1
|
Wu Y, Chen F, Pan L, Chao X, Li M, Luo R, Chen K, Zheng C, Du T, He J, Sun P. Diagnostic utility and sensitivities of matrix Gla protein (MGP), TRPS1 and GATA3 in breast cancer: focusing on metastatic breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma with special features, and salivary gland-type tumours. Pathology 2024; 56:516-527. [PMID: 38570266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) have recently emerged as novel breast-specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and metaplastic carcinoma. The present study aimed to validate and compare the expression of MGP, TRPS1 and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) in metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC), invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) with special features, including special types of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC-STs) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type with unique features, and mammary and non-mammary salivary gland-type tumours (SGTs). Among all enrolled cases, MGP, TRPS1 and GATA3 had comparable high positivity for ER/PR-positive (p=0.148) and HER2-positive (p=0.310) breast carcinoma (BC), while GATA3 positivity was significantly lower in TNBC (p<0.001). Similarly, the positive rates of MGP and TRPS1 in MBCs (99.4%), were higher than in GATA3 (90.9%, p<0.001). Among the IBC-STs, 98.4% of invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) were positive for all three markers. Among neuroendocrine tumours (NTs), all cases were positive for TRPS1 and GATA3, while MGP positivity was relatively low (81.8%, p=0.313). In the neuroendocrine carcinoma (NC) subgroup, all cases were positive for GATA3 and MGP, while one case was negative for TRPS1. All carcinomas with apocrine differentiation (APOs) were positive for GATA3 and MGP, while only 60% of the cases demonstrated moderate staining for TRPS1. Among mammary SGTs, MGP demonstrated the highest positivity (100%), followed by TRPS1 (96.0%) and GATA3 (72.0%). Positive staining for these markers was also frequently observed in non-mammary SGTs. Our findings further validate the high sensitivity of MGP and TRPS1 in MBCs, IBC-STs, and breast SGTs. However, none of these markers are capable of distinguishing between mammary and non-mammary SGTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Keming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jiehua He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han R, Nofech-Mozes S, Boles D, Wu H, Curcin N, Slodkowska E. Immunohistochemical Characterization of a Large Cohort of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:239-251. [PMID: 37306115 PMCID: PMC10949410 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231171936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Triple negative breast carcinomas are characterized by a lack of hormone receptor and HER2 expression and inconsistent expression of breast-specific immunohistochemical markers. The expression of many site-specific markers in these tumors is largely unknown. The objective of the study was to examine the expression of widely used immunohistochemical markers on a large cohort of triple negative breast cancer. Methods. Sections from tissue microarrays were stained with 47 markers using routine protocols. Most markers were scored using a modified Allred method. ATRX, BAP1, SMAD4, e-cadherin, and beta-catenin were scored as retained or lost. Mammaglobin was considered positive if there was at least moderate intensity staining in any tumor cells. P16 was scored as overexpressed or not overexpressed; p53 was scored as wildtype, overexpressed, null, or cytoplasmic. Results. The cohort consisted of 639 tumors including 601 primary and 32 metastases. Overall, 96% expressed GATA3, mammaglobin, and/or SOX10 while 97% of no special type tumors expressed this panel. Carcinoma of apocrine differentiation demonstrated an AR positive, SOX10 negative, K5 negative/focal immunophenotype. PAX8 (SP348), WT1, Napsin A, and TTF1 (8G7G3/1) were never or rarely expressed while CA9, CDX2, NKX3.1, SATB2 (SATBA410), synaptophysin, and vimentin were variably expressed. Conclusions. Almost all TNBC express at least 1 of the 3 IHC markers: GATA3, mammaglobin, and/or SOX10. Carcinoma of apocrine differentiation is characterized by an AR positive, SOX10 negative, K5 negative or focal immunophenotype. Cautious interpretation of so-called site-specific markers, with knowledge of antibody clones, is required in excluding the diagnosis of triple negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon Nofech-Mozes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dina Boles
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Canada
| | - Hannah Wu
- Department of Pathology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Canada
| | - Nikolina Curcin
- Department of Pathology, William Osler Health System, Brampton, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bradt A, Jing X, Smola BS, Lew M. Comparative expression of TRPS1, GATA3, SOX10, mammaglobin, and GCDFP-15 in effusion specimens with breast carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:665-673. [PMID: 37461248 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) for breast carcinomas has shown low detection rates of metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) in effusions. Although GATA3 has enhanced diagnostic accuracy in this realm, its limited utility in detecting triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) has been highlighted. TRPS1 has been introduced as a potentially sensitive and specific marker in detecting MBC on histologic samples. We investigate the utility of TRPS1 as a marker for MBC in effusion specimens and compare its performance to SOX10, GATA3, mammaglobin (MG), and GCDFP-15. METHODS A database search identified malignant effusions involved by MBC between 2013 and 2021. Cases from unique patients with sufficient cellularity were evaluated for TRPS1, GATA3, SOX10, MG, and GCDFP-15 IHC. The intensity and extent of tumor cells (TC) were scored by two pathologists. Any discrepancies were jointly reviewed for consensus. RESULTS GATA3 showed the highest rate of positivity (98.2%), followed by TRPS1 (89.5%), MG (43.9%), GCDFP-15 (21.1%), and SOX10 (3.5%). All GATA3-positive cases showed intermediate to high expression. Comparatively, TRPS1 showed more variability in staining extent and intensity. In 13 (22.8%) cases, TRPS1 showed extensive background staining of inflammatory and mesothelial cells. Of six TNBCs, GATA3, and TRPS1 were positive in six (100%) and four (66.7%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS While TRPS1 shows a lower detection rate for MBC than GATA-3, using a combination of these markers can enhance effusion cytology's performance in detecting MBC. However, variability in TRPS1 staining intensity and high background TRPS1 staining of inflammatory and mesothelial cells can increase difficulty in its evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Bradt
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian S Smola
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Madelyn Lew
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McIntire PJ, Duckworth LA, Van Arnam J, Abdelwahab H, Shin SJ. TRPS1, a New Promising Marker for Assessment of Distant Metastatic Breast Cancer. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:380-387. [PMID: 37593968 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This article reviewed the identification of breast cancer in the distant metastatic setting through traditional immunohistochemical markers, such as mammaglobin and GATA3, compared with the novel immunohistochemical stain, Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 (TRPS1). We review previous studies evaluating TRPS1 staining, which were conducted using cytology specimens, as well as our recently conducted study evaluating this stain using surgical tissue samples, both from primary and distant metastatic invasive breast carcinoma. In summary, although no immunohistochemical stain is 100% specific or sensitive, in the metastatic setting where tissue available for ancillary studies is limited, TRPS1 was a reliable and even a standalone marker for breast origin, particularly in cases of triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McIntire
- Cleveland Clinic, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lauren A Duckworth
- Cleveland Clinic, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - John Van Arnam
- Cleveland Clinic, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hala Abdelwahab
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Sandra J Shin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun H, Ding Q, Sahin AA. Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis and Classification of Breast Tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023; 147:1119-1132. [PMID: 37490413 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0464-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— In the clinical practice of breast pathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of different markers is widely used for the diagnosis and classification of breast lesions. OBJECTIVE.— To provide an overview of currently used and recently identified IHC stains that have been implemented in the field of diagnostic breast pathology. DATA SOURCES.— Data were obtained from literature review and clinical experience of the authors as breast pathologists. CONCLUSIONS.— In the current review, we summarize the common uses of IHC stains for diagnosing different types of breast lesions, especially invasive and noninvasive breast lesions, and benign and malignant spindle cell lesions. In addition, the cutting-edge knowledge of diagnostic carcinoma markers will lead us to further understand the different types of breast carcinoma and differentiate breast carcinomas from other carcinomas of similar morphology. Knowing the strengths and limitations of these markers is essential to the clinical practice of breast pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Sun
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Qingqing Ding
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Chen PP, Cai G. GATA3 expression in primary lung carcinomas: correlation with histopathologic features and TTF-1, napsin A, and p40 expression. Hum Pathol 2023; 135:93-98. [PMID: 36702357 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the expression of GATA3 in primary lung carcinomas and correlated it with tumor histology and immunostains routinely utilized in the work up of primary lung cancers. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from a cohort of 184 non-small cell carcinomas, stained with GATA3, p40, TTF-1, and napsin A, and analyzed semi-quantitatively. All TMA cases with GATA3 expression were further analyzed using corresponding whole slide sections. Positive GATA3 staining was present in 16 cases (9%), including 7 squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) (4%), 4 adenocarcinomas (AdCs) (2%), 2 adenosquamous carcinomas (AdSqCs) (1%), 2 large cell carcinomas (LCCs) (1%), and 1 sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) (<1%). Among tumor histotypes, SqCC was more likely to stain with GATA3 (7/49, 14%), while AdC was less likely (4/111, 4%) (p = 0.04). In GATA3-positive cases, high-level expression was observed in 9 cases (56%), including 5 p40-positive SqCCs (3 were nonkeratinizing), 1 p40-positive AdSqC (negative for TTF-1 and napsin A), and 1 AdC (solid), 1 LCC, and 1 SC, each negative for p40, TTF-1, and napsin A). Low-level GATA3 expression was found in 3 AdCs (1 was lepidic and 2 were acinar predominant), 2 SqCCs (keratinizing), 1 AdSqC, and 1 LCC. These findings indicate that GATA3 expression occurs in a minor but significant proportion of primary non-small cell lung carcinomas, most often involves SqCC, and tends to show increasing levels of expression in more poorly differentiated subtypes. Caution should be exercised when interpreting GATA3 expression, and a panel of immunostains should be utilized when assigning tumor origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Peter P Chen
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Guoping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quinn C, Maguire A, Rakha E. Pitfalls in breast pathology. Histopathology 2023; 82:140-161. [PMID: 36482276 PMCID: PMC10107929 DOI: 10.1111/his.14799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurate pathological diagnosis is the cornerstone of optimal clinical management for patients with breast disease. As non-operative diagnosis has now become the standard of care, histopathologists encounter the daily challenge of making definitive diagnoses on limited breast core needle biopsy (CNB) material. CNB samples are carefully evaluated using microscopic examination of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides and supportive immunohistochemistry (IHC), providing the necessary information to inform the next steps in the patient care pathway. Some entities may be difficult to distinguish on small tissue samples, and if there is uncertainty a diagnostic excision biopsy should be recommended. This review discusses (1) benign breast lesions that may mimic malignancy, (2) malignant conditions that may be misinterpreted as benign, (3) malignant conditions that may be incorrectly diagnosed as primary breast carcinoma, and (4) some IHC pitfalls. The aim of the review is to raise awareness of potential pitfalls in the interpretation of breast lesions that may lead to underdiagnosis, overdiagnosis, or incorrect classification of malignancy with potential adverse outcomes for individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecily Quinn
- Irish National Breast Screening Programme and Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Maguire
- Irish National Breast Screening Programme and Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emad Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hagag S, Kodous A, Shaaban HA. Molecular and Immunohistochemical Alterations in Breast Cancer Patients in Upper Egypt. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 11:532-546. [PMID: 37131903 PMCID: PMC10149126 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.4.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) plays a major public health in Egyptian woman. In Upper Egypt, there is an increase in incidence of BC compared to other Egyptian areas. Triple-negative BC, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-neu-negative, is a high-risk BC that lacks the benefit of specific therapy that targets these proteins. Accurate determination of Caveolin-1(Cav-1), Caveolin-2 (Cav-2) and HER-2/neu status have become of major clinical significance in BC by focusing about its role as a tumor marker for response to different therapies. Methods The present study was performed on 73 female BC patients in the South Egypt Cancer Institute. Blood samples were used for Cav-1, Cav-2, and HER-2/neu genes amplification and expression. In addition, immunohistological analysis of mammaglobin, GATA3, ER, PR, and HER-2/neu was done. Results There was a statistically significant association between Cav-1, 2 and HER-2/neu genes expression and the age of patients (P< 0.001). There are increase in the level of Cav-1, 2 and increase in HER-2/neu mRNA expression in groups treated with chemotherapy and group treated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared to each group baseline level of genes mRNA expression before treatment. On the contrary, the group treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy revealed increase on the level of Cav-1, 2 and HER-2/neu mRNA expression when compared with their baseline for the same patients before treatment. Conclusions Noninvasive molecular biomarkers such as Cav-1 and Cav-2 have been proposed for use in the diagnosis and prognosis for women with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Hagag
- Radiation Biology department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, 8029, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Kodous
- Radiation Biology department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, 8029, Cairo, Egypt.
- Corresponding author: Ahmad Kodous; Tel: +20 1144496363; E-mail:
| | - Hebat Aallh Shaaban
- Pathology department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun J, Li J, Li Y, Du J, Zhao N, Mai K, Ai Q. Regulation of Δ6Fads2 Gene Involved in LC-PUFA Biosynthesis Subjected to Fatty Acid in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) and Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050659. [PMID: 35625587 PMCID: PMC9139026 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ6Fads2) is regarded as the first rate-limiting desaturase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from 18-carbon fatty acid in vertebrates, but the underlying regulatory mechanism of fads2 has not been comprehensively understood. This study aimed to investigate the regulation role of fads2 subjected to fatty acid in large yellow croaker and rainbow trout. In vivo, large yellow croaker and rainbow trout were fed a fish oil (FO) diet, a soybean oil (SO) diet or a linseed oil (LO) diet for 10 weeks. The results show that LO and SO can significantly increase fads2 expression (p < 0.05). In vitro experiments were conducted in HEK293T cells or primary hepatocytes to determine the transcriptional regulation of fads2. The results show that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) can up-regulate fads2 expression. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) can up-regulate fads2 expression in rainbow trout but showed opposite effect in large yellow croaker. Furthermore, C/EBPα protein levels were significantly increased by LO and SO (p < 0.05), gata3 expression was increased in rainbow trout by LO but decreased in large yellow croaker by LO and SO. In conclusion, we revealed that FO replaced by LO and SO increased fads2 expression through a C/EBPα and GATA3 dependent mechanism in large yellow croaker and rainbow trout. This study might provide critical insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fads2 expression and LC-PUFA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.D.); (N.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Jingqi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.D.); (N.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Yongnan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.D.); (N.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Jianlong Du
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.D.); (N.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Nannan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.D.); (N.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.D.); (N.Z.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.D.); (N.Z.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-82031943
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou P, Chang N, Abraham SC, Albarracin CT, Huo L, Chen H, Ding Q, Resetkova E, Middleton LP, Sahin AA, Bu H, Wu Y. Metastatic non-Hematopoietic Neoplasms to the Breast: A Study of 238 Cases. Hum Pathol 2022; 125:59-67. [PMID: 35447141 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathologic characteristics of metastatic non-hematopoietic malignancies to the breast, in order to identify salient features for practicing pathologist that are useful in distinguishing metastatic lesions from primary breast neoplasms. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 238 cases were identified during the period from January 2005 to January 2015. Clinicopathologic features of these cases were retrospectively reviewed. Primary tumors included melanoma (99, 42%), serous carcinoma (35, 15%), neuroendocrine neoplasm (32, 13%), sarcoma (23, 10%), and adenocarcinoma from various organs (47, 20%), among others. Most metastases were unilateral (223, 94%) and unifocal (206, 87%), and were detected radiographically (167, 70%). Concurrent ipsilateral axillary metastasis occurred in 33 (14%) patients. Among 238 cases, 41 had metastatic disease to the breast concurrently or preceding the primary cancer diagnosis. Notable, in 39 (16%) cases, breast metastasis was the first clinical presentation of disease, and 16 (41%) of these cases were initially misdiagnosed as breast primaries. In contrast, with known history of non-mammary primary tumors, only 4 of 197 (2%) cases were misdiagnosed (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Metastatic tumors share many overlapping features with breast primary carcinomas. However, cases with a well-circumscribed tumor, lack of in situ component, ER/PR negativity, and unusual morphologic features should raise the consideration of metastatic disease. While clinical history is paramount for correct diagnosis, metastasis to the breast as the first clinical presentation is not uncommon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, West China 4(th) Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Nina Chang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan C Abraham
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Constance T Albarracin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erika Resetkova
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lavinia P Middleton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen T, Zhao J, Zhao M, Taggart MW, Ramalingam P, Gong Y, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Resetkova E, Wang WL, Ding Q, Huo L, Yoon E. Unusual Staining of Immunohistochemical Markers PAX8 and CDX2 in Breast Carcinoma: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall. Hum Pathol 2022; 125:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Ding Q, Huo L, Peng Y, Yoon EC, Li Z, Sahin AA. Immunohistochemical Markers for Distinguishing Metastatic Breast Carcinoma from Other Common Malignancies: Update and Revisit. Semin Diagn Pathol 2022; 39:313-321. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
13
|
Yoon EC, Wang G, Parkinson B, Huo L, Peng Y, Wang J, Salisbury T, Wu Y, Chen H, Albarracin CT, Resetkova E, Middleton LP, Krishnamurthy S, Gan Q, Sun H, Huang X, Shen T, Chen W, Parwani AV, Sahin AA, Li Z, Ding Q. TRPS1, GATA3, and SOX10 expression in triple-negative breast carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2022; 125:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Environmental adaptation in fish induced changes in the regulatory region of fatty acid elongase gene, elovl5, involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:144-153. [PMID: 35120941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish are the main source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) for human consumption. In the process of evolution via natural selection, adaptation to distinct environments has likely driven changes in the endogenous capacity for LC-PUFA biosynthesis between marine and freshwater fishes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive changes in this metabolic pathway are poorly understood. Here, we compared the transcriptional regulation of elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 (Elovl5), which is one of the critical enzymes in LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway, in marine large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative transcriptomic and absolute mRNA quantification analyses revealed that the expression of elovl5 in rainbow trout was markedly higher than that in large yellow croaker. Correspondingly, the number of chromatin accessible areas in the regulatory region of elovl5 in rainbow trout was higher than in large yellow croaker, which revealed that chromatin accessibility in the regulatory region of elovl5 in rainbow trout was higher. Furthermore, the differences in sequence and activity of the elovl5 promoter were observed between rainbow trout and large yellow croaker, and transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (CEBPβ), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) displayed different regulatory roles on elovl5 expression between the two species. We propose that changes in the gene regulatory region driven by natural selection likely play a key role in differences in elovl5 expression and the activity of Elovl5, which may influence the LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacities of rainbow trout and large yellow croaker. These findings may also provide opportunities to improve the quality of aquatic products and, consequently, human health.
Collapse
|
15
|
Du T, Pan L, Zheng C, Chen K, Yang Y, Chen J, Chao X, Li M, Lu J, Luo R, Zhang J, Wu Y, He J, Jiang D, Sun P. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), GATA3, and TRPS1: a novel diagnostic panel to determine breast origin. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:70. [PMID: 36284362 PMCID: PMC9598034 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic breast carcinoma is commonly considered during differential diagnosis when metastatic disease is detected in females. In addition to the tumor morphology and documented clinical history, sensitive and specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers such as GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, and GATA3 are helpful for determining breast origin. However, these markers are reported to show lower sensitivity in certain subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and methods Using bioinformatics analyses, we identified a potential diagnostic panel to determine breast origin: matrix Gla protein (MGP), transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1), and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). We compared MGP, TRPS1, and GATA3 expression in different subtypes of breast carcinoma of (n = 1201) using IHC. As a newly identified marker, MGP expression was also evaluated in solid tumors (n = 2384) and normal tissues (n = 1351) from different organs. Results MGP and TRPS1 had comparable positive expression in HER2-positive (91.2% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.79) and TNBC subtypes (87.3% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.18). GATA3 expression was lower than MGP (p < 0.001) or TRPS1 (p < 0.001), especially in HER2-positive (77.0%, p < 0.001) and TNBC (43.3%, p < 0.001) subtypes. TRPS1 had the highest positivity rate (97.9%) in metaplastic TNBCs, followed by MGP (88.6%), while only 47.1% of metaplastic TNBCs were positive for GATA3. When using MGP, GATA3, and TRPS1 as a novel IHC panel, 93.0% of breast carcinomas were positive for at least two markers, and only 9 cases were negative for all three markers. MGP was detected in 36 cases (3.0%) that were negative for both GATA3 and TRPS1. MGP showed mild-to-moderate positive expression in normal hepatocytes, renal tubules, as well as 31.1% (99/318) of hepatocellular carcinomas. Rare cases (0.6–5%) had focal MGP expression in renal, ovarian, lung, urothelial, and cholangiocarcinomas. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MGP is a newly identified sensitive IHC marker to support breast origin. MGP, TRPS1, and GATA3 could be applied as a reliable diagnostic panel to determine breast origin in clinical practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01569-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Pan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Keming Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiewei Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Chao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Lu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiehua He
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongping Jiang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ai D, Yao J, Yang F, Huo L, Chen H, Lu W, Soto LMS, Jiang M, Raso MG, Wang S, Bell D, Liu J, Wang H, Tan D, Torres-Cabala C, Gan Q, Wu Y, Albarracin C, Hung MC, Meric-Bernstam F, Wistuba II, Prieto VG, Sahin AA, Ding Q. TRPS1: a highly sensitive and specific marker for breast carcinoma, especially for triple-negative breast cancer. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:710-719. [PMID: 33011748 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently there is no highly specific and sensitive marker to identify breast cancer-the most common malignancy in women. Breast cancer can be categorized as estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive luminal, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) types based on the expression of ER, PR, and HER2. Although GATA3 is the most widely used tumor marker at present to determine the breast origin, which has been shown to be an excellent marker for ER-positive and low-grade breast cancer, but it does not work well for TNBC with sensitivity as low as <20% in metaplastic breast carcinoma. In the current study, through TCGA data mining we identified trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) as a specific gene for breast carcinoma across 31 solid tumor types. Moreover, high mRNA level of TRPS1 was found in all four subtypes of breast carcinoma including ER/PR-positive luminal A and B types, HER2-positive type, and basal-type/TNBC. We then analyzed TRPS1 expression in 479 cases of various types of breast cancer using immunochemistry staining, and found that TRPS1 and GATA3 had comparable positive expression in ER-positive (98% vs. 95%) and HER2-positive (87% vs. 88%) breast carcinomas. However, TRPS1 which was highly expressed in TNBC, was significantly higher than GATA3 expression in metaplastic (86% vs. 21%) and nonmetaplastic (86% vs. 51%) TNBC. In addition, TRPS1 expression was evaluated in 1234 cases of solid tumor from different organs. In contrast to the high expression of GATA3 in urothelial carcinoma, TRPS1 showed no or little expression in urothelial carcinomas or in other tumor types including lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, colon and gastric adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and ovarian carcinoma. These findings suggest that TRPS1 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for breast carcinoma and can be used as a great diagnostic tool, especially for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Ai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luisa Maren Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shufang Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qiong Gan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Constance Albarracin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laprovitera N, Riefolo M, Ambrosini E, Klec C, Pichler M, Ferracin M. Cancer of Unknown Primary: Challenges and Progress in Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030451. [PMID: 33504059 PMCID: PMC7866161 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with cancer of unknown primary site suffer the burden of an uncertain disease, which is characterized by the impossibility to identify the tissue where the tumor has originated. The identification of the primary site of a tumor is of great importance for the patient to have access to site-specific treatments and be enrolled in clinical trials. Therefore, patients with cancer of unknown primary have reduced therapeutic opportunities and poor prognosis. Advancements have been made in the molecular characterization of this tumor, which could be used to infer the tumor site-of-origin and thus broaden the diagnostic outcome. Moreover, we describe here the novel therapeutic opportunities that are based on the genetic and immunophenotypic characterization of the tumor, and thus independent from the tumor type, which could provide most benefit to patients with cancer of unknown primary. Abstract Distant metastases are the main cause of cancer-related deaths in patients with advanced tumors. A standard diagnostic workup usually contains the identification of the tissue-of-origin of metastatic tumors, although under certain circumstances, it remains elusive. This disease setting is defined as cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Accounting for approximately 3–5% of all cancer diagnoses, CUPs are characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior and represent a real therapeutic challenge. The lack of determination of a tissue of origin precludes CUP patients from specific evidence-based therapeutic options or access to clinical trial, which significantly impacts their life expectancy. In the era of precision medicine, it is essential to characterize CUP molecular features, including the expression profile of non-coding RNAs, to improve our understanding of CUP biology and identify novel therapeutic strategies. This review article sheds light on this enigmatic disease by summarizing the current knowledge on CUPs focusing on recent discoveries and emerging diagnostic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Laprovitera
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.R.); (E.A.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisa Ambrosini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Christiane Klec
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.R.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-4714
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jamidi SK, Hu J, Aphivatanasiri C, Tsang JY, Poon IK, Li JJ, Chan SK, Cheung SY, Tse GM. Sry-related high-mobility-group/HMG box 10 (SOX10) as a sensitive marker for triple-negative breast cancer. Histopathology 2020; 77:936-948. [PMID: 32304249 DOI: 10.1111/his.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Confirmation of a breast origin for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is sometimes problematic. The traditional breast markers GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), mammaglobin (MGB) and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15) have shown limitations in identifying TNBC. Here, we aimed to examine the diagnostic potential of the newly proposed TNBC marker, Sry-related high-mobility-group/HMG box 10 (SOX10). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed and compared SOX10 expression with GATA3, MGB and GCDFP15 expression in a test cohort of 1838 invasive breast cancers (IBCs) by using tissue microarrays. The findings from the test cohort were further examined with a validation cohort of 42 TNBCs in whole sections. The overall expression rates of SOX10, GATA3, MGB and GCDFP15 were 6.9%, 83.1%, 47.0%, and 34.8%, respectively. Among the TNBCs within this cohort, the expression rates of SOX10, GATA3, MGB and GCDFP15 were 31.3%, 34.5%, 27.9%, and 25.2%, respectively. SOX10 was strongly associated with TNBC (P < 0.001), whereas all other traditional markers were associated with non-TNBC (P < 0.001 for all). In addition, SOX10 was more correlated to basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) (P = 0.001) than five-marker-negative subtype among the TNBCs. A high expression rate of SOX10 (81%) was confirmed in the validation cohort. Additionally, SOX10 expression was inversely correlated with GATA3 and GCDFP15 expression, so they may complement each other in TNBC detection. The SOX10-GATA3 combination yielded a sensitivity of 60.3% for TNBC detection in the test cohort. CONCLUSION SOX10 is a reliable marker for identifying TNBC, and complements GATA3. The SOX10-GATA3 combination may be used as a sensitive TNBC marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley K Jamidi
- Department of Pathology, Eka Hospital, Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Julia Y Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan K Poon
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joshua J Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Ki Chan
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ndagi U, Abdullahi M, Hamza AN, Soliman ME. An analogue of a kinase inhibitor exhibits subjective characteristics that contribute to its inhibitory activities as a potential anti-cancer candidate: insights through computational biomolecular modelling of UM-164 binding with lyn protein. RSC Adv 2020; 10:145-161. [PMID: 35492550 PMCID: PMC9047091 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07204g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of lyn kinase as a driver of aggressive behaviour in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major concern posing a burden for people living with breast cancer and drug development. The binding of UM-164 to lyn protein has been noted to impact the conformational dynamics required for drug fitness. Herein, we provide the first account of the molecular impact of an experimental drug, UM-164 binding on lyn protein using various computational approaches including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. These computational modelling methods enabled us to analyse parameters, for example principal component analysis (PCA), dynamics cross-correlation matrices (DCCM) analysis, hydrogen bond occupancy, thermodynamics calculation and ligand–residue interaction. Findings from these analyses revealed that UM-164 exhibited a higher binding affinity of −9.9 kcal mol−1 with lyn protein than Dasatinib, with a binding affinity of −8.3 kcal mol−1 on docking. It was observed that the binding of UM-164 to lyn protein decreases the capacity of its loop to fluctuate, influences the ligand optimum orientation on the conformational space of lyn protein, and increases the hydrogen bond formation in the lyn-UM-164 system. Also, an increase in drug binding energy of UM-164 was recorded with increasing residue correlation in the lyn-UM-164 system. It is quite informative to note that Met85 was a key stabilising factor in the binding of UM-164 to lyn protein. These findings can provide important insights that will potentially serve as a baseline in the design of novel lyn inhibitors. It could also stimulate further research into multidimensional approaches required to curb the influence of lyn protein in TNBC. This study provides the first account of the molecular impact of UM-164 binding on lyn protein using various computational approaches.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umar Ndagi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University
- Nigeria
| | - Maryam Abdullahi
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Asmau N. Hamza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Ahmadu Bello University
- Zaria
- Nigeria
| | - Mahmoud E. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zombori T, Cserni G. Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Breast Markers in Basal-like Breast Carcinomas Defined as Triple Negative Cancers Expressing Keratin 5. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:259-267. [PMID: 28470571 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone receptors are possible markers for suggesting a mammary origin of metastatic carcinoma, but are useless in cases of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). Five other potential markers of breast origin were investigated on tissue microarrays in a series of TNBCs showing keratin 5 expression, consistent with a basal-like phenotype. GATA-3 staining was observed in 82 of 115 triple negative cases (71.3%) including 23 cases with >5% staining. Mammaglobin staining was detected in 30 cases (26.0%) including 12 with >5% staining. GCDFP-15 was seen in 23 cases (20.0%) including 9 with >5% staining. NY-BR-1 positivity was present in 7 cases (6.0%) including 3 patients with >5% staining. BCA-225 staining was observed in 74 cases (64.3%); however this latter marker lacks also specificity owing to the reported widespread staining in other malignancies. GATA-3, mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was seen in one case (0.9%), whereas GATA-3 and mammaglobin or mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was present in 2 and 2 cases (1.7%), respectively. Using at least 5% staining as cut-off, the expression of any of the last 4 markers was 34.7%. The expression of GATA-3, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15 and NY-BR-1 is lower in TNBC-s than in breast carcinomas in general, and this may be even lower in basal-like carcinomas. Although these markers are not fully specific, by using them, a subset of basal-like TNBC-s can be identified as of mammary origin. However, a substantial proportion will not show any staining with any of these markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
GATA-3 is superior to GCDFP-15 and mammaglobin to identify primary and metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:25-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
Pathologists use immunohistochemistry is their day-to-day practices to assist in distinguishing site of origin of metastatic carcinomas. Here, the work-up is discussed neuroendocrine carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas with particular attention to tumor incident rates and predictive values of the best-performing immunohistochemical markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Stelow
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Hadi Yaziji
- Vitro Molecular Laboratories, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ali RH, Taraboanta C, Mohammad T, Hayes MM, Ionescu DN. Metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma a mimic of primary breast carcinoma-case series and literature review. Virchows Arch 2017; 472:771-777. [PMID: 29105026 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors to the breast are rare but constitute a major diagnostic dilemma. Of these, non-mammary carcinomatous metastases to the breast are particularly challenging and, without a clinical history, may be extremely difficult to distinguish from primary breast carcinoma (PBC). We specifically studied metastatic tumors of pulmonary origin, as the lung is one of the major primary sites for carcinomatous metastasis to breast. Sixteen metastatic lung tumors to the breast were identified in our archives between 1996 and 2017 including 12 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), one large-cell neuroendocrine, one atypical carcinoid, and two small-cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent amongst the NSCLCs (11/14). We retrieved the clinical information of these cases and reviewed the pathological characteristics to provide practical tools for pathologists to aid in their identification. Even in the absence of a clinical history of lung cancer, metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma to the breast should be considered in at least one of the following scenarios: (1) single or multiple well-circumscribed lesions of the breast that lack an in situ component and that are accompanied by distant metastases but negative axillary lymph nodes, (2) breast tumors that are triple negative yet not high-grade, or (3) breast tumors presenting as stage 4 disease and/or having an unusually aggressive clinical course on standard breast therapy. Accurate and timely diagnosis of these tumors is mandatory because of treatment and prognostic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rola H Ali
- Pathology Department, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Catalin Taraboanta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tareq Mohammad
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Malcolm M Hayes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pathology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Diana N Ionescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Pathology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
De Lara S, Parris TZ, Werner Rönnerman E, Helou K, Kovács A. GATA3 as a putative marker of breast cancer metastasis-A retrospective immunohistochemical study. Breast J 2017; 24:184-188. [DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin De Lara
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Toshima Z. Parris
- Department of Oncology; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center; Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center; Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jitariu AA, Cîmpean AM, Ribatti D, Raica M. Triple negative breast cancer: the kiss of death. Oncotarget 2017; 8:46652-46662. [PMID: 28445140 PMCID: PMC5542300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most controversial women malignancies, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are critically overviewed here, being focused on data useful in clinical practice or to improve the therapy and patients survival. TNBCs "choose" young women and its "kiss" is, unfortunately deadly in most cases. Currently, few sparse data are available in literature concerning the origins of TNBC. Vasculogenic mimicry detected in TNBCs, seems to be determined by a population of CD133+ cells and may be stimulated by different pharmacological agents such sunitinib. Despite the fact that TNBCs do not usually metastasize through the lymphatic pathways, TNBCs may be characterized by lymphatic invasion and by an increased lymphatic microvascular density. If TNBCs treatment depends on the molecular profile of the tumor, the same statement may be postulated for TNBCs metastasis. Whether metastases have a similar phenotype as the primary tumor remains an enigma. Therefore, the question: 'Could TNBC be subject to a standardized, unanimously accepted therapeutic strategy or is it strictly subclass-dependent?' remains to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana-Andreea Jitariu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cîmpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute “ Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma can each occur primarily in breast skin, or metastasize to the breast. The breast is a rare site of metastasis of essentially any and every type of tumor, including carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematolymphoid neoplasms, and 10-30% of breast metastases may represent the initial presentation of disease. Although metastases generally recapitulate histologic features of the primary tumor, they are diagnostically challenging given their rarity and morphologic overlap with breast carcinoma, including special types of breast cancer. Histologic clues may include lack of carcinoma in situ, lack of central elastosis, pattern of infiltration around normal breast structures, yet none of these are specific. Careful correlation with clinical history and judicious use of immunostain panels is essential in approaching these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Troxell
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Dept of Pathology, L235 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
El Hag MI, Hag AM, Ha JP, Michael CW. Comparison of GATA-3, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15 expression in breast carcinoma in serous effusions: A cell-block micro-array study. Pleura Peritoneum 2017; 2:143-148. [PMID: 30911644 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GATA-3 is a potential marker for detection of metastatic breast carcinoma, reportedly more sensitive than mammaglobin (MAM) and GCDFP-15. We aim to compare the sensitivity of GATA-3, MAM and GCDFP-15 in determining the breast origin of malignant effusions. Methods Cell blocks from 27 cases of serous effusions positive for metastatic breast cancer were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry for GATA-3, MAM, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was performed on cell-block micro-array. Statistical analysis using two ways Chi square, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression was performed. Results The detection rate of breast cancer in serous fluid was significantly higher with GATA-3 (88.8 %, X2=15.9, p=0.00034) than with MAM (51.8 %) and GCDFP-15 (37.0 %). All ER positive cases (19) were GATA-3 positive. Conversely, all GATA-3 negative cases (3) were ER negative. The intensity of stain and percentage of positive cells were significantly higher with GATA-3 (p<0.0001) than with MAM and GCDFP-15. The intensity and percentage of positive cells score of GATA-3 were statistically associated with ER stain intensity and percentage of positive cell scores. Conclusions GATA3 is a sensitive marker, superior to MAM and GCDFP-15 in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma. It is also strongly associated with ER expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I El Hag
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amani M Hag
- Mercy St. Elizabeth Hospital, Youngstown, OH, USA.,Master of Science program in Clinical Research, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Claire W Michael
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, MSPTH 5077, 11100 Euclid Ave Rm 212B, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Byrne DJ, Deb S, Takano EA, Fox SB. GATA3 expression in triple-negative breast cancers. Histopathology 2017; 71:63-71. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Byrne
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Pathology; the University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Leng B, Guo M, Zhao J, Gong Y. Utility and pitfalls of GATA3 immunocytochemistry for diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma on cytology specimens. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2017; 6:73-79. [PMID: 31042637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although GATA3 expression has been studied extensively on histology specimens and has demonstrated a high level of accuracy in detecting carcinomas from breast or urothelial origin, its utility on cytology samples, especially the influence of different sample (fine-needle aspiration [FNA] versus effusion fluid) and preparation (cell block versus smear) on the staining, is understudied. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively searched our institution's pathology database for cytologic cases where GATA3 immunostaining was performed during diagnostic workup and identified a total of 178 cases, consisting of 89 metastatic breast carcinomas, 22 metastatic urothelial carcinomas, and 67 malignant neoplasms of other origin. Frequency of GATA3 expression was evaluated in each group. RESULTS For metastatic breast carcinomas, 75% expressed GATA3; 74% on FNA samples and 77% on fluid samples; 71% on cell block and 89% on smear. GATA3 was positive in 44% triple-negative breast carcinomas. Of the 22 metastatic urothelial carcinomas (21 FNA samples and 1 fluid; 21 cell blocks and 1 smear), all were positive for GATA3. Of the 67 malignancies of other origin, 4 (6%) were positive for GATA3 (ie, a metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma, a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, a recurrent poorly differentiated skin adnexal carcinoma, and a metastatic thymic carcinoma). CONCLUSIONS GATA3 is a useful biomarker for detecting carcinomas of breast or urothelial origin on cytologic specimens. It may detect breast cancers with the triple-negative phenotype. Both cell block and smear preparations can be reliably used for the staining. GATA3-positive immunostaining is occasionally seen in other tumors, which may cause diagnostic confusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Leng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
This review summarizes the three major breast-associated markers that can be of assistance in evaluating metastatic carcinomas for which a breast primary diagnosis is entertained. These markers include gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), mammaglobin, and GATA3. The first two are cytoplasmic markers that show comparable sensitivities for breast cancer, although relatively few of the published studies have employed the same antibodies against the target molecule, making direct comparisons challenging. GATA3 is a nuclear transcription factor that shows superior sensitivity to GCDFP-15 and mammaglobin. However, the specificity of GATA3 can pose challenges, inasmuch as carcinomas of the bladder and other sites can show significant levels of positivity. Determination of the optimal panel of antibodies employed in a given clinical setting will thus depend on the non-breast tumours included in the differential diagnosis.
Collapse
|
31
|
El Hag MI, Ha J, Farag R, El Hag AM, Michael CW. Utility of GATA-3 in the work-Up of breast adenocarcinoma and its differential diagnosis in serous effusions:: A Cell-Block Microarray Study. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:731-6. [PMID: 27338760 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA-3 is a transcription factor involved in human tissue growth and differentiation. It is a potential marker for breast carcinoma origin in metastasis and predictive of good prognosis. We aim to evaluate the role of GATA3 in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant effusions using immunohistochemistry on cell-block microarray in comparison with ER and PR results. METHODS Cell blocks from 100 cases of malignant and reactive serous effusions with confirmed diagnosis were selected; 28 mammary carcinomas, 64 extra-mammary adenocarcinomas (gastrointestinal, pulmonary, gynecologic), and 8 reactive mesothelium proliferation as control. Immunohistochemistry on cell-block microarray was used. Microarray slides were stained for GATA-3, ER and PR. Nuclear staining of >1% was considered positive. RESULTS GATA3, ER and PR were positive in 25 (89%), 20 (71%) and 16 (57%) of breast carcinoma cases, respectively. All non-breast cancer cases were negative for GATA-3 with the exception of one Müllerian adenocarcinoma (1.6%). The calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of GATA3 reactivity in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma was 89.3% (95% CI: 71.7-97.7%), 98.6% (95% CI: 91.6-99.9%) and 96.2% (95% CI: 80.4-99.9%), respectively. GATA3 positivity was associated with ER or PR positivity in 84% of cases. CONCLUSIONS GATA3 is a useful marker in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant serous effusions. Reactivity to GATA3 may indicate good prognosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:731-736. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I El Hag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer Ha
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Rm 212B, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rosemary Farag
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Rm 212B, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amani M El Hag
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claire W Michael
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Rm 212B, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|