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Di T, Feng C, Wang L, Xu J, Du Y, Cheng B, Chen Y, Wu L. Enhancing Vasculogenesis in Dental Pulp Development: DPSCs-ECs Communication via FN1-ITGA5 Signaling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1060-1077. [PMID: 38418738 PMCID: PMC11087358 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental pulp regeneration therapy is a challenge to achieve early vascularization during treatment. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of vascular formation during human dental pulp development may provide insights for related therapies. In this study, we utilized single-cell sequencing analysis to compare the gene expression of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from developing and mature dental pulps. METHOD Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect fibronectin 1 (FN1) expression and molecules, such as PI3K/AKT. Cell proliferation assay, scratch assay, tube formation assay and were used to investigate the effects of DPSCs on the vasculogenetic capability of ECs. Additionally, animal experiments involving mice were conducted. RESULT The results revealed that DPSCs exist around dental pulp vasculature. FN1 expression was significantly higher in DPSCs from young permanent pulps than mature pulps, promoting HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation via ITGA5 and the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that intercellular communication between DPSCs and ECs mediated by FN1-ITGA5 signaling is crucial for vascularizationduring dental pulp development, laying an experimental foundation for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Di
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, No.969 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Center for Computational Biology, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No.969 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Xu
- Department of Stomatology, No.969 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Baixiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of General Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Xu S, Wei J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Duan M, Li J, Niu Z, Pu X, Huang M, Chen H, Zhou X, Xie J. PDGF-AA guides cell crosstalk between human dental pulp stem cells in vitro via the PDGFR-α/PI3K/Akt axis. Int Endod J 2024; 57:549-565. [PMID: 38332717 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the influence of PDGF-AA on cell communication between human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) by characterizing gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and its potential biomechanical mechanism. METHODOLOGY Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure connexin family member expression in DPSCs. Cell migration and CCK-8 assays were utilized to examine the influence of PDGF-AA on DPSC migration and proliferation. A scrape loading/dye transfer assay was applied to evaluate GJIC triggered by PDGF-AA, a PI3K/Akt signalling pathway blocker (LY294002) and a PDGFR-α blocker (AG1296). Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to test the expression and distribution of the Cx43 and p-Akt proteins in DPSCs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence were used to observe the morphology of GJIC in DPSCs. RESULTS PDGF-AA promoted gap junction formation and intercellular communication between human dental pulp stem cells. PDGF-AA upregulates the expression of Cx43 to enhance gap junction formation and intercellular communication. PDGF-AA binds to PDGFR-α and activates PI3K/Akt signalling to regulate cell communication. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrated that PDGF-AA can enhance Cx43-mediated GJIC in DPSCs via the PDGFR-α/PI3K/Akt axis, which provides new cues for dental pulp regeneration from the perspective of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jieya Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiazhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minglei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mascarenhas R, Hegde S, Manaktala N. Chitosan nanoparticle applications in dentistry: a sustainable biopolymer. Front Chem 2024; 12:1362482. [PMID: 38660569 PMCID: PMC11039901 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1362482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epoch of Nano-biomaterials and their application in the field of medicine and dentistry has been long-lived. The application of nanotechnology is extensively used in diagnosis and treatment aspects of oral diseases. The nanomaterials and its structures are being widely involved in the production of medicines and drugs used for the treatment of oral diseases like periodontitis, oral carcinoma, etc. and helps in maintaining the longevity of oral health. Chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer derived from chitin which is seen commonly in arthropods. Chitosan nanoparticles are the latest in the trend of nanoparticles used in dentistry and are becoming the most wanted biopolymer for use toward therapeutic interventions. Literature search has also shown that chitosan nanoparticles have anti-tumor effects. This review highlights the various aspects of chitosan nanoparticles and their implications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Mascarenhas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shreya Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Wang Y, Mao J, Wang Y, Jiang N, Shi X. Multifunctional Exosomes Derived from M2 Macrophages with Enhanced Odontogenesis, Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis for Regenerative Endodontic Therapy: An In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:441. [PMID: 38398043 PMCID: PMC10886856 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages (M2-Exos) exhibit tremendous potential for inducing tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, this study was designed to elucidate the biological roles of M2-Exos in regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) compared with exosomes from M1 macrophages (M1-Exos). METHODS The internalization of M1-Exos and M2-Exos by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected by uptake assay. The effects of M1-Exos and M2-Exos on DPSC and HUVEC behaviors, including migration, proliferation, odonto/osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis were determined in vitro. Then, Matrigel plugs incorporating M2-Exos were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Immunostaining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 was performed to validate capillary-like networks. RESULTS M1-Exos and M2-Exos were effectively absorbed by DPSCs and HUVECs. Compared with M1-Exos, M2-Exos considerably facilitated the proliferation and migration of DPSCs and HUVECs. Furthermore, M2-Exos robustly promoted ALP activity, mineral nodule deposition, and the odonto/osteogenic marker expression of DPSCs, indicating the powerful odonto/osteogenic potential of M2-Exos. In sharp contrast with M1-Exos, which inhibited the neurogenic capacity of DPSCs, M2-Exos contributed to a significantly augmented expression of neurogenic genes and the stronger immunostaining of Nestin. Consistent with remarkably enhanced angiogenic markers and tubular structure formation in DPSCs and HUVECs in vitro, the employment of M2-Exos gave rise to more abundant vascular networks, dramatically higher VEGF expression, and widely spread CD31+ tubular lumens in vivo, supporting the enormous pro-angiogenic capability of M2-Exos. CONCLUSIONS The multifaceted roles of M2-Exos in ameliorating DPSC and HUVEC functions potentially contribute to complete functional pulp-dentin complex regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Xin Shi
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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Malekpour F, Bahrami R, Hodjat M, Hakimiha N, Bolhari B, Sooratgar A, Niavarzi S. Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on TGF-β release from dentin, migration and viability of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative endodontics treatment: An ex vivo study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112817. [PMID: 38029663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are oriented by the principles of tissue engineering, incorporating dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), crucial growth factors like Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), and scaffolds to facilitate the regeneration of dental pulp tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, using an 808 nm diode laser on cellular modulation mechanisms in REPs. METHOD AND MATERIAL A total of 108 human dentin discs obtained from intact single root teeth were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 8): 1. Positive control (EDTA), 2. PBM-1 (3 J/cm2), 3. PBM-2 (5 J/cm2), 4. EDTA+PBM-1, 5. EDTA+PBM-2, and 6. Negative control (NaOCl). Then, an extract solution was prepared from each disc and the concentration of released TGF-β1 from the discs was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the extract solution was added to DPSC culture medium to evaluate cell viability and migration through MTT assay and scratch test, respectively. RESULT The group exposed to PBM-1 showed the highest cell viability, while treatment with EDTA and EDTA+PBM-2 decreased cellular viability. Also, the PBM-treated groups showed significantly higher release of TGF-β1 compared to the negative control. EDTA and EDTA+PBM-1 showed the highest release among all the groups. No significant difference was found between EDTA and EDTA+PBM-1, as well as between PBM-1 and PBM-2. Moreover, the PBM-1 group exhibited the highest migration after 24 h, which was significantly greater than other groups, except for the PBM-2 group. CONCLUSION According to the obtained data, 808 nm mediated-PBM (3 J/cm2), both independently and in conjunction with EDTA, enhanced the release of TGF-β1 from dentin and improved cell viability and migration of DPSCs. It seems that, PBM under the specific parameters employed in this study, could be an effective adjunctive therapy in REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Malekpour
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashin Bahrami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Centre, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnam Bolhari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aidin Sooratgar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Niavarzi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alharbi TM, Thabet AM, Alabbadi SH, Alhazmi MY, Khan HF, AlRasheed MA, Al-Twalbeh NA, Alsuhaim AS, Alqahtani NS. Unlocking the Potential of Cellular Guidance in Endodontics: Advancing the Process of Pulp Regeneration and Beyond. Cureus 2024; 16:e51651. [PMID: 38318576 PMCID: PMC10839349 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics represents a paradigm shift in dental therapy, with the potential to not only restore damaged dental tissues but also to preserve the vitality of teeth. At the heart of this innovative approach is cell homing, a technique that harnesses the body's own healing mechanisms by recruiting endogenous stem cells to the site of dental injury for effective tissue regeneration. This review delves into the intricate processes of cell homing in the context of regenerative endodontics, particularly focusing on its application in immature teeth with open apices. It examines the role of bioactive molecules, scaffolds, and growth factors in orchestrating cell migration and differentiation within the root canal space. In addition, the review addresses the current limitations in clinical practice, such as the challenges in completely regenerating the pulp-dentin complex and the unpredictability in long-term outcomes. It also explores future possibilities, including the potential for more refined and effective regenerative strategies. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of cell homing in regenerative endodontics, this article aims to contribute to the ongoing development of advanced therapeutic techniques that could revolutionize endodontic treatment and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq M Alharbi
- Endodontics, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, SAU
- Endodontics, Speciality Dental Center, Medina, SAU
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Imtiaz T, Gurunathan D, Saikiran KV. Determination of the Ideal Tooth Surface and Pain Threshold to Improve the Efficacy of an Electric Pulp Tester in the Diagnosis of Pulp Sensitivity and Vitality in Premolar and Molar Teeth: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e50754. [PMID: 38239553 PMCID: PMC10794787 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The electric pulp tester (EPT) is an extensively used diagnostic tool in endodontics. However, several factors, especially the location and thickness of the tooth structures, such as enamel and dentine, can affect the result of an electric pulp test. Further, these factors also alter the pain threshold, which may lead to an inaccurate diagnosis. Hence, it is crucial to ascertain the optimal tooth surface that requires minimal time to elicit a response and pain threshold to enhance the effectiveness of the electric pulp tester for diagnosing the status of the pulp. Methods Fifty volunteers (36 males and 14 females) aged 18 to 32 years without any prior experience with the EPT were recruited. The EPT was placed on the seven premolar sites, and molar teeth with an appropriate electrolyte as a conducting medium were tested. The pain threshold values were recorded using the stopwatch, whereas pain assessment was carried out using the Memojis pain scale. An independent sample t-test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data statistically. Results The buccal occlusal third in males (27.3±8.6 seconds) and the buccal middle third in females (28.5±8.2 seconds) showed lower response times than other sites in premolar teeth. The mesiobuccal cusp showed a lower response time for males (21.3±6.6 seconds) and females (21.5±6.2 seconds) in molar teeth. Of all the various sites tested, the majority of the individuals chose pain scores of 0 (36 in premolars, 84 in molars), two (138 in premolars, 180 in molars), and four (96 in premolars, 42 in molars) in both the premolars and molars. Conclusion The ideal sites for placing the EPT in premolars for males and females are the buccal occlusal third and the buccal middle third. At the same time, the mesiobuccal cusp is the ideal site for molars in both males and females, as it is responded to the quickest by the electric current. Most individuals have experienced a score of two (hurts a little bit) for the perceived pain using EPT for both the molars and premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taanya Imtiaz
- Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Deepa Gurunathan
- Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Kanamarlapudi Venkata Saikiran
- Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University,, Chennai, IND
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Qiu M, Bae KB, Liu G, Jang JH, Koh JT, Hwang YC, Lee BN. Osteolectin Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2023; 49:1660-1667. [PMID: 37774945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteolectin is a secreted glycoprotein of the C-type lectin domain superfamily, expressed in bone tissues and is reported as a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone regeneration. However, the effect of osteolectin on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the odontoblastic differentiation of osteolectin in hDPCs and further attempt to reveal its underlying mechanism. METHODS Cytotoxicity assays were used to detect the cytotoxicity of osteolectin. The odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs and its underlying mechanisms were measured by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized spots formation, and the gene and protein expression of odontoblastic differentiation through ALP staining, Alizarin red S staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS WST-1 assay showed osteolectin at concentrations below 300 ng/ml was noncytotoxic and safe for hDPCs. The following experiment demonstrated that osteolectin could increase ALP activity, accelerate the mineralization process, and up-regulate the odontogenic differentiation markers in both gene and protein levels (P < .05). Osteolectin stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and Protein kinase B (AKT) in hDPCs. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT inhibitors decreased ALP activity and mineralization capacity and suppressed the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1. CONCLUSION Osteolectin can promote odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs, and the whole process may stimulate ERK, JNK, and AKT signaling pathways by increasing p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-AKT signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Qiu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Guo Liu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hyun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research, Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Lay SH, Margono A, Bagio DA, Julianto I. Viability of human dental pulp stem cells: The potential of L-arginine-based culture media. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:306-310. [PMID: 38107459 PMCID: PMC10723171 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_719_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is built by proteins that have various roles in the biological process of pulp, such as structural protein, regulation protein, and catalytic protein. L-arginine, an amino acid and one of the building blocks of proteins, regulates pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, L-arginine-based culture has potential to promote dental pulp regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the potential of L-arginine-based culture in improving the viability of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). We evaluated the viability of hDPSCs in culture media supplemented with different concentrations of L-arginine amino acid (250, 300, 350, and 400 µmol/L) and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium plus fetal bovine serum 10% (control) using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay after 24-h incubation time. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference test. In qualitative analysis, the 4´, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining method was used. The evaluation has shown a significant result when 250, 300, and 350 μmol/L concentration of L-arginine amino acid culture media compared with control, and 400 μmol/L has the best result and was not significantly different with control toward viability of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Henry Lay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Margono
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dini Asrianti Bagio
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Julianto
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Rugani P, Brcic I, Magyar M, Schwarze UY, Jakse N, Ebeleseder K. Pulp Revascularization in an Autotransplanted Mature Tooth: Visualization with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathologic Correlation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6008. [PMID: 37762947 PMCID: PMC10531622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotransplantation of a mature tooth usually leads to pulpal necrosis. Root canal treatment is recommended to prevent related inflammatory complications a few weeks after surgery. Extraoral root-end resection may facilitate reperfusion and obviate root canal treatment, but cannot be pictured with conventional dental radiography at this point in time. In the case of a lower mature transplanted molar, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging proved to be a feasible method for visualizing pulp revascularization just 4 weeks after autotransplantation. Consequently, root canal treatment was obviated. Nevertheless, the tooth had to be extracted 18 months postoperatively due to external cervical root resorption, probably caused by the extraction trauma. This allowed the histological processing and examination of the newly generated intracanal tissue. Uninflamed fibrovascular connective tissue was found, while odontoblasts or cementoblast-like cells were absent. These findings indicated that it was most likely stem cells from the bone marrow and the periodontal ligament that drove the regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rugani
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Marton Magyar
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Uwe Yacine Schwarze
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Musculo-Skeletal Research Unit for Biomaterials, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Jakse
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Ebeleseder
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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11
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Qian Y, Gong J, Lu K, Hong Y, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Zou Y, Zhou F, Zhang C, Zhou S, Gu T, Sun M, Wang S, He J, Li Y, Lin J, Yuan Y, Ouyang H, Yu M, Wang H. DLP printed hDPSC-loaded GelMA microsphere regenerates dental pulp and repairs spinal cord. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122137. [PMID: 37172537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp regeneration is ideal for irreversible pulp or periapical lesions, and in situ stem cell therapy is one of the most effective therapies for pulp regeneration. In this study, we provided an atlas of the non-cultured and monolayer cultured dental pulp cells with single-cell RNA sequencing and analysis. Monolayer cultured dental pulp cells cluster more closely together than non-cultured dental pulp cells, suggesting a lower heterogeneous population with relatively consistent clusters and similar cellular composition. We successfully fabricated hDPSC-loaded microspheres by layer-by-layer photocuring with a digital light processing (DLP) printer. These hDPSC-loaded microspheres have improved stemness and higher multi-directional differentiation potential, including angiogenic, neurogenic, and odontogenic differentiation. The hDPSC-loaded microspheres could promote spinal cord regeneration in rat spinal cord injury models. Moreover, in heterotopic implantation tests on nude mice, CD31, MAP2, and DSPP immunofluorescence signals were observed, implying the formation of vascular, neural, and odontogenetic tissues. In situ experiments in minipigs demonstrated highly vascularized dental pulp and uniformly arranged odontoblast-like cells in root canals of incisors. In short, hDPSC-loaded microspheres can promote full-length dental pulp regeneration at the root canals' coronal, middle, and apical sections, particularly for blood vessels and nerve formation, which is a promising therapeutic strategy for necrotic pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxing Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejie Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwei Zou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyi Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyi Gu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaolong Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxiang He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huiming Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Lu X, Xie H, Ju Y, Fu Y, Liu S, Zhao S. Role of CPNE1 in Odontoblastic Differentiation of Rat Stem Cells from Apical Papilla. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300054. [PMID: 37132099 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CPNE1 is a calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein that is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs. This study investigates the expression and localization of CPNE1 in tooth germ development and the role of CPNE1 in odontoblastic differentiation. In rat tooth germs, CPNE1 is expressed in the odontoblasts and ameloblasts since the late bell stage. The depletion of CPNE1 in the stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) clearly inhibits the expression of odontoblastic-related genes and the formation of mineralized nodules during differentiation, while CPNE1 overexpression promotes this process. In addition, CPNE1 overexpression increases AKT phosphorylation during the odontoblastic differentiation of SCAPs. Furthermore, treatment with AKT inhibitor (MK2206) reduces the expression of odontoblastic-related genes in CPNE1 over-expressed SCAPs, and Alizarin Red staining shows reduced mineralization. These results suggest that CPNE1 plays a role in the tooth germ development as well as the odontblastic differentiation of SCAPs in vitro that is related to the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Yunyu Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Disease, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang W, Xu T, Li X, Zhang Y, Zou X, Chen F, Yue L. Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1166934. [PMID: 37287452 PMCID: PMC10242116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1166934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis promote the development of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. These bacteria are difficult to eliminate from the root canal systems, leading to persistent infection and poor treatment outcomes. We explored the response of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to bacterial invasion and the mechanisms underlying the impact of residual bacteria on dental pulp regeneration. Methods: Single-cell sequencing was used to categorize the hDPSCs into clusters based on their response to P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. We depicted a single-cell transcriptome atlas of hDPSCs stimulated by P. gingivalis or E. faecalis. Results: The most differentially expressed genes in the Pg samples were THBS1, COL1A2, CRIM1, and STC1, which are related to matrix formation and mineralization, and HILPDA and PLIN2, which are related to the cellular response to hypoxia. A cell cluster characterized by high expression levels of THBS1 and PTGS2 was increased after P. gingivalis stimulation. Further signaling pathway analysis showed that hDPSCs prevented P. gingivalis infection by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Differentiation potency and pseudotime trajectory analyses showed that hDPSCs infected by P. gingivalis undergo multidirectional differentiation, particularly to the mineralization-related cell lineage. Furthermore, P. gingivalis can create a hypoxia environment to effect cell differentiation. The Ef samples were characterized by the expression of CCL2, which is related to leukocyte chemotaxis, and ACTA2, which is related to actin. There was an increased proportion of a cell cluster that was similar to myofibroblasts and exhibited significant ACTA2 expression. The presence of E. faecalis promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs into fibroblast-like cells, which highlights the role of fibroblast-like cells and myofibroblasts in tissue repair. Discussion: hDPSCs do not maintain their stem cell status in the presence of P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. They differentiate into mineralization-related cells in the presence of P. gingivalis and into fibroblast-like cells in the presence of E. faecalis. We identified the mechanism underlying the infection of hDPSCs by P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. Our results will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. Furthermore, the presence of residual bacteria can have adverse effects on the outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Center of Stomatology, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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14
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Hong H, Zeng K, Zhou C, Chen X, Xu Z, Li M, Liu L, Zeng Q, Tao Q, Wei X. The pluripotent factor OCT4A enhances the self-renewal of human dental pulp stem cells by targeting lncRNA FTX in an LPS-induced inflammatory microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:109. [PMID: 37106382 PMCID: PMC10142416 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulating the pluripotency of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is key for the self-repair of injured dental pulp. We previously found that OCT4A promotes the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Recent studies have shown the interaction between OCT4A and lncRNAs in pluripotency maintenance of various stem cells. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying roles and mechanisms of OCT4A and its related lncRNAs in the proliferation and multidirectional differentiation of hDPSCs in an inflammatory microenvironment. METHODS Human lncRNA microarrays were applied to screen out the differentially expressed lncRNAs in hDPSCs between the OCT4A-overexpressing and vector groups. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to simulate the inflammatory microenvironment. The effects of OCT4A and the lncRNA FTX on the proliferation and multidifferentiation of hDPSCs were observed by the CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, real-time PCR, western blotting, and Alizarin red and oil red O staining. Bioinformatics analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to clarify the targeted mechanism of OCT4A on FTX. The regulation by FTX of the expression of OCT4A and its downstream pluripotent transcription factors SOX2 and c-MYC was further detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The microarray results showed that 978 lncRNAs (250 of which were upregulated and 728 downregulated) were potentially differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05). LPS stimulation attenuated the self-renewal of hDPSCs. OCT4A enhanced the cell proliferation and multidifferentiation capacities of hDPSCs in an inflammatory microenvironment, while FTX exhibited the opposite effects. OCT4A negatively regulated FTX function by binding to specific regions on the FTX promoter, thereby inhibiting the transcription of FTX. Moreover, overexpression of FTX downregulated the expression of OCT4A, SOX2 and c-MYC, whereas knockdown of FTX facilitated their expression. CONCLUSIONS OCT4A was found to be a crucial factor maintaining the self-renewal of hDPSCs by transcriptionally targeting FTX in an inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, we proposed a novel function of FTX in negatively regulating the pluripotency and multilineage differentiation capacity of hDPSCs. The hierarchical organization between OCT4A and FTX expanded the understanding of the network between transcription factors and lncRNAs in fine-tuning the pluripotency/differentiation balance of adult stem cells, and provided prospective targets for optimizing dental-derived stem cell sources for regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhezhen Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Noohi P, Abdekhodaie MJ, Saadatmand M, Nekoofar MH, Dummer PMH. The development of a dental light curable PRFe-loaded hydrogel as a potential scaffold for pulp-dentine complex regeneration: An in vitro study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:447-464. [PMID: 36546662 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to develop a bicomponent bioactive hydrogel formed in situ and enriched with an extract of platelet-rich fibrin (PRFe) and to assess its potential for use in pulp-dentine complex tissue engineering via cell homing. METHODOLOGY A bicomponent hydrogel based on photo-activated naturally derived polymers, methacrylated chitosan (ChitMA) and methacrylated collagen (ColMA), plus PRFe was fabricated. The optimized formulation of PRFe-loaded bicomponent hydrogel was determined by analysing the mechanical strength, swelling ratio and cell viability simultaneously. The physical, mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of the optimal hydrogel with and without PRFe were determined. Additionally, MTT, phalloidin/DAPI and live/dead assays were carried out to compare the viability, cytoskeletal morphology and migration ability of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) within the developed hydrogels with and without PRFe, respectively. To further investigate the effect of PRFe on the differentiation of encapsulated SCAP, alizarin red S staining, RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemical detection were performed. Statistical significance was established at p < .05. RESULTS The optimized formulation of PRFe-loaded bicomponent hydrogel can be rapidly photocrosslinked using available dental light curing units. Compared to bicomponent hydrogels without PRFe, the PRFe-loaded hydrogel exhibited greater viscoelasticity and higher cytocompatibility to SCAP. Moreover, it promoted cell proliferation and migration in vitro. It also supported the odontogenic differentiation of SCAP as evidenced by its promotion of biomineralization and upregulating the gene expression for ALP, COL I, DSPP and DMP1 as well as facilitated angiogenesis by enhancing VEGFA gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The new PRFe-loaded ChitMA/ColMA hydrogel developed within this study fulfils the criteria of injectability, cytocompatibility, chemoattractivity and bioactivity to promote odontogenic differentiation, which are fundamental requirements for scaffolds used in pulp-dentine complex regeneration via cell-homing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Noohi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J Abdekhodaie
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Environmental and Applied Science Management, Yeates School of Graduate Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Saadatmand
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endodontics, Bahçeşehir University School of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Zhao J, Zhou Y, Yan J, Liu J, Wang L, Zhang X, Lou Y, Que K. Effects of phase-transited lysozyme on adhesion, migration and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells: An in vitro study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:475-485. [PMID: 36565046 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of phase-transited lysozyme (PTL) coated dentine slices on cell adhesion, migration and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODOLOGY Cell growth and cell cycle analysis were conducted to verify the biocompatibility of PTL for HDPCs. Cell adhesion, cell morphology and proliferation were explored by DiI staining, Scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay. Cell migration was investigated by Transwell assay. The effects of PTL on odontogenesis and mineralization of HDPCs were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The mineralization of HDPCs was evaluated by Alizarin red staining. HDPCs were isolated from extracted third molars. The level of statistically significant difference was accepted at p < .05. RESULTS PTL showed no negative effect on cell cycle of HDPCs and compared with the blank group, HDPCs labelled with DiI staining showed significantly more adhered cells at 48 h (p < .05), extending cell processes and more finger-like or reticular pseudopodia on PTL-coated dentine slices. The results of MTT and Transwell assay showed that PTL promoted the proliferation (p < .05) and migration (p < .01) of HDPCs, respectively. Compared with the blank group, the gene expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteopontin and bone sialoprotein in HDPCs cultured on PTL was significantly upregulated on day 3 and 7 (p < .05), while the protein expression of DSPP showed no significant change on both day 7 and day 14. Alizarin red staining showed that PTL promoted more mineralization nodules formation of HDPCs (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS PTL promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of HDPCs on dentine slices, and positively affected odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of HDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiange Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunjie Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinjie Yan
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linxian Wang
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxin Lou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kehua Que
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Ahmed YE, Ahmed GM, Ghoneim AG. Evaluation of postoperative pain and healing following regenerative endodontics using platelet-rich plasma versus conventional endodontic treatment in necrotic mature mandibular molars with chronic periapical periodontitis. A randomized clinical trial. Int Endod J 2023; 56:404-418. [PMID: 36565044 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the post-operative pain and the healing of necrotic mature permanent mandibular molar teeth with peri-apical periodontitis after conventional endodontic treatment versus after platelet-rich plasma (PRP) revascularization. METHODOLOGY The protocol of this randomized clinical trial was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov with identification number NCT03350841. Twenty-eight patients were included in the study after confirming the diagnosis clinically and radiographically. In the first visit, mandibular molar teeth of both groups were mechanically prepared. Double antibiotic paste was prepared and injected then the cavity that was sealed with glass ionomer. At the second visit, the patients were randomized either to control group where standard endodontic treatment was completed by lateral condensation technique or assigned to intervention group where PRP revascularization technique. The degree of spontaneous pain was assessed using numerical rating scale (NRS) pre-operatively, then post-operatively after 6, 12 h and daily for 5 days. Patients were given a placebo to be administrated in case of pain. An analgesic (ibuprofen 400mg) was prescribed in case of persistent pain. Clinical and radiographic healing was assessed after 6 and 12 months. All demographic, baseline and outcome data were collected and statistically analysed. RESULTS Regarding the post revascularization/obturation pain, there was no statistically significant difference between severity of pain in the two groups at all time intervals except after 12 h, revascularization group showed statistically significantly higher prevalence of no pain than endodontic treatment group. Regarding the healing; the periapical lesions decrease in size significantly from the pre-operative lesion size in both groups without significant difference between the both groups. CONCLUSION Within the limitation of this study, PRP revascularization could be an alternative treatment to root canal treatment but further randomized clinical trials with standardized techniques and long follow up periods are recommended for more reliable results.
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Dal-Fabbro R, Swanson WB, Capalbo LC, Sasaki H, Bottino MC. Next-generation biomaterials for dental pulp tissue immunomodulation. Dent Mater 2023; 39:333-349. [PMID: 36894414 PMCID: PMC11034777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current standard for treating irreversibly damaged dental pulp is root canal therapy, which involves complete removal and debridement of the pulp space and filling with an inert biomaterial. A regenerative approach to treating diseased dental pulp may allow for complete healing of the native tooth structure and enhance the long-term outcome of once-necrotic teeth. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to highlight the current state of dental pulp tissue engineering and immunomodulatory biomaterials properties, identifying exciting opportunities for their synergy in developing next-generation biomaterials-driven technologies. METHODS An overview of the inflammatory process focusing on immune responses of the dental pulp, followed by periapical and periodontal tissue inflammation are elaborated. Then, the most recent advances in treating infection-induced inflammatory oral diseases, focusing on biocompatible materials with immunomodulatory properties are discussed. Of note, we highlight some of the most used modifications in biomaterials' surface, or content/drug incorporation focused on immunomodulation based on an extensive literature search over the last decade. RESULTS We provide the readers with a critical summary of recent advances in immunomodulation related to pulpal, periapical, and periodontal diseases while bringing light to tissue engineering strategies focusing on healing and regenerating multiple tissue types. SIGNIFICANCE Significant advances have been made in developing biomaterials that take advantage of the host's immune system to guide a specific regenerative outcome. Biomaterials that efficiently and predictably modulate cells in the dental pulp complex hold significant clinical promise for improving standards of care compared to endodontic root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - W Benton Swanson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Leticia C Capalbo
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Piglionico SS, Pons C, Romieu O, Cuisinier F, Levallois B, Panayotov IV. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models for dental pulp regeneration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:15. [PMID: 37004591 PMCID: PMC10067643 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concept of tissue engineering (Cells-Scaffold-Bioactive molecules), regenerative endodontics appeared as a new notion for dental endodontic treatment. Its approaches aim to preserve dental pulp vitality (pulp capping) or to regenerate a vascularized pulp-like tissue inside necrotic root canals by cell homing. To improve the methods of tissue engineering for pulp regeneration, numerous studies using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models have been performed. This review explores the evolution of laboratory models used in such studies and classifies them according to different criteria. It starts from the initial two-dimensional in vitro models that allowed characterization of stem cell behavior, through 3D culture matrices combined with dental tissue and finally arrives at the more challenging ex vivo and in vivo models. The travel which follows the elaboration of such models reveals the difficulty in establishing reproducible laboratory models for dental pulp regeneration. The development of well-established protocols and new laboratory ex vivo and in vivo models in the field of pulp regeneration would lead to consistent results, reduction of animal experimentation, and facilitation of the translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Silvia Piglionico
- LBN, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Yong J, Gröger S, Wu Z, Ruf S, Ye Y, Chen X. Photobiomodulation Therapy and Pulp-Regenerative Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030371. [PMID: 36978762 PMCID: PMC10045842 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were used to recover the dental pulp’s vitality in order to avoid the undesirable outcomes of conventional endodontic treatment and to promote dentinal formation, especially for immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) exhibits photobiological and photochemical effects for improving the root canal’s environmental conditions by compensating for oxidative stress and increasing the blood supply to implanted stem cells and improving their survival. Basic research has revealed that PBMT can modulate human dental pulp stem cells’ (hDPSCs) differentiation, proliferation, and activity, and subsequent tissue activation. However, many unclear points still remain regarding the mechanisms of action induced by PBMT in REPs. Therefore, in this review, we present the applications of laser and PBMT irradiation to the procedures of REPs and in endodontics. In addition, the effects of PBMT on the regenerative processes of hDPSCs are reviewed from biochemical and cytological perspectives on the basis of the available literature. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, and we discuss research that has reported on its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Zuping Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yuer Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Queiroz A, Pelissari C, Paris AFC, Rodrigues MFSD, Trierveiler M. Periodontal ligament cells mobilized by transforming growth factor-beta 1 and migrated without stimuli showed enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 147:105636. [PMID: 36738489 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the ability of G-CSF and TGF-β1 to mobilize periodontal ligament stem cells to obtain populations with better potential for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. DESIGN Primary cultures were established from the periodontal ligament of Wistar rats. After a cell migration assay, four experimental groups were obtained: PDLSC, composed of the primary culture, non-mobilized cells; MPDLSC, the spontaneously migrated cells; MPDLSC-GCSF, the cells mobilized with G-CSF; and MPDLSC-TGF-β1, the cells mobilized with TGF-β1. The expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers was assessed by flow cytometry. Clonogenicity, viability, proliferative potential, and osteogenic differentiation capacity were also analyzed. RESULTS All the study groups expressed well-known mesenchymal stem cell markers and exhibited clonogenic capacity. The higher proliferation potential was seen in the PDLSC and MPDLSC groups, while the MPDLSC and MPDLSC-TGFβ1 groups showed a higher number of mineralized deposits in vitro and higher ALP activity after osteogenic differentiation induction. Cells of all the groups also expressed mRNA of genes associated with osteogenic differentiation without previous induction. CONCLUSIONS Both agents were able to mobilize stem cells from the periodontal ligament, but G-CSF did not show an advantage, whereas TGF-β1 appears to direct the cells towards a state of increased osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, spontaneous cell migration through a membrane was sufficient to enrich the cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Queiroz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry - LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cibele Pelissari
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry - LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Fraga Costa Paris
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry - LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Marília Trierveiler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry - LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Zheng L, Liu Y, Jiang L, Wang X, Chen Y, Li L, Song M, Zhang H, Zhang YS, Zhang X. Injectable decellularized dental pulp matrix-functionalized hydrogel microspheres for endodontic regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:37-48. [PMID: 36455855 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sufficient imitation of tissue structures and components represents an effective and promising approach for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Dental pulp disease is one of the most common oral diseases, although functional pulp regeneration remains challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy that employs hydrogel microspheres incorporated with decellularized dental pulp matrix-derived bioactive factors to simulate a pulp-specific three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. The dental pulp microenvironment-specific microspheres constructed by this regenerative strategy exhibited favorable plasticity, biocompatibility, and biological performances. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured on the constructed microspheres exhibited enhanced pulp-formation ability in vitro. Furthermore, the hDPSCs-microcarriers achieved the regeneration of pulp-like tissue and new dentin in a semi-orthotopic model in vivo. Mechanistically, the decellularized pulp matrix-derived bioactive factors mediated the multi-directional differentiation of hDPSCs to regenerate the pulp tissue by eliciting the secretion of crucial bioactive cues. Our findings demonstrated that a 3D dental pulp-specific microenvironment facilitated by hydrogel microspheres and dental pulp-specific bioactive factors regenerated the pulp-dentin complex and could be served as a promising treatment option for dental pulp disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Injectable bioscaffolds are increasingly used for regenerative endodontic treatment. Despite their success related to their ability to load stem cells, bioactive factors, and injectability, conventional bulk bioscaffolds have drawbacks such as ischemic necrosis in the central region. Various studies have shown that ischemic necrosis in the central region can be corrected by injectable hydrogel microspheres. Unfortunately, pristine microspheres or microspheres without dental pulp-specific bioactive factor would oftentimes fail to regulate stem cells fates in dental pulp multi-directional differentiation. Our present study reported the biofabrication of dental pulp-derived decellularized matrix functionalized gelatin microspheres, which contained dental pulp-specific bioactive factors and have the potential application in endodontic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China
| | - Yaxian Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Mingyu Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China.
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ximu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, PR China.
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23
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Roudsari PP, Aghayan H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Mafi AR, Nikandish M, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B, Larijani B. Application of Biocompatible Scaffolds in Stem-Cell-Based Dental Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:83-110. [PMID: 35999347 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering as an important field in regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic approach to replace or regenerate injured tissues. It consists of three vital steps including the selection of suitable cells, formation of 3d scaffolds, and adding growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are mentioned as two main sources for this approach that have been used for the treatment of various types of disorders. However, the main focus of literature in the field of dental tissue engineering is on utilizing MSCs. On the other hand, biocompatible scaffolds play a notable role in this regenerative process which is mentioned to be harmless with acceptable osteoinductivity. Their ability in inhibiting inflammatory responses also makes them powerful tools. Indeed, stem cell functions should be supported by biomaterials acting as scaffolds incorporated with biological signals. Naturally derived polymeric scaffolds and synthetically engineered polymeric/ceramic scaffolds are two main types of scaffolds regarding their materials that are defined further in this review. Various strategies of tissue bioengineering can affect the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex, periodontium regeneration, and whole teeth bioengineering. In this regard, in vivo/ex vivo experimental models have been developed recently in order to perform preclinical studies of dental tissue engineering which make it more transferable to be used for clinic uses. This review summarizes dental tissue engineering through its different components. Also, strategies of tissue bioengineering and experimental models are introduced in order to provide a perspective of the potential roles of dental tissue engineering to be used for clinical aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA- CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Huang P, Wang F, Wang X, Meng X, Qiao W, Meng L. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals the potential molecular mechanism of RAD54B in the proliferation of inflamed human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2023; 56:39-52. [PMID: 36196684 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of RAD54B in the proliferation of inflamed human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODOLOGY Normal, carious and pulpitic human dental pulp tissues were collected. Total RNA was subjected to RNA-sequencing (seq) and gene expression profiles were studied by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in homologous recombination repair (HRR) were validated with qRT-PCR. The expression of RAD54B and TNF-α in human dental pulp tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. HDPCs were cultured and RAD54B level in hDPCs was detected after LPS stimulation using western blot. CCK-8 was used to investigate the proliferation of hDPCs transfected with negative control (Nc) small interfering RNA (siRNA), RAD54B siRNA, P53 siRNA or both siRNAs with or without LPS stimulation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution, and western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyse the expression of RAD54B, P53 and P21 under the above treatments. One-way and two-way anova followed by least significant difference posttest were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS RNA-seq results identified DEGs amongst the three groups. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of DEGs in the replication and repair pathway. HRR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) components were further verified and qRT-PCR results were basically consistent with the sequencing data. RAD54B, an HRR accessory factor highly expressed in carious and pulpitic tissues as compared to that in normal pulps, was chosen as our gene of interest. High RAD54B expression was confirmed in inflamed human dental pulp tissues and LPS-stimulated hDPCs. Upon RAD54B knockdown, P53 and P21 expressions in hDPCs were upregulated whereas the proliferation was significantly downregulated, accompanied by increased G2/M phase arrest. After inhibiting P53 expression in RAD54B-knockdown hDPCs, P21 expression and cell proliferation were reversed. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profiles of normal, carious and pulpitic human dental pulp tissues were revealed. HRR components were elucidated to function in dental pulp inflammation. Amongst the DEGs in HRR, RAD54B regulated the proliferation of inflamed hDPCs via P53/P21 signalling. This research deepens our understanding of dental pulp inflammation and provides new insight to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fushi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiujiao Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuyan Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Exosome-Based Cell Homing and Angiogenic Differentiation for Dental Pulp Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010466. [PMID: 36613910 PMCID: PMC9820194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have attracted attention due to their ability to promote intercellular communication leading to enhanced cell recruitment, lineage-specific differentiation, and tissue regeneration. The object of this study was to determine the effect of exosomes on cell homing and angiogenic differentiation for pulp regeneration. Exosomes (DPSC-Exos) were isolated from rabbit dental pulp stem cells cultured under a growth (Exo-G) or angiogenic differentiation (Exo-A) condition. The characterization of exosomes was confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and an antibody array. DPSC-Exos significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration when treated with 5 × 108/mL exosomes. In gene expression analysis, DPSC-Exos enhanced the expression of angiogenic markers including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1). Moreover, we identified key exosomal microRNAs in Exo-A for cell homing and angiogenesis. In conclusion, the exosome-based cell homing and angiogenic differentiation strategy has significant therapeutic potential for pulp regeneration.
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Neural Regeneration in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: An Overview and Current Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415492. [PMID: 36555133 PMCID: PMC9779866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases are the most common dental diseases. The traditional treatment is root canal therapy, which achieves satisfactory therapeutic outcomes-especially for mature permanent teeth. Apexification, pulpotomy, and pulp revascularization are common techniques used for immature permanent teeth to accelerate the development of the root. However, there are obstacles to achieving functional pulp regeneration. Recently, two methods have been proposed based on tissue engineering: stem cell transplantation, and cell homing. One of the goals of functional pulp regeneration is to achieve innervation. Nerves play a vital role in dentin formation, nutrition, sensation, and defense in the pulp. Successful neural regeneration faces tough challenges in both animal studies and clinical trials. Investigation of the regeneration and repair of the nerves in the pulp has become a serious undertaking. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the key stem cells, signaling molecules, and biomaterials that could promote neural regeneration as part of pulp regeneration. We also discuss the challenges in preclinical or clinical neural regeneration applications to guide deep research in the future.
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Dalir Abdolahinia E, Safari Z, Sadat Kachouei SS, Zabeti Jahromi R, Atashkar N, Karbalaeihasanesfahani A, Alipour M, Hashemzadeh N, Sharifi S, Maleki Dizaj S. Cell homing strategy as a promising approach to the vitality of pulp-dentin complexes in endodontic therapy: focus on potential biomaterials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1405-1416. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2142466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Safari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nastaran Atashkar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Alipour
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hashemzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Louvrier A, Kroemer M, Terranova L, Meyer F, Tissot M, Euvrard E, Gindraux F, Meyer C, Rolin G. Development of a biomimetic bioreactor for regenerative endodontics research. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:998-1007. [PMID: 36005295 DOI: 10.1002/term.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the context of regenerative endodontics research with the development of biomaterials, this work aimed to develop and test a prototype biomimetic bioreactor of a human tooth. The bioreactor was designed to reproduce a shaped dental canal connected with a cavity reproducing the periapical region and irrigated through two fluidic channels intended to reproduce the apical residual vascular supply. A test biomaterial composed of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone-tannic acid (PLA/PCL-TA) was produced by electrospinning/electrospraying and calibrated to be inserted in a dental canal. This biomaterial was first used to evaluate its imbibition capacity and the oximetry inside the bioreactor. Then, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) were cultured on PLA/PCL-TA cones for 1-3 weeks in the bioreactor; afterward cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration were histologically assessed. Complete imbibition biomaterial was obtained in 10 min and oximetry was stable over time. In the bioreactor, DPSCs were able to adhere, proliferate and migrate onto the surface and inside the biomaterial. In conclusion, this bioreactor was used successfully to test a biomaterial intended to support pulp regeneration and constitutes a new in vitro experimental model closer to clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Louvrier
- Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.,University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Kroemer
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,Pharmacie Centrale, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Lisa Terranova
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, UMR_S 1121 Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florent Meyer
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, UMR_S 1121 Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Tissot
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Edouard Euvrard
- Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.,University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Nano Médecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique, Besançon, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Nano Médecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.,University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Nano Médecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique, Besançon, France
| | - Gwenaël Rolin
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,INSERM CIC-1431, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
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Ren H, Wen Q, Zhao Q, Wang N, Zhao Y. Atlas of human dental pulp cells at multiple spatial and temporal levels based on single-cell sequencing analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:993478. [PMID: 36267574 PMCID: PMC9578252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.993478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dental pulp plays a crucial role in the long-term maintenance of tooth function. The progress of endodontic treatment and pulp tissue regeneration engineering has made pulp-regeneration therapy promising in clinical practice. However, the mechanisms of pulp regeneration and the role of dental stem cells in development and regeneration have not been fully elucidated. Bridging the gaps between clinical operation and basic research is urgently needed. With the application of single-cell sequencing technology in dental research, the landscapes of human dental pulp cells have begun being outlined. However, the specific cellular heterogeneity of dental pulp cells, especially that of dental stem cells, at different spatial and temporal levels, is still unclear. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of pulp samples at four different developmental stages and combined the findings with immunohistochemical staining to explore the development of dental pulp and stem cells. The results revealed temporal changes in the proportion of pulp cells during development. For example, mononuclear phagocytes accounted for a higher proportion in early samples. Odontoblasts identified by DMP1 had a higher expression of ion channel-related and neurodevelopment-related genes. Subpopulations were identified in fibroblasts, odontoblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. We identified a subclass of odontoblasts that expresses DGKI and RRBP1 present in early developmental samples. A population of earlier mesenchymal stem cells expressed the SEPTIN gene, which may have greater proliferative and differentiation potential. Furthermore, dental pulp stem cells can differentiate into two directions: mineralization and myogenesis. In summary, the specific cellular heterogeneity of dental pulp cells was revealed at different spatial and temporal levels. These findings may shed light on the mechanism of tooth development. The gene expression profile of developing pulp cells may help to select cells for regenerative engineering and improve the success of dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ren
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPK Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Wen
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxuan Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPK Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPK Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPK Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Cassiano AFB, Coaguila-Llerena H, Santos CS, da Silva LR, Nogueira LFB, Ciancaglini P, Faria G. The Effect of Octenidine on Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp and Apical Papilla Stem Cells. J Endod 2022; 48:1502-1510.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Soares DG, Rosa V. Regenerating the Dental Pulp-Scaffold Materials and Approaches. Dent Clin North Am 2022; 66:643-657. [PMID: 36216451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel technologies and platforms have allowed significant breakthroughs in dental pulp tissue engineering. The development of injectable scaffolds that can be combined with stem cells, growth factors, or other bioactive compounds has enabled the regeneration of functional dental pulps able to secrete dentin in preclinical and clinical studies. Similarly, cell-homing technologies and scaffold-free strategies aim to modulate dental pulp self-regeneration mediated by resident stem cells and can evade some of the technical challenges related to cell-based tissue engineering strategies. This article will discuss emerging technologies and platforms for the clinical applications of dental pulp tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, São Paulo University - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brizola, 9-75, Bauru, Sao Paulo 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, Singapore 119085, Singapore.
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Regenerative Endodontics by Cell Homing: A Review of Recent Clinical trials. J Endod 2022; 49:4-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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33
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Lopez-Moncayo LF, Narvaez-Hidalgo A, Zambrano-Guerrero L, Gaviño-Orduña JF, Portigliatti R, Gomez-Sosa JF, Munoz HR. Use of scaffolds and regenerative materials for the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with periapical lesion: Umbrella review. Int Endod J 2022; 55:967-988. [PMID: 35821587 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with a periapical lesion is regenerative endodontics, which is based on tissue engineering under the triade of stem cells, scaffolds and bioactive molecules. OBJECTIVES This Umbrella Review was aimed to evaluate the success of scaffold and regenerative materials used for the treatment of these teeth, in terms of apical closure, tooth length increase, widening of root canal walls, tissue vitality and periapical lesion repair. METHODS An extensive literature research was carried out in the Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases for relevant systematic reviews matching the keyword search strategy. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, reviewers independently rated the quality of each study to determine their level of evidence. Methodological quality assessment of each article was obtained using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)-2 tool, and risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) tool. RESULTS After removing duplicates, 155 articles were found; from which 133 were excluded for being non-relevant and 15 other due to exclusion criteria. One more was discarded after methodological quality evaluation, for a total of six articles remaining. The most common scaffold used was the blood clot, others used were poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and platelet-rich fibrin matrix. The most common regeneration material used was Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), followed by Biodentine. An increase in tooth length and widening of root canal walls were reported in all selected studies with different proportions, as well as periapical lesion repair. ROBIS analysis showed that only one article had low bias, two were classified as unclear bias, while the remaining three had high risk of bias. DISCUSSION An exhaustive literature search was carried out applying language filters, high-quality indexed journals, year of publication, which ensures the best quality articles were included. Blood clot was the most used scaffold as is the most easy to place inside the canal and does not require to extract blood from the patient. The use of MTA and Biodentine as sealing materials has been associated with thickening of canal walls, apical closure and reduced signs and symptoms of apical periodontitis. However, most of the included reviews assessed were case reports and only in a few of them were clinical trials included. There is also a lack of risk of bias analysis in most reviews. CONCLUSION The blood clot is the most common scaffold used for inducing regeneration during the treatment of immature necrotic teeth. Tooth length increase and widening of root canal walls are the most common criteria used in the studies as success indicators. MTA and Biodentine did not show differences in the results analysed. Quality assessment and bias risk evaluation showed that it is necessary to design better studies with rigorous methodology to recommend a trustable and predictable protocol for the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with periapical lesions. REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42021248404.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José F Gaviño-Orduña
- Odonto-Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose F Gomez-Sosa
- Endodontics Department, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hugo R Munoz
- Endodontics Department, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Amelogenin as a regenerative endodontic molecule for immature teeth with apical periodontitis. An experimental study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:721-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Leite ML, de Oliveira Ribeiro RA, Soares DG, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Poly(Caprolactone)-Aligned Nanofibers Associated with Fibronectin-loaded Collagen Hydrogel as a Potent Bioactive Scaffold for Cell-Free Regenerative Endodontics. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1359-1371. [PMID: 36036876 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Guided tissue regeneration has been considered a promising strategy to replace conventional endodontic therapy of teeth with incomplete root formation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a tubular scaffold (TB-SC) with poly (caprolactone)-aligned nanofibers associated with a fibronectin-loaded collagen hydrogel and assess the pulp regeneration potential mediated by human apical papilla cells (hAPCs) using an in vitro model of teeth with incomplete root formation. METHODOLOGY Aligned nanofiber strips based on 10% poly(caprolactone) (PCL) were synthesized with the electrospinning technique to produce the TB-SCs. These were submitted to different treatments, according to the following groups: TB-SC (negative control): TB-SC without treatment; TB-SC+FN (positive control): TB-SC coated with 10 μg/mL of fibronectin; TB-SC+H: TB-SC associated with collagen hydrogel; TB-SC+HFN: TB-SC associated with fibronectin-loaded collagen hydrogel. Then, the biomaterials were inserted into cylindrical devices to mimic the regenerative therapy of teeth with incomplete root formation. The hAPCs were seeded on the upper surface of the TB-SCs associated or not with any treatment, and cell migration/proliferation and the gene expression of markers related to pulp regeneration (ITGA5, ITGAV, COL1A1, and COL1A3) were evaluated. The data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey's tests (α=5 %). RESULTS Higher values of cell migration/proliferation and gene expression of all markers tested were observed in groups TB-SC+FN, TB-SC+H, and TB-SC+HFN compared with the TB-SC group (p<0.05). The hAPCs in the TB-SC+HFN group showed the highest values of cell proliferation and gene expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 (p<0.05), as well as superior cell migration results to groups TB-SC and TB-SC+H (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Aligned nanofiber scaffolds associated with the fibronectin-loaded collagen hydrogel enhanced the migration and proliferation of hAPCs, and gene expression of pulp regeneration markers. Therefore, the use of these biomaterials may be considered an interesting strategy for regenerative pulp therapy of teeth with incomplete root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia. 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rafael Antônio de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP. 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. 9-75 Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla Street, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Departament of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp). 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp). Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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36
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Iranmanesh P, Torabinejad M, Saatchi M, Toghraie D, Razavi SM, Khademi A. Effect of Duration of Root Canal Infection on the Ability of Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration of Immature Permanent Teeth: An Animal Study. J Endod 2022; 48:1301-1307.e2. [PMID: 35933045 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infection is always considered the most important reason for the failure of dentin-pulp complex regeneration. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the duration of root canal infection (from one to twelve weeks) on the ability of dentin-pulp complex regeneration. METHODS In this animal study, 64 roots of immature premolar teeth of four dogs were randomly divided into four groups. Positive control group; eight root canals treated with regenerative endodontic procedure (REP), negative control group; 12 infected root canals, intervention groups; 36 root canals infected with supragingival plaque (one, three, six, and 12 weeks) and treated with REP, an additional positive control group; eight normal roots. After three months, the teeth were investigated by radiographic images and immunohistochemical staining (CD31, CD34, S100 markers). In addition, DSPP gene expression was assessed using a real-time PCR technique. The results were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Based on radiological evaluation among the intervention groups, the highest root canal development (length and width) occurred in the intervention group of one week, and the lowest radiological results were in the intervention groups of six and 12 weeks (One-way ANOVA, P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of CD31, CD34, S100 and, DSPP expression percentage (One-way ANOVA, P <0.05), in which the highest and lowest expression percentages belonged to the one- and 12 weeks groups, respectively, among the intervention groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that long root canal infection decreased the ability of the body to regenerate dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Iranmanesh
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Saatchi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Toghraie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Razavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Khademi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Liang C, Liang Q, Xu X, Liu X, Gao X, Li M, Yang J, Xing X, Huang H, Tang Q, Liao L, Tian W. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 mediates stem cells migration and angiogenesis: therapeutic potential for endogenous pulp regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:38. [PMID: 35858911 PMCID: PMC9300630 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulp loss is accompanied by the functional impairment of defense, sensory, and nutrition supply. The approach based on endogenous stem cells is a potential strategy for pulp regeneration. However, endogenous stem cell sources, exogenous regenerative signals, and neovascularization are major difficulties for pulp regeneration based on endogenous stem cells. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to seek an effective cytokines delivery strategy and bioactive materials to reestablish an ideal regenerative microenvironment for pulp regeneration. In in vitro study, we investigated the effects of Wnt3a, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on human dental pulp stem cells (h-DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 2D and 3D culture systems based on collagen gel, matrigel, and gelatin methacryloyl were fabricated to evaluate the morphology and viability of h-DPSCs. In in vivo study, an ectopic nude mouse model and an in situ beagle dog model were established to investigate the possibility of pulp regeneration by implanting collagen gel loading BMP7. We concluded that BMP7 promoted the migration and odontogenic differentiation of h-DPSCs and vessel formation. Collagen gel maintained the cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cell viability of h-DPSCs in 2D or 3D culture. The transplantation of collagen gel loading BMP7 induced vascularized pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo. The injectable approach based on collagen gel loading BMP7 might exert promising therapeutic application in endogenous pulp regeneration. BMP7 as a regenerative signaling molecule mediates stem cell migration and odontoblastic differentiation (a) and as a pro-angiogenic factor promotes revascularization of endothelial cells (b). Collagen gel supports cell adhesion, spreading, and viability (c). ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Mosaddad SA, Rasoolzade B, Namanloo RA, Azarpira N, Dortaj H. Stem cells and common biomaterials in dentistry: a review study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:55. [PMID: 35716227 PMCID: PMC9206624 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells exist as normal cells in embryonic and adult tissues. In recent years, scientists have spared efforts to determine the role of stem cells in treating many diseases. Stem cells can self-regenerate and transform into some somatic cells. They would also have a special position in the future in various clinical fields, drug discovery, and other scientific research. Accordingly, the detection of safe and low-cost methods to obtain such cells is one of the main objectives of research. Jaw, face, and mouth tissues are the rich sources of stem cells, which more accessible than other stem cells, so stem cell and tissue engineering treatments in dentistry have received much clinical attention in recent years. This review study examines three essential elements of tissue engineering in dentistry and clinical practice, including stem cells derived from the intra- and extra-oral sources, growth factors, and scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Rasoolzade
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration: A Guide to Identifying the Most Favorable One in Orthopedics and Dentistry Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116356. [PMID: 35683035 PMCID: PMC9181542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of regenerative medicine in various clinical applications depends on the appropriate selection of the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Indeed, the source conditions, the quality and quantity of MSCs, have an influence on the growth factors, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and secrete bioactive factors of the regenerative milieu, thus influencing the clinical result. Thus, optimal source selection should harmonize this complex setting and ensure a well-personalized and effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources, including bone marrow and adipose tissue, already used in orthopedic regenerative applications. In this sense, for bone, dental, and oral injuries, MSCs could provide an innovative and effective therapy. The present review aims to compare the properties (proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, angiogenic capacity, differentiation potential, and secretome) of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental tissue to enable clinicians to select the best source of MSCs for their clinical application in bone and oral tissue regeneration to delineate new translational perspectives. A review of the literature was conducted using the search engines Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. An analysis of different publications showed that all sources compared (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs)) are good options to promote proper migration and angiogenesis, and they turn out to be useful for gingival, dental pulp, bone, and periodontal regeneration. In particular, DT-MSCs have better proliferation rates and AT and G-MSC sources showed higher clonogenicity. MSCs from bone marrow, widely used in orthopedic regenerative medicine, are preferable for their differentiation ability. Considering all the properties among sources, BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs, and DT-MSCs present as potential candidates for oral and dental regeneration.
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Wang N, Li M, Cao Y, Yang H, Li L, Ge L, Fan Z, Zhang C, Jin L. PRMT6/LMNA/CXCL12 signaling pathway regulated the osteo/odontogenic differentiation ability in dental stem cells isolated from apical papilla. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:187-199. [PMID: 35543755 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tooth loss and maxillofacial bone defect are common diseases, which seriously affect people's health. Effective tooth and maxillofacial bone tissue regeneration is a key problem that need to be solved. In the present study, we investigate the role of PRMT6 in osteo/odontogenic differentiation and migration capacity by using SCAPs. Our results showed that knockdown of PRMT6 promoted the osteo/odontogenic differentiation compared with the control group, as detected by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, and the indicators of osteo/odontogenic differentiation measured by Western blot. In addition, overexpression of PRMT6 inhibited the osteo/odontogenic differentiation potentials of SCAPs. Then, knockdown of PRMT6 promoted the migration ability and overexpression of PRMT6 inhibited the migration ability in SCAPs. Mechanically, we discovered that the depletion of PRMT6 promoted the expression of CXCL12 by decreasing H3R2 methylation in the promoter region of CXCL12. In addition, PRMT6 formed a protein complex with LMNA, a nuclear structural protein. Depletion of LMNA inhibited the osteo/odontogenic differentiation and CXCL12 expression and increased the intranucleus PRMT6 in SCAPs. To sum up, PRMT6 might inhibit the osteo/odontogenic differentiation and migration ability of SCAPs via inhibiting CXCL12. And LMNA might be a negative regulator of PRMT6. It is suggested that PRMT6 may be a key target for SCAP-mediated bone and tooth tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, 100050, Beijing, China.,Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- Stomatological Disease Prevention and Control Center, Tsinghua University Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, 100050, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Luyuan Jin
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
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41
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Margono A, Bagio DA, Yulianto I, Dewi SU. Changes in Migratory Speed Rate of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells Cultured in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:91-96. [PMID: 35436790 PMCID: PMC9949916 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migratory speed rate evaluation of human dental pulp stromal cells (hDP-SCs) is one of the important steps in dental pulp regeneration. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyze various concentrations of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) culture media toward hDP-SCs' migratory speed rate evaluations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hDP-SCs were divided into four groups: control: hDP-SCs in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium + 10% fetal bovine serum group; hDP-SCs in 1% A-PRF group; hDP-SCs in 5% A-PRF group; and hDP-SCs in 10% A-PRF group, which were planted in 24-well (5 × 104 cell/well). The migratory speed rate of all groups was measured by using cell migration assay (scratch wound assay) after 24 hours. Cell characteristics were evaluated under microscope (Inverted microscope, Zeiss, Observer Z1, UK) that can be read through image-J interpretation. This image J represented the measurement of migratory speed rate (nm/h) data. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane's test (p < 0.05) (IBM SPSS Statistics Software, version 22.0). RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the migratory speed rates of hDP-SCs among various concentration groups of A-PRF (1, 5, and 10%) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The increase in the migratory speed rate of hDP-SCs was highest in 10% A-PRF group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Margono
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Address for correspondence Anggraini Margono, DDS, PhD Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas IndonesiaJln. Salemba Raya No 4., Jakarta 13410Indonesia
| | - Dini Asrianti Bagio
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Yulianto
- Department of Dermato Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Solo Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Utami Dewi
- Conservative Dentistry Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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42
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Sabatini C, Ayenew L, Khan T, Hall R, Lee T. Dental Pulp Cells Conditioning Through Poly(I:C) Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) for Amplification of Trophic Factors. J Endod 2022; 48:872-879. [PMID: 35447294 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex hinges on functionally diverse growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and other secreted factors collectively referred to as trophic factors. Delivery of exogenous factors and induced release of endogenous dentin-bound factors by conditioning agents have been explored towards these goals. The aim of this study was to investigate a promising regeneration strategy based on the conditioning of dental pulp cells (DPCs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] for amplification of endogenous trophic factors. METHODS DPCs were isolated from human dental pulps, propagated in culture, and treated with an optimized dose of poly(I:C). MTT assay and metabolite analysis were conducted to monitor the cytotoxicity of poly(I:C). ELISA and qPCR assays were performed to quantify induction of trophic factors in response to DPC conditioning. Statistical significance was P < .05. RESULTS Analysis of 32 trophic factors involved in Wnt signaling, cell migration and chemotaxis, cell proliferation and differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and angiogenesis, and immunoregulation revealed that DPCs abundantly express many trophic factors including AMF, BDNF, BMP2, FGF1, FGF2, FGF5, HGF, MCP1, NGF, SDF1, TGFβ1, TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3, and VEGF-A, many of which were further induced by DPC conditioning; induction, which was significant for BDNF, EGF, HGF, LIF, MCP1, SDF1, IL6, IL11, MMP9 and TIMP1. Both DPCs proliferation and lactate production (P < .05) were inhibited by 8 μg/ml poly(I:C) relative to the control. CONCLUSIONS In vitro DPC conditioning through poly(I:C) activation of TLR3 led to amplification of trophic factors involved in tissue repair. The strategy offers promise for endodontic regeneration and tooth repair and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Techung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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43
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Yan C, Yu J. Noncoding RNA in Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.806001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve the desired outcome in tissue engineering regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells need to undergo a series of biological processes, including differentiating into the ideal target cells. The extracellular vesicle (EV) in the microenvironment contributes toward determining the fate of the cells with epigenetic regulation, particularly from noncoding RNA (ncRNA), and exerts transportation and protective effects on ncRNAs. We focused on the components and functions of ncRNA (particularly microRNA) in the EVs. The EVs modified by the ncRNA favor tissue regeneration and pose a potential challenge.
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44
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Wang D, Lyu Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Chen G, Pan J, Tian W. Schwann cell-derived EVs facilitate dental pulp regeneration through endogenous stem cell recruitment via SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:610-624. [PMID: 34852303 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The dental pulp is critical for physiological vitality of the tooth, and dental pulp regeneration has great potential for rebuilding live pulp tissue after pulp disease. Schwann cells (SCs) play a critical role in the support, maintenance, and regeneration of nerve fibers in dental pulp. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which possess cell homing and tissue repair potential, derived from SCs (SC-EVs), can regulate dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proliferation, multipotency, and self-renewal. However, the role of SC-EVs in dental pulp tissue regeneration remains unclear. To address this question, we treated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) with SC-EVs, and the results showed an obvious increase in the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of both cell types. SC-EVs also promoted neurite outgrowth and neuron migration of rat dorsal root ganglia, as well as vessel formation in vitro. In an in vivo model of subcutaneous, SC-EVs enhanced the recruitment of endogenous vascular endothelioid-like cells and MSCs, and promoted the formation of a pulpo-dentinal complex-like structure. Finally, mass spectrometry analyses and western blot revealed that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) plays a dominant role in SC-EVs. Together, these data suggest that SC-EVs successfully recruit endogenous stem cells to promote dental pulp regeneration. Our results provide a cell-free strategy for pulp regeneration that avoids the risks associated with stem cell transplantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Dental pulp is vulnerable to infections resulting from dental care, trauma, and multiple restorations, with such infections resulting in pulpitis and pulp necrosis. The current endodontic treatment of irreversible pulp disease cannot restore the function of dental pulp and tissue engineering strategies using cell-based approaches are limited by several disadvantages, including immune rejection and limited cell sources. In this study, we found that schwann cells-derived EVs facilitated dental pulp regeneration through endogenous stem cells recruitment via SDF-1/CXCR4 axis without exogenous cell transplantation. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to describe a cell-free strategy to promote dental pulp regeneration.
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45
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Liu S, Sun J, Yuan S, Yang Y, Gong Y, Wang Y, Guo R, Zhang X, Liu Y, Mi H, Wang M, Liu M, Li R. Treated dentin matrix induces odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:85-97. [PMID: 34466719 PMCID: PMC8379347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treated dentin matrix (TDM) is an ideal scaffold material containing multiple extracellular matrix factors. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is necessary for tooth regeneration. Thus, this study investigated whether the TDM can promote the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and determined the potential role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in this process. Different concentrations of TDM promoted the dental differentiation of the hDPSCs and meanwhile, the expression of GSK3β was decreased. Of note, the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes changed significantly in the context of TDM induction, as per RNA sequencing (RNA seq) data. In addition, the experiment showed that new dentin was visible in rat mandible cultured with TDM, and the thickness was significantly thicker than that of the control group. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed lower GSK3β expression in new dentin. Consistently, the GSK3β knockdown hDPSCs performed enhanced odotogenesis compared with the control groups. However, GSK3β overexpressing could decrease odotogenesis of TDM-induced hDPSCs. These results were confirmed in immunodeficient mice and Wistar rats. These suggest that TDM promotes odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by directly targeting GSK3β and activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and provide a theoretical basis for tooth regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences at Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yuping Gong
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runying Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences at Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Mi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meiyue Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen Y, Ma Y, Yang X, Chen J, Yang B, Tian W. The Application of Pulp Tissue Derived-Exosomes in Pulp Regeneration: A Novel Cell-Homing Approach. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:465-476. [PMID: 35125868 PMCID: PMC8809678 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s342685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes derived from stem cells, as an alternative to stem cells themselves, have been employed for dental pulp regeneration. However, it is not known whether exosomes can recruit host cells to the regeneration process. In this study, we built a “cell homing” model to determine whether exosomes derived from dental pulp tissue (DPT-exos) can regenerate dental pulp by recruiting the stem cells from the apical dental papilla (SCAPs). Methods Exosomes were isolated from the dental pulp tissue (DPT-exos) and dental pulp stem cells (DPC-exos) of swine. The effects of the exosomes on SCAPs were compared using CKK-8, Transwell, angiogenesis, and odontogenic induction assays. DPT-exos and DPC-exos were investigated in an in vivo “cell homing” model using swine teeth to compare their roles in pulp regeneration. To build the model, we placed SCAP-containing collagen gel at the root tip and filled the cavity of the treated dental matrix (TDM) with DPT-exos and DPC-exos-laden scaffolds, which would be expected to recruit SCAPs to the pulp cavity. The complex was then implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient nude mice. After eight weeks, tissue samples were taken and analyzed histologically to determine whether the DPT-exos contributed to pulp regeneration through “cell homing”. Results Exosomes were successfully extracted from dental pulp tissue and confirmed to be exosomes. In vitro tests confirmed that DPT-exos performed better than DPC-exos in promoting the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of SCAPs. Furthermore, DPT-exos recruited SCAPs to regenerate dental pulp-like connective tissue in vivo containing collagen, odontoblasts, and enriched predentin-like tissue. Blood vessel growth was demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Conclusion This study demonstrated the ability of DPT-exos to induce SCAPs to regenerate connective tissue similar to natural dental pulp. This technique has the potential for treating pulp deficiency caused by various pulp diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Bakhtiar H, Ashoori A, Rajabi S, Pezeshki-Modaress M, Ayati A, Mousavi MR, Ellini MR, Kamali A, Azarpazhooh A, Kishen A. Human amniotic membrane extracellular matrix scaffold for dental pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Int Endod J 2021; 55:374-390. [PMID: 34923640 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM In order to obtain a 3-dimentional scaffold with predictable clinical results for pulp regeneration, this study aims to fabricate and characterize a porous decellularized human amniotic membrane (HAM) extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, and evaluate its potential to promote pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo. METHODOLOGY The HAM was decellularized, and its histology and DNA content were analysed to confirm decellularization. The scaffolds were synthesized with 15, 22.5 and 30 mg/ml concentrations. The porosity, pore size, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) absorption and degradation rate of the scaffolds were assessed. In vitro experiments were performed on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to assess their viability, proliferation, adhesion and migration on the scaffolds. The optimal group was selected for in vivo immunogenicity assessment and was also used as the cell-free or cell-loaded scaffold in root segment models to evaluate pulp regeneration. All nonparametric data were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test, whilst quantitative data were analysed with one-way anova. RESULTS Decellularization of HAM was confirmed (p < .05). The porosity of all scaffolds was more than 95%, and the pore size decreased with an increase in ECM concentration (p < .01). PBS absorption was not significantly different amongst the groups, whilst 30 mg/ml ECM scaffold had the highest degradation rate (p < .01). The hDPSCs adhered to the scaffold, whilst their proliferation rate increased over time in all groups (p < .001). Cell migration was higher in 30 mg/ml ECM scaffold (p < .05). In vivo investigation with 30 mg/ml ECM scaffold revealed mild to moderate inflammatory response. In root segments, both cell-free and cell-loaded 30 mg/ml scaffolds were replaced with newly formed, pulp-like tissue with no significant difference between groups. Immunohistochemical assessments revealed high revascularization and collagen content with no significant difference amongst the groups. CONCLUSION The 30 mg/ml HAM ECM scaffold had optimal physical properties and better supported hDPSC migration. The HAM ECM scaffold did not interfere with formation of pulp-like tissue and revascularization within the root canal when employed as both cell-free and cell-loaded scaffold. These results highlight the potential of HAM ECM membrane for further investigations in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Bakhtiar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ashoori
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ayati
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mousavi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ellini
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wei X, Li J, Liu H, Niu C, Chen D. Salidroside promotes the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the BMP signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:55. [PMID: 34917181 PMCID: PMC8630442 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics, as an alternative approach, aims to regenerate dental pulp-like tissues and is garnering the attention of clinical dentists. This is due to its reported biological benefits for dental therapeutics. Stem cells and their microenvironment serve an important role in the process of pulp regeneration. Regulation of the stem cell microenvironment and the directed differentiation of stem cells is becoming a topic of intensive research. Salidroside (SAL) is extracted from the root of Rhodiola rosea and it has been reported that SAL exerts antiaging, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer effects. However, the ability of SAL to regulate the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect of SAL on the proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was investigated. This was achieved by performing CCK-8 ARS staining assay, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to detect mRNA of ALP, OSX, RUNX2, OCN, DSPP and BSP, western blotting to detect the protein of MAPK, Smad1/5/8, OSX, RUNX2, BSP and GAPDH and immunofluorescence assays to detect DSPP. The results indicated that SAL promoted the cell viability and the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs whilst increasing the expression of genes associated with osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation by ARS staining assay. In addition, SAL promoted osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation by activating the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. Collectively, these findings suggest that SAL promoted the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs activating the BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wei
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jiayang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
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Ivanov AA, Kuznetsova AV, Popova OP, Danilova TI, Yanushevich OO. Modern Approaches to Acellular Therapy in Bone and Dental Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13454. [PMID: 34948251 PMCID: PMC8708083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An approach called cell-free therapy has rapidly developed in regenerative medicine over the past decade. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the internal potential of tissue repair inspires the development of new strategies aimed at controlling and enhancing these processes during regeneration. The use of stem cell mobilization, or homing for regeneration based on endogenous healing mechanisms, prompted a new concept in regenerative medicine: endogenous regenerative medicine. The application of cell-free therapeutic agents leading to the recruitment/homing of endogenous stem cells has advantages in overcoming the limitations and risks associated with cell therapy. In this review, we discuss the potential of cell-free products such as the decellularized extracellular matrix, growth factors, extracellular vesicles and miRNAs in endogenous bone and dental regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
| | - Alla V. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P. Popova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
| | - Tamara I. Danilova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
| | - Oleg O. Yanushevich
- Department of Paradontology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia;
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Terranova L, Louvrier A, Hébraud A, Meyer C, Rolin G, Schlatter G, Meyer F. Highly Structured 3D Electrospun Conical Scaffold: A Tool for Dental Pulp Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5775-5787. [PMID: 34846849 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New procedures envisioned for dental pulp regeneration after pulpectomy include cell homing strategy. It involves host endogenous stem cell recruitment and activation. To meet this cell-free approach, we need to design a relevant scaffold to support cell migration from tissues surrounding the dental root canal. A composite membrane made of electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers and electrosprayed polycaprolactone with tannic acid (TA) microparticles which mimics the architecture of the extracellular matrix was first fabricated. After rolling the membrane in the form of a 3D conical scaffold and subsequently coating it with gelatin, it can be directly inserted into the root canal. The porous morphology of the construct was characterized by SEM at different length scales. It was shown that TA was released from the 3D conical scaffold after 2 days in PBS at 37 °C. Biocompatibility studies were first assessed by seeding human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on planar membranes coated or not coated with gelatin to compare the surfaces. After 24 h, the results highlighted that the gelatin-coating increased the membrane biocompatibility and cell viability. Similar DPSC morphology and proliferation on both membrane surfaces were observed. The culture of DPSCs on conical scaffolds showed cell colonization in the whole cone volume, proving that the architecture of the conical scaffold was suitable for cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Terranova
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1121, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé ICPEES UMR 7515, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Aurélien Louvrier
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, stomatologie et odontologie hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon F-25000, France.,Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Anne Hébraud
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé ICPEES UMR 7515, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, stomatologie et odontologie hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Gwenaël Rolin
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France.,Inserm CIC-1431, CHU Besançon, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Guy Schlatter
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé ICPEES UMR 7515, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Florent Meyer
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1121, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
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