1
|
Dehghan S, Kheshtchin N, Hassannezhad S, Soleimani M. Cell death classification: A new insight based on molecular mechanisms. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113860. [PMID: 38013091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells tend to disintegrate themselves or are forced to undergo such destructive processes in critical circumstances. This complex cellular function necessitates various mechanisms and molecular pathways in order to be executed. The very nature of cell death is essentially important and vital for maintaining homeostasis, thus any type of disturbing occurrence might lead to different sorts of diseases and dysfunctions. Cell death has various modalities and yet, every now and then, a new type of this elegant procedure gets to be discovered. The diversity of cell death compels the need for a universal organizing system in order to facilitate further studies, therapeutic strategies and the invention of new methods of research. Considering all that, we attempted to review most of the known cell death mechanisms and sort them all into one arranging system that operates under a simple but subtle decision-making (If \ Else) order as a sorting algorithm, in which it decides to place and sort an input data (a type of cell death) into its proper set, then a subset and finally a group of cell death. By proposing this algorithm, the authors hope it may solve the problems regarding newer and/or undiscovered types of cell death and facilitate research and therapeutic applications of cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Dehghan
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kheshtchin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsuda Y, Yamauchi H, Hara H. Activation of inflammasomes and mechanisms for intracellular recognition of Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:429-437. [PMID: 37461376 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The high mortality rate associated with Listeria monocytogenes can be attributed to its ability to invade the body systemically and to activate inflammasomes. Both of these processes are facilitated by expressing a major virulence factor known as listeriolysin O, a 56 kDa pore-forming protein encoded by the hly gene. Listeriolysin O plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the bacterium by facilitating the escape of the pathogen from the phagosome into the cytosol. This process is essential for the successful establishment of infection. In addition, listeriolysin O is known as an immunomodulator that activates host signal transduction. In addition to listeriolysin O, Listeria expresses a variety of bacterial ligands, such as lipoteichoic acid, nucleotide, and flagellin, that are recognized by host intracellular pattern-recognition receptors including Nod-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors. This review introduces intracellular recognition of Listeria monocytogenes since recent studies have revealed that the activation of inflammasome exacerbates Gram-positive bacteria infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamauchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu TG, Cha JS, Kim G, Sohn YK, Yoo Y, Kim U, Song JJ, Cho HS, Kim HS. Oligomeric states of ASC specks regulate inflammatory responses by inflammasome in the extracellular space. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:142. [PMID: 37120628 PMCID: PMC10148886 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes and play a crucial role in host defense against pathogens. Downstream inflammatory responses through inflammasomes are known to be related to the oligomerization degree of ASC specks, but the detailed mechanism still remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that oligomerization degrees of ASC specks regulate the caspase-1 activation in the extracellular space. A protein binder specific for a pyrin domain (PYD) of ASC (ASCPYD) was developed, and structural analysis revealed that the protein binder effectively inhibits the interaction between PYDs, disassembling ASC specks into low oligomeric states. ASC specks with a low oligomerization degree were shown to enhance the activation of caspase-1 by recruiting and processing more premature caspase-1 through interactions between CARD of caspase-1 (caspase-1CARD) and CARD of ASC (ASCCARD). These findings can provide insight into controlling the inflammasome-mediated inflammatory process as well as the development of inflammasome-targeting drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Geun Yu
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Gijeong Kim
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyoung Sohn
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- R&D Center, Sugentech, Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jian Q, Ma Y. Pattern recognition receptor AIM2: Activation, regulation and the role in transplant immunology. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
5
|
Zhang J, Wirtz S. Does Pyroptosis Play a Role in Inflammasome-Related Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810453. [PMID: 36142364 PMCID: PMC9499396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes orchestrating intracellular recognition of endogenous and exogenous stimuli, cellular homeostasis, and cell death. Upon sensing of certain stimuli, inflammasomes typically activate inflammatory caspases that promote the production and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-18 and induce a type of inflammatory cell death known as “pyroptosis”. Pyroptosis is an important form of regulated cell death executed by gasdermin proteins, which is largely different from apoptosis and necrosis. Recently, several signaling pathways driving pyroptotic cell death, including canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation, as well as caspase-3-dependent pathways, have been reported. While much evidence exists that pyroptosis is involved in the development of several inflammatory diseases, its contribution to inflammasome-related disorders (IRDs) has not been fully clarified. This article reviews molecular mechanisms leading to pyroptosis, and attempts to provide evidence for its possible role in inflammasome-related disorders, including NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome disease, NLR containing a caspase recruitment domain 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome disease, and pyrin inflammasome disease. Although the specific mechanism needs further investigations, these studies have uncovered the role of pyroptosis in inflammasome-related disorders and may open new avenues for future therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lara-Reyna S, Caseley EA, Topping J, Rodrigues F, Jimenez Macias J, Lawler SE, McDermott MF. Inflammasome activation: from molecular mechanisms to autoinflammation. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1404. [PMID: 35832835 PMCID: PMC9262628 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are assembled by innate immune sensors that cells employ to detect a range of danger signals and respond with pro-inflammatory signalling. Inflammasomes activate inflammatory caspases, which trigger a cascade of molecular events with the potential to compromise cellular integrity and release the IL-1β and IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several molecular mechanisms, working in concert, ensure that inflammasome activation is tightly regulated; these include NLRP3 post-translational modifications, ubiquitination and phosphorylation, as well as single-domain proteins that competitively bind to key inflammasome components, such as the CARD-only proteins (COPs) and PYD-only proteins (POPs). These diverse regulatory systems ensure that a suitable level of inflammation is initiated to counteract any cellular insult, while simultaneously preserving tissue architecture. When inflammasomes are aberrantly activated can drive excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death, leading to tissue damage. In several autoinflammatory conditions, inflammasomes are aberrantly activated with subsequent development of clinical features that reflect the degree of underlying tissue and organ damage. Several of the resulting disease complications may be successfully controlled by anti-inflammatory drugs and/or specific cytokine inhibitors, in addition to more recently developed small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we will explore the molecular processes underlying the activation of several inflammasomes and highlight their role during health and disease. We also describe the detrimental effects of these inflammasome complexes, in some pathological conditions, and review current therapeutic approaches as well as future prospective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Emily A Caseley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Joanne Topping
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - François Rodrigues
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine interne Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-inflammatoires et des Amyloses d'origine inflammatoire (CEREMAIA) Paris France
| | - Jorge Jimenez Macias
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA.,Brown Cancer Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA.,Brown Cancer Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital University of Leeds Leeds UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carriere J, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. NLRP7: From inflammasome regulation to human disease. Immunology 2021; 163:363-376. [PMID: 34021586 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing receptors or NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, which sense conserved microbial patterns and host-derived danger signals to elicit innate immune responses. The activation of several prototypic NLRs, including NLR and pyrin domain (PYD) containing (NLRP) 1, NLRP3 and NLR and caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing (NLRC) 4, results in the assembly of inflammasomes, which are large, cytoplasmic multiprotein signalling platforms responsible for the maturation and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and for the induction of a specialized form of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. However, the function of other members of the NLR family, including NLRP7, are less well understood. NLRP7 has been linked to innate immune signalling, but its precise role is still controversial as it has been shown to positively and negatively affect inflammasome responses. Inflammasomes are essential for homeostasis and host defence, but inappropriate inflammasome responses due to hereditary mutations and somatic mosaicism in inflammasome components and defective regulation have been linked to a broad spectrum of human diseases. A compelling connection between NLRP7 mutations and reproductive diseases, and in particular molar pregnancy, has been established. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NLRP7 mutations contribute to reproductive diseases are largely unknown. In this review, we focus on NLRP7 and discuss the current evidence of its role in inflammasome regulation and its implication in human reproductive diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Carriere
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Great balls of fire: activation and signalling of inflammatory caspases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1311-1324. [PMID: 34060593 PMCID: PMC8286819 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses are tightly regulated by various pathways to control infections and maintain homeostasis. One of these pathways, the inflammasome pathway, activates a family of cysteine proteases called inflammatory caspases. They orchestrate an immune response by cleaving specific cellular substrates. Canonical inflammasomes activate caspase-1, whereas non-canonical inflammasomes activate caspase-4 and -5 in humans and caspase-11 in mice. Caspases are highly specific enzymes that select their substrates through diverse mechanisms. During inflammation, caspase activity is responsible for the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the execution of a form of lytic and inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. This review aims to bring together our current knowledge of the biochemical processes behind inflammatory caspase activation, substrate specificity, and substrate signalling.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mamun AA, Wu Y, Nasrin F, Akter A, Taniya MA, Munir F, Jia C, Xiao J. Role of Pyroptosis in Diabetes and Its Therapeutic Implications. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2187-2206. [PMID: 34079327 PMCID: PMC8164340 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s291453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is mainly considered as a new pro-inflammatory mediated-programmed cell death. In addition, pyroptosis is described by gasdermin-induced pore formation on the membrane, cell swelling and rapid lysis, and several pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) release. Extensive studies have shown that pyroptosis is commonly involved by activating the caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and caspase-4/5/11-dependent non-canonical pathway. However, pyroptosis facilitates local inflammation and inflammatory responses. Current researches have reported that pyroptosis promotes the progression of several diabetic complications. Emerging studies have suggested that some potential molecules targeting the pyroptosis and inflammasome signaling pathways could be a novel therapeutic avenue for managing and treating diabetes and its complications in the near future. Our narrative review concisely describes the possible mechanism of pyroptosis and its progressive understanding of the development of diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Fatema Nasrin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Afroza Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Masuma Afrin Taniya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed Bhat E, Sajjad N, Ahmad Tantray J, Hor YY, Rather IA. In vitro complex formation of human PYRIN domain-only protein 3 prevented by self-oligomerization of ASC PYD domain. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1607-1614. [PMID: 33732046 PMCID: PMC7938106 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of inflammasome complexes contributes inactivation of inflammatory caspases viz caspase 1, which is generally considered essential for the innate response. Three proteins constituted this inflammasome complex, such as Nod-like receptors (NLRP or AIM2), ASC possessing caspase-recruiting domain, and caspase-1. The ASC proteins comprise two domains, the N-terminal PYD domain responsible for the interaction of various proteins, including PYD only protein 3 (POP3), and the CARD domain for association with other proteins. The PYRIN Domain-Only Protein POP3 negatively regulates responses to DNA virus infection by preventing the ALR inflammasome formation. POP3 directly interacts with ASC, therefore inhibiting ASC recruitment to AIM2-like receptors (ALRs). In the current study, we designed various constructs of the PYRIN Domain-Only Protein 3 (POP3) and ASC PYD domain to find the best-overexpressed construct for biochemical characterization as well as our complex studies. We cloned, purified, and characterized the PYD domain of pyrin only protein 3 and ASC PYD domain under physiological conditions. Our in vitro study clearly shows that the ASC PYD domain of corresponding amino acid 1-96 aa with ease self-oligomerization in physiological buffer conditions, and complex formation of POP3 PYD (1-83 aa) was inhibited by ASC PYD domain. Besides, we purified the PYD of POP3 protein in low and high salt conditions and different pH values for their biochemical characterization. Our results showed that POP3 formed a dimer under normal physiological conditions and was stable under normal buffer conditions; however, the purification in extremely low pH (pH5.0) conditions shows unstable behavior, the high salt conditions (500 mM NaCl) influence the protein aggregation. SDS PAGE arbitrated the homogeneity of the PYD domain of pyrin only protein 3 and ASC PYD domain of corresponding amino acids 1-83 and 1-96, respectively. Furthermore, our native PAGE shows the PYD domain of pyrin; only protein 3 did not form a complex with ASC PYD domain because of oligomerization mediated by the PYD domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Nasreena Sajjad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | | | - Yan-Yan Hor
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020313. [PMID: 33669824 PMCID: PMC7923022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated immunity is unquestioned. Their functions comprise direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites as well as redox-regulation of immune signaling and induction of inflammasome activation. However, only a few studies have performed in-depth ROS analyses and even fewer have identified the precise redox-regulated target molecules. In this review, we will give a brief introduction to ROS and their sources in macrophages, summarize the versatile roles of ROS in direct and indirect antimicrobial immune defense, and provide an overview of commonly used ROS probes, scavengers and inhibitors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Regulated Necrotic Cell Death in Alternative Tumor Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122709. [PMID: 33348858 PMCID: PMC7767016 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tumors requires the induction of cell death. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are administered to kill cancer cells; however, some cancer cells are resistant to these therapies. Therefore, effective treatments require various strategies for the induction of cell death. Regulated cell death (RCD) is systematically controlled by intracellular signaling proteins. Apoptosis and autophagy are types of RCD that are morphologically different from necrosis, while necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are morphologically similar to necrosis. Unlike necrosis, regulated necrotic cell death (RNCD) is caused by disruption of the plasma membrane under the control of specific proteins and induces tissue inflammation. Various types of RNCD, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been used as therapeutic strategies against various tumor types. In this review, the mechanisms of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are described in detail, and a potential effective treatment strategy to increase the anticancer effects on apoptosis- or autophagy-resistant tumor types through the induction of RNCD is suggested.
Collapse
|
13
|
Downs KP, Nguyen H, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. An overview of the non-canonical inflammasome. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100924. [PMID: 33187725 PMCID: PMC7808250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes assembled in response to infection and cellular stress, and are crucial for the activation of inflammatory caspases and the subsequent processing and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. While caspase-1 is activated within the canonical inflammasome, the related caspase-4 (also known as caspase-11 in mice) and caspase-5 are activated within the non-canonical inflammasome upon sensing of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. However, the consequences of canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation are similar. Caspase-1 promotes the processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and the release of danger signals, as well as a lytic form of cell death called pyroptosis, whereas caspase-4, caspase-5 and caspase-11 directly promote pyroptosis through cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), and trigger a secondary activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome for cytokine release. Since the presence of the non-canonical inflammasome activator LPS leads to endotoxemia and sepsis, non-canonical inflammasome activation and regulation has important clinical ramifications. Here we discuss the mechanism of non-canonical inflammasome activation, mechanisms regulating its activity and its contribution to health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Downs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Z, Li L, Wang C, Piao Y, Jiang J, Li L, Yan G, Piao H. Recombinant Pyrin Domain Protein Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Alleviates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting Crosstalk Between TGFβ1 and Notch1 Signaling in Chronic Asthmatic Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:559470. [PMID: 33192556 PMCID: PMC7645102 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.559470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the effects of recombinant pyrin domain (RPYD) on airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with chronic asthma. The chronic asthma BALB/c mouse model was first sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged by OVA nebulization. RPYD or dexamethasone was given before OVA challenge. Our results showed that RPYD significantly inhibited the increase of total cell number, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by OVA, and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the proliferation of goblet cells and collagen deposition. In addition, RPYD inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Jagged1, Notch1, Hes1 and Smad3, as well as Smad3 phosphorylation. TGFβ1 down-regulated the level of E-cadherin and promoted the expression of α-SMA, thus inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bronchial epithelial cells. We found that RPYD reduced EMT by inhibiting TGFβ1/smad3 and Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathways. Further overexpression of NICD showed that under the stimulation of TGFβ1, NICD enhanced the phosphorylated Smad3 and nuclear Smad3, accompanied by the increased expression of Notch1 target gene Hes1. In contrast, after treatment with smad3 siRNA, the expression of Hes1 was down regulated as the decrease of Smad3, which indicates that there is crosstalk between smad3 and NICD on Hes1 expression. In conclusion, RPYD reduces airway inflammation, improves airway remodeling and reduces EMT in chronic asthmatic mice by inhibiting the crosstalk between TGFβ1/smad3 and Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Yihua Piao
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Li Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Hongmei Piao
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Paniri A, Akhavan-Niaki H. Emerging role of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19: Role of lncRNAs in cytokine storm modulation. Life Sci 2020; 257:118114. [PMID: 32693241 PMCID: PMC7368418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The world has witnessed a high morbidity and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2, and global death toll is still rising. Exaggerated inflammatory responses are thought to be more responsible for infiltrated immune cells accumulation, organ damage especially lung, dyspnea, and respiratory failure rather than direct effect of viral replication. IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome are the major immune components in immune responses stimulation upon pathogen infection. It's noteworthy that the function and expression of these components are remarkably influenced by non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNAs. Given the potential role of these components in organ damage and pathological manifestations of patients infected with COVID-19, their blockage might be a hopeful and promising treatment strategy. Notably, more study on long non-coding RNAs involved in inflammatory responses could elevate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy. In this review we discuss the potential impact of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome blocker drugs on inflammatory responses, viral clearance, and pathological and clinical manifestations. Collectively, anti-inflammatory strategy might pave the way to diminish clinical and pathological manifestations and thereby discharging patients infected with COVID-19 from hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lozano-Ruiz B, González-Navajas JM. The Emerging Relevance of AIM2 in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186535. [PMID: 32906750 PMCID: PMC7555176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a cytosolic receptor that recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and triggers the activation of the inflammasome cascade. Activation of the inflammasome results in the maturation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-18, and a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Owing to the conserved nature of its ligand, AIM2 is important during immune recognition of multiple pathogens. Additionally, AIM2 is also capable of recognizing host DNA during cellular damage or stress, thereby contributing to sterile inflammatory diseases. Inflammation, either in response to pathogens or due to sterile cellular damage, is at the center of the most prevalent and life-threatening liver diseases. Therefore, during the last 15 years, the study of inflammasome activation in the liver has emerged as a new research area in hepatology. Here, we discuss the known functions of AIM2 in the pathogenesis of different hepatic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis B, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lozano-Ruiz
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, University Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. González-Navajas
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, University Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(965)-913-928
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Alba E. The mysterious role of the NLRP9 pyrin domain in inflammasome assembly. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2380-2382. [PMID: 32735703 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva de Alba
- Department of Bioengineering. School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumari P, Russo AJ, Shivcharan S, Rathinam VA. AIM2 in health and disease: Inflammasome and beyond. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:83-95. [PMID: 32713036 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid sensing is a critical mechanism by which the immune system monitors for pathogen invasion. A set of germline-encoded innate immune receptors detect microbial DNA in various compartments of the cell, such as endosomes, the cytosol, and the nucleus. Sensing of microbial DNA through these receptors stimulates, in most cases, interferon regulatory factor-dependent type I IFN synthesis followed by JAK/STAT-dependent interferon-stimulated gene expression. In contrast, the detection of DNA in the cytosol by AIM2 assembles a macromolecular complex called the inflammasome, which unleashes the proteolytic activity of a cysteine protease caspase-1. Caspase-1 cleaves and activates the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 and a pore-forming protein, gasdermin D, which triggers pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. Research over the past decade has revealed that AIM2 plays essential roles not only in host defense against pathogens but also in inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer in inflammasome-dependent and inflammasome-independent manners. This review discusses the latest advancements in our understanding of AIM2 biology and its functions in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kumari
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sonia Shivcharan
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahn H, Han BC, Lee SH, Lee GS. Fructose-arginine, a non-saponin molecule of Korean Red Ginseng, attenuates AIM2 inflammasome activation. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:808-814. [PMID: 33192124 PMCID: PMC7655492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) has been reported to act as an inflammasome modulator. Ginsenosides, saponin molecules of RGE, selectively inhibit activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, while non-saponin molecules of RGE upregulate inflammasome components associated with the initiation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this study, we investigated the effect of non-saponin components of RGE on AIM2 inflammasome activation. Methods The role of non-saponins of RGE on AIM2 inflammasomes was tested in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, a human monocyte-like cell line, and a mouse animal model. Cells or mice were transfected with dsDNA or inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes to activate AIM2 inflammasomes. Several indices of inflammasome activation were examined via immunoblot or ELISA analysis. Results The non-saponin fraction and saponin-eliminating fraction (SEF) of RGE selectively attenuated the activation of AIM2 inflammasomes, but not that of NLRP3 or NLRC4 inflammasomes. Fructose-arginine, an amino-sugar, was shown to be effective against AIM2 inflammasome activation. Conclusion Non-saponins of RGE, such as fructose-arginine, might be effective in regulating infectious and autoimmune diseases resulting from AIM2 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Cheol Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
NLPR3 Inflammasomes and Their Significance for Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070205. [PMID: 32664349 PMCID: PMC7399980 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a serious disorder, with numerous potential complications such as cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. The origin of atherosclerosis is related to chronic inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and oxidative stress. Inflammasomes are the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex triggering the activation of inflammatory response. NLRP3 inflammasomes have a specific activation pathway that involves numerous stimuli, including a wide range of PAMPs and DAMPs. Recent studies of atherosclerotic pathology are focused on the mitochondria that appear to be a promising target for therapeutic approach development. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with oxidative stress. It was previously shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in mitochondrial damage, but the exact mechanisms of this need to be specified. In this review, we focused on the features of NLRP3 inflammasomes and their significance for atherosclerosis, especially concerning mitochondria.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang B, Bhattacharya M, Roy S, Tian Y, Yin Q. Immunobiology and structural biology of AIM2 inflammasome. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100869. [PMID: 32660715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a cytoplasmic sensor that upon recognizing double-stranded DNA assembles with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and procaspase-1 to form the multi-protein complex AIM2 inflammasome. Double-stranded DNA from bacterial, viral, or host cellular origins triggers AIM2 inflammasome assembly and activation, ultimately resulting in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death in order to eliminate microbial infection. Many pathogens therefore evade or suppress AIM2 inflammasome to establish infection. On the other hand, AIM2 activation is tightly controlled by multiple cellular factors to prevent autoinflammation. Extensive structural studies have captured the molecular details of multiple steps in AIM2 inflammasome assembly. The structures collectively revealed a nucleated polymerization mechanism that not only pervades each step of AIM2 inflammasome assembly, but also underlies assembly of other inflammasomes and complexes in immune signaling. In this article, we briefly review the identification of AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor, summarize the importance of AIM2 inflammasome in infections and diseases, and discuss the molecular mechanisms of AIM2 assembly, activation, and regulation using recent cellular, biochemical, and structural results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Madhurima Bhattacharya
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Sayantan Roy
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Y, Li R, Wang Z, Hou X, Wang C, Ai Y, Shi W, Zhan X, Wang JB, Xiao X, Bai Z, Sun H, Xu G. Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking ASC oligomerization and prevents LPS-mediated inflammation in vivo. Cell Immunol 2020; 349:104046. [PMID: 32057354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled activation of NLRP3 inflammasome initiates a series of human inflammatory diseases. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has attracted considerable attention in developing potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we reported that dehydrocostus lactone (DCL), a main component of Saussurea lappa from the traditional Chinese medicine, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation and subsequent interleukin (IL)-1β production in primary mouse macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and exerted an inhibitory effect on NLRP3-driven inflammation. Mechanistically, DCL significantly blocked the ASC oligomerization, which is essential for the assembly of activated inflammasome. Importantly, in vivo experiments showed that DCL reduced IL-1β secretion and peritoneal neutrophils recruitment in LPS-mediated inflammation mouse model, which is demonstrated to be NLRP3 dependent. These results suggest that DCL is a potent pharmacological inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and may be developed as a therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Ai
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Guang Xu
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maeda K, Caldez MJ, Akira S. Innate immunity in allergy. Allergy 2019; 74:1660-1674. [PMID: 30891811 PMCID: PMC6790574 DOI: 10.1111/all.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune system quickly responds to invasion of microbes and foreign substances through the extracellular and intracellular sensing receptors, which recognize distinctive molecular and structural patterns. The recognition of innate immune receptors leads to the induction of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses by activating downstream signaling pathways. Allergy is an immune-related disease and results from a hypersensitive immune response to harmless substances in the environment. However, less is known about the activation of innate immunity during exposure to allergens. New insights into the innate immune system by sensors and their signaling cascades provide us with more important clues and a framework for understanding allergy disorders. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the innate immune sensing system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Host Defense, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Matias J. Caldez
- Laboratory of Host Defense, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Alba E. Structure, interactions and self-assembly of ASC-dependent inflammasomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 670:15-31. [PMID: 31152698 PMCID: PMC8455077 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multi-protein platform that assembles upon the presence of cues derived from infection or tissue damage, and triggers the inflammatory response. Inflammasome components include sensor proteins that detect danger signals, procaspase 1 and the adapter ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) tethering these molecules together. Upon inflammasome assembly, procaspase 1 self-activates and renders functional cytokines to arbitrate in the defense mechanism. This assembly is mediated by self-association and protein interactions via Death Domains. The inflammasome plays a critical role in innate immunity and its dysregulation is the culprit of many autoimmune disorders. An in-depth understanding of the factors involved in inflammasome assembly could help fight these conditions. This review describes our current knowledge on the biophysical aspects of inflammasome formation from the perspective of ASC. The specific characteristics of the three-dimensional solution structure and interdomain dynamics of ASC are explained in relation to its function in inflammasome assembly. Additionally, the review elaborates on the identification of ASC interacting surfaces at the amino acid level using NMR techniques. Finally, the macrostructures formed by full-length ASC and its two Death Domains studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy are compared in the context of a directional model for inflammasome assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva de Alba
- Department of Bioengineering. School of Engineering. University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multi-molecular platform crucial to the induction of an inflammatory response to cellular danger. Recognition in the cytoplasm of endogenously and exogenously derived ligands initiates conformational change in sensor proteins, such as NLRP3, that permits the subsequent rapid recruitment of adaptor proteins, like ASC, and the resulting assembly of a large-scale inflammatory signalling platform. The assembly process is driven by sensor-sensor interactions as well as sensor-adaptor and adaptor-adaptor interactions. The resulting complex, which can reach diameters of around 1 micron, has a variable composition and stoichiometry. The inflammasome complex functions as a platform for the proximity induced activation of effector caspases, such as caspase-1 and caspase-8. This ultimately leads to the processing of the inflammatory cytokines pro-IL1β and pro-IL18 into their active forms, along with the cleavage of Gasdermin D, a key activator of cell death via pyroptosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Carpentier SJ, Ni M, Duggan JM, James RG, Cookson BT, Hamerman JA. The signaling adaptor BCAP inhibits NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation in macrophages through interactions with Flightless-1. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/581/eaau0615. [PMID: 31088976 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
B cell adaptor for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (BCAP) is a signaling adaptor that activates the PI3K pathway downstream of B cell receptor signaling in B cells and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages. BCAP binds to the regulatory p85 subunit of class I PI3K and is a large, multidomain protein. We used proteomic analysis to identify other BCAP-interacting proteins in macrophages and found that BCAP specifically associated with the caspase-1 pseudosubstrate inhibitor Flightless-1 and its binding partner leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 2. Because these proteins inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, we investigated the role of BCAP in inflammasome function. Independent of its effects on TLR priming, BCAP inhibited NLRP3- and NLRC4-induced caspase-1 activation, cell death, and IL-1β release from macrophages. Accordingly, caspase-1-dependent clearance of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant was enhanced in BCAP-deficient mice. Mechanistically, BCAP delayed the recruitment and activation of pro-caspase-1 within the NLRP3/ASC preinflammasome through its association with Flightless-1. Thus, BCAP is a multifunctional signaling adaptor that inhibits key pathogen-sensing pathways in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Carpentier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Minjian Ni
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Duggan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Richard G James
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brad T Cookson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
He DK, Chen JF, Shao YR, Zhou FQ, Shen J. Adenovirus-delivered angiopoietin-1 ameliorates phosgene-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 30:187-194. [PMID: 30257148 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1492648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is reported to have the ability to attenuate endothelial permeability and inflammation during the stress condition and is considered to play a critical role in vascular stabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of adenovirus-delivered Ang1 in phosgene-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS ALI was induced in rats by phosgene exposure at 8.33 g/m3 for 5 min, followed by an intravenous injection of adenovirus-Ang1 (Ad/Ang1). The histologic changes of the lung were evaluated with H&E staining. The levels of cytokines in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by ELISA. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was assessed with immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, Western blotting and TUNEL staining. RESULTS Histologic analyses suggested that reduced severity in phosgene-induced ALI with Ad/Ang1 treatment. Reduced levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 were found in both serum and BALF samples from Ad/Ang1-treated ALI rats induced by phosgene. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that Ad/Ang1 treatment inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Decreased mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were found in phosgene-exposed rats treated with Ad/Ang1. In addition, TUNEL staining indicated a decrease in pyroptosis in phosgene-exposed rats treated with Ad/Ang1. CONCLUSIONS Ang1 exerts beneficial effects on phosgene-induced lung injury via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Disruption of NLRP3 inflammasome activation might be served as therapeutic modality for the treatment of phosgene-induced ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Kun He
- a Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun-Feng Chen
- a Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi-Ru Shao
- a Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Fang-Qing Zhou
- a Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Shen
- a Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nambayan RJT, Sandin SI, Quint DA, Satyadi DM, de Alba E. The inflammasome adapter ASC assembles into filaments with integral participation of its two Death Domains, PYD and CARD. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:439-452. [PMID: 30459235 PMCID: PMC6333874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex necessary for the onset of inflammation. The adapter protein ASC assembles inflammasome components by acting as a molecular glue between danger-signal sensors and procaspase-1. The assembly is mediated by ASC self-association and protein interactions via its two Death Domains, PYD and CARD. Truncated versions of ASC have been shown to form filaments, but information on the filaments formed by full-length ASC is needed to construct a meaningful model of inflammasome assembly. To gain insights into this system, we used a combination of transmission EM, NMR, and computational analysis to investigate intact ASC structures. We show that ASC forms ∼6-7-nm-wide filaments that stack laterally to form bundles. The structural characteristics and dimensions of the bundles indicate that both PYD and CARD are integral parts of the filament. A truncated version of ASC with only the CARD domain (ASCCARD) forms different filaments (∼3-4-nm width), providing further evidence that both domains work in concert in filament assembly. Ring-shaped protein particles bound to pre-existing filaments match the size of ASC dimer structures generated by NMR-based protein docking, suggesting that the ASC dimer could be a basic building block for filament formation. Solution NMR binding studies identified the protein surfaces involved in the ASCCARD-ASCCARD interaction. These data provide new insights into the structural underpinnings of the inflammasome and should inform future efforts to interrogate this important biological system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne I Sandin
- From the Department of Bioengineering
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program
| | - David A Quint
- NSF-CREST Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines, and
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Diaz-Parga P, de Alba E. Protein interactions of the inflammasome adapter ASC by solution NMR. Methods Enzymol 2019; 625:223-252. [PMID: 31455529 PMCID: PMC8455076 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) is a modular protein that functions as an adapter of the inflammasome, a multi-protein complex that triggers the inflammatory response in the presence of infection or cell damage. ASC bridges the inflammasome components (PYD-containing sensors and procaspase 1) via homotypic interactions mediated by its two death domains, PYD and CARD. The self-assembly and oligomerization of multiple copies of these three proteins result in the activation of procaspase 1, in turn rendering different cytokines functional. An in-depth understanding of ASC binding capabilities is crucial to decipher the molecular mechanisms of its role in inflammasome formation. In this chapter, we discuss the use of solution NMR to identify specific interacting surfaces of the inflammasome adapter ASC, and describe detailed protocols to perform NMR titrations with Death Domains to obtain apparent dissociation constants of the resulting complexes. The incorporation of NMR restraints in molecular docking to obtain models of these protein assemblies is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Diaz-Parga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, United States,Quantitative Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Eva de Alba
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, United States,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
AIM2 Inflammasome Assembly and Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1172:143-155. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
31
|
Rovira-Llopis S, Apostolova N, Bañuls C, Muntané J, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mitochondria, the NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Sirtuins in Type 2 Diabetes: New Therapeutic Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:749-791. [PMID: 29256638 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia can lead to the development of comorbidities such as atherosclerosis and microvascular/macrovascular complications. Both type 2 diabetes and its complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Type 2 diabetes is also a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to inflammasome activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukins (ILs) IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, sirtuins are energetic sensors that respond to metabolic load, which highlights their relevance in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Recent Advances: Over the past decade, great progress has been made in clarifying the signaling events regulated by mitochondria, inflammasomes, and sirtuins. Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best characterized inflammasome, and the generation of oxidant species seems to be critical for its activation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and altered sirtuin levels have been observed in type 2 diabetes. Critical Issue: Despite increasing evidence of the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and of their participation in type 2 diabetes physiopathology, therapeutic strategies to combat type 2 diabetes that target NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins are yet to be consolidated. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review article, we attempt to provide an overview of the existing literature concerning the crosstalk between mitochondrial impairment and the inflammasome, with particular attention to cellular and mitochondrial redox metabolism and the potential role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In addition, we discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular interactions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 749-791.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- 3 Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain .,5 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morris G, Walker AJ, Berk M, Maes M, Puri BK. Cell Death Pathways: a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neuroscientists. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5767-5786. [PMID: 29052145 PMCID: PMC5994217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the first part, the following mechanisms involved in different forms of cell death are considered, with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets: tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and their engagement by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 cleavage; the apoptosis signalling kinase (ASK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) axis; lysosomal permeability; activation of programmed necrotic cell death; oxidative stress, caspase-3 inhibition and parthanatos; activation of inflammasomes by reactive oxygen species and the development of pyroptosis; oxidative stress, calcium dyshomeostasis and iron in the development of lysosomal-mediated necrosis and lysosomal membrane permeability; and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis. In the second part, there is a consideration of the role of lethal and sub-lethal activation of these pathways in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive disorders, with particular reference to the TNF-α-TNFR signalling axis; dysregulation of ASK-1-JNK signalling; prolonged or chronic PARP-1 activation; the role of pyroptosis and chronic inflammasome activation; and the roles of lysosomal permeabilisation, necroptosis and ferroptosis. Finally, it is suggested that, in addition to targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory processes generally, neuropsychiatric disorders may respond to therapeutic targeting of TNF-α, PARP-1, the Nod-like receptor NLRP3 inflammasome and the necrosomal molecular switch receptor-interacting protein kinase-3, since their widespread activation can drive and/or exacerbate peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation even in the absence of cell death. To this end, the use is proposed of a combination of the tetracycline derivative minocycline and N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatment for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Morris
- , Bryn Road Seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, , SA15 2LW, UK
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - A J Walker
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - M Berk
- The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-040, Brazil
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - M Maes
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chu LH, Indramohan M, Ratsimandresy RA, Gangopadhyay A, Morris EP, Monack DM, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. The oxidized phospholipid oxPAPC protects from septic shock by targeting the non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29520027 PMCID: PMC5843631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria can elicit a strong immune response. Although extracellular LPS is sensed by TLR4 at the cell surface and triggers a transcriptional response, cytosolic LPS binds and activates non-canonical inflammasome caspases, resulting in pyroptotic cell death, as well as canonical NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent cytokine release. Contrary to the highly regulated multiprotein platform required for caspase-1 activation in the canonical inflammasomes, the non-canonical mouse caspase-11 and the orthologous human caspase-4 function simultaneously as innate sensors and effectors, and their regulation is unclear. Here we show that the oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (oxPAPC) inhibits the non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages, but not in dendritic cells. Aside from a TLR4 antagonistic role, oxPAPC binds directly to caspase-4 and caspase-11, competes with LPS binding, and consequently inhibits LPS-induced pyroptosis, IL-1β release and septic shock. Therefore, oxPAPC and its derivatives might provide a basis for therapies that target non-canonical inflammasomes during Gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan H Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.,Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Rojo A Ratsimandresy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Anu Gangopadhyay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.,Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Emily P Morris
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Poudel B, Gurung P. An update on cell intrinsic negative regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:10.1002/JLB.3MIR0917-350R. [PMID: 29377242 PMCID: PMC6202258 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0917-350r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that promote inflammation (through specific cleavage and production of bioactive IL-1β and IL-18) and pyroptotic cell death. The central role of inflammasomes in combating infection and maintaining homeostasis has been studied extensively. Although inflammasome-mediated inflammation and cell death are vital to limit pathogenic insults and to promote wound healing/tissue regeneration, unchecked/uncontrolled inflammation, and cell death can cause cytokine storm, tissue damage, autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and even death in the afflicted individuals. NLRP3 is one of the major cytosolic sensors that assemble an inflammasome. Given the adverse consequences of uncontrolled inflammasome activation, our immune system has developed tiered mechanisms to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this review, we highlight and discuss recent advances and our current understanding of mechanisms by which NLRP3 inflammasome can be negatively regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barun Poudel
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Center for Immunology and Immune-Based Disease, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lugrin J, Martinon F. The AIM2 inflammasome: Sensor of pathogens and cellular perturbations. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:99-114. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lugrin
- Service of Adult Intensive Care Medicine; Lausanne University Hospital; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Fabio Martinon
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Indramohan M, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. COPs and POPs Patrol Inflammasome Activation. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:153-173. [PMID: 29024695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensing and responding to pathogens and tissue damage is a core mechanism of innate immune host defense, and inflammasomes represent a central cytosolic pattern recognition receptor pathway leading to the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and pyroptotic cell death that causes the subsequent release of danger signals to propagate and perpetuate inflammatory responses. While inflammasome activation is essential for host defense, deregulated inflammasome responses and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and danger signals are linked to an increasing spectrum of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss recent developments in elucidating the role of PYRIN domain-only proteins (POPs) and the related CARD-only proteins (COPs) in regulating inflammasome responses and their impact on inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The PYRIN domain-only protein POP2 inhibits inflammasome priming and activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15556. [PMID: 28580931 PMCID: PMC5465353 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein platforms linking recognition of microbe, pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns by cytosolic sensory proteins to caspase-1 activation. Caspase-1 promotes pyroptotic cell death and the maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which trigger inflammatory responses to clear infections and initiate wound-healing; however, excessive responses cause inflammatory disease. Inflammasome assembly requires the PYRIN domain (PYD)-containing adaptor ASC, and depends on PYD–PYD interactions. Here we show that the PYD-only protein POP2 inhibits inflammasome assembly by binding to ASC and interfering with the recruitment of ASC to upstream sensors, which prevents caspase-1 activation and cytokine release. POP2 also impairs macrophage priming by inhibiting the activation of non-canonical IκB kinase ɛ and IκBα, and consequently protects from excessive inflammation and acute shock in vivo. Our findings advance our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms that maintain a balanced inflammatory response and highlight important differences between individual POP members. Excessive inflammasome activation leads to inflammatory diseases, but how inflammasomes are regulated by PYD-only adaptors is unclear. Here the authors show that the PYD-only protein POP2 inhibits both inflammasome priming and assembly by interfering, respectively, with IκBα activation and NLRP3-ASC interaction.
Collapse
|
38
|
Qin H, Jin J, Fischer H, Mildner M, Gschwandtner M, Mlitz V, Eckhart L, Tschachler E. The caspase-1 inhibitor CARD18 is specifically expressed during late differentiation of keratinocytes and its expression is lost in lichen planus. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:176-182. [PMID: 28506683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CARD18 contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) via which it binds to caspase-1 and thereby inhibits caspase-1-mediated activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. OBJECTIVES To determine the expression profile and the role of CARD18 during differentiation of keratinocytes and to compare the expression of CARD18 in normal skin and in inflammatory skin diseases. METHODS Human keratinocytes were induced to differentiate in monolayer and in 3D skin equivalent cultures. In some experiments, CARD18-specific siRNAs were used to knock down expression of CARD18. CARD18 mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, and CARD18 protein was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. In situ expression was analyzed in skin biopsies obtained from healthy donors and patients with psoriasis and lichen planus. RESULTS CARD18 mRNA was expressed in the epidermis at more than 100-fold higher levels than in any other human tissue. Within the epidermis, CARD18 was specifically expressed in the granular layer. In vitro CARD18 was strongly upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in keratinocytes undergoing terminal differentiation. In skin equivalent cultures the expression of CARD18 was efficiently suppressed by siRNAs without impairing stratum corneum formation. Epidermal expression of CARD18 was increased after ultraviolet (UV)B irradiation of skin explants. In skin biopsies of patients with psoriasis no consistent regulation of CARD18 expression was observed, however, in lesional epidermis of patients with lichen planus, CARD18 expression was either greatly diminished or entirely absent whereas in non-lesional areas expression was comparable to normal skin. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify CARD18 as a differentiation-associated keratinocyte protein that is altered in abundance by UV stress. Its downregulation in lichen planus indicates a potential role in inflammatory reactions of the epidermis in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heinz Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Gschwandtner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Mlitz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Maharana J, Vats A, Gautam S, Nayak BP, Kumar S, Sendha J, De S. POP1 might be recruiting its type-Ia interface for NLRP3-mediated PYD-PYD interaction: Insights from MD simulation. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [PMID: 28370480 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein caspase-activating complexes that enhance the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) in response to the invading pathogen and/or host-derived cellular stress. These are assembled by the sensory proteins (viz NLRC4, NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM-2), adaptor protein (ASC), and effector molecule procaspase-1. In NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation, ASC acts as a mediator between NLRP3 and procaspase-1 for the transmission of signals. A series of homotypic protein-protein interactions (NLRP3PYD :ASCPYD and ASCCARD :CASP1CARD ) propagates the downstream signaling for the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Pyrin-only protein 1 (POP1) is known to act as the regulator of inflammasome. It modulates the ASC-mediated inflammasome assembly by interacting with pyrin domain (PYD) of ASC. However, despite similar electrostatic surface potential, the interaction of POP1 with NLRP3PYD is obscured till date. Herein, to explore the possible PYD-PYD interactions between NLRP3PYD and POP1, a combined approach of protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation was adapted. The current study revealed that POP1's type-Ia interface and type-Ib interface of NLRP3PYD might be crucial for 1:1 PYD-PYD interaction. In addition to type-I mode of interaction, we also observed type-II and type-III interaction modes in two different dynamically stable heterotrimeric complexes (POP1-NLRP3-NLRP3 and POP1-NLRP3-POP1). The inter-residual/atomic distance calculation exposed several critical residues that possibly govern the said interaction, which need further investigation. Overall, the findings of this study will shed new light on hitherto concealed molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3-mediated inflammasome, which will have strong future therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Maharana
- Department of Bioinformatics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, -751003, Odisha, India
| | - Ashutosh Vats
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 751003, Haryana, India
| | - Santwana Gautam
- Department of Bioinformatics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, -751003, Odisha, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Nayak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, -751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 751003, Haryana, India
| | - Jasobanta Sendha
- Department of Bioinformatics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, -751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 751003, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hoss F, Rodriguez-Alcazar JF, Latz E. Assembly and regulation of ASC specks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1211-1229. [PMID: 27761594 PMCID: PMC11107573 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome adapter ASC links activated inflammasome sensors to the effector molecule pro-caspase-1. Recruitment of pro-caspase-1 to ASC promotes the autocatalytic activation of caspase-1, which leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. Upon triggering of inflammasome sensors, ASC assembles into large helical fibrils that interact with each other serving as a supramolecular signaling platform termed the ASC speck. Alternative splicing, post-translational modifications of ASC, as well as interaction with other proteins can perturb ASC function. In several inflammatory diseases, ASC specks can be found in the extracellular space and its presence correlates with poor prognosis. Here, we review the role of ASC in inflammation, and focus on the structural mechanisms that lead to ASC speck formation, the regulation of ASC function during inflammasome assembly, and the importance of ASC specks in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hoss
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan F Rodriguez-Alcazar
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vizlin-Hodzic D, Zhai Q, Illes S, Södersten K, Truvé K, Parris TZ, Sobhan PK, Salmela S, Kosalai ST, Kanduri C, Strandberg J, Seth H, Bontell TO, Hanse E, Ågren H, Funa K. Early onset of inflammation during ontogeny of bipolar disorder: the NLRP2 inflammasome gene distinctly differentiates between patients and healthy controls in the transition between iPS cell and neural stem cell stages. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1010. [PMID: 28117838 PMCID: PMC5545741 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation and neuronal communication are considered as mis-regulated processes in the aetiology and pathology of bipolar disorder (BD). Which and when specific signal pathways become abnormal during the ontogeny of bipolar disorder patients is unknown. To address this question, we applied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology followed by cortical neural differentiation on adipocyte-derived cells from BD type I patients (with psychotic episodes in psychiatric history) and healthy volunteers (controls). RNA sequencing in iPSC and cortical neural stem cell (NSC) lines were used to examine alterations between the transcriptomes from BD I and control samples during transition from the pluripotent stage towards the neural developmental stage. At the iPSC stage, the most highly significant differentially expressed gene (DEG) was the NLRP2 inflammasome (P=2.66 × 10-10). Also among 42 DEGs at the NSC stage, NLRP2 showed the strongest statistical significance (P=3.07 × 10-19). In addition, we have also identified several cytoskeleton-associated genes as DEGs from the NSC stage, such as TMP2, TAGLN and ACTA2; the former two genes are recognised for the first time to be associated with BD. Our results also suggest that iPSC-derived BD-cortical NSCs carry several abnormalities in dopamine and GABA receptor canonical pathways, underlining that our in vitro BD model reflects pathology in the central nervous system. This would indicate that mis-regulated gene expression of inflammatory, neurotransmitter and cytoskeletal signalling occurs during early fetal brain development of BD I patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Vizlin-Hodzic
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Q Zhai
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Illes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Södersten
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Truvé
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Z Parris
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P K Sobhan
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Salmela
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S T Kosalai
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Kanduri
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Strandberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Seth
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T O Bontell
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Hanse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Ågren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden E-mail:
| | - K Funa
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Innate recognition of microbial-derived signals in immunity and inflammation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1210-1217. [PMID: 27888386 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbes generate a vast array of different types of conserved structural components called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which can be recognized by cells of the innate immune system. This recognition of "nonself" signatures occurs through host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), suggesting that microbial-derived signals are good targets for innate immunity to discriminate between self- and nonself. Such PAMP-PRR interactions trigger multiple but distinct downstream signaling cascades, subsequently leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons that tailor immune responses to particular microbes. Aberrant PRR signals have been associated with various inflammatory diseases and fine regulation of PRR signaling is essential for avoiding excessive inflammatory immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this review we summarize the ligands and signal transduction pathways of PRRs and highlight recent progress of the mechanisms involved in microbe-specific innate immune recognition during immune responses and inflammation, which may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention to the inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ariffin JK, Kapetanovic R, Schaale K, Gatica-Andrades M, Blumenthal A, Schroder K, Sweet MJ. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF144B is LPS-inducible in human, but not mouse, macrophages and promotes inducible IL-1β expression. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:155-61. [PMID: 26819317 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ab0815-339r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in human and mouse immune responses may partly reflect species-specific adaptations and can provide important insights into human immunity. In this study, we show that RNF144B, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was lipopolysaccharide-inducible in primary human macrophages and in human macrophage-like THP-1 cells. In contrast, Rnf144b was not lipopolysaccharide-inducible in several mouse cell populations, including primary macrophages from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Similarly, Rnf144b was not up-regulated by infection of C57BL/6 mice with Escherichia coli Although the human and mouse RNF144B genes have conserved transcription start sites, cap analysis of gene expression data confirmed that the RNF144B promoter directs transcription in human but not mouse macrophages. The human and mouse RNF144B genes are controlled by highly conserved TATA-containing promoters, but subtle differences in transcription factor binding sites may account for differential regulation. Using gene silencing, we showed that RNF144B is necessary for priming of inflammasome responses in primary human macrophages. Specifically, RNF144B promotes lipopolysaccharide-inducible IL-1b mRNA expression but does not regulate expression of several other lipopolysaccharide-inducible cytokines (e.g., interleukin-10, interferon-γ) or affect expression of inflammasome components or substrates (e.g., procaspase-1, pro-interleukin-18). Our findings thus revealed a species-specific regulatory mechanism for selective inflammasome priming in human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana K Ariffin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Kolja Schaale
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Marcela Gatica-Andrades
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Shimada K, Crother TR, Arditi M. POPsicle for Fever! Cooling Down the Inflammasome. Immunity 2015; 43:213-5. [PMID: 26287676 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the inflammasome might be beneficial for numerous inflammatory pathologies. In this issue of Immunity, de Almeida et al. (2015) report that the PYRIN domain-only protein (POP1) efficiently inhibits inflammasome activation, identifying it as a pan-inflammasome inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Shimada
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
de Almeida L, Khare S, Misharin AV, Patel R, Ratsimandresy RA, Wallin MC, Perlman H, Greaves DR, Hoffman HM, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. The PYRIN Domain-only Protein POP1 Inhibits Inflammasome Assembly and Ameliorates Inflammatory Disease. Immunity 2015; 43:264-76. [PMID: 26275995 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In response to infections and tissue damage, ASC-containing inflammasome protein complexes are assembled that promote caspase-1 activation, IL-1β and IL-18 processing and release, pyroptosis, and the release of ASC particles. However, excessive or persistent activation of the inflammasome causes inflammatory diseases. Therefore, a well-balanced inflammasome response is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis. We show that the PYD-only protein POP1 inhibited ASC-dependent inflammasome assembly by preventing inflammasome nucleation, and consequently interfered with caspase-1 activation, IL-1β and IL-18 release, pyroptosis, and the release of ASC particles. There is no mouse ortholog for POP1, but transgenic expression of human POP1 in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells protected mice from systemic inflammation triggered by molecular PAMPs, inflammasome component NLRP3 mutation, and ASC danger particles. POP1 expression was regulated by TLR and IL-1R signaling, and we propose that POP1 provides a regulatory feedback loop that shuts down excessive inflammatory responses and thereby prevents systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia de Almeida
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sonal Khare
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rajul Patel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rojo A Ratsimandresy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Melissa C Wallin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego (UCSD) and San Diego Branch, Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|