradation or turnover of cellular components. Degradation of mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy) is involved in a number of physiological processes including cellular homeostasis, differentiation and aging. Upon stress or injury, mitophagy prevents the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and the increased steady state levels of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and cell death. A number of human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, have been linked to the dysregulation of mitophagy. In this mini-review, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitophagy and their relationship with redox signaling and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Kulek AR, Anzell A, Wider JM, Sanderson TH, Przyklenk K. Mitochondrial Quality Control: Role in Cardiac Models of Lethal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010214. [PMID: 31952189 PMCID: PMC7016592 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for acute myocardial infarction or 'heart attack' is timely restoration of blood flow to the ischemic region of the heart. While reperfusion is essential for the salvage of ischemic myocardium, re-introduction of blood flow paradoxically kills (rather than rescues) a population of previously ischemic cardiomyocytes-a phenomenon referred to as 'lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. There is long-standing and exhaustive evidence that mitochondria are at the nexus of lethal IR injury. However, during the past decade, the paradigm of mitochondria as mediators of IR-induced cardiomyocyte death has been expanded to include the highly orchestrated process of mitochondrial quality control. Our aims in this review are to: (1) briefly summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IR injury, and (2) incorporating landmark data from a broad spectrum of models (including immortalized cells, primary cardiomyocytes and intact hearts), provide a critical discussion of the emerging concept that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy (the components of mitochondrial quality control) may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte death in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Kulek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anthony Anzell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Wider
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-9047
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Animal Models for Parkinson's Disease Research: Trends in the 2000s. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215402. [PMID: 31671557 PMCID: PMC6862023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although many studies have been conducted, there is an unmet clinical need to develop new treatments because, currently, only symptomatic therapies are available. To achieve this goal, clarification of the pathology is required. Attempts have been made to emulate human PD and various animal models have been developed over the decades. Neurotoxin models have been commonly used for PD research. Recently, advances in transgenic technology have enabled the development of genetic models that help to identify new approaches in PD research. However, PD animal model trends have not been investigated. Revealing the trends for PD research will be valuable for increasing our understanding of the positive and negative aspects of each model. In this article, we clarified the trends for animal models that were used to research PD in the 2000s, and we discussed each model based on these trends.
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Magnesium-Induced Cell Survival Is Dependent on TRPM7 Expression and Function. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:528-538. [PMID: 31392516 PMCID: PMC6968994 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mg2+ homeostasis is essential for cell survival and the loss of this regulation has been associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including loss of dopaminergic neurons. Although the neurotoxin-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease models is extensively studied, the ion channel(s) that regulate Mg2+ homeostasis and thus could prevent neuronal cell death is not yet identified. Here, we show that TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastatin 7) is involved in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis in dopaminergic cells. Importantly, transient loss of TRPM7 decreased intracellular Mg2+ levels and decreased dopaminergic cells/neurons survival. We provide further evidence that both increases in extracellular Mg2+ or transiently increasing TRPM7 levels protected dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells against neurotoxin-mediated cell death. Neurotoxin treatment significantly decreased TRPM7 levels in both SH-SY5Y cells and the substantia nigra pars compacta region of mice, along with a decrease in Mg2+ influx. Moreover, Mg2+ supplementation showed a concentration-dependent decrease in caspase-3 activity, an increase in cell survival, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase TRPM7 levels in neurotoxin-treated cells. In contrast, transient silencing of TRPM7 inhibited the positive effect of Mg2+ supplementation in protecting against neurotoxins. Whereas, TRPM7 overexpression not only maintained Mg2+ homeostasis but also inhibited caspase 3 activity that induced cell survival. Overall, these results suggest a significant role of TRPM7 channels in Mg2+ homeostasis and the survival of neurotoxin-induced loss of dopaminergic cells.
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Patrick KL, Bell SL, Weindel CG, Watson RO. Exploring the "Multiple-Hit Hypothesis" of Neurodegenerative Disease: Bacterial Infection Comes Up to Bat. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:138. [PMID: 31192157 PMCID: PMC6546885 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major strides in personalized genomics, it remains poorly understood why neurodegenerative diseases occur in only a fraction of individuals with a genetic predisposition and conversely, why individuals with no genetic risk of a disorder develop one. Chronic diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple sclerosis are speculated to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, a concept commonly referred to as the “multiple hit hypothesis.” A number of bacterial infections have been linked to increased risk of neurodegeneration, and in some cases, clearance of bacterial pathogens has been correlated with amelioration of central nervous system (CNS) deficits. Additionally, mutations in several genes known to contribute to CNS disorders like Parkinson's Disease have repeatedly been implicated in susceptibility to intracellular bacterial infection. Recent data has begun to demonstrate roles for these genes (PARK2, PINK1, and LRRK2) in modulating innate immune outcomes, suggesting that immune dysregulation may play an even more important role in neurodegeneration than previously appreciated. This review will broadly explore the connections between bacterial infection, immune dysregulation, and CNS disorders. Understanding this interplay and how bacterial pathogenesis contributes to the “multiple-hit hypothesis” of neurodegeneration will be crucial to develop therapeutics to effectively treat both neurodegeneration and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Patrick
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Samantha L Bell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Chi G Weindel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
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38
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Corti O. Neuronal Mitophagy: Lessons from a Pathway Linked to Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:292-305. [PMID: 31102068 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are specialized cells with complex and extended architecture and high energy requirements. Energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, produced essentially by mitochondrial respiration, is necessary to preserve neuronal morphology, maintain resting potential, fire action potentials, and ensure neurotransmission. Pools of functional mitochondria are required in all neuronal compartments, including cell body and dendrites, nodes of Ranvier, growth cones, axons, and synapses. The mechanisms by which old or damaged mitochondria are removed and replaced in neurons remain to be fully understood. Mitophagy has gained considerable interest since the discovery of familial forms of Parkinson's disease caused by dysfunction of PINK1 and Parkin, two multifunctional proteins cooperating in the regulation of this process. Over the past 10 years, the molecular mechanisms by which PINK1 and Parkin jointly promote the degradation of defective mitochondria by autophagy have been dissected. However, our understanding of the relevance of mitophagy to mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons remains poor. Insight has been recently gained thanks to the development of fluorescent reporter systems for tracking mitochondria in the acidic compartment of the lysosome. Using these tools, mitophagy events have been visualized in primary neurons in culture and in vivo, under basal conditions and in response to toxic insults. Despite these advances, whether PINK1 and Parkin play a major role in promoting neuronal mitophagy under physiological conditions in adult animals and during aging remains a matter of debate. Future studies will have to clarify in how far dysfunction of neuronal mitophagy is central to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Corti
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Inserm, U1127, F-75013, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Meng T, Lin S, Zhuang H, Huang H, He Z, Hu Y, Gong Q, Feng D. Recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases. Cell Stress 2019; 3:141-161. [PMID: 31225510 PMCID: PMC6551859 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.05.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (here refers to macroautophagy) is a catabolic pathway by which large protein aggregates and damaged organelles are first sequestered into a double-membraned structure called autophago-some and then delivered to lysosome for destruction. Recently, tremen-dous progress has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanism and functions of this essential cellular metabolic process. In addition to being either a rubbish clearing system or a cellular surviving program in response to different stresses, autophagy plays important roles in a large number of pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and especially neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases and discuss how dysregulation of autophagy initiation, autophagosome formation, maturation, and/or au-tophagosome-lysosomal fusion step contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shiyin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yongquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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Ganoderma lucidum extract ameliorates MPTP-induced parkinsonism and protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress via regulating mitochondrial function, autophagy, and apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:441-450. [PMID: 29991712 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection targeting mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as an important therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has emerged as a novel agent that protects neurons from oxidative stress. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying GL-induced neuroprotection have not been documented. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GL extract (GLE) and the underlying mechanisms in the classic MPTP(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced mouse model of PD. Mice were injected with MPTP to induce parkinsonism. Then the mice were administered GLE (400 mg kg-1 d-1, ig) for 4 weeks. We observed that GLE administration significantly improved locomotor performance and increased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra pars compact (SNpc) of MPTP-treated mice. In in vitro study, treatment of neuroblastoma neuro-2a cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+, 1 mmol/L) caused mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, radical oxygen species accumulation, and ATP depletion. Application of GLE (800 μg/mL) protected neuroblastoma neuro-2a cells against MPP+ insult. Application of GLE also improved mitochondrial movement dysfunction in cultured primary mesencephalic neurons. In addition, GLE counteracted the decline in NIX (also called BNIP3L) expression and increase in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio evoked by MPP+. Moreover, GLE reactivated MPP+-inhibited AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1. Similarly, GLE was sufficient to counteract MPP+-induced inhibition of PINK1 and Parkin expression. GLE suppressed MPP+-induced cytochrome C release and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. In summary, our results provide evidence that GLE ameliorates parkinsonism pathology via regulating mitochondrial function, autophagy, and apoptosis, which may involve the activation of both the AMPK/mTOR and PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.
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41
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Glass TJ, Kelm-Nelson CA, Russell JA, Szot JC, Lake JM, Connor NP, Ciucci MR. Laryngeal muscle biology in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1326-1334. [PMID: 30844333 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00557.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular pathology is found in the larynx and pharynx in humans with Parkinson disease (PD); however, it is unknown when this pathology emerges. We hypothesized that pathology occurs in early (premanifest) stages. To address this, we used the Pink1-/- rat model of PD, which shows age-dependent dopaminergic neuron loss, locomotor deficits, and deficits related to laryngeal function. We report findings in the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) in Pink1-/- rats compared with wild-type (WT) control rats at 4 and 6 mo of age. TAs were analyzed for force production, myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC), centrally nucleated myofibers, neural cell adhesion molecule, myofiber size, and muscle section size. Compared with WT, Pink1-/- TA had reductions in force levels at 1-Hz stimulation and 20-Hz stimulation, increases in relative levels of MyHC 2L, increases in incidence of centrally nucleated myofibers in the external division of the TA, and reductions in myofiber size of the vocalis division of the TA at 6 mo of age. Alterations of laryngeal muscle biology occur in a rat model of premanifest PD. Although these alterations are statistically significant, their functional significance remains to be determined. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pathology of peripheral nerves and muscle has been reported in the larynx and pharynx of humans diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD); however, it is unknown whether differences of laryngeal muscle occur at premanifest stages. This study examined the thyroarytenoid muscles of the Pink1-/- rat model of PD for differences of muscle biology compared with control rats. Thyroarytenoid muscles of Pink1-/- rats at premanifest stages show differences in multiple measures of muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Glass
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - John A Russell
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John C Szot
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jacob M Lake
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
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Strickland M, Yacoubi-Loueslati B, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Pender SLF, Larbi A. Relationships Between Ion Channels, Mitochondrial Functions and Inflammation in Human Aging. Front Physiol 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30881309 PMCID: PMC6405477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is often associated with a loss of function. We believe aging to be more an adaptation to the various, and often continuous, stressors encountered during life in order to maintain overall functionality of the systems. The maladaptation of a system during aging may increase the susceptibility to diseases. There are basic cellular functions that may influence and/or are influenced by aging. Mitochondrial function is amongst these. Their presence in almost all cell types makes of these valuable targets for interventions to slow down or even reserve signs of aging. In this review, the role of mitochondria and essential physiological regulators of mitochondria and cellular functions, ion channels, will be discussed in the context of human aging. The origins of inflamm-aging, associated with poor clinical outcomes, will be linked to mitochondria and ion channel biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Strickland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Medical School of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sylvia L. F. Pender
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Chinese University of Hong Kong – University of Southampton Joint Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Liu X, Hebron M, Shi W, Lonskaya I, Moussa CEH. Ubiquitin specific protease-13 independently regulates parkin ubiquitination and alpha-synuclein clearance in alpha-synucleinopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:548-560. [PMID: 30329047 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific proteases (USPs) are de-ubiquitinases (DUBs) that control protein ubiquitination cycle. The role of DUBs is poorly understood in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that USP13 is overexpressed in post-mortem Parkinson's disease (PD) brains. We investigated whether changes in USP13 levels can affect two molecules, parkin and alpha-synuclein, that are implicated in PD pathogenesis. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is regulated by ubiquitination and targets certain proteins for degradation, and alpha-synuclein may be ubiquitinated and recycled in the normal brain. We found that USP13 independently regulates parkin and alpha-synuclein ubiquitination in models of alpha-synucleinopathies. USP13 shRNA knockdown increases alpha-synuclein ubiquitination and clearance, in a parkin-independent manner. Furthermore, USP13 overexpression counteracts the effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Nilotinib, while USP13 knockdown facilitates Nilotinib effects on alpha-synculein clearance, suggesting that alpha-synuclein ubiquitnation is important for its clearance. These studies provide novel evidence of USP13 effects on parkin and alpha-synuclein metabolism and suggest that USP13 is a potential therapeutic target in the alpha-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Michaeline Hebron
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Wangke Shi
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Irina Lonskaya
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Charbel E-H Moussa
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
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Condello M, Pellegrini E, Caraglia M, Meschini S. Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E725. [PMID: 30744021 PMCID: PMC6387456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process, through which damaged organelles and superfluous proteins are degraded, for maintaining the correct cellular balance during stress insult. It involves formation of double-membrane vesicles, named autophagosomes, that capture cytosolic cargo and deliver it to lysosomes, where the breakdown products are recycled back to cytoplasm. On the basis of degraded cell components, some selective types of autophagy can be identified (mitophagy, ribophagy, reticulophagy, lysophagy, pexophagy, lipophagy, and glycophagy). Dysregulation of autophagy can induce various disease manifestations, such as inflammation, aging, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The understanding of the molecular mechanism that regulates the different phases of the autophagic process and the role in the development of diseases are only in an early stage. There are still questions that must be answered concerning the functions of the autophagy-related proteins. In this review, we describe the principal cellular and molecular autophagic functions, selective types of autophagy and the main in vitro methods to detect the role of autophagy in the cellular physiology. We also summarize the importance of the autophagic behavior in some diseases to provide a novel insight for target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Condello
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Meschini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Singh A, Verma P, Raju A, Mohanakumar KP. Nimodipine attenuates the parkinsonian neurotoxin, MPTP-induced changes in the calcium binding proteins, calpain and calbindin. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:89-94. [PMID: 29427747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated neuroprotective abilities of nimodipine, an L-type voltage dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). To understand the calcium regulatory mechanisms in the disease pathogenesis, the present study examined calcium regulatory proteins calbindin and calpain mRNA and protein levels employing quantitative PCR and western blot in 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cell lines and in the striatum of mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). mRNA and protein levels of calbindin were lower, while that of calpain were higher in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-treated mouse striatum as compared to their respective controls. Nimodipine pretreatment significantly attenuated these effects in the parkinsonian neurotoxin-treated SH-SY5Y cell line and in the mouse striatum. The activities of the apoptotic mediator, caspase-3 and calpain were increased in the neurotoxin-treated groups as compared to their respective controls, which was ameliorated by nimodipine pretreatment. These results suggest that parkinsonian neurotoxin-mediated dopaminergic neuronal death might involve defects in calcium regulatory proteins that control intracellular calcium homeostasis, and these could be corrected by inhibiting L-type VDCC activity. These findings support the notion that hypertensive patients who are on long-term intake of dihydropyridine have reduced risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Poonam Verma
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Anu Raju
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India; Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India.
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Lambourne OA, Mehellou Y. Chemical Strategies for Activating PINK1, a Protein Kinase Mutated in Parkinson's Disease. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2433-2437. [PMID: 30248222 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PINK1 is a ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial serine/threonine protein kinase that has emerged as a key player in mitochondrial quality control. This protein kinase came to prominence in the mid-2000s, when PINK1 mutations were found to cause early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). As most of the PD-related mutations occurred in the kinase domain and impaired PINK1's catalytic activity, it was suggested that small molecules that activated PINK1 would maintain mitochondrial quality control and, as a result, have neuroprotective effects. Working on this hypothesis, a few small-molecule PINK1 activators that offer critical insights and distinct approaches for activating PINK1 have been discovered. Herein, we briefly highlight the discovery of these small molecules and offer insight into the future development of small-molecule PINK1 activators as potential treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Lambourne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Youcef Mehellou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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Weil R, Laplantine E, Curic S, Génin P. Role of Optineurin in the Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Potential Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 29971063 PMCID: PMC6018216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin (Optn) is a 577 aa protein encoded by the Optn gene. Mutations of Optn are associated with normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and its gene has also been linked to the development of Paget’s disease of bone and Crohn’s disease. Optn is involved in diverse cellular functions, including NF-κB regulation, membrane trafficking, exocytosis, vesicle transport, reorganization of actin and microtubules, cell cycle control, and autophagy. Besides its role in xenophagy and autophagy of aggregates, Optn has been identified as a primary autophagy receptor, among the five adaptors that translocate to mitochondria during mitophagy. Mitophagy is a selective macroautophagy process during which irreparable mitochondria are degraded, preventing accumulation of defective mitochondria and limiting the release of reactive oxygen species and proapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial quality control via mitophagy is central to the health of cells. One of the important surveillance pathways of mitochondrial health is the recently defined signal transduction pathway involving the mitochondrial PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) protein and the cytosolic RING-between-RING ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Both of these proteins, when mutated, have been identified in certain forms of Parkinson’s disease. By targeting ubiquitinated mitochondria to autophagosomes through its association with autophagy related proteins, Optn is responsible for a critical step in mitophagy. This review reports recent discoveries on the role of Optn in mitophagy and provides insight into its link with neurodegenerative diseases. We will also discuss the involvement of Optn in other pathologies in which mitophagy dysfunctions are involved including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weil
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Shannel Curic
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Génin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
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Baltussen LL, Rosianu F, Ultanir SK. Kinases in synaptic development and neurological diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:343-352. [PMID: 29241837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis and synapse development is essential for building a functioning nervous system, and defects in these processes are associated with neurological disorders. Our understanding of molecular components and signalling events that contribute to neuronal development and pathogenesis is limited. Genes associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases provide entry points for elucidating molecular events that contribute to these conditions. Several protein kinases, enzymes that regulate protein function by phosphorylating their substrates, are genetically linked to neurological disorders. Identifying substrates of these kinases is key to discovering their function and providing insight for possible therapies. In this review, we describe how various methods for kinase-substrate identification helped elucidate kinase signalling pathways important for neuronal development and function. We describe recent advances on roles of kinases TAOK2, TNIK and CDKL5 in neuronal development and the converging pathways of LRRK2, PINK1 and GAK in Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Baltussen
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Rosianu
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.
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Xu Y, Zhi F, Peng Y, Shao N, Khiati D, Balboni G, Yang Y, Xia Y. δ-Opioid Receptor Activation Attenuates Hypoxia/MPP +-Induced Downregulation of PINK1: a Novel Mechanism of Neuroprotection Against Parkinsonian Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:252-266. [PMID: 29687347 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence suggesting that neurotoxic insults and hypoxic/ischemic injury are underlying causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) dysfunction is involved in the molecular genesis of PD and since our recent studies have demonstrated that the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) induced neuroprotection against hypoxic and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridimium (MPP+) insults, we sought to explore whether DOR protects neuronal cells from hypoxic and/or MPP+ injury via the regulation of PINK1-related pathways. Using highly differentiated rat PC12 cells exposed to either severe hypoxia (0.5-1% O2) for 24-48 h or varying concentrations of MPP+, we found that both hypoxic and MPP+ stress reduced the level of PINK1 expression, while incubation with the specific DOR agonist UFP-512 reversed this reduction and protected the cells from hypoxia and/or MPP+-induced injury. However, the DOR-mediated cytoprotection largely disappeared after knocking down PINK1 by PINK1 small interfering RNA. Moreover, we examined several important signaling molecules related to cell survival and apoptosis and found that DOR activation attenuated the hypoxic and/or MPP+-induced reduction in phosphorylated Akt and inhibited the activation of cleaved caspase-3, whereas PINK1 knockdown largely deprived the cell of the DOR-induced effects. Our novel data suggests a unique mechanism underlying DOR-mediated cytoprotection against hypoxic and MPP+ stress via a PINK1-mediated regulation of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dhiaedin Khiati
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Segura-Aguilar J, Huenchuguala S. Aminochrome Induces Irreversible Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Inducing Autophagy Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:106. [PMID: 29593482 PMCID: PMC5859232 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandro Huenchuguala
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
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