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Hanson BS, Hailemariam A, Yang Y, Mohamed F, Donati GL, Baker D, Sacchettini J, Cai JJ, Subashchandrabose S. Identification of a copper-responsive small molecule inhibitor of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2024:e0011224. [PMID: 38856220 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00112-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major global health problem and are caused predominantly by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UTIs are a leading cause of prescription antimicrobial use. Incessant increase in antimicrobial resistance in UPEC and other uropathogens poses a serious threat to the current treatment practices. Copper is an effector of nutritional immunity that impedes the growth of pathogens during infection. We hypothesized that copper would augment the toxicity of select small molecules against bacterial pathogens. We conducted a small molecule screening campaign with a library of 51,098 molecules to detect hits that inhibit a UPEC ΔtolC mutant in a copper-dependent manner. A molecule, denoted as E. coli inhibitor or ECIN, was identified as a copper-responsive inhibitor of wild-type UPEC strains. Our gene expression and metal content analysis results demonstrate that ECIN works in concert with copper to exacerbate Cu toxicity in UPEC. ECIN has a broad spectrum of activity against pathogens of medical and veterinary significance including Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Subinhibitory levels of ECIN eliminate UPEC biofilm formation. Transcriptome analysis of UPEC treated with ECIN reveals induction of multiple stress response systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate that L-cysteine rescues the growth of UPEC exposed to ECIN. In summary, we report the identification and characterization of a novel copper-responsive small molecule inhibitor of UPEC.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a ubiquitous infectious condition affecting millions of people annually. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the predominant etiological agent of UTI. However, UTIs are becoming increasingly difficult to resolve with antimicrobials due to increased antimicrobial resistance in UPEC and other uropathogens. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel copper-responsive small molecule inhibitor of UPEC. In addition to E. coli, this small molecule also inhibits pathogens of medical and veterinary significance including Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden S Hanson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Amanuel Hailemariam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Faras Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - George L Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dwight Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - James Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sargurunathan Subashchandrabose
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Mane MK, Raffy G, Glorennec P, Bonvallot N, Bonnet P, Dumas O, Nchama AE, Saramito G, Duguépéroux C, Mandin C, Le Moual N, Le Bot B. Biocide and other semi-volatile organic compound concentrations in settled indoor dust of CRESPI daycare centers and implication for public health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134277. [PMID: 38657505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the presence of biocides and other semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in cleaning products used in daycare centers and health impact through ingestion of settled dust by young children. In Paris metropolitan area, 106 daycares area were investigated between 2019-2022. Fifteen substances were analyzed in settled indoor dust by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Detection rates and concentrations ranged from 5 to 100%, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayoro Kebe Mane
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Gaëlle Raffy
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Pierre Bonnet
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Indoor Environment Quality Unit, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France.
| | - Orianne Dumas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Anastasie Eworo Nchama
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Gaëlle Saramito
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Camille Duguépéroux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Corinne Mandin
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Indoor Environment Quality Unit, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France.
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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de Araújo BB, Gonçalves PFB. From skin sensitizers to wastewater: the unknown photo-deactivation process of low-lying excited states of isothiazolinones. A non-adiabatic dynamics investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12799-12805. [PMID: 38619871 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00998c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Isothiazolinones represent a class of heterocyclic compounds widely used in various applications, including as biocides in cosmetics, detergents, and paints, as well as in industrial wastewater treatment. Indeed, the presence of isothiazolinones in the environment and their associated potential health hazards have raised significant concerns. In this study, a non-adiabatic dynamics investigation was conducted using state-of-the-art methodologies to explore the photochemistry of isothiazolinones. A simplified model, isothiazol-3(2H)-one (ISO), was employed to represent this compound class. The study validated the model and demonstrated that ISO can return to its ground state through the cleavage of the S-N or S-C bonds, with no significant energy barrier observed. Non-adiabatic dynamics simulations provided insights into the time scales and detailed processes of isothiazolinone photodissociation. The preferred route for deactivation was found to be the cleavage of the S-N bond. This research enhances our understanding of the photodeactivation processes of isothiazolinones and their potential environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bercini de Araújo
- Grupo de Química Teórica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Instituto de Química, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15003, CEP 91501970, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Fernando Bruno Gonçalves
- Grupo de Química Teórica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Instituto de Química, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15003, CEP 91501970, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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4
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Yin F, Qin Z. Long-Chain Molecules with Agro-Bioactivities and Their Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:5880. [PMID: 37570848 PMCID: PMC10421526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain molecules play a vital role in agricultural production and find extensive use as fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators. This review article specifically addresses the agricultural biological activities and applications of long-chain molecules. The utilization of long-chain molecules in the development of pesticides is an appealing avenue for designing novel pesticide compounds. By offering valuable insights, this article serves as a useful reference for the design of new long-chain molecules for pesticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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Li Y, Wang C, Pan S, Zhao X, Liu N. Mn doping improves in-situ H 2O 2 generation and activation in electro-Fenton process by Fe/Mn@CC cathode using high-temperature shock technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136074. [PMID: 35987271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fe/Mn@carbon cloth (CC) was successfully fabricated through high-temperature shock (HTS) technique and used as cathode modification in heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) process for methylisothiazolinone (MIT) degradation. The nanocrystalline on Fe/Mn@CC electrode is doped with Fe and Mn oxides and coated with carbon layer, which could markedly enhance the electrocatalysis with high electro-chemical active area and low resistance. Fe/Mn@CC modified cathode can efficiently in-situ produce and activate H2O2, showing high electrocatalytic activity to MIT degradation. The 95.2% MIT degradation with in 100 min were achieved under the condition of 30 mA current, 0.75 L min-1 aeration intensity and initial pH = 3. Based on the CV curves and stability test, the high degradation activity revealed the kinetically beneficial regeneration of FeII/MnII in Fe/Mn@CC and activation of H2O2. The electron transfer between FeII/III and MnII/III, together with the direct FeII/MnII regeneration on the cathode, could markedly promote the H2O2 utilization, and eventually lead to MIT degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Li
- School of Environmemtal Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmemtal Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Shuang Pan
- School of Environmemtal Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Environmemtal Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Environmemtal Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of isothiazolinones in the composition and emissions from consumer products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6617-6626. [PMID: 34498103 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Isothiazolinones, a family of biocides, are used as preservatives for their fungicidal, bactericidal, and algacidal properties. These compounds can be found in a wide range of consumer and building products, such as paints, varnishes, shampoos, and liquid detergents. A robust analytical UPLC-MS/MS method to identify and quantify seven isothiazolinones (MIT, CMI, BIT, MBIT, BBIT, OIT, and DCOIT) in consumer products and their emissions was developed and validated according to ISO/IEC 17025. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.14 μg L-1 (BIT) to 0.54 μg L-1 (CMI). The method was applied for the quantification of the seven isothiazolinones in four types of consumer products (i.e., cosmetics, air fresheners, cleaning products, and building products) and the indoor emissions from a paint. Matrix effects were observed for the shampoo (63-74%), the shower gel (67-84%), and the ceramic glass cleaner (53-57%). All isothiazolinones indicated by the manufacturer (i.e., MIT, CMI, BIT, OIT, and DCOIT) were detected in the products and successfully quantified by the UPLC-MS/MS method.
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Song MK, Kim DI, Lee K. Kathon Induces Fibrotic Inflammation in Lungs: The First Animal Study Revealing a Causal Relationship between Humidifier Disinfectant Exposure and Eosinophil and Th2-Mediated Fibrosis Induction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204684. [PMID: 33066398 PMCID: PMC7587358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available toxicity data on humidifier disinfectants are primarily limited to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced lung fibrosis. We, therefore, investigated whether the sterilizer component Kathon, which is a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, induces fibrotic lung injury following direct lung exposure in an animal model. Mice were intratracheally instilled with either the vehicle or Kathon. Differential cell counts, cytokine analysis, and histological analysis of lung tissue were then performed to characterize the injury features, and we investigated whether Kathon altered fibrosis-related gene expression in lung tissues via RNA-Seq and bioinformatics. Cell counting showed that Kathon exposure increased the proportion of macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Moreover, T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly increased in the Kathon groups. Histopathological analysis revealed increased perivascular/alveolar inflammation, eosinophilic cells, mucous cell hyperplasia, and pulmonary fibrosis following Kathon exposure. Additionally, Kathon exposure modulated the expression of genes related to fibrotic inflammation, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 cascade, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway, transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway, cellular response to tumor necrosis factor, and collagen fibril organization. Our results suggest that Kathon exposure is associated with fibrotic lung injury via a Th2-dependent pathway and is thus a possible risk factor for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Song
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (D.I.K.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (D.I.K.)
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (D.I.K.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-63-570-8740
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8
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Park SK, Seol HS, Park HJ, Kim YS, Ryu SH, Kim J, Kim S, Lee JH, Kwon JH. Experimental determination of indoor air concentration of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one/ 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT) emitted by the use of humidifier disinfectant. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020008. [PMID: 32600006 PMCID: PMC7374189 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.e2020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one/2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT) had been used as an active ingredient in humidifier disinfectants (HDs). Owing to its high reactivity, the atmospheric concentration of CMIT/MIT, following its use in HD, would be lower than expected assuming that it is removed by ventilation only. In order to evaluate the exposure concentration of CMIT/MIT used as an HD, room-scale chamber studies were conducted under plausible use of three different HD doses at air change rates (ACR) of 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 h-1. Atmospheric CMIT/MIT was sampled using two serial impingers containing deionized water after the attainment of steady state. Water samples in which CMIT/MIT was dissolved were concentrated using a cosolvent evaporation method with efficiencies of 35.5 and 77.9% for CMIT and MIT, respectively. The estimated air concentration, assuming that all the CMIT/MIT is absorbed in deionized water, increased linearly with increasing emission rate, but was independent of the ACR. This indicates that the removal rate of CMIT/MIT via chemical reactions is more than the removal rate by ventilation. Further investigations on homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions of CMIT/MIT under ambient conditions are necessary to understand the actual exposure concentration of the mixture in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Kyung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi-Soo Seol
- EH R&C, Environmental Research Center, 410 Jeongseojin-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seob Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Ryu
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Lee
- EH R&C, Environmental Research Center, 410 Jeongseojin-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Salthammer T. Emerging indoor pollutants. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 224:113423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Inorganic mesoporous silica foams for use in stabilization and controlled release of isothiazolinone-based biocides: influence of silica textural properties. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schadstoffe im Innenraum – aktuelle Handlungsfelder. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2018; 61:656-666. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Adsorption of Isothiazolone Biocides in Textile Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Powdered Activated Carbon. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee E, Son SK, Yoon J, Cho HJ, Yang SI, Jung S, Do KH, Cho YA, Lee SY, Park DU, Hong SJ. Two Cases of Chloromethylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone-associated Toxic Lung Injury. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e119. [PMID: 29651817 PMCID: PMC5897155 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous animal studies have not conclusively determined the association between exposure to humidifier disinfectants (HDs) containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and/or 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) and development of HD-associated lung injuries. Nonetheless, patients exposed to HDs containing only CMIT and/or MIT showed clinically similar lung injuries to those exposed to HDs containing polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) or oligo (2-[2-ethoxy]ethoxyethyl) guanidinium chloride (PGH). Here, we report twin sisters with lung injuries associated with exposure to CMIT/MIT-containing HDs. At 6 months of age, a younger twin sister presented with the 3-day history of cough, sputum, and respiratory difficulty. Chest radiography revealed multiple patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacities with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Thoracostomy was performed due to pneumothorax at admission and she was discharged at 11 days of hospitalization. At 5 years of age, multiple tiny nodules and faint centrilobular ground-glass opacities were observed with the small pneumatocele. The elder sister visited a tertiary hospital due to dyspnea at 12 months of age. Chest radiography showed consolidation, pneumomediastinum, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema. There was no response to the administration of immunosuppressant drugs and antifibrotic agents. At 5 years of age, chest CT revealed ground-glass opacity and multiple tiny centrilobular ground-glass opacities nodules in both lungs with exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Kook Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jisun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Do
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Uk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Cho HJ, Park DU, Yoon J, Lee E, Yang SI, Kim YH, Lee SY, Hong SJ. Effects of a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone on peripheral airway dysfunction in children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176083. [PMID: 28453578 PMCID: PMC5409534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who were only exposed to a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) as humidifier disinfectant (HD) components were evaluated for humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) from 2012. This study was to evaluate the pulmonary function using, impulse oscillometry (IOS) for children exposed to a mixture of CMIT/MIT from HD. METHODS Twenty-four children who were only exposed to a mixture of CMIT/MIT, with no previous underlying disease, were assessed by IOS. Diagnostic criteria for HDLI were categorized as definite, probable, possible, or unlikely. Home visits and administration of a standardized questionnaire were arranged to assess exposure characteristics. RESULTS Definite and probable cases showed higher airborne disinfectant exposure intensity during sleep (32.4 ± 8.7 μg/m3) and younger age at initial exposure (3.5 ± 3.3 months) compared with unlikely cases (17.3 ± 11.0 μg/m3, p = 0.026; 22.5 ± 26.2 months, p = 0.039, respectively). Reactance at 5 Hz was significantly more negative in those with high-density exposure during sleep (mean, -0.463 kPa/L/s vs. low density, -0.296, p = 0.001). The reactance area was also higher with high-density exposure during sleep (mean, 3.240 kPa/L vs. low density, 1.922, p = 0.039). The mean bronchodilator response with high-density exposure was within the normal range for reactance. CONCLUSIONS Significant peripheral airway dysfunction were found in children with high levels of inhalation exposure to a mixture of CMIT/MIT during sleep. Strict regulation of a mixture of CMIT/MIT exposure were associated with positive effects on lung function of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Song-I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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15
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Park DW, Kim SH, Moon JY, Song JS, Choi J, Kwak HJ, Jeong MG, Ro YS, Kim TH, Sohn JW, Shin DH, Park SS, Yoon HJ. The effect of low-volatile organic compounds, water-based paint on aggravation of allergic disease in schoolchildren. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:320-328. [PMID: 27007057 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Whether indoor painting aggravates preexisting allergic diseases remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of new classroom painting on aggravation of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Studied school was previously painted with conventional water-based paint 20 years ago and had natural ventilation system. We identified a total of 172 children aged 10-12 years with allergic diseases in 17 classrooms, which were allocated to newly painted rooms with low-volatile organic compounds (VOC), water-based paint, or existing rooms. After painting, there was no intervention or internal airflow to influence indoor air environment in both classrooms. We prospectively assessed the symptom severity and serious events of allergic diseases between both classrooms at baseline and after one and eight weeks after painting. At one and eight weeks, there were no significant changes in the Childhood Asthma Control Test scores, the fractional nitric oxide levels, lung function in asthmatic children in either classroom. There were also no significant changes in the severity score of AR or AD, or serious events in all allergic diseases. These findings suggest classroom painting with this new paint at the levels encountered in this study might not be a major aggravating factor for school-aged children with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M G Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Ro
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Park SK, Kwon JH. The fate of two isothiazolinone biocides, 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMI) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MI), in liquid air fresheners and assessment of inhalation exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2270-2276. [PMID: 26598996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There exist public concerns regarding the two most widely used isothiazolinones (5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMI) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MI)) in various consumer products because they cause allergic responses in dermatitis and are potentially harmful when inhaled. Hydrolysis and photolysis tests for CMI and MI at pH 4, 7, and 9 were performed to evaluate their stability. While MI did not degrade under the test conditions, CMI slightly degraded at pH 9 via hydrolysis and at pH 4 via photolysis. To better understand human exposure to MI and CMI during the use of consumer products, the vaporization rates of MI and CMI from two commercial air fresheners were quantified in a custom-made chamber. The evaporation of MI was almost negligible over 7 d, whereas a significant amount of CMI evaporated over the same period. Because the volume of air freshener decreases over time due to evaporation of water, the MI concentration in the product increased by a factor of 1.8-2.2. The air concentration of CMI was predicted using a ConsExpo model using a fixed weight fraction (model 1) and a new model that reflects changes in the concentrations of active ingredients and the product volume over time (model 2). The concentration determined using model 1 reached a steady-state value of 0.032 µg L(-1), whereas that predicted using model 2 increased consistently. Inhalation exposure was also assessed using two exposure scenarios: a room and a car. Both calculated values of margin of exposure were much higher than 300, indicating a negligible inhalation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Kyung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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