1
|
da Cunha JI, Barauna AMD, Garcez RC. Prechordal structures act cooperatively in early trabeculae development of gnathostome skull. Cells Dev 2023; 176:203879. [PMID: 37844659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate skull is formed by mesoderm and neural crest (NC) cells. The mesoderm contributes to the skull chordal domain, with the notochord playing an essential role in this process. The NC contributes to the skull prechordal domain, prompting investigation into the embryonic structures involved in prechordal neurocranium cartilage formation. The trabeculae cartilage, a structure of the prechordal neurocranium, arises at the convergence of prechordal plate (PCP), ventral midline (VM) cells of the diencephalon, and dorsal oral ectoderm. This study examines the molecular participation of these embryonic structures in gnathostome trabeculae development. PCP-secreted SHH induces its expression in VM cells of the diencephalon, initiating a positive feedback loop involving SIX3 and GLI1. SHH secreted by the VM cells of the diencephalon acts on the dorsal oral ectoderm, stimulating condensation of NC cells to form trabeculae. SHH from the prechordal region affects the expression of SOX9 in NC cells. BMP7 and SHH secreted by PCP induce NKX2.1 expression in VM cells of the diencephalon, but this does not impact trabeculae formation. Molecular cooperation between PCP, VM cells of the diencephalon, and dorsal oral ectoderm is crucial for craniofacial development by NC cells in the prechordal domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Isoppo da Cunha
- Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory (LACERT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Maria Duarte Barauna
- Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory (LACERT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Castilho Garcez
- Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory (LACERT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iyyanar PPR, Qin C, Adhikari N, Liu H, Hu YC, Jiang R, Lan Y. Developmental origin of the mammalian premaxilla. Dev Biol 2023; 503:1-9. [PMID: 37524195 PMCID: PMC10528123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of jaws has played a major role in the success of vertebrate expansion into a wide variety of ecological niches. A fundamental, yet unresolved, question in craniofacial biology is about the origin of the premaxilla, the most distal bone present in the upper jaw of all amniotes. Recent reports have suggested that the mammalian premaxilla is derived from embryonic maxillary prominences rather than the frontonasal ectomesenchyme as previously shown in studies of chicken embryos. However, whether mammalian embryonic frontonasal ectomesenchyme contributes to the premaxillary bone has not been investigated and a tool to trace the contributions of the frontonasal ectomesenchyme to facial structures in mammals is lacking. The expression of the Alx3 gene is activated highly specifically in the frontonasal ectomesenchyme, but not in the maxillary mesenchyme, from the beginning of facial morphogenesis in mice. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a novel Alx3CreERT2 knock-in mouse line that express tamoxifen-inducible Cre DNA recombinase from the Alx3 locus. Tamoxifen treatment of Alx3CreERT2/+;Rosa26mTmG/+ embryos at E7.5, E8.5, E9.5, and E10.5, each induced specific labeling of the embryonic medial nasal and lateral nasal mesenchyme but not the maxillary mesenchyme. Lineage tracing of Alx3CreERT2-labeled frontonasal mesenchyme from E9.5 to E16.5 clearly showed that the frontonasal mesenchyme cells give rise to the osteoblasts generating the premaxillary bone. Furthermore, we characterize a Dlx1-Cre BAC transgenic mouse line that expresses Cre activity in the embryonic maxillary but not the frontonasal mesenchyme and show that the Dlx1-Cre labeled embryonic maxillary mesenchyme cells contribute to the maxillary bone as well as the soft tissues lateral to both the premaxillary and maxillary bones but not to the premaxillary bone. These results clearly demonstrate the developmental origin of the premaxillary bone from embryonic frontonasal ectomesenchyme cells in mice and confirm the evolutionary homology of the premaxilla across amniotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul P R Iyyanar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chuanqi Qin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nirpesh Adhikari
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Higashiyama H, Koyabu D, Kurihara H. Evolution of the therian face through complete loss of the premaxilla. Evol Dev 2023; 25:103-118. [PMID: 36017615 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical framework of the jawbones is highly conserved among most of the Osteichthyes, including the tetrapods. However, our recent study suggested that the premaxilla, the rostralmost upper jaw bone, was rearranged during the evolution of therian mammals, being replaced by the septomaxilla at least in the lateral part. In the present study, to understand more about the process of evolution from the ancestral upper jaw to the therian face, we re-examined the development of the therian premaxilla (incisive bone). By comparing mouse, bat, goat, and cattle fetuses, we confirmed that the therian premaxilla has dual developmental origins, the lateral body and the palatine process. This dual development is widely conserved among the therian mammals. Cell-lineage-tracing experiments using Dlx1-CreERT2 mice revealed that the palatine process arises in the ventral part of the premandibular domain, where the nasopalatine nerve distributes, whereas the lateral body develops from the maxillary prominence in the domain of the maxillary nerve. Through comparative analysis using various tetrapods, we concluded that the palatine process should not be considered part of the ancestral premaxilla. It rather corresponds to the anterior region of the vomerine bone of nonmammalian tetrapods. Thus, the present findings indicate that the true premaxilla was completely lost during the evolution of the therian mammals, resulting in the establishment of the unique therian face as an evolutionary novelty. Reconsideration of the homological framework of the cranial skeleton based on the topographical relationships of the ossification center during embryonic development is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johanson Z. Vertebrate cranial evolution: Contributions and conflict from the fossil record. Evol Dev 2023; 25:119-133. [PMID: 36308394 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In modern vertebrates, the craniofacial skeleton is complex, comprising cartilage and bone of the neurocranium, dermatocranium and splanchnocranium (and their derivatives), housing a range of sensory structures such as eyes, nasal and vestibulo-acoustic capsules, with the splanchnocranium including branchial arches, used in respiration and feeding. It is well understood that the skeleton derives from neural crest and mesoderm, while the sensory elements derive from ectodermal thickenings known as placodes. Recent research demonstrates that neural crest and placodes have an evolutionary history outside of vertebrates, while the vertebrate fossil record allows the sequence of the evolution of these various features to be understood. Stem-group vertebrates such as Metaspriggina walcotti (Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian) possess eyes, paired nasal capsules and well-developed branchial arches, the latter derived from cranial neural crest in extant vertebrates, indicating that placodes and neural crest evolved over 500 million years ago. Since that time the vertebrate craniofacial skeleton has evolved, including different types of bone, of potential neural crest or mesodermal origin. One problematic part of the craniofacial skeleton concerns the evolution of the nasal organs, with evidence for both paired and unpaired nasal sacs being the primitive state for vertebrates.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mallatt J. Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper addresses a recent claim by Miyashita and co-authors that the filter-feeding larval lamprey is a new evolutionary addition to the lamprey life-cycle and does not provide information about early vertebrates, in contrast to the traditional view that this ammocoete stage resembles the first vertebrates. The evidence behind this revolutionary claim comes from fossil lampreys from 360–306 Mya that include young stages – even yolk-sac hatchlings – with adult (predacious) feeding structures. However, the traditional view is not so easily dismissed. The phylogeny on which the non-ammocoete theory is based was not tested in a statistically meaningful way. Additionally, the target article did not consider the known evidence for the traditional view, namely that the complex filter-feeding structures are highly similar in ammocoetes and the invertebrate chordates, amphioxus and tunicates. In further support of the traditional view, I show that ammocoetes are helpful for reconstructing the first vertebrates and the jawless, fossil stem gnathostomes called ostracoderms – their pharynx, oral cavity, mouth opening, lips and filter-feeding mode (but, ironically, not their mandibular/jaw region). From these considerations, I offer a scenario for the evolution of vertebrate life-cycles that fits the traditional, ammocoete-informed theory and puts filter feeding at centre stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mallatt
- The University of Washington WWAMI Medical Education Program at The University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83843 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bayramov AV, Ermakova GV, Kuchryavyy AV, Zaraisky AG. Genome Duplications as the Basis of Vertebrates’ Evolutionary Success. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
York JR, McCauley DW. Functional genetic analysis in a jawless vertebrate, the sea lamprey: insights into the developmental evolution of early vertebrates. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/Suppl_1/jeb206433. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.206433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Lampreys and hagfishes are the only surviving relicts of an ancient but ecologically dominant group of jawless fishes that evolved in the seas of the Cambrian era over half a billion years ago. Because of their phylogenetic position as the sister group to all other vertebrates (jawed vertebrates), comparisons of embryonic development between jawless and jawed vertebrates offers researchers in the field of evolutionary developmental biology the unique opportunity to address fundamental questions related to the nature of our earliest vertebrate ancestors. Here, we describe how genetic analysis of embryogenesis in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) has provided insight into the origin and evolution of developmental-genetic programs in vertebrates. We focus on recent work involving CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to study gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the development and evolution of neural crest cells and new cell types in the vertebrate nervous system, and transient transgenic assays that have been instrumental in dissecting the evolution of cis-regulatory control of gene expression in vertebrates. Finally, we discuss the broad potential for these functional genomic tools to address previously unanswerable questions related to the evolution of genomic regulatory mechanisms as well as issues related to invasive sea lamprey population control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. York
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - David W. McCauley
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hameed M, Horvai AE, Jordan RCK. Soft Tissue Special Issue: Gnathic Fibro-Osseous Lesions and Osteosarcoma. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 14:70-82. [PMID: 31950477 PMCID: PMC7021863 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gnathic fibro-osseous lesions are a diverse group of disease processes which share overlapping microscopic features characterized by fibroblastic stroma with variable cellularity and a range of bone forming pathological processes leading to woven, sclerotic and cementum-like structures. Some of the lesions are unique to craniofacial location and a combination of clinical, radiological and pathological correlation is often necessary for diagnostic accuracy. Gnathic osteosarcomas are rare tumors with differences in age distribution and behavior as compared to osteosarcoma of long bones. This review will discuss the clinicopathological and radiological features of gnathic fibro-osseous lesions and osteosarcoma with updates on current genetics and molecular pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Hameed
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu J, Liu H, Lan Y, Adam M, Clouthier DE, Potter S, Jiang R. Hedgehog signaling patterns the oral-aboral axis of the mandibular arch. eLife 2019; 8:40315. [PMID: 30638444 PMCID: PMC6347453 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of vertebrate jaws involves patterning neural crest-derived mesenchyme cells into distinct subpopulations along the proximal-distal and oral-aboral axes. Although the molecular mechanisms patterning the proximal-distal axis have been well studied, little is known regarding the mechanisms patterning the oral-aboral axis. Using unbiased single-cell RNA-seq analysis followed by in situ analysis of gene expression profiles, we show that Shh and Bmp4 signaling pathways are activated in a complementary pattern along the oral-aboral axis in mouse embryonic mandibular arch. Tissue-specific inactivation of hedgehog signaling in neural crest-derived mandibular mesenchyme led to expansion of BMP signaling activity to throughout the oral-aboral axis of the distal mandibular arch and subsequently duplication of dentary bone in the oral side of the mandible at the expense of tongue formation. Further studies indicate that hedgehog signaling acts through the Foxf1/2 transcription factors to specify the oral fate and pattern the oral-aboral axis of the mandibular mesenchyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - David E Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, United States
| | - Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
York JR, Yuan T, Lakiza O, McCauley DW. An ancestral role for Semaphorin3F-Neuropilin signaling in patterning neural crest within the new vertebrate head. Development 2018; 145:dev.164780. [PMID: 29980564 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the vertebrate head is one of the great unresolved issues in vertebrate evolutionary developmental biology. Although many of the novelties in the vertebrate head and pharynx derive from the neural crest, it is still unknown how early vertebrates patterned the neural crest within the ancestral body plan they inherited from invertebrate chordates. Here, using a basal vertebrate, the sea lamprey, we show that homologs of Semaphorin3F (Sema3F) ligand and its Neuropilin (Nrp) receptors show complementary and dynamic patterns of expression that correlate with key periods of neural crest development (migration and patterning of cranial neural crest-derived structures). Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, we demonstrate that lamprey Sema3F is essential for patterning of neural crest-derived melanocytes, cranial ganglia and the head skeleton, but is not required for neural crest migration or patterning of trunk neural crest derivatives. Based on comparisons with jawed vertebrates, our results suggest that the deployment of Nrp-Sema3F signaling, along with other intercellular guidance cues, was pivotal in allowing early vertebrates to organize and pattern cranial neural crest cells into many of the hallmark structures that define the vertebrate head.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R York
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Olga Lakiza
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - David W McCauley
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schneider RA. Neural crest and the origin of species-specific pattern. Genesis 2018; 56:e23219. [PMID: 30134069 PMCID: PMC6108449 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For well over half of the 150 years since the discovery of the neural crest, the special ability of these cells to function as a source of species-specific pattern has been clearly recognized. Initially, this observation arose in association with chimeric transplant experiments among differentially pigmented amphibians, where the neural crest origin for melanocytes had been duly noted. Shortly thereafter, the role of cranial neural crest cells in transmitting species-specific information on size and shape to the pharyngeal arch skeleton as well as in regulating the timing of its differentiation became readily apparent. Since then, what has emerged is a deeper understanding of how the neural crest accomplishes such a presumably difficult mission, and this includes a more complete picture of the molecular and cellular programs whereby neural crest shapes the face of each species. This review covers studies on a broad range of vertebrates and describes neural-crest-mediated mechanisms that endow the craniofacial complex with species-specific pattern. A major focus is on experiments in quail and duck embryos that reveal a hierarchy of cell-autonomous and non-autonomous signaling interactions through which neural crest generates species-specific pattern in the craniofacial integument, skeleton, and musculature. By controlling size and shape throughout the development of these systems, the neural crest underlies the structural and functional integration of the craniofacial complex during evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Schneider
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus AvenueS‐1161San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Warth P, Hilton EJ, Naumann B, Olsson L, Konstantinidis P. Development of the muscles associated with the mandibular and hyoid arches in the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae). J Morphol 2017; 279:163-175. [PMID: 29068071 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton of the jaws and neurocranium of sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are connected only through the hyoid arch. This arrangement allows considerable protrusion and retraction of the jaws and is highly specialized among ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). To better understand the unique morphology and the evolution of the jaw apparatus in Acipenseridae, we investigated the development of the muscles of the mandibular and hyoid arches of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii. We used a combination of antibody staining and formalin-induced fluorescence of tissues imaged with confocal microscopy and subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction. These data were analyzed to address the identity of previously controversial and newly discovered muscle portions. Our results indicate that the anlagen of the muscles in A. baerii develop similarly to those of other actinopterygians, although they differ by not differentiating into distinct muscles. This is exemplified by the subpartitioning of the m. adductor mandibulae as well as the massive m. protractor hyomandibulae, for which we found a previously undescribed portion in each. The importance of paedomorphosis for the evolution of Acipenseriformes has been discussed before and our results indicate that the muscles of the mandibular and the hyoid may be another example for heterochronic evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Warth
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Eric J Hilton
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
| | - Benjamin Naumann
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Lennart Olsson
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Konstantinidis
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hori M, Nakajima M, Hata H, Yasugi M, Takahashi S, Nakae M, Yamaoka K, Kohda M, Kitamura JI, Maehata M, Tanaka H, Okada N, Takeuchi Y. Laterality is Universal Among Fishes but Increasingly Cryptic Among Derived Groups. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:267-274. [DOI: 10.2108/zs160196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hori
- Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mifuyu Nakajima
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiroki Hata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Bunkyocho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasugi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Research Group of Environmental Sciences, Nara Woman's University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakae
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Kosaku Yamaoka
- Kochi University, Monobe-B, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Masanori Kohda
- Department of Biological Science, Osaka City University, Sugimotocho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Jyun-ichi Kitamura
- Mie Prefectural Museum, Isshinden-kouzubeta 3060, Tsu, Mie 514-0061, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maehata
- Kobe Gakuin University, Arise 518, Ikawadanicho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Biological Science, Osaka City University, Sugimotocho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Okada
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yuichi Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Square T, Jandzik D, Romášek M, Cerny R, Medeiros DM. The origin and diversification of the developmental mechanisms that pattern the vertebrate head skeleton. Dev Biol 2017; 427:219-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
15
|
McGee MD, Faircloth BC, Borstein SR, Zheng J, Darrin Hulsey C, Wainwright PC, Alfaro ME. Replicated divergence in cichlid radiations mirrors a major vertebrate innovation. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:rspb.2015.1413. [PMID: 26763694 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoupling of the upper jaw bones--jaw kinesis--is a distinctive feature of the ray-finned fishes, but it is not clear how the innovation is related to the extraordinary diversity of feeding behaviours and feeding ecology in this group. We address this issue in a lineage of ray-finned fishes that is well known for its ecological and functional diversity--African rift lake cichlids. We sequenced ultraconserved elements to generate a phylogenomic tree of the Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi cichlid radiations. We filmed a diverse array of over 50 cichlid species capturing live prey and quantified the extent of jaw kinesis in the premaxillary and maxillary bones. Our combination of phylogenomic and kinematic data reveals a strong association between biting modes of feeding and reduced jaw kinesis, suggesting that the contrasting demands of biting and suction feeding have strongly influenced cranial evolution in both cichlid radiations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D McGee
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brant C Faircloth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Samuel R Borstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jimmy Zheng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C Darrin Hulsey
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael E Alfaro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miyashita T, Diogo R. Evolution of Serial Patterns in the Vertebrate Pharyngeal Apparatus and Paired Appendages via Assimilation of Dissimilar Units. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
18
|
Havstad JC, Assis LC, Rieppel O. The semaphorontic view of homology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2015; 324:578-87. [PMID: 26175214 PMCID: PMC5034804 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The relation of homology is generally characterized as an identity relation, or alternatively as a correspondence relation, both of which are transitive. We use the example of the ontogenetic development and evolutionary origin of the gnathostome jaw to discuss identity and transitivity of the homology relation under the transformationist and emergentist paradigms respectively. Token identity and consequent transitivity of homology relations are shown to be requirements that are too strong to allow the origin of genuine evolutionary novelties. We consequently introduce the concept of compositional identity that is grounded in relations prevailing between parts (organs and organ systems) of a whole (organism). We recognize an ontogenetic identity of parts within a whole throughout the sequence of successive developmental stages of those parts: this is an intra-organismal character identity maintained throughout developmental trajectory. Correspondingly, we recognize a phylogenetic identity of homologous parts within two or more organisms of different species: this is an inter-species character identity maintained throughout evolutionary trajectory. These different dimensions of character identity--ontogenetic (through development) and phylogenetic (via shared evolutionary history)--break the transitivity of homology relations. Under the transformationist paradigm, the relation of homology reigns over the entire character (-state) transformation series, and thus encompasses the plesiomorphic as well as the apomorphic condition of form. In contrast, genuine evolutionary novelties originate not through transformation of ancestral characters (-states), but instead through deviating developmental trajectories that result in alternate characters. Under the emergentist paradigm, homology is thus synonymous with synapomorphy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C. Havstad
- Philosopher‐in‐ResidenceScience & EducationThe Field MuseumChicagoIllinois
| | - Leandro C.S. Assis
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Olivier Rieppel
- Center for Integrative ResearchScience & EducationThe Field MuseumChicagoIllinois
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brazeau MD, Friedman M. The origin and early phylogenetic history of jawed vertebrates. Nature 2015; 520:490-7. [PMID: 25903631 DOI: 10.1038/nature14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fossils of early gnathostomes (or jawed vertebrates) have been the focus of study for nearly two centuries. They yield key clues about the evolutionary assembly of the group's common body plan, as well the divergence of the two living gnathostome lineages: the cartilaginous and bony vertebrates. A series of remarkable new palaeontological discoveries, analytical advances and innovative reinterpretations of existing fossil archives have fundamentally altered a decades-old consensus on the relationships of extinct gnathostomes, delivering a new evolutionary framework for exploring major questions that remain unanswered, including the origin of jaws.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Brazeau
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Matt Friedman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miyashita T. Fishing for jaws in early vertebrate evolution: a new hypothesis of mandibular confinement. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:611-57. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuto Miyashita
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Archambeault S, Taylor JA, Crow KD. HoxA and HoxD expression in a variety of vertebrate body plan features reveals an ancient origin for the distal Hox program. EvoDevo 2014; 5:44. [PMID: 25908959 PMCID: PMC4407844 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-5-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hox genes are master regulatory genes that specify positional identities during axial development in animals. Discoveries regarding their concerted expression patterns have commanded intense interest due to their complex regulation and specification of body plan features in jawed vertebrates. For example, the posterior HoxD genes switch to an inverted collinear expression pattern in the mouse autopod where HoxD13 switches from a more restricted to a less restricted domain relative to its neighboring gene on the cluster. We refer to this program as the ‘distal phase’ (DP) expression pattern because it occurs in distal regions of paired fins and limbs, and is regulated independently by elements in the 5′ region upstream of the HoxD cluster. However, few taxa have been evaluated with respect to this pattern, and most studies have focused on pectoral fin morphogenesis, which occurs relatively early in development. Results Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the DP expression pattern occurs with the posterior HoxA genes, and is therefore not solely associated with the HoxD gene cluster. Further, DP Hox expression is not confined to paired fins and limbs, but occurs in a variety of body plan features, including paddlefish barbels - sensory adornments that develop from the first mandibular arch (the former ‘Hox-free zone), and the vent (a medial structure that is analogous to a urethra). We found DP expression of HoxD13 and HoxD12 in the paddlefish barbel; and we present the first evidence for DP expression of the HoxA genes in the hindgut and vent of three ray-finned fishes. The HoxA DP expression pattern is predicted by the recent finding of a shared 5′ regulatory architecture in both the HoxA and HoxD clusters, but has not been previously observed in any body plan feature. Conclusions The Hox DP expression pattern appears to be an ancient module that has been co-opted in a variety of structures adorning the vertebrate bauplan. This module provides a shared genetic program that implies deep homology of a variety of distally elongated structures that has played a significant role in the evolution of morphological diversity in vertebrates Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2041-9139-5-44) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Archambeault
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Julia Ann Taylor
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Karen D Crow
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ziermann JM, Miyashita T, Diogo R. Cephalic muscles of Cyclostomes (hagfishes and lampreys) and Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and holocephalans): comparative anatomy and early evolution of the vertebrate head muscles. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine M. Ziermann
- Department of Anatomy; Howard University College of Medicine; Washington DC 20059 USA
| | - Tetsuto Miyashita
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6E 2N4 Canada
| | - Rui Diogo
- Department of Anatomy; Howard University College of Medicine; Washington DC 20059 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Compagnucci C, Fish J, Depew MJ. Left-right asymmetry of the gnathostome skull: its evolutionary, developmental, and functional aspects. Genesis 2014; 52:515-27. [PMID: 24753133 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Much of the gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) evolutionary radiation was dependent on the ability to sense and interpret the environment and subsequently act upon this information through utilization of a specialized mode of feeding involving the jaws. While the gnathostome skull, reflective of the vertebrate baüplan, typically is bilaterally symmetric with right (dextral) and left (sinistral) halves essentially representing mirror images along the midline, both adaptive and abnormal asymmetries have appeared. Herein we provide a basic primer on studies of the asymmetric development of the gnathostome skull, touching briefly on asymmetry as a field of study, then describing the nature of cranial development and finally underscoring evolutionary and functional aspects of left-right asymmetric cephalic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Compagnucci
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dupret V, Sanchez S, Goujet D, Tafforeau P, Ahlberg PE. A primitive placoderm sheds light on the origin of the jawed vertebrate face. Nature 2014; 507:500-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Trinajstic K, Sanchez S, Dupret V, Tafforeau P, Long J, Young G, Senden T, Boisvert C, Power N, Ahlberg PE. Fossil musculature of the most primitive jawed vertebrates. Science 2013; 341:160-4. [PMID: 23765280 DOI: 10.1126/science.1237275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) resulted in the reconfiguration of the muscles and skeleton of the head, including the creation of a separate shoulder girdle with distinct neck muscles. We describe here the only known examples of preserved musculature from placoderms (extinct armored fishes), the phylogenetically most basal jawed vertebrates. Placoderms possess a regionalized muscular anatomy that differs radically from the musculature of extant sharks, which is often viewed as primitive for gnathostomes. The placoderm data suggest that neck musculature evolved together with a dermal joint between skull and shoulder girdle, not as part of a broadly flexible neck as in sharks, and that transverse abdominal muscles are an innovation of gnathostomes rather than of tetrapods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Trinajstic
- Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eames BF, DeLaurier A, Ullmann B, Huycke TR, Nichols JT, Dowd J, McFadden M, Sasaki MM, Kimmel CB. FishFace: interactive atlas of zebrafish craniofacial development at cellular resolution. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 13:23. [PMID: 23714426 PMCID: PMC3698193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-13-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertebrate craniofacial skeleton may exhibit anatomical complexity and diversity, but its genesis and evolution can be understood through careful dissection of developmental programs at cellular resolution. Resources are lacking that include introductory overviews of skeletal anatomy coupled with descriptions of craniofacial development at cellular resolution. In addition to providing analytical guidelines for other studies, such an atlas would suggest cellular mechanisms underlying development. DESCRIPTION We present the Fish Face Atlas, an online, 3D-interactive atlas of craniofacial development in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Alizarin red-stained skulls scanned by fluorescent optical projection tomography and segmented into individual elements provide a resource for understanding the 3D structure of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton. These data provide the user an anatomical entry point to confocal images of Alizarin red-stained zebrafish with transgenically-labelled pharyngeal arch ectomesenchyme, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, which illustrate the appearance, morphogenesis, and growth of the mandibular and hyoid cartilages and bones, as viewed in live, anesthetized zebrafish during embryonic and larval development. Confocal image stacks at high magnification during the same stages provide cellular detail and suggest developmental and evolutionary hypotheses. CONCLUSION The FishFace Atlas is a novel learning tool for understanding craniofacial skeletal development, and can serve as a reference for a variety of studies, including comparative and mutational analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Frank Eames
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khonsari RH, Seppala M, Pradel A, Dutel H, Clément G, Lebedev O, Ghafoor S, Rothova M, Tucker A, Maisey JG, Fan CM, Kawasaki M, Ohazama A, Tafforeau P, Franco B, Helms J, Haycraft CJ, David A, Janvier P, Cobourne MT, Sharpe PT. The buccohypophyseal canal is an ancestral vertebrate trait maintained by modulation in sonic hedgehog signaling. BMC Biol 2013; 11:27. [PMID: 23537390 PMCID: PMC3635870 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-11-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pituitary gland is formed by the juxtaposition of two tissues: neuroectoderm arising from the basal diencephalon, and oral epithelium, which invaginates towards the central nervous system from the roof of the mouth. The oral invagination that reaches the brain from the mouth is referred to as Rathke’s pouch, with the tip forming the adenohypophysis and the stalk disappearing after the earliest stages of development. In tetrapods, formation of the cranial base establishes a definitive barrier between the pituitary and oral cavity; however, numerous extinct and extant vertebrate species retain an open buccohypophyseal canal in adulthood, a vestige of the stalk of Rathke’s pouch. Little is currently known about the formation and function of this structure. Here we have investigated molecular mechanisms driving the formation of the buccohypophyseal canal and their evolutionary significance. Results We show that Rathke’s pouch is located at a boundary region delineated by endoderm, neural crest-derived oral mesenchyme and the anterior limit of the notochord, using CD1, R26R-Sox17-Cre and R26R-Wnt1-Cre mouse lines. As revealed by synchrotron X-ray microtomography after iodine staining in mouse embryos, the pouch has a lobulated three-dimensional structure that embraces the descending diencephalon during pituitary formation. Polarisfl/fl; Wnt1-Cre, Ofd1-/- and Kif3a-/- primary cilia mouse mutants have abnormal sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and all present with malformations of the anterior pituitary gland and midline structures of the anterior cranial base. Changes in the expressions of Shh downstream genes are confirmed in Gas1-/- mice. From an evolutionary perspective, persistence of the buccohypophyseal canal is a basal character for all vertebrates and its maintenance in several groups is related to a specific morphology of the midline that can be related to modulation in Shh signaling. Conclusion These results provide insight into a poorly understood ancestral vertebrate structure. It appears that the opening of the buccohypophyseal canal depends upon Shh signaling and that modulation in this pathway most probably accounts for its persistence in phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman H Khonsari
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Research, Comprehensive Biomedical Research Center, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Compagnucci C, Debiais-Thibaud M, Coolen M, Fish J, Griffin JN, Bertocchini F, Minoux M, Rijli FM, Borday-Birraux V, Casane D, Mazan S, Depew MJ. Pattern and polarity in the development and evolution of the gnathostome jaw: both conservation and heterotopy in the branchial arches of the shark, Scyliorhinus canicula. Dev Biol 2013; 377:428-48. [PMID: 23473983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of jaws constitutes a landmark event in vertebrate evolution, one that in large part potentiated their success and diversification. Jaw development and patterning involves an intricate spatiotemporal series of reciprocal inductive and responsive interactions between the cephalic epithelia and the cranial neural crest (CNC) and cephalic mesodermal mesenchyme. The coordinated regulation of these interactions is critical for both the ontogenetic registration of the jaws and the evolutionary elaboration of variable jaw morphologies and designs. Current models of jaw development and evolution have been built on molecular and cellular evidence gathered mostly in amniotes such as mice, chicks and humans, and augmented by a much smaller body of work on the zebrafish. These have been partnered by essential work attempting to understand the origins of jaws that has focused on the jawless lamprey. Chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fish) are the most distant group to amniotes within extant gnathostomes, and comprise the crucial clade uniting amniotes and agnathans; yet despite their critical phylogenetic position, evidence of the molecular and cellular underpinnings of jaw development in chondrichthyans is still lacking. Recent advances in genome and molecular developmental biology of the lesser spotted dogfish shark, Scyliorhinus canicula, make it ideal for the molecular study of chondrichthyan jaw development. Here, following the 'Hinge and Caps' model of jaw development, we have investigated evidence of heterotopic (relative changes in position) and heterochronic (relative changes in timing) shifts in gene expression, relative to amniotes, in the jaw primordia of S. canicula embryos. We demonstrate the presence of clear proximo-distal polarity in gene expression patterns in the shark embryo, thus establishing a baseline molecular baüplan for branchial arch-derived jaw development and further validating the utility of the 'Hinge and Caps' model in comparative studies of jaw development and evolution. Moreover, we correlate gene expression patterns with the absence of a lambdoidal junction (formed where the maxillary first arch meets the frontonasal processes) in chondrichthyans, further highlighting the importance of this region for the development and evolution of jaw structure in advanced gnathostomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Compagnucci
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cass AN, Servetnick MD, McCune AR. Expression of a lung developmental cassette in the adult and developing zebrafish swimbladder. Evol Dev 2013; 15:119-32. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Cass
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca, NY; 14853; USA
| | - Marc D. Servetnick
- Science and Technology Program; University of Washington; Bothell, WA; 98011; USA
| | - Amy R. McCune
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca, NY; 14853; USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
The origin of the vertebrate jaw: Intersection between developmental biology-based model and fossil evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
32
|
Kuratani S, Adachi N, Wada N, Oisi Y, Sugahara F. Developmental and evolutionary significance of the mandibular arch and prechordal/premandibular cranium in vertebrates: revising the heterotopy scenario of gnathostome jaw evolution. J Anat 2012; 222:41-55. [PMID: 22500853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cephalic neural crest produces streams of migrating cells that populate pharyngeal arches and a more rostral, premandibular domain, to give rise to an extensive ectomesenchyme in the embryonic vertebrate head. The crest cells forming the trigeminal stream are the major source of the craniofacial skeleton; however, there is no clear distinction between the mandibular arch and the premandibular domain in this ectomesenchyme. The question regarding the evolution of the gnathostome jaw is, in part, a question about the differentiation of the mandibular arch, the rostralmost component of the pharynx, and in part a question about the developmental fate of the premandibular domain. We address the developmental definition of the mandibular arch in connection with the developmental origin of the trabeculae, paired cartilaginous elements generally believed to develop in the premandibular domain, and also of enigmatic cartilaginous elements called polar cartilages. Based on comparative embryology, we propose that the mandibular arch ectomesenchyme in gnathostomes can be defined as a Dlx1-positive domain, and that the polar cartilages, which develop from the Dlx1-negative premandibular ectomesenchyme, would represent merely posterior parts of the trabeculae. We also show, in the lamprey embryo, early migration of mandibular arch mesenchyme into the premandibular domain, and propose an updated version of the heterotopy theory on the origin of the jaw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fish JL, Villmoare B, Köbernick K, Compagnucci C, Britanova O, Tarabykin V, Depew MJ. Satb2, modularity, and the evolvability of the vertebrate jaw. Evol Dev 2011; 13:549-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2011.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Fish
- Department of Craniofacial Development; King's College, London, Guy's Hospital; Floor 27, London Bridge; London; SE1 9RT; UK
| | - Brian Villmoare
- Department of Anthropology; University College London; 14 Taviton Street; London; WC1H 0BW; UK
| | - Katja Köbernick
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals; Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine; Hermann-Rein-Str. 3; 37075 Göttingen; Germany
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Department of Craniofacial Development; King's College, London, Guy's Hospital; Floor 27, London Bridge; London; SE1 9RT; UK
| | - Olga Britanova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals; Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine; Hermann-Rein-Str. 3; 37075 Göttingen; Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals; Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine; Hermann-Rein-Str. 3; 37075 Göttingen; Germany
| | - Michael J. Depew
- Department of Craniofacial Development; King's College, London, Guy's Hospital; Floor 27, London Bridge; London; SE1 9RT; UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schmidt J, Schuff M, Olsson L. A role for FoxN3 in the development of cranial cartilages and muscles in Xenopus laevis (Amphibia: Anura: Pipidae) with special emphasis on the novel rostral cartilages. J Anat 2011; 218:226-42. [PMID: 21050205 PMCID: PMC3042756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of morphological novelties is a controversial topic in evolutionary developmental biology. The heads of anuran larvae have several unique structures, including the supra- and infrarostral cartilages, the specialised structure of the gill basket (used for filtration), and novel cranial muscle arrangements. FoxN3, a member of the forkhead/winged helix family of transcription factors, has been implicated as important for normal craniofacial development in the pipid anuran Xenopus laevis. We have investigated the effects of functional knockdown of FoxN3 (using antisense oligonucleotide morpholino) on the development of the larval head skeleton and the associated cranial muscles in X. laevis. Our data complement earlier studies and provide a more complete account of the requirement of FoxN3 in chondrocranium development. In addition, we analyse the effects of FoxN3 knockdown on cranial muscle development. We show that FoxN3 knockdown primarily affects the novel skeletal structures unique to anuran larvae, i.e. the rostralia or the fine structure of the gill apparatus. The articulation between the infrarostral and Meckel's cartilage is malformed and the filigreed processes of the gill basket do not develop. Because these features do not develop after FoxN3 knockdown, the head morphology resembles that in the less specialised larvae of salamanders. Furthermore, the development of all cartilages derived from the neural crest is delayed and cranial muscle fibre development incomplete. The cartilage precursors initially condense in their proper position but later differentiate incompletely; several visceral arch muscles start to differentiate at their origin but fail to extend toward their insertion. Our findings indicate that FoxN3 is essential for the development of novel cartilages such as the infrarostral and other cranial tissues derived from the neural crest and, indirectly, also for muscle morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schmidt
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuratani S. Modularity, comparative embryology and evo-devo: Developmental dissection of evolving body plans. Dev Biol 2009; 332:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
36
|
Fraser GJ, Hulsey CD, Bloomquist RF, Uyesugi K, Manley NR, Streelman JT. An ancient gene network is co-opted for teeth on old and new jaws. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e31. [PMID: 19215146 PMCID: PMC2637924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate dentitions originated in the posterior pharynx of jawless fishes more than half a billion years ago. As gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) evolved, teeth developed on oral jaws and helped to establish the dominance of this lineage on land and in the sea. The advent of oral jaws was facilitated, in part, by absence of hox gene expression in the first, most anterior, pharyngeal arch. Much later in evolutionary time, teleost fishes evolved a novel toothed jaw in the pharynx, the location of the first vertebrate teeth. To examine the evolutionary modularity of dentitions, we asked whether oral and pharyngeal teeth develop using common or independent gene regulatory pathways. First, we showed that tooth number is correlated on oral and pharyngeal jaws across species of cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi (East Africa), suggestive of common regulatory mechanisms for tooth initiation. Surprisingly, we found that cichlid pharyngeal dentitions develop in a region of dense hox gene expression. Thus, regulation of tooth number is conserved, despite distinct developmental environments of oral and pharyngeal jaws; pharyngeal jaws occupy hox-positive, endodermal sites, and oral jaws develop in hox-negative regions with ectodermal cell contributions. Next, we studied the expression of a dental gene network for tooth initiation, most genes of which are similarly deployed across the two disparate jaw sites. This collection of genes includes members of the ectodysplasin pathway, eda and edar, expressed identically during the patterning of oral and pharyngeal teeth. Taken together, these data suggest that pharyngeal teeth of jawless vertebrates utilized an ancient gene network before the origin of oral jaws, oral teeth, and ectodermal appendages. The first vertebrate dentition likely appeared in a hox-positive, endodermal environment and expressed a genetic program including ectodysplasin pathway genes. This ancient regulatory circuit was co-opted and modified for teeth in oral jaws of the first jawed vertebrate, and subsequently deployed as jaws enveloped teeth on novel pharyngeal jaws. Our data highlight an amazing modularity of jaws and teeth as they coevolved during the history of vertebrates. We exploit this diversity to infer a core dental gene network, common to the first tooth and all of its descendants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Fraser
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (GJF); (JTS)
| | - C. Darrin Hulsey
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ryan F Bloomquist
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kristine Uyesugi
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nancy R Manley
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J. Todd Streelman
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (GJF); (JTS)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Donoghue PCJ, Purnell MA. Distinguishing heat from light in debate over controversial fossils. Bioessays 2009; 31:178-89. [PMID: 19204990 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fossil organisms offer our only direct insight into how the distinctive body plans of extant organisms were assembled. However, realizing the potential evolutionary significance of fossils can be hampered by controversy over their interpretation. Here, as a guide to evaluating palaeontological debates, we outline the process and pitfalls of fossil interpretation. The physical remains of controversial fossils should be reconstructed before interpreting homologies, and choice of interpretative model should be explicit and justified. Extinct taxa lack characters diagnostic of extant clades because the characters had not yet evolved, because of secondary loss, or because they have rotted away. The latter, if not taken into account, will lead to the spurious assignment of fossils to basally branching clades. Conflicting interpretations of fossils can often be resolved by considering all the steps in the process of anatomical analysis and phylogenetic placement, although we must accept that some fossil organisms are simply too incompletely preserved for their evolutionary significance to be realized.
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Abstract
Articulated jaws are highly conserved structures characteristic of gnathostome evolution. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions within the first pharyngeal arch (PA1) instruct cephalic neural crest cells (CNCCs) to form the different skeletal elements of the jaws. The endothelin-1 (Edn1)/endothelin receptor type-A (Ednra)-->Dlx5/6-->Hand2 signaling pathway is necessary for lower jaw formation. Here, we show that the Edn1 signaling is sufficient for the conversion of the maxillary arch to mandibular identity. Constitutive activation of Ednra induced the transformation of upper jaw, maxillary, structures into lower jaw, mandibular, structures with duplicated Meckel's cartilage and dermatocranial jaws constituted by 4 dentary bones. Misexpression of Hand2 in the Ednra domain caused a similar transformation. Skeletal transformations are accompanied by neuromuscular remodeling. Ednra is expressed by most CNCCs, but its constitutive activation affects predominantly PA1. We conclude that after migration CNCCs are not all equivalent, suggesting that their specification occurs in sequential steps. Also, we show that, within PA1, CNCCs are competent to form both mandibular and maxillary structures and that an Edn1 switch is responsible for the choice of either morphogenetic program.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hall BK. Evolutionary Origins of the Neural Crest and Neural Crest Cells. Evol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-008-9033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
41
|
SHINE RICHARD, WALL MICHAEL. Interactions between locomotion, feeding, and bodily elongation during the evolution of snakes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
42
|
Mallatt J. The Origin of the Vertebrate Jaw: Neoclassical Ideas Versus Newer, Development-Based Ideas. Zoolog Sci 2008; 25:990-8. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.25.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Depew MJ, Compagnucci C. Tweaking the hinge and caps: testing a model of the organization of jaws. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2008; 310:315-35. [PMID: 18027841 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Historically, examinations of gnathostome skulls have indicated that for essentially the entirety of their existence, jaws have been characterized by a high degree of fidelity to an initial basic structural design that will then go on to manifest an amazing array of end-point phenotypes. These two traits-bauplan fidelity and elaboration of design-are inter-connected and striking, and beg a number of questions, including: Are all jaws made in the same manner and if not how not? To begin to tackle such questions, we herein operationally define jaws as two appositional, hinged cranial units for which polarity and potential modularity are characteristics, and then address what is necessary for them to form, including delineating both the sources of cells and tissues that will formally yield the jaws as well as what informs their ontogeny (e.g., sources of positional information and factors directing the interpretation of developmental cues). Following on this, we briefly describe a predictive, testable model of jaw development (the "Hinge and Caps" model) and present evidence that the Satb2+cell population in the developing jaw primordia of mice defines a developmentally and evolutionarily significant jaw module such as would be predicted by the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Depew
- Department of Craniofacial Development, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Osório J, Rétaux S. The lamprey in evolutionary studies. Dev Genes Evol 2008; 218:221-35. [PMID: 18274775 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-008-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lampreys are a key species to study the evolution of morphological characters at the dawn of Craniates and throughout the evolution of the craniate's phylum. Here, we review a number of research fields where studies on lampreys have recently brought significant and fundamental insights on the timing and mechanisms of evolution, on the amazing diversification of morphology and on the emergence of novelties among Craniates. We report recent example studies on neural crest, muscle and the acquisition of jaws, where important technical advancements in lamprey developmental biology have been made (morpholino injections, protein-soaked bead applications or even the first transgenesis trials). We describe progress in the understanding and knowledge about lamprey anatomy and physiology (skeleton, immune system and buccal secretion), ecology (life cycle, embryology), phylogeny (genome duplications, monophyly of cyclostomes), paleontology, embryonic development and the beginnings of lamprey genomics. Finally, in a special focus on the nervous system, we describe how changes in signaling, neurogenesis or neuronal migration patterns during brain development may be at the origin of some important differences observed between lamprey and gnathostome brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Osório
- UPR 2197 Développement, Evolution, Plasticité du Système Nerveux, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, C.N.R.S., Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ziermann JM, Olsson L. Patterns of spatial and temporal cranial muscle development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae). J Morphol 2008; 268:791-804. [PMID: 17624928 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The African Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis, has been a major vertebrate model organism for developmental studies for half a century. Because most studies have focused on the early stages of development, this has had the effect that many aspects of organogenesis and later development remain relatively poorly known in this species. In particular, little is known about cranial muscle development even at the level of morphology and histological differentiation of muscle anlagen and muscle fibers. In this study, we document the morphogenesis and histological differentiation of cranial muscles in X. laevis. We provide a detailed account of the timing of development for each of the cranial muscles, and also describe a new muscle, the m. transversus anterior. The cranial musculature of X. laevis larvae generally develops in a rostrocaudal sequence. The first muscles to differentiate are the extrinsic eye muscles. Muscles of the mandibular and hyoid arches develop almost simultaneously, and are followed by the muscles of the branchial arches and the larynx, and by the mm. geniohyoideus and rectus cervicis. Despite the fact that differentiation starts at different stages in the different muscles, most are fully developed at Stage 14. These baseline data on the timing of muscle differentiation in the X. laevis can serve as a foundation for comparative studies of heterochronic changes in cranial muscle development in frogs and other lissamphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Ziermann
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Erbertstr. 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuratani S, Ota KG. Primitive versus derived traits in the developmental program of the vertebrate head: views from cyclostome developmental studies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2008; 310:294-314. [PMID: 17705229 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evolution can be viewed as a series of changes in the developmental program along the phylogenetic tree. To better understand the early evolution of the vertebrate skull, we can use the embryos of the cyclostome species as models. By comparing the cyclostome developmental patterns with those of gnathostomes, it becomes possible to distinguish the primitive and derived parts of the developmental program as taxon-specific traits. These traits are often recognizable as developmental constraints that define taxa by biasing the developmental trajectories within a certain limited range, resulting in morphological homologies in adults. These developmental constraints are distributed on the phylogenetic tree like the morphological character states of adult animals and are associated with specific regions of the tree. From this perspective, we emphasize the importance of considering gene expression and embryonic anatomy as the mechanistic bases that can result in homologous or nonhomologous morphological patterns at later developmental stages. Taking the acquisition of the jaw and trabecula cranii as examples, we demonstrate that a set of embryonic features can be coupled or decoupled during evolution and development. When they are coupled, they exert an ancestral developmental constraint that results in homologous morphological patterns, and when they are decoupled, the ancestral constraints tend to be abandoned, generating a new body plan. The heterotopy behind the specification of the oral domain is an example of decoupling, based on shifted tissue interactions. We also stress the importance of "developmental burden" in determining the sequential order of changes through evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kuratani
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vera de Pedro E, Salado Marín C, Botella Astorqui MP, Rodríguez Estévez A, Díez López I, Gamarra Cabrerizo A. [Di George syndrome associated with hemimelia]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2007; 66:628-30. [PMID: 17583631 DOI: 10.1157/13107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
48
|
Schuff M, Rössner A, Wacker SA, Donow C, Gessert S, Knöchel W. FoxN3 is required for craniofacial and eye development of Xenopus laevis. Dev Dyn 2007; 236:226-39. [PMID: 17089409 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional knockdown of FoxN3, a member of subclass N of fork head/winged helix transcription factors in Xenopus laevis, leads to an abnormal formation of the jaw cartilage, absence or malformation of distinct cranial nerves, and reduced size of the eye. While the eye phenotype is due to an increased rate of apoptosis, the cellular basis of the jaw phenotype is more complex. The upper and lower jaw cartilages are derivatives of a subset of cranial neural crest cells, which migrate into the first pharyngeal arch. Histological analysis of FoxN3-depleted embryos reveals severe deformation and false positioning of infrarostral, Meckel's, and palatoquadrate cartilages, structural elements derived from the first pharyngeal arch, and of the ceratohyale, which derives from the second pharyngeal arch. The derivatives of the third and fourth pharyngeal arches are less affected. FoxN3 is not required for early neural crest migration. Defects in jaw formation rather arise by failure of differentiation than by positional effects of crest migration. By GST-pulldown analysis, we have identified two different members of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC), xSin3 and xRPD3, as putative interaction partners of FoxN3, suggesting that FoxN3 regulates craniofacial and eye development by recruiting HDAC.
Collapse
|
49
|
Boughner JC, Hallgrímsson B. Biological spacetime and the temporal integration of functional modules: A case study of dento–gnathic developmental timing. Dev Dyn 2007; 237:1-17. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
50
|
Depew MJ, Simpson CA. 21st century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:1256-91. [PMID: 16598716 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic neontology (comparative embryology and anatomy), through the application of the concept of homology, has demonstrated that the development of the gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) skull is characterized both by a fidelity to the gnathostome bauplan and the exquisite elaboration of final structural design. Just as homology is an old concept amended for modern purposes, so are many of the questions regarding the development of the skull. With due deference to Geoffroy-St. Hilaire, Cuvier, Owen, Lankester et al., we are still asking: How are bauplan fidelity and elaboration of design maintained, coordinated, and modified to generate the amazing diversity seen in cranial morphologies? What establishes and maintains pattern in the skull? Are there universal developmental mechanisms underlying gnathostome autapomorphic structural traits? Can we detect and identify the etiologies of heterotopic (change in the topology of a developmental event), heterochronic (change in the timing of a developmental event), and heterofacient (change in the active capacetence, or the elaboration of capacity, of a developmental event) changes in craniofacial development within and between taxa? To address whether jaws are all made in a like manner (and if not, then how not), one needs a starting point for the sake of comparison. To this end, we present here a "hinge and caps" model that places the articulation, and subsequently the polarity and modularity, of the upper and lower jaws in the context of cranial neural crest competence to respond to positionally located epithelial signals. This model expands on an evolving model of polarity within the mandibular arch and seeks to explain a developmental patterning system that apparently keeps gnathostome jaws in functional registration yet tractable to potential changes in functional demands over time. It relies upon a system for the establishment of positional information where pattern and placement of the "hinge" is driven by factors common to the junction of the maxillary and mandibular branches of the first arch and of the "caps" by the signals emanating from the distal-most first arch midline and the lamboidal junction (where the maxillary branch meets the frontonasal processes). In this particular model, the functional registration of jaws is achieved by the integration of "hinge" and "caps" signaling, with the "caps" sharing at some critical level a developmental history that potentiates their own coordination. We examine the evidential foundation for this model in mice, examine the robustness with which it can be applied to other taxa, and examine potential proximate sources of the signaling centers. Lastly, as developmental biologists have long held that the anterior-most mesendoderm (anterior archenteron roof or prechordal plate) is in some way integral to the normal formation of the head, including the cranial skeletal midlines, we review evidence that the seminal patterning influences on the early anterior ectoderm extend well beyond the neural plate and are just as important to establishing pattern within the cephalic ectoderm, in particular for the "caps" that will yield medial signaling centers known to coordinate jaw development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Depew
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|