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Gallagher JE, Mattos Savage GC, Crummey SC, Sabbah W, Makino Y, Varenne B. Health workforce for oral health inequity: Opportunity for action. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292549. [PMID: 38870162 PMCID: PMC11175420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health is high on the global agenda following the adoption of the 2022 global strategy on oral health at the 75th World Health Assembly. Given the global burden of oral disease, workforce development to achieve universal health coverage [UHC] is crucial to respond to population needs within the non-communicable disease agenda. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the oral health workforce [OHWF] globally in relation to key contextual factors. Data from the National Health Workforce Accounts and a survey of World Health Organization [WHO] member states were integrated for analysis, together with country-level data on population and income status. Data are presented using the WHO categorisation of global regions and income status categories established by the World Bank. Workforce densities for key OHWF categories were examined. Multiple regression was used to model workforce density and contextual influences. Challenges and possible solutions were examined by country income status. There are approximately 3.30 dentists per 10,000 population globally, and a combined OHWF [dentists, dental assistants/therapists and dental prosthetic technicians] of 5.31 per 10,000. Marked regional inequalities are evident, most notably between WHO European and African regions; yet both make greater use of skill mix than other regions. When adjusted by region, 'country income status' and 'population urbanization' are strong predictors of the workforce density of dentists and even more so for the combined OHWF. Maldistribution of the workforce [urban/rural] was considered a particular workforce challenge globally and especially for lower-income countries. Strengthening oral health policy was considered most important for the future. The global distribution of dentists, and the OHWF generally, is inequitable, with variable and limited use of skill mix. Creative workforce development is required to achieve the global oral health agenda and work towards equity using innovative models of care, supported by effective governance and integrated policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Gallagher
- Dental Public Health, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Denmark Hill Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grazielle C. Mattos Savage
- Dental Public Health, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Denmark Hill Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C. Crummey
- Dental Public Health, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Denmark Hill Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Dental Public Health, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Denmark Hill Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuka Makino
- Noncommunicable Diseases Management Team, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Cité Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Benoit Varenne
- WHO Oral Health Programme, Noncommunicable Diseases Department | Division of Universal Health Coverage & Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Davda LS, Radford DR, Scambler S, Gallagher JE. A typology of internationally qualified dentists in the United Kingdom. J Migr Health 2024; 9:100232. [PMID: 38826513 PMCID: PMC11141152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Global Strategy for Human Resources for Health 2030, requires member states to half their dependency on an international workforce by 2030. In order to design policies towards that goal, country-specific research on migration motivations of the health workforce is required. The United Kingdom (UK) is a net importer of health professionals and whilst there is a body of research on doctors' and nurses' migration, there is no research on the migration motivations of migrant dentists in the UK. This research explored the migration motivations of internationally qualified dentists (IQDs) in the UK and presents a typology to understand the global migration of dentists in the context of oral health workforce. Methods The paper presents qualitative data from semi-structured interviews conducted between August 2014 and October 2017, of IQDs working in the United Kingdom. The topic guide for interviews was informed by the literature, with new themes added inductively. A phenomenological approach involving an epistemological stance of interpretivism, was used with framework analysis. Results A total of 38 internationally qualified dentists (M = 18, F = 20), migrating from the five World Health Organization regions, and working in general practice, NHS hospitals and in community dental services across the four nations of the UK were interviewed. Seven types of internationally qualified dentists were identified working in the UK. They were livelihood migrants, career-orientated migrants, dependant migrants, backpacker migrants, commuter migrants, undocumented migrants, and education-tourist migrant. The categories were based on their migration motivations, which were complex, multifactorial, and included personal, professional, national, and international drivers. The typology, based on their migration motivations, offered a structured, comprehensive understanding of the migrant dental workforce. This typology involving dentists provides additional dimensions to commuter and undocumented migrants described in the context of other health professionals. The education-tourist migrant is a new category proposed as an extension to existing typology in health professional migration. Conclusions The typology of internationally qualified dentists has congruency with other health professionals' typology in categories previously described and demonstrates that each of these categories are complex, fluid and change in response to policy changes. The new category of education-tourist migrant along with oral health dimensions of commuter and undocumented migrants adds to the existing typology in health professional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha S Davda
- Ministry of Defence, Bulford SP4 9AD, UK
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, PO1 2QG, UK
| | - David R Radford
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, PO1 2QG, UK
- King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Sasha Scambler
- King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Ganbavale SG, Louca C, Twigg L, Wanyonyi K. Socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in dental health of 5-year-old children in England. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024. [PMID: 38509026 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in the prevalence of dental caries amongst 5-year-olds living across small areas within England. METHODS Ecological data from the National Dental Epidemiology Programme (NDEP) 2018-2019, comprising information on the percentage of 5-year-olds with tooth decay (≥1 teeth that are decayed into dentine, missing due to decay, or filled), and untreated tooth decay (≥1 decayed but untreated teeth), in lower-tier local authorities (LAs) of England. These were analysed for association with a newly developed Index of Sugar-Promoting Environments Affecting Child Dental Health (ISPE-ACDH). The index quantifies sugar-promoting determinants within a child's environment and provides standardized scores for the index, and its component domains that is, neighbourhood-, school- and family-environment, with the highest scores representing the highest levels of sugar promotion in lower-tier LAs (N = 317) of England. Linear regressions, including unadjusted models separately using index and each domain, and models adjusted for domains were built for each dental outcome. RESULTS Participants lived across 272 of 317 lower-tier LAs measured within the index. The average percentage of children with tooth decay and untreated tooth decay was 22.5 (SD: 8.5) and 19.6 (SD: 8.3), respectively. The mean index score was (0.1 [SD: 1.01]). Mean domain scores were: neighbourhood (0.02 [SD: 1.03]), school (0.1 [SD: 1.0]), and family (0.1 [SD: 0.9]). Unadjusted linear regressions indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with tooth decay increased by 5.04, 3.71, 4.78 and 5.24 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school and family domains, respectively. An additional model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.37, and by family domain it increased to 6.33. Furthermore, unadjusted models indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with untreated tooth decay increased by 4.72, 3.42, 4.45 and 4.97 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school, and family domains, respectively. The model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.24 and by family domain rose to 6.47. School-domain was not significantly associated with either outcome in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that socioenvironmental sugar promotion, particularly within neighbourhood- and family-environments, may contribute to geographical inequalities in dental caries in children. Further research involving data on individual-level dental outcomes and confounders is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi G Ganbavale
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Chris Louca
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Liz Twigg
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kristina Wanyonyi
- THIS Institute (The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Mohd Khairuddin AN, Bogale B, Kang J, Gallagher JE. Impact of dental visiting patterns on oral health: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. BDJ Open 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38448428 PMCID: PMC10917741 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To systematically review longitudinal studies investigating the impact of dental visiting patterns on oral health across the life course. METHODS Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL) were searched up to March 2023. Results were screened based on eligibility criteria in a two-stage process: title and abstract, and full-text review. A backward search of reference lists and a forward search of citations of the included papers was also conducted. The quality of the included papers was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Key study information was extracted and a narrative synthesis of the findings was performed. RESULTS Eleven papers from five longitudinal studies in five countries (Australia, Brazil, China, New Zealand, Sweden) met the inclusion criteria. Studies of moderate to high quality consistently reported that regular dental attendance was associated with having less dental caries experience, fewer missing teeth and better oral health-related quality of life. Inconsistent findings were observed for decayed teeth, and no association was found for periodontal condition. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights an association between regular dental visiting pattern and improved oral health, notably less dental caries experience and better oral health-related quality of life. Dental attendance emerges as an important predictor of oral health across the life course, underscoring the importance of routine dental care. REGISTRATION INFORMATION The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023396380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Najwa Mohd Khairuddin
- Dental Public Health, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Birke Bogale
- Dental Public Health, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jing Kang
- Oral Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Dental Public Health, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Jain N, Dutt U, Radenkov I, Jain S. WHO's global oral health status report 2022: Actions, discussion and implementation. Oral Dis 2024; 30:73-79. [PMID: 36680388 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Jain
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Upasna Dutt
- Department of Public Health, Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Igor Radenkov
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Shivani Jain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur, India
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Campus G, Maclennan A, von Hoyningen-Huene J, Wolf TG, Aerden M, Benyahya I, Bonaventura J, Brolese ELK, Linton JL, Gogilashvili K, Marron-Tarrazi I, Ilhan D, Iwasaki M, Grzech-Lesniak K, Perlea P, Thabet N. The Presence of Women in the Dental Profession: A Global Survey. Int Dent J 2024; 74:110-118. [PMID: 37748962 PMCID: PMC10865874 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to acquire knowledge about the female dental workforce, identifying factors to pursue specialty training and career choices and working in dental institutions/associations. METHODS An original online questionnaire was developed, validated (n = 22), and sent to 189 member associations in 133 countries of the Women Dentists Worldwide section of the FDI World Dental Federation. RESULTS In all, 3232 female dentists from 81 countries participated. Results were divided into 5 geographic areas by continent. Difference in proportion amongst questionnaire items was evaluated with χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Ordinal multinomial linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of questionnaire items with total work experience in dentistry (in years), motivation to study dentistry, type of specialisation, working hours per week, perception of female dentists about working hours, sex-based inequalities, job security after maternity leaves, as well as involvement in political organisations within their country of residence and their role in dental associations. A majority of participating female dentists are self-employed (57.7%), and 60.0% have 10 to 30 years of experience. The most popular form of practice is the single private practice (29.7%), followed by the group private practice (28.8%). Further, 44.8% work 31 to 40 h/wk, 29.1% part-time up to 30 h/wk, and 26.0% more than 40 h/wk. CONCLUSIONS Women are still poorly represented in professional organisations, and few are officers in representative assemblies, members of the board, or president. Family life with children influences perceptions and has an impact on professional life, especially in academia and political/professional associations, so that taking on leadership positions poses additional challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anastasia Maclennan
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michele Aerden
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Duygu Ilhan
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | - Makiko Iwasaki
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | | | - Paula Perlea
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
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Hong YR, Hwangbo NK, Kim AH, Kim ST. Validity of a Mobile Application to Diagnose Temporomandibular Disorders. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7193. [PMID: 38002805 PMCID: PMC10671883 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a mobile application by comparing its diagnoses to those of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine specialists and further imaging results (CBCT and MRI) in 500 patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The research focused on three diagnostic categories: the initial specialist diagnoses, the final diagnoses after imaging, and the mobile app's diagnoses. The concordance rates, sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values of the diagnoses were examined, with further imaging serving as the gold standard. The mobile app demonstrated a high concordance rate compared to both the final (0.93) and the initial specialists' diagnoses (0.86). The sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values also indicated strong reliability, affirming the app's diagnostic validity. Although the concordance rate was slightly lower when comparing the app's diagnoses to the imaging results (CBCT and MRI), the specialists' diagnoses yielded similar results. The study suggests that user-friendly diagnostic mobile applications, based on the diagnostic criteria for TMD, could enhance the clinical management of TMD. Given the reliability of mobile applications for diagnostic purposes, their wider implementation could facilitate the provision of appropriate and timely treatments for patients with TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Ree Hong
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.-R.H.); (N.-K.H.)
| | - Na-Kyung Hwangbo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.-R.H.); (N.-K.H.)
| | - Alec-Hyung Kim
- TMJ & Orofacial Pain Clinic, Los Angeles, CA 90006, USA;
| | - Seong-Taek Kim
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (Y.-R.H.); (N.-K.H.)
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Bozia M, Berkhout E, van der Weijden F, Slot DE. Anaesthesia and Caries Treatment by Dental Hygienists: A Worldwide Review. Int Dent J 2023; 73:288-295. [PMID: 36266112 PMCID: PMC10023583 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to summarise the competencies and legal position of the dental hygienist (DH) regarding local anaesthesia and caries treatment through a worldwide review. METHODS A structured and peer-reviewed online questionnaire consisting of 27 questions was developed and emailed to all DH associations that are members of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists or European Dental Hygienists Federation. After obtaining the data, all responding associations were contacted to confirm that the data were summarised in the correct order and were asked to provide further clarification of answers if necessary. A descriptive analysis was performed to summarise the data. RESULTS Thirty-one countries were approached and 26 responded, resulting in a response rate of 84%. In 62% of the countries, the DH can administer local anaesthesia via infiltration and/or block anaesthesia. In 23% of the countries, the DH can indicate the placement of a caries restoration. In 15% of the countries, the DH can place caries restorations. In 81% of the countries, the DH can apply sealants. CONCLUSIONS Considerable variation exists amongst countries regarding the extended scope of DH practice. Overall, independently administering local anaesthesia appears to be more accepted as being within the scope of DH practice than caries removal and the placement of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryam Bozia
- Department of Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erwin Berkhout
- Department of Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fridus van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Else Slot
- Department of Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wilson GJ, Wordley V, Grocock R, Shah S, Devalia U, Iricijan J, Sayma M, Adelaja I, MacLachlan G, Ormond M, Hurley S. Utilising the Dental Workforce in England, United Kingdom, to optimise the response to COVID-19. Health Policy 2023; 131:104760. [PMID: 36990044 PMCID: PMC10017174 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 presents a unique and significant challenge to healthcare systems across the globe. Dental workforce redeployment, in England, during the response to Coronavirus (COVID-19), is the first reported national effort to redeploy a professional body into new clinical environments. The policy decision to facilitate redeployment of the dental workforce, in March 2020, by the Office of the Chief Dental Officer (OCDO), increased flexibility within workforce systems and allowed increasing demand on healthcare services to be managed safely and effectively. This paper outlines how this policy change was achieved via a multi-professional approach, mapping competencies of the dental workforce to high-priority areas of healthcare need. The dental workforce has a varied and often specialised skill set, offering expertise in infection prevention and control, airway management and often, behaviour management. These skills can be an important contribution to tackling a pandemic where expertise in these areas is vital. This increase in workforce supply allows healthcare systems to improve their surge response capabilities. Additionally, redeployment presents an opportunity to create greater and sustained collaboration between the medical and dental professions, leading to greater understanding of the contribution of oral health to wider medical wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Wilson
- NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Gavin J Wilson, Chief Dental Officer's Clinical Fellow, NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom, +447733318782
| | | | - Ryan Grocock
- NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sagar Shah
- NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Meelad Sayma
- NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ini Adelaja
- NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martyn Ormond
- NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Hurley
- NHS England & NHS Improvement, London, United Kingdom
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Stepovic M, Vekic S, Vojinovic R, Jovanovic K, Radovanovic S, Radevic S, Rancic N. Analysis and Forecast of Indicators Related to Medical Workers and Medical Technology in Selected Countries of Eastern Europe and Balkan. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050655. [PMID: 36900660 PMCID: PMC10000486 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Health indicators measure certain health characteristics in a specific population or country and can help navigate the health systems. As the global population is rising, the demand for an increase in the number of health workers is simultaneously rising. The aim of this study was to compare and predict the indicators related to the number of medical workers and medical technologies in selected countries in Eastern Europe and Balkan in the studied period. The article analyzed the reported data of selected health indicators extracted from the European Health for All database. The indicators of interest were the number of physicians, pharmacists, general practitioners and dentists per 100,000 people. To observe the changes in these indicators through the available years, we used linear trends, regression analysis and forecasting to the year 2025. The regression analysis shows that the majority of the observed countries will experience an increase in the number of general practitioners, pharmacists, health workers/professionals and dentists, as well as in the number of computerized tomography scanners and the number of magnetic resonance units, predicted to occur by 2025. Following trends of medical indicators can help the government and health sector to focus and navigate the best investments for each country according to the level of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Stepovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefan Vekic
- Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radisa Vojinovic
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Kristijan Jovanovic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snezana Radovanovic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Radevic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Rancic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence in Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Kebede N, Wondiye H, Melkamu L, Anagaw TF, Assefa E, Bogale EK, Hailu G, Mohammed Y, Adane B. Application of the integrated behavioral model to identify the predictors of toothbrushing practices among primary school children at Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:638. [PMID: 36566198 PMCID: PMC9789586 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the level of behavioral intention and tooth-brushing practices is crucial for the implementation of the intervention. However, such studies are too limited in Ethiopia. The current study employed a health behavior model to identify predictors that can serve to support primary school children's attitudes, intentions, knowledge, environmental constraints, and practices of tooth brushing. Thus, this study aimed to assess tooth brushing practices and their predictors among primary school children in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. An Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school children in Bahir Dar city. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 610 participants. Data were collected using pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires adapted from items' previous literature were used for integrated behavioral model constructs incorporated with elicitation study results. Data were entered into Epi data and then analyzed by Stata. Descriptive statistics were done. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to check the convergent validity of the measurement. The Internal reliability of the items was also checked using composite reliability. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict the role of independent variables in toothbrushing practices. Moreover, path analysis was performed to check the causal effect of integrated behavioral model constructs on toothbrushing practices. The goodness of fit of the final model was checked using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test of best fit with a large p value = 0.97 and Area under receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.98. The overall prevalence of the current practice of toothbrushing among the respondents was 45.4%. The prevalence of brushing frequency was 243 (89.01%), 27 (9.89%), and 3 (1.09%) brushed once a day, twice a day, and more than twice a day respectively. Female child's [AOR 3.23, 95% CI 1.48-7.02], mothers' education [AOR 4.6; 95% CI 1.22-17.44], past experience of toothbrushing [AOR 0.042; CI 0.018-0.101], knowledge about tooth brushing practices [AOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.09-1.60], behavioral intention [AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.74-2.32], experiential attitude [AOR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01-1.17],instrumental attitude [AOR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03], and descriptive norm [AOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14] were predictors of toothbrushing practices. The findings indicate that the practice of toothbrushing practices among primary school students was low. Sex, mother's education, knowledge, intention, experience, experiential attitude, instrumental attitude, and descriptive norm, have significant effects on toothbrushing practices; indicating that the integrated behavioral model showed adequate utility in predicting toothbrushing practices in the study area. School-based toothbrushing practices change interventions such as communication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natnael Kebede
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Wondiye
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Lidiya Melkamu
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Fentabil Anagaw
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Assefa
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Mizan Tipi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Ketema Bogale
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Hailu
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
| | - Yirgalem Mohammed
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Health System and Policy, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bezawit Adane
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Sarapultseva M, Zolotareva A, Nasretdinova N, Sarapultsev A. The Healing Environment of Dental Clinics through the Eyes of Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13516. [PMID: 36294114 PMCID: PMC9603286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The physical environment of healthcare settings can promote both the healing process and patient feelings of well-being, as well as instill positive emotions in employees. The present study aimed to evaluate the dental work environment of a typical private and public dental clinic to identify key parameters that determine the perception of health facilities by patients and employees. The study was carried out from 1 to 20 December 2021, in two dental clinics in Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation) using 'ASPECT'. The participants were 58 staff and 94 patients. The results showed that, compared with patients, staff reported higher views scores, nature and outdoors scores, and comfort and control scores. The common criterion that distinguishes private clinics from public ones was comfort and control. Compared with patients in state clinics, patients in private clinics reported higher privacy, company and dignity scores, comfort and control scores, interior appearance scores, and facility scores. In general, while views scores and nature parameters can be singled out as a universal absolute value for everyone in a particular environment, staff pay more attention to factors that contribute to long-term comfortable stay and performance of their duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sarapultseva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Firm Vital EBB, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Natal’ya Nasretdinova
- Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization «Association Stomatology», 620102 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Physiology (IIP), 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Qin X, Zi H, Zeng X. Changes in the global burden of untreated dental caries from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10714. [PMID: 36193522 PMCID: PMC9526157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the burden of untreated dental caries in 204 countries and territories over 30 years. Methods Data of untreated dental caries from 1990 to 2019, including the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to assess the changes in the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability rates. Results Globally, in 2019, there were 3.09 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.76–3.39 billion) new cases of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth (48.00% increase), 2.03 billion (1.77–2.33) prevalent cases (46.07% increase), and 2.00 million (0.93–3.88) YLDs (45.64% increase), all since 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth showed an upward trend (estimated annual percentage changes [EAPC] = 0.01), but age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) (EAPC = −0.13) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) (EAPC = −0.13) decreased. There were 1.15 billion (0.79–1.52) new cases of untreated dental caries in deciduous teeth (11.74% increase), 0.52 billion (0.41–0.63) prevalent cases (5.89% increase), and 0.20 million (0.09–0.43) YLDs (6.03% increase), all since 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth showed a stable trend (EAPC = 0), but the ASPR (EAPC = −0.15) and ASYR (EAPC = −0.14) decreased. The incidence of untreated dental caries peaked at the ages of 5–9 and 20–24 years, and the prevalence and years lived with disability at 1–4, 20–24, and 60–64 years. Conclusion Untreated dental caries remains a major global public health challenge, but demographic, sex, and regional differences in trends remain. Proactive intervention strategies, at both administrative and academic levels, based on dynamic changes, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoFeng Qin
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Zi
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XiaoJuan Zeng
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Chung PC, Chan TC. Association between local spatial accessibility of dental care services and dental care quality. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:582. [PMID: 34789214 PMCID: PMC8600821 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to evaluate the allocation of dental resources and explore access to dental care in Taiwan. In addition, we tried to understand the spatiotemporal characteristics of dental care quality and analyze the relationship between dental care quality and areas with deficiencies in dental resources. METHODS The study used a two-step floating catchment area to calculate the dental resources accessibility and explore the spatiotemporal distributions of dental care quality. The association between dental care quality and spatial accessibility was analyzed using a spatial error model. RESULTS Most areas with deficient dental resources and lower dental care quality were remote townships, agricultural towns, or aging towns with spatial clustering. The quality of children's preventive dental care had increased over time. Most highly urbanized areas had higher dental care quality. The quality of some dental care types such as children's preventive care and full-mouth calculous removal was associated with higher accessibility. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of both dental care accessibility and quality can assist in allocation of dental care resources. Adequate dental resources may elevate dental care quality. Suggestions include policies to balance dental resources and routinely monitor improvement in areas with deficient dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chen Chung
- Department of Dentistry, Puzi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Purohit BM, Kharbanda OP, Priya H. Universal oral health coverage - Perspectives from a developing country. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:610-618. [PMID: 34704290 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is where people have access to health services without suffering financial hardship to pay for it, provide equitable health-care services that are appropriate, accessible and affordable for all people, particularly poor and disadvantaged communities. However, optimal intervention in relation to oral disease is not universally available or affordable specifically in developing countries because of limited resources at public sector, escalating costs of treatment and inadequate emphasis on primary prevention of oral diseases. Similar barriers also exist in utilisation of dental services among the Indian population. Integrating oral health into UHC will help improve oral health outcomes and reduce inequalities in access to care. To strengthen the oral health system towards UHC, public sector spending on oral health-care should be equally focused on primary care instead of directing mainly into only tertiary care, which could help reduce the number of complications progress to more expensive and more aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi M Purohit
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - O P Kharbanda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Priya
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Ghotane SG, Don-Davis P, Kamara D, Harper PR, Challacombe SJ, Gallagher JE. Needs-led human resource planning for Sierra Leone in support of oral health. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:106. [PMID: 34470631 PMCID: PMC8411531 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sierra Leone (SL), a low-income country in West Africa, dental care is very limited, largely private, and with services focused in the capital Freetown. There is no formal dental education. Ten dentists supported by a similar number of dental care professionals (DCPs) serve a population of over 7.5 million people. The objective of this research was to estimate needs-led requirements for dental care and human resources for oral health to inform capacity building, based on a national survey of oral health in SL. METHODS A dedicated operational research (OR) decision tool was constructed in Microsoft Excel to support this project. First, total treatment needs were estimated from our national epidemiological survey data for three key ages (6, 12 and 15 years), collected using the 'International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS)' tool. Second, oral health needs were extrapolated to whole population levels for each year-group, based on census demographic data. Third, full time equivalent (FTE) workforce capacity needs were estimated for mid-level providers in the form of Dental Therapists (DTs) and non-dental personnel based on current oral disease management approaches and clinical timings for treatment procedures. Fourth, informed by an expert panel, three oral disease management scenarios were explored for the national population: (1) Conventional care (CC): comprising oral health promotion (including prevention), restorations and tooth extraction; (2) Surgical and Preventive care (S5&6P and S6P): comprising oral health promotion (inc. prevention) and tooth extraction (D5 and D6 together, & at D6 level only); and (3) Prevention only (P): consisting of oral health promotion (inc. prevention). Fifth, the findings were extrapolated to the whole population based on demography, assuming similar levels of treatment need. RESULTS To meet the needs of a single year-group of childrens' needs, an average of 163 DTs (range: 133-188) would be required to deliver Conventional care (CC); 39 DTs (range: 30-45) to deliver basic Surgical and Preventive care (S6P); 54 DTs for more extended Surgical and Preventive care (S5&6P) (range 38-68); and 27 DTs (range: 25-32) to deliver Prevention only (P). When scaled up to the total population, an estimated 6,147 DTs (range: 5,565-6,870) would be required to deliver Conventional care (CC); 1,413 DTs (range: 1255-1438 DTs) to deliver basic Surgical and Preventive care (S6P); 2,000 DTs (range 1590-2236) for more extended Surgical and Preventive care (S5&6P) (range 1590-2236); and 1,028 DTs to deliver Prevention only (P) (range: 1016-1046). Furthermore, if oral health promotion activities, including individualised prevention, could be delivered by non-dental personnel, then the remaining surgical care could be delivered by 385 DTs (range: 251-488) for the S6P scenario which was deemed as the minimum basic baseline service involving extracting all teeth with extensive caries into dentine. More realistically, 972 DTs (range: 586-1179) would be needed for the S5&6P scenario in which all teeth with distinctive and extensive caries into dentine are extracted. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the huge dental workforce needs required to deliver even minimal oral health care to the Sierra Leone population. The gap between the current workforce and the oral health needs of the population is stark and requires urgent action. The study also demonstrates the potential for contemporary epidemiological tools to predict dental treatment needs and inform workforce capacity building in a low-income country, exploring a range of solutions involving mid-level providers and non-dental personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Gajendra Ghotane
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences At King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS United Kingdom
| | - Patric Don-Davis
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - David Kamara
- Oral Health Department, Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Paul R. Harper
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4AG UK
| | - Stephen J. Challacombe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences At King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Guys Campus, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Jennifer E. Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences At King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS United Kingdom
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Amosun S, Kimmie-Dhansay F, Geerts G, Basson R. Career Development of Academic Staff in Faculties of Dentistry by Means of Mentorship Programs: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e27239. [PMID: 34287219 PMCID: PMC8339986 DOI: 10.2196/27239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the demands on dental educators continue to diversify and expand. Due to their importance and value, mentoring programs have been acknowledged as a means of recruiting, developing, and retaining academics in dental education. OBJECTIVE This protocol is for a scoping review that aims to identify the goals of mentoring programs for academic staff in dental faculties and determine how these programs were structured, delivered, and evaluated. METHODS The review will be performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews, which covers both qualitative and quantitative scientific literature as well as grey literature written in English and published between 2000 and 2020. The databases will include PubMed, Ovid, the Educational Resources Information Center database, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Trove, Web of Science, Openthesis.org, and the website of the American Dental Education Association. A manual search will also be conducted by using the reference lists of included studies to identify additional articles. Working independently, the authors will participate iteratively in literature screening, paper selection, and data extraction. Disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved by discussion until a consensus is reached or after consultation with the research team. Key information that is relevant to the review questions will be extracted from the selected articles and imported into a Microsoft Excel file. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) will be used to guide the reporting of this protocol. RESULTS The search for appropriate literature has commenced, and we aim to present the results before the end of the 2021 academic year. CONCLUSIONS The development of formal mentorship programs for academics in dental education will enhance the retention of academic staff. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/27239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyi Amosun
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Greta Geerts
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Reneda Basson
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Benzian H, Listl S. [Global oral health in the international health policy spotlight-challenges and new opportunities for sustainable improvement]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:871-878. [PMID: 34100957 PMCID: PMC8185487 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Orale Erkrankungen sind ein signifikantes globales Gesundheitsproblem über alle Länder und Bevölkerungsgruppen hinweg. Mit fast 3,5 Mrd. Erkrankungsfällen (2017) sind so viele Menschen betroffen wie von keiner anderen Krankheitsgruppe. Die Haupterkrankungen sind unbehandelte Karies der bleibenden oder der Milchzähne, fortgeschrittene Parodontopathien, Zahnlosigkeit sowie Karzinome der Mundhöhle und Lippen. Bei weitgehend unverändert hoher globaler Prävalenz erhöhen durch Bevölkerungswachstum bedingte stark steigende Fallzahlen den Druck auf schwache oder überlastete Gesundheitssysteme, insbesondere in Ländern der unteren und mittleren Einkommensgruppen. Dennoch wird der Mundgesundheit in vielen Ländern nur unzureichende Priorität eingeräumt und sie erhält als wichtiges Thema im gesundheitspolitischen Diskurs der deutschen und globalen Akteure nach wie vor wenig Aufmerksamkeit. Eine der fundamentalen Herausforderungen ist dabei die Gewährleistung eines allgemeinen und fairen Zugangs zu adäquater universeller Basisgesundheitsversorgung für alle Menschen ohne Verursachung von finanziellen Härten (Universal Health Coverage). Dieser Beitrag gibt einen einführenden Überblick über die globalen Trends der weltweiten Krankheitslast der oralen Haupterkrankungen, die von starken Ungleichheiten geprägt sind. Verbesserungsansätze aus der bevölkerungsweiten Risikoreduktion und Prävention, der Versorgungsplanung sowie gesundheitspolitische Lösungen werden kurz vorgestellt. Dabei werden die im internationalen Diskurs wichtigen Themen angesprochen und die im Rahmen einer Lancet-Artikelserie zur globalen Mundgesundheit aus dem Jahr 2019 entwickelten Reformbereiche besprochen. Schließlich werden neue Initiativen diskutiert sowie Empfehlungen für die deutsche und internationale gesundheitliche Entwicklungspolitik gegeben, die in den kommenden Jahren die Situation der globalen Mundgesundheit entscheidend verbessern könnten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Benzian
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, WHO Collaborating Center for Quality Improvement & Evidence-based Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Listl
- Lehrstuhl für Quality and Safety of Oral Health Care, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Niederlande. .,Sektion Translationale Gesundheitsökonomie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltungskunde, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Jo O, Kruger E, Tennant M. Public transport access to NHS dental care in Great Britain. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-3002-3. [PMID: 34045673 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective Access to transport is a common barrier to oral health. Greater dependence on public transport has shown delayed oral healthcare, lack of usual source of care and greater unmet health needs. This study examined the spatial accessibility of the population of Great Britain to public transport in providing access to oral healthcare.Methods A total of 8,791 dental practices in Great Britain were identified and geocoded. There were 10,444 rail, metro and light rail stops and 348,961 bus and tram stops. Geographic information systems were utilised to integrate the dental practice locations and public transport points to respective census tracts of each nation containing population data, deprivation measures, and classification of rural and urban areas.Results Almost all dental clinics in Great Britain were located within 400 m of bus and tram stops or 800 m of a rail, metro or light rail stop. Similarly, in Scotland and England, 92% lived within any public transport (within 400m of bus and tram stops or 800m of a rail, metro or light rail stop), and in Wales, 84.2% lived within any public transport stop. However, only 75.1%, 79.6% and 60.4% of the population of Scotland, England and Wales had access to a high-frequency bus stop, respectively. In Scotland, England and Wales, 40.7%, 33.7% and 38.3% of rural residents did not have access to any public transport and only 4.9%, 7.5% and 14.6% of the rural residents had access to an optimal bus stop, respectively. In Wales, 19.5% of older adults do not have access to a bus stop.Conclusion Some transport-disadvantaged groups do not have adequate access to public transport services. There is a compelling need to address public transport integration with oral health facilities to ensure equality in accessing integral services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Jo
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia.
| | - Estie Kruger
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Perth, 6009, Australia; International Research Collaborative Oral Health and Equity, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Perth, 6009, Australia; International Research Collaborative Oral Health and Equity, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
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Tiwari R, Bhayat A, Chikte U. Forecasting for the need of dentists and specialists in South Africa until 2030. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251238. [PMID: 33999933 PMCID: PMC8128226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To manage the increasing burden of dental diseases, a robust health system is essential. In order to ensure the oral health system operates at an optimal level going into the future, a forecast of the national shortfall of dentists and dental specialists in South Africa (SA) was undertaken. There is currently a shortage of dentists and specialists in SA and given the huge burden of dental diseases, there is a dire need to increase the number of these health care workers. The aim was to determine the projected shortfall of dentists and specialists in each of the nine provinces in SA. The projected shortfall was calculated based on the SA Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for each province. The estimate for the evaluation of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) for SA was obtained from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Global Burden of Disease website. For each province, age standardized DALYs were calculated with mid-year population estimates obtained from Statistics SA 2018. In order to reduce the existing human resources for health (HRH) inequity among the provinces of SA, three scenarios were created focussing on attaining horizontal equity. The best-case scenario estimates a shortfall of 430, 1252 and 1885 dentists and specialists in 2018, 2024 and 2030 respectively. In an optimistic scenario, the national shortfall was calculated at 733, 1540 and 2158 dentists and specialists for the years 2018, 2024 and 2030 respectively. In an aspirational scenario, shortfalls of 853 (2018), 1655 (2024) and 2267 (2030) dentists and specialists were forecasted. Access to oral health services should be ensured through the optimum supply of trained dentists and specialists and the delivery of appropriate oral health services. Thus, the roadmap provided for upscaling the oral health services recognizes the influence of both demand and supply factors on the pursuit of equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Tiwari
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Bhayat
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Usuf Chikte
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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Balasubramanian M, Hasan A, Ganbavale S, Alolayah A, Gallagher J. Planning the Future Oral Health Workforce: A Rapid Review of Supply, Demand and Need Models, Data Sources and Skill Mix Considerations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062891. [PMID: 33808981 PMCID: PMC7999471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in oral health workforce planning. The purpose of this review is to examine oral health workforce planning models on supply, demand and needs, mainly in respect to their data sources, modelling technique and use of skill mix. A limited search was carried out on PubMed and Web of Science for published scientific articles on oral health workforce planning models between 2010 to 2020. No restrictions were placed on the type of modelling philosophy, and all studies including supply, demand or needs based models were included. Rapid review methods guided the review process. Twenty-three studies from 15 countries were included in the review. A majority were from high-income countries (n = 17). Dentists were the sole oral health workforce group modelled in 13 studies; only five studies included skill mix (allied dental personnel) considerations. The most common application of modelling was a workforce to population ratio or a needs-based demand weighted variant. Nearly all studies presented weaknesses in modelling process due to the limitations in data sources and/or non-availability of the necessary data to inform oral health workforce planning. Skill mix considerations in planning models were also limited to horizontal integration within oral health professionals. Planning for the future oral health workforce is heavily reliant on quality data being available for supply, demand and needs models. Integrated methodologies that expand skill mix considerations and account for uncertainty are essential for future planning exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-410-993-893
| | - Aliya Hasan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Suruchi Ganbavale
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
- Dental Academy, William Beatty Building, Hampshire Terrace, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK
| | - Anfal Alolayah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Jennifer Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
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Bogale B, Engida F, Hanlon C, Prince MJ, Gallagher JE. Dental caries experience and associated factors in adults: a cross-sectional community survey within Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 33478460 PMCID: PMC7819221 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethiopia is a developing sub-Saharan African country with increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including oral conditions. Oral health and dental care have been given little consideration, and there is limited information relating to population oral health and use of dental services in the country. The aim of this study was to examine the burden and associated factors of dental caries experience and investigate access to dental care amongst adults within Ethiopia. Methods This community-based oral health survey is a baseline study for the ASSET - Health System Strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa project undertaken in the Butajira area, south-central Ethiopia. A stratified random sample of households and individuals participated in the study. The survey instruments were mainly based on the WHO Oral Health Survey Methods manual (5th ed.). Face-to-face interviews and clinical dental examinations were conducted. The data were analysed for descriptive statistics; and Poisson regression models were built to assess the association of dental caries and predictor variables in adults (≥18 years). Results Most of the study population (n = 626) were female (63.9%), married (71.4%) and Muslim (76.0%). Just over half (53.2%) lived in rural areas and many (44.4%) had no formal education. A majority (74.0%) reported never utilising dental care services, and the main reason was never experiencing any dental problem (71.3%). Sixty percent (n = 377) of the adults had experienced dental caries, 88.0% (n = 332) of whom had untreated carious teeth. Pain or discomfort was reported by 16.5, and 7.2% had one or more PUFA component. Most (59.9%) adults with dental caries experience reported tooth pain or discomfort during the last year. In the fully adjusted Poisson regression model, increasing age, dental care utilisation and Khat chewing had positive significant associations with dental caries experience, whilst education status was negatively associated (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated a high burden of dental caries and considerable consequences resulting from untreated disease in this population of adults. There was evidence of social inequity, limited utilisation of dental care and oral health awareness. This highlights the need for oral health system strengthening focusing on health promotion and expanding overall access to care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10199-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birke Bogale
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK. .,Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Fasikawit Engida
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.,College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity-Building, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Martin J Prince
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
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Birch S, Ahern S, Brocklehurst P, Chikte U, Gallagher J, Listl S, Lalloo R, O'Malley L, Rigby J, Tickle M, Tomblin Murphy G, Woods N. Planning the oral health workforce: Time for innovation. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:17-22. [PMID: 33325124 PMCID: PMC7839544 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The levels and types of oral health problems occurring in populations change over time, while advances in technology change the way oral health problems are addressed and the ways care is delivered. These rapid changes have major implications for the size and mix of the oral health workforce, yet the methods used to plan the oral health workforce have remained rigid and isolated from planning of oral healthcare services and healthcare expenditures. In this paper, we argue that the innovation culture that has driven major developments in content and delivery of oral health care must also be applied to planning the oral health workforce if we are to develop ‘fit for purpose’ healthcare systems that meet the needs of populations in the 21st century. An innovative framework for workforce planning is presented focussed on responding to changes in population needs, service developments for meeting those needs and optimal models of care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Birch
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan Ahern
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Usuf Chikte
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Listl
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ratilal Lalloo
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lucy O'Malley
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet Rigby
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning & Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Martin Tickle
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gail Tomblin Murphy
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning & Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Noel Woods
- Centre for Policy Studies, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Davda LS, Radford DR, Scambler S, Gallagher JE. Profiles of registrant dentists and policy directions from 2000 to 2020. BDJ Open 2020; 6:26. [PMID: 33298834 PMCID: PMC7695988 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-020-00054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The National Health Service’s reliance on overseas doctors and nurses, unlike dentists, has been widely reported. As the United Kingdom (UK) leaves the European Union, an understanding of the migration trends and possible influences are important to inform future planning. Aim To examine trends in the profile of UK registered dentists in the context of key events and policy changes from 2000 to 2020. Method Data were obtained from the General Dental Council via annual reports, and under ‘freedom of information’ communications; details of policy initiatives were obtained from the government and professional websites. Results Over a 20-year period (2000–2019), the number of registered dentists increased from 31,325 to 42,469, a net increase of 36% (11,144 dentists), the majority of whom were international graduates (58%; n = 6,416) such that by December 2019, 28% of all registered dentists had qualified outside of the UK. Similarly, regarding new registrants, there were increases of graduates from UK (18%), EEA countries (214%) and, via the Overseas Registration Examination route (621%); and a decrease from countries with bilateral agreements for recognition (43%), in line with changes in health and immigration policies. Conclusions International dental graduates increasingly contribute to the UK dental workforce and there is an urgent need for research into dentist migration and retention in the UK in support of patient access to dental care. Impact The United Kingdom (UK) dental workforce is increasingly reliant on international dental graduates representing 28% of current registrants compared with 18% in 2000. Health policies and immigration policies were the main drivers that influenced dental workforce migration to the UK along with wider events, such as EU expansions, global recession and Brexit. Pre-existing lack of research into dental workforce could add to the uncertainties of post COVID-19 oral health care access and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha S Davda
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, PO1 2QG, UK. .,Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London,, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - David R Radford
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, PO1 2QG, UK.,Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London,, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Sasha Scambler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London,, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London,, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RS, UK
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Awudu A. Meeting the oral health needs of Ghana. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1596. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asoma Awudu
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Jo O, Kruger E, Tennant M. Geospatial analysis of the urban and rural/remote distribution of dental services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Int Dent J 2020; 70:444-454. [PMID: 32830329 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To address deficits in human resources for oral health data (HROH) in rural and remote areas in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland by spatially profiling and modelling the distribution pattern of dental practices according to Health Boards. METHODS National Health Service (NHS) dental practices were located and mapped against population and rural-urban classifications of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. All data collected were at the smallest geographical statistical hierarchy level in each country, and population data were retrieved from the 2011 census. RESULTS A total of 1,695 NHS dental practices were mapped against 27 Health Board regions. In Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, 18.3%, 18.7% and 7.7%, respectively, of the population living in the most remote areas resided within 2.5 km of a dental practice. In each country, the Health Boards with the largest proportion of the population living more than 10 km from a dental practice were the Western Isles (Scotland), Western Health and Social Care Trust (HSCT) (Northern Ireland) and Hywel Dda University Health Board (UHB) (Wales). In each country, the highest practice-to-population (PtP) ratios were found in Forth Valley (1:7,194) (Scotland), Southern HSCT (1:5,115) (Northern Ireland) and Hywel Dda UHB (Wales) (1:7,907). CONCLUSION Dental services are distributed unequally between urban and rural areas. PtP ratios coupled with GIS analysis are important tools to improve HROH distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Jo
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Estie Kruger
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. It is widely acknowledged that there are many social benefits to having a multicultural health force, including ensuring that there is less of a barrier around access for underrepresented groups. Despite this, certain healthcare professions, including dentistry, have struggled with the historical legacy of being conceptualised as a "white" profession and whether it is ethnically representative of the public it serves. This article examines the role and place of ethnicity in the dental profession in the UK. It will describe the changing ethnic composition of UK dentistry and highlight some of the challenges faced by the profession from an equality and diversity perspective. The current qualitative work of the author exploring the barriers and facilitators faced by students from an ethnic background pursuing a career in dentistry will also be introduced. It concludes by encouraging more research on this topic.
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