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Judson K, Sanz C, Ebombi TF, Massamba JM, Teberd P, Abea G, Mbebouti G, Matoumona JKB, Nkoussou EG, Zambarda A, Brogan S, Stephens C, Morgan D. Socioecological factors influencing intraspecific variation in ranging dynamics of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Ndoki Forest. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23586. [PMID: 38151775 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ranging dynamics are physical and behavioral representations of how different socioecological factors affect an organism's spatial decisions and space use strategies. Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are a model species to investigate the drivers of spatial dynamics based on both the natural variation in socioecological factors within the species and compared with their mountain gorilla counterparts. In this study, we evaluate the influences of resource seasonality and social dynamics on variation in home range size, utilization, and intergroup overlap among multiple gorilla groups over an 8-year study period in the northern Republic of Congo. This study shows that western lowland gorillas can have small home ranges comparable to mountain gorillas, rather than universally larger home ranges as previously supposed, and that home ranges are stable through time. The largest source of variation in space use was the degree of intergroup home range overlap. The study groups did not demonstrate intraspecific variation in range size nor changes in intergroup overlap with respect to seasonality of fruit resources, but all groups demonstrated expansion of monthly range and core area with group size, matching predictions of intragroup feeding competition. These findings highlight the potential impact of intergroup relationships on space use and prompt further research on the role of social dynamics in ranging strategies. In this study, we reveal a greater degree of variability and flexibility in gorilla ranging behavior than previously realized which is relevant to improving comparative studies and informing conservation strategies on behalf of these endangered primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Judson
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Crickette Sanz
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jean Marie Massamba
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Prospère Teberd
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Gaston Abea
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Gaeton Mbebouti
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | | | - Alice Zambarda
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Sean Brogan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Colleen Stephens
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Morgan
- Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Berggren H, Nordahl O, Yıldırım Y, Larsson P, Tibblin P, Forsman A. Effects of environmental translocation and host characteristics on skin microbiomes of sun-basking fish. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231608. [PMID: 38113936 PMCID: PMC10730295 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the composition of skin-associated microbiomes has been attributed to host species, geographical location and habitat, but the role of intraspecific phenotypic variation among host individuals remains elusive. We explored if and how host environment and different phenotypic traits were associated with microbiome composition. We conducted repeated sampling of dorsal and ventral skin microbiomes of carp individuals (Cyprinus carpio) before and after translocation from laboratory conditions to a semi-natural environment. Both alpha and beta diversity of skin-associated microbiomes increased substantially within and among individuals following translocation, particularly on dorsal body sites. The variation in microbiome composition among hosts was significantly associated with body site, sun-basking, habitat switch and growth, but not temperature gain while basking, sex, personality nor colour morph. We suggest that the overall increase in the alpha and beta diversity estimates among hosts were induced by individuals expressing greater variation in behaviours and thus exposure to potential colonizers in the pond environment compared with the laboratory. Our results exemplify how biological diversity at one level of organization (phenotypic variation among and within fish host individuals) together with the external environment impacts biological diversity at a higher hierarchical level of organization (richness and composition of fish-associated microbial communities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Berggren
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Oscar Nordahl
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yeşerin Yıldırım
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Petter Tibblin
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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3
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Badger JJ, Bowen WD, den Heyer CE, Breed GA. Individual Quality Drives Life History Variation in a Long-Lived Marine Predator. Am Nat 2023; 202:351-367. [PMID: 37606942 DOI: 10.1086/725451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIndividual quality and environmental conditions may mask or interact with energetic trade-offs in life history evolution. Deconstructing these sources of variation is especially difficult in long-lived species that are rarely observed on timescales long enough to disentangle these effects. Here, we investigated relative support for variation in female quality and costs of reproduction as factors shaping differences in life history trajectories using a 32-year dataset of repeated reproductive measurements from 273 marked, known-age female gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). We defined individual reproductive investment using two traits, reproductive frequency (a female's probability of breeding) and provisioning performance (offspring weaning mass). Fitted hierarchical Bayesian models identified individual investment relative to conspecifics (over a female's entire life and in three age classes) and subsequently estimated how these investment metrics and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation are associated with longevity. Individual differences (i.e., quality) contributed a large portion of the variance in reproductive traits. Females that consistently invest well in their offspring relative to other females survive longer. The best-supported model estimated survival as a function of age class-specific provisioning performance, where late-life performance was particularly variable and had the greatest impact on survival, possibly indicating individual variation in senescence. There was no evidence to support a trade-off in reproductive performance and survival at the individual level. Overall, these results suggest that in gray seals, individual quality is a stronger driver in life history variation than individual strategies resulting from energetic trade-offs.
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Lubitz N, Daly R, Filmalter JD, Sheaves M, Cowley PD, Naesje TF, Barnett A. Context drives movement patterns in a mobile marine predator. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 37226200 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intra-specific variability in movement behaviour occurs in all major taxonomic groups. Despite its common occurrence and ecological consequences, individual variability is often overlooked. As a result, there is a persistent gap in knowledge about drivers of intra-specific variability in movement and its role in fulfilling life history requirements. We apply a context-focused approach to bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), a highly mobile marine predator, incorporating intra-specific variability to understand how variable movement patterns arise and how they might be altered under future change scenarios. Spatial analysis of sharks, acoustically tagged both at their distributional limit and the centre of distribution in southern Africa, was combined with spatial analysis of acoustically tagged teleost prey and remote-sensing of environmental variables. The objective was to test the hypothesis that varying resource availability and magnitude of seasonal environmental change in different locations interact to produce variable yet predictable movement behaviours across a species' distribution. Sharks from both locations showed high seasonal overlap with predictable prey aggregations. Patterns were variable in the centre of distribution, where residency, small- and large-scale movements were all recorded. In contrast, all animals from the distributional limit performed 'leap-frog migrations', making long-distance migrations bypassing conspecifics in the centre of distribution. By combining multiple variables related to life history requirements for animals in different environments we identified combinations of key drivers that explain the occurrence of differing movement behaviours across different contexts and delineated the effects of environmental factors and prey dynamics on predator movement. Comparisons with other taxa show striking similarities in patterns of intra-specific variability across terrestrial and marine species, suggesting common drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lubitz
- Marine Data Technology Hub, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville City, QLD, Australia.
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
| | - Ryan Daly
- Oceanographic Research Institute, Marine Parade, PO Box 10712, 4056, Durban, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag, 1015, 6140, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - John D Filmalter
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag, 1015, 6140, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Marcus Sheaves
- Marine Data Technology Hub, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville City, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul D Cowley
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag, 1015, 6140, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tor F Naesje
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, NO- 7485, Torgarden, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adam Barnett
- Marine Data Technology Hub, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville City, QLD, Australia
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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5
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Golnaraghi F, Quint DA, Gopinathan A. Optimal foraging strategies for mutually avoiding competitors. J Theor Biol 2023; 570:111537. [PMID: 37207720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many animals are known to exhibit foraging patterns where the distances they travel in a given direction are drawn from a heavy-tailed Lévy distribution. Previous studies have shown that, under sparse and random resource conditions, solitary non-destructive (with regenerating resources) foragers perform a maximally efficient search with Lévy exponent μ equal to 2, while for destructive foragers, efficiency decreases with μ monotonically and there is no optimal μ. However, in nature, there also exist situations where multiple foragers, displaying avoidance behavior, interact with each other competitively. To understand the effects of such competition, we develop a stochastic agent-based simulation that models competitive foraging among mutually avoiding individuals by incorporating an avoidance zone, or territory, of a certain size around each forager which is not accessible for foraging by other competitors. For non-destructive foraging, our results show that with increasing size of the territory and number of agents the optimal Lévy exponent is still approximately 2 while the overall efficiency of the search decreases. At low values of the Lévy exponent, however, increasing territory size actually increases efficiency. For destructive foraging, we show that certain kinds of avoidance can lead to qualitatively different behavior from solitary foraging, such as the existence of an optimal search with 1<μ<2. Finally, we show that the variance among the efficiencies of the agents increases with increasing Lévy exponent for both solitary and competing foragers, suggesting that reducing variance might be a selective pressure for foragers adopting lower values of μ. Taken together, our results suggest that, for multiple foragers, mutual avoidance and efficiency variance among individuals can lead to optimal Lévy searches with exponents different from those for solitary foragers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Golnaraghi
- Department of Physics, University of California - Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, 95343, CA, USA
| | - David A Quint
- Physical and Life Sciences (PLS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Gopinathan
- Department of Physics, University of California - Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, 95343, CA, USA.
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Pinti J, Shatley M, Carlisle A, Block BA, Oliver MJ. Using pseudo-absence models to test for environmental selection in marine movement ecology: the importance of sample size and selection strength. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2022; 10:60. [PMID: 36581885 PMCID: PMC9798696 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the selection of environmental conditions by animals requires knowledge of where they are, but also of where they could have been. Presence data can be accurately estimated by direct sampling, sightings, or through electronic tag deployments. However, absence data are harder to determine because absences are challenging to measure in an uncontrolled setting. To address this problem, ecologists have developed different methods for generating pseudo-absence data relying on theoretical movement models. These null models represent the movement of environmentally naive individuals, creating a set of locations that animals could have been if they were not exhibiting environmental selection. METHODS Here, we use four different kinds of null animal movement models-Brownian motion, Lévy walks, Correlated random walks, and Joint correlated random walks to test the ability and power of each of these null movement models to serve as appropriate animal absence models. We use Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to detect environmental selection using two data sets, one of simulated animal tracks biased towards warmer sea surface temperatures, and one of 57 observed blue shark tracks of unknown sea surface temperature selection. RESULTS The four different types of movement models showed minimal difference in the ability to serve as appropriate null models for environmental selection studies. Selection strength and sample size were more important in detecting true environmental selection. We show that this method can suffer from high false positive rates, especially in the case where animals are not selecting for specific environments. We provide estimates of test accuracy at different sample sizes and selection strengths to avoid false positives when using this method. CONCLUSION We show how movement models can be used to generate pseudo-absences and test for habitat selection in marine organisms. While this approach efficiently detects environmental selection in marine organisms, it cannot detect the underlying mechanisms driving this selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Pinti
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA.
| | - Matthew Shatley
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA
| | - Aaron Carlisle
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA
| | - Barbara A Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Biology Department, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Matthew J Oliver
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA
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7
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Yap F, Høeg JT, Chan BKK. Living on fire: Deactivating fire coral polyps for larval settlement and symbiosis in the fire coral-associated barnacle Wanella milleporae (Thoracicalcarea: Wanellinae). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9057. [PMID: 35813926 PMCID: PMC9254672 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis is increasingly recognized as being an important component in marine systems, and many such relationships are initiated when free-swimming larvae of one partner settle and become sedentary on a host partner. Therefore, several crucial questions emerge such as the larva's mechanism of locating a host, selection of substratum and finally settlement on the surface of its future partner. Here, we investigated these mechanisms by studying how larvae of the fire coral-associated barnacle Wanella milleporae move, settle and establish symbiosis with their host, Millepora tenera. Cyprids of W. milleporae possess a pair of specialized antennules with bell-shaped attachment discs that enable them to explore and settle superficially on the hostile surface of the fire coral. Intriguingly, the stinging polyps of the fire coral remain in their respective pores when the cyprids explore the fire coral surface. Even when cyprids come into contact with the nematocysts on the extended stinging polyps during the exploratory phase, no immobilization effects against the cyprids were observed. The exploratory phase of Wanella cyprids can be divided into a sequence of wide searching (large step length and high walking speed), close searching (small step length and low speed) and inspection behavior, eventually resulting in permanent settlement and metamorphosis. After settlement, xenogeneic interactions occur between the fire coral and the newly metamorphosed juvenile barnacle. This involved tissue necrosis and regeneration in the fire coral host, leading to a callus ring structure around the juvenile barnacle, enhancing survival rate after settlement. The complex exploratory and settlement patterns and interactions documented here represent a breakthrough in coral reef symbiosis studies to show how invertebrates start symbiosis with fire corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fook‐Choy Yap
- Biodiversity Research CenterAcademia SinicaNangangTaiwan
- Present address:
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar BaratPerakMalaysia
| | - Jens T. Høeg
- Department of Biology, Marine Biological SectionUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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8
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Vidal-Mateo J, Benavent-Corai J, López-López P, García-Ripollés C, Mellone U, De la Puente J, Bermejo A, Urios V. Search Foraging Strategies of Migratory Raptors Under Different Environmental Conditions. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.666238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown in different organisms how their movements can be fitted to different patterns to optimize search of food resources. According to abundance and availability of resources, different strategies will be optimal, such as Lévy and Brownian random search. We analyze the movement patterns of four species of migratory raptors with different degrees of ecological specialization in diet during the breeding and wintering periods to evaluate the differences according to species and season: the Egyptian Vulture, the Short-toed Snake Eagle, the Booted Eagle, and the Red Kite. From GPS locations, we obtained a set of segments and lengths that were analyzed to verify their fitting to the functions of Lévy and Brownian strategies. Egyptian Vulture’s trajectories fitted to both patterns during the breeding period, whereas during the wintering period most trajectories fitted a Brownian pattern. In the case of the Short-toed Eagle, fit was greater to a Lévy strategy throughout the year, while Booted Eagles and Red Kites exhibited a combination of search patterns. These differences could be accounted for different feeding strategies and environmental context over the annual cycle. In species with a specialized diet (i.e., Short-toed Eagle) the Lévy pattern would maximize the encounters with scarce and unpredictable resources, whereas for species with a broad trophic niche (i.e., Booted Eagle and Red Kite), movements could be adapted to exploit different resources according to their abundance. Scavengers like the Egyptian Vulture shift also between search strategies according to the distribution of carrion. Therefore, the analysis of food search patterns can be used as an indirect indicator to track changes in food availability across a broad range of environmental conditions. This is particularly important under the current context of global change which is largely expected to affect migratory species that spend their vital cycle in distant areas.
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9
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Ando K, Yoshikawa T, Kozakai C, Yamazaki K, Naganuma T, Inagaki A, Koike S. Composite Brownian walks best explain the movement patterns of Asian black bears, irrespective of sex, seasonality, and food availability. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Ando
- Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yoshikawa
- Biodiversity Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Chinatsu Kozakai
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Japan
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Faculty of Regional Environment Science Tokyo University of Agriculture Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoko Naganuma
- Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Akino Inagaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan
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10
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Moseby K, McGregor H. Feral Cats Use Fine Scale Prey Cues and Microhabitat Patches of Dense Vegetation When Hunting Prey in Arid Australia. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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11
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Stuber EF, Carlson BS, Jesmer BR. Spatial personalities: a meta-analysis of consistent individual differences in spatial behavior. Behav Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Individual variation in behavior, particularly consistent among-individual differences (i.e., personality), has important ecological and evolutionary implications for population and community dynamics, trait divergence, and patterns of speciation. Nevertheless, individual variation in spatial behaviors, such as home range behavior, movement characteristics, or habitat use has yet to be incorporated into the concepts or methodologies of ecology and evolutionary biology. To evaluate evidence for the existence of consistent among-individual differences in spatial behavior – which we refer to as “spatial personality” – we performed a meta-analysis of 200 repeatability estimates of home range size, movement metrics, and habitat use. We found that the existence of spatial personality is a general phenomenon, with consistently high repeatability (r) across classes of spatial behavior (r = 0.67–0.82), taxa (r = 0.31–0.79), and time between repeated measurements (r = 0.54–0.74). These results suggest: 1) repeatable spatial behavior may either be a cause or consequence of the environment experienced and lead to spatial personalities that may limit the ability of individuals to behaviorally adapt to changing landscapes; 2) interactions between spatial phenotypes and environmental conditions could result in differential reproduction, survival, and dispersal, suggesting that among-individual variation may facilitate population-level adaptation; 3) spatial patterns of species' distributions and spatial population dynamics may be better understood by shifting from a mean field analytical approach towards methods that account for spatial personalities and their associated fitness and ecological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica F Stuber
- U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ben S Carlson
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brett R Jesmer
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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12
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Bull JC, Jones OR, Börger L, Franconi N, Banga R, Lock K, Stringell TB. Climate causes shifts in grey seal phenology by modifying age structure. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212284. [PMID: 34847765 PMCID: PMC8634623 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous examples of phenological shifts that are recognized both as indicators of climate change and drivers of ecosystem change. A pressing challenge is to understand the causal mechanisms by which climate affects phenology. We combined annual population census data and individual longitudinal data (1992-2018) on grey seals, Halicheorus grypus, to quantify the relationship between pupping season phenology and sea surface temperature. A temperature increase of 2°C was associated with a pupping season advance of approximately seven days at the population level. However, we found that maternal age, rather than sea temperature, accounted for changes in pupping date by individuals. Warmer years were associated with an older average age of mothers, allowing us to explain phenological observations in terms of a changing population age structure. Finally, we developed a matrix population model to test whether our observations were consistent with changes to the stable age distribution. This could not fully account for observed phenological shift, strongly suggesting transient modification of population age structure, for example owing to immigration. We demonstrate a novel mechanism for phenological shifts under climate change in long-lived, age- or stage-structured species with broad implications for dynamics and resilience, as well as population management.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Bull
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Owen R. Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPOP), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Novella Franconi
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Roma Banga
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Kate Lock
- Natural Resources Wales, Martin's Haven, Pembrokeshire, UK
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13
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Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change. Oecologia 2021; 198:111-124. [PMID: 34787703 PMCID: PMC8803685 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Globally, marine animal distributions are shifting in response to a changing climate. These shifts are usually considered at the species level, but individuals are likely to differ in how they respond to the changing conditions. Here, we investigate how movement behaviour and, therefore, redistribution, would differ by sex and maturation class in a wide-ranging marine predator. We tracked 115 tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from 2002 to 2020 and forecast class-specific distributions through to 2030, including environmental factors and predicted occurrence of potential prey. Generalised Linear and Additive Models revealed that water temperature change, particularly at higher latitudes, was the factor most associated with shark movements. Females dispersed southwards during periods of warming temperatures, and while juvenile females preferred a narrow thermal range between 22 and 23 °C, adult female and juvenile male presence was correlated with either lower (< 22 °C) or higher (> 23 °C) temperatures. During La Niña, sharks moved towards higher latitudes and used shallower isobaths. Inclusion of predicted distribution of their putative prey significantly improved projections of suitable habitats for all shark classes, compared to simpler models using temperature alone. Tiger shark range off the east coast of Australia is predicted to extend ~ 3.5° south towards the east coast of Tasmania, particularly for juvenile males. Our framework highlights the importance of combining long-term movement data with multi-factor habitat projections to identify heterogeneity within species when predicting consequences of climate change. Recognising intraspecific variability will improve conservation and management strategies and help anticipate broader ecosystem consequences of species redistribution due to ocean warming.
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14
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Zangrossi A, Cona G, Celli M, Zorzi M, Corbetta M. Visual exploration dynamics are low-dimensional and driven by intrinsic factors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1100. [PMID: 34535744 PMCID: PMC8448835 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When looking at visual images, the eyes move to the most salient and behaviourally relevant objects. Saliency and semantic information significantly explain where people look. Less is known about the spatiotemporal properties of eye movements (i.e., how people look). We show that three latent variables explain 60% of eye movement dynamics of more than a hundred observers looking at hundreds of different natural images. The first component explaining 30% of variability loads on fixation duration, and it does not relate to image saliency or semantics; it approximates a power-law distribution of gaze steps, an intrinsic dynamic measure, and identifies observers with two viewing styles: static and dynamic. Notably, these viewing styles were also identified when observers look at a blank screen. These results support the importance of endogenous processes such as intrinsic dynamics to explain eye movement spatiotemporal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zangrossi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.428736.cVenetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cona
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Miriam Celli
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.428736.cVenetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Zorzi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.492797.6IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.428736.cVenetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
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Planque Y, Spitz J, Authier M, Guillou G, Vincent C, Caurant F. Trophic niche overlap between sympatric harbour seals ( Phoca vitulina) and grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus) at the southern limit of their European range (Eastern English Channel). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10004-10025. [PMID: 34367555 PMCID: PMC8328439 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympatric harbour (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) are increasingly considered potential competitors, especially since recent local declines in harbour seal numbers while grey seal numbers remained stable or increased at their European core distributions. A better understanding of the interactions between these species is critical for conservation efforts. This study aimed to identify the trophic niche overlap between harbour and grey seals at the southern limit of their European range, in the Baie de Somme (BDS, Eastern English Channel, France), where numbers of resident harbour seals and visiting grey seals are increasing exponentially. Dietary overlap was identified from scat contents using hierarchical clustering. Isotopic niche overlap was quantified using δ13C and δ15N isotopic values from whiskers of 18 individuals, by estimating isotopic standard ellipses with a novel hierarchical model developed in a Bayesian framework to consider both intraindividual variability and interindividual variability. Foraging areas of these individuals were identified from telemetry data. The three independent approaches provided converging results, revealing a high trophic niche overlap due to consumption of benthic flatfish. Two diet clusters were dominated by either small or large benthic flatfish; these comprised 85.5% [CI95%: 80.3%-90.2%] of harbour seal scats and 46.8% [35.1%-58.4%] of grey seal scats. The narrower isotopic niche of harbour seals was nested within that of grey seals (58.2% [22.7%-100%] overlap). Grey seals with isotopic values similar to harbour seals foraged in coastal waters close to the BDS alike harbour seals did, suggesting the niche overlap may be due to individual grey seal strategies. Our findings therefore provide the basis for potential competition between both species (foraging on benthic flatfish close to the BDS). We suggest that a continued increase in seal numbers and/or a decrease in flatfish supply in this area could cause/amplify competitive interactions and have deleterious effects on harbour seal colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Planque
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de ChizéCEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de ChizéCEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
- Observatoire PelagisUMS 3462 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
| | - Matthieu Authier
- Observatoire PelagisUMS 3462 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
- ADERAPessac CedexFrance
| | - Gaël Guillou
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, LIENSsUMR 7266 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
| | - Cécile Vincent
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de ChizéCEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
| | - Florence Caurant
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de ChizéCEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
- Observatoire PelagisUMS 3462 CNRS/La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
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16
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Lennox RJ, Westrelin S, Souza AT, Šmejkal M, Říha M, Prchalová M, Nathan R, Koeck B, Killen S, Jarić I, Gjelland K, Hollins J, Hellstrom G, Hansen H, Cooke SJ, Boukal D, Brooks JL, Brodin T, Baktoft H, Adam T, Arlinghaus R. A role for lakes in revealing the nature of animal movement using high dimensional telemetry systems. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:40. [PMID: 34321114 PMCID: PMC8320048 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Movement ecology is increasingly relying on experimental approaches and hypothesis testing to reveal how, when, where, why, and which animals move. Movement of megafauna is inherently interesting but many of the fundamental questions of movement ecology can be efficiently tested in study systems with high degrees of control. Lakes can be seen as microcosms for studying ecological processes and the use of high-resolution positioning systems to triangulate exact coordinates of fish, along with sensors that relay information about depth, temperature, acceleration, predation, and more, can be used to answer some of movement ecology's most pressing questions. We describe how key questions in animal movement have been approached and how experiments can be designed to gather information about movement processes to answer questions about the physiological, genetic, and environmental drivers of movement using lakes. We submit that whole lake telemetry studies have a key role to play not only in movement ecology but more broadly in biology as key scientific arenas for knowledge advancement. New hardware for tracking aquatic animals and statistical tools for understanding the processes underlying detection data will continue to advance the potential for revealing the paradigms that govern movement and biological phenomena not just within lakes but in other realms spanning lands and oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (LFI) at NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsporten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Samuel Westrelin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, Pôle R&D ECLA, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne - CS 40061, 13182 Cedex 5, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Allan T Souza
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šmejkal
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Říha
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Prchalová
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 102 Berman Bldg, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karl Gjelland
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack Hollins
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Gustav Hellstrom
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henry Hansen
- Karlstads University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Bergen, Germany
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Boukal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jill L Brooks
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Baktoft
- Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, Building Silkeborg-039, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Timo Adam
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Bergen, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bergen, Germany
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Smetzer JR, Paxton KL, Paxton EH. Individual and seasonal variation in the movement behavior of two tropical nectarivorous birds. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:36. [PMID: 34233764 PMCID: PMC8264974 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement of animals directly affects individual fitness, yet fine spatial and temporal resolution movement behavior has been studied in relatively few small species, particularly in the tropics. Nectarivorous Hawaiian honeycreepers are believed to be highly mobile throughout the year, but their fine-scale movement patterns remain unknown. The movement behavior of these crucial pollinators has important implications for forest ecology, and for mortality from avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), an introduced disease that does not occur in high-elevation forests where Hawaiian honeycreepers primarily breed. METHODS We used an automated radio telemetry network to track the movement of two Hawaiian honeycreeper species, the 'apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and 'i'iwi (Drepanis coccinea). We collected high temporal and spatial resolution data across the annual cycle. We identified movement strategies using a multivariate analysis of movement metrics and assessed seasonal changes in movement behavior. RESULTS Both species exhibited multiple movement strategies including sedentary, central place foraging, commuting, and nomadism , and these movement strategies occurred simultaneously across the population. We observed a high degree of intraspecific variability at the individual and population level. The timing of the movement strategies corresponded well with regional bloom patterns of 'ōhi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha) the primary nectar source for the focal species. Birds made long-distance flights, including multi-day forays outside the tracking array, but exhibited a high degree of fidelity to a core use area, even in the non-breeding period. Both species visited elevations where avian malaria can occur but exhibited little seasonal change in elevation (< 150 m) and regularly returned to high-elevation roosts at night. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the power of automated telemetry to study complex and fine-scale movement behaviors in rugged tropical environments. Our work reveals a system in which birds can track shifting resources using a diverse set of movement behaviors and can facultatively respond to environmental change. Importantly, fidelity to high-elevation roosting sites minimizes nocturnal exposure to avian malaria for far-ranging individuals and is thus a beneficial behavior that may be under high selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Smetzer
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, PO Box 44, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA.
| | - Kristina L Paxton
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, PO Box 44, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
| | - Eben H Paxton
- U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, PO Box 44, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
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Kerches-Rogeri P, Ramos DL, Siren J, de Oliveira Teles B, Alves RSC, Priante CF, Ribeiro MC, Araújo MS, Ovaskainen O. Movement syndromes of a Neotropical frugivorous bat inhabiting heterogeneous landscapes in Brazil. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:35. [PMID: 34233767 PMCID: PMC8262009 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that individuals within populations can vary in both habitat use and movement behavior, but it is still not clear how these two relate to each other. The aim of this study was to test if and how individual bats in a Stunira lilium population differ in their movement activity and preferences for landscape features in a correlated manner. METHODS We collected data on movements of 27 individuals using radio telemetry. We fitted a heterogeneous-space diffusion model to the movement data in order to evaluate signals of movement variation among individuals. RESULTS S. lilium individuals generally preferred open habitat with Solanum fruits, regularly switched between forest and open areas, and showed high site fidelity. Movement variation among individuals could be summarized in four movement syndromes: (1) average individuals, (2) forest specialists, (3) explorers which prefer Piper, and (4) open area specialists which prefer Solanum and Cecropia. CONCLUSIONS Individual preferences for landscape features plus food resource and movement activity were correlated, resulting in different movement syndromes. Individual variation in preferences for landscape elements and food resources highlight the importance of incorporating explicitly the interaction between landscape structure and individual heterogeneity in descriptions of animal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kerches-Rogeri
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Avenida 24 A,1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Leal Ramos
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Avenida 24 A,1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jukka Siren
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Beatriz de Oliveira Teles
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Avenida 24 A,1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Souza Cruz Alves
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Avenida 24 A,1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Fátima Priante
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Avenida 24 A,1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Avenida 24 A,1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Silva Araújo
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Avenida 24 A,1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Chudzinska M, Nabe-Nielsen J, Smout S, Aarts G, Brasseur S, Graham I, Thompson P, McConnell B. AgentSeal: Agent-based model describing movement of marine central-place foragers. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wright SJ, Heurich M, Buchmann CM, Böcker R, Schurr FM. The importance of individual movement and feeding behaviour for long-distance seed dispersal by red deer: a data-driven model. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:44. [PMID: 33133610 PMCID: PMC7594291 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-distance seed dispersal (LDD) has strong impacts on the spatiotemporal dynamics of plants. Large animals are important LDD vectors because they regularly transport seeds of many plant species over long distances. While there is now ample evidence that behaviour varies considerably between individual animals, it is not clear to what extent inter-individual variation in behaviour alters seed dispersal by animals. METHODS We study how inter-individual variation in the movement and feeding behaviour of one of Europe's largest herbivores (the red deer, Cervus elaphus) affects internal seed dispersal (endozoochory) of multiple plant species. We combine movement data of 21 individual deer with measurements of seed loads in the dung of the same individuals and with data on gut passage time. These data serve to parameterize a model of passive dispersal that predicts LDD in three orientations (horizontal as well as upward and downward in elevation).With this model we investigate to what extent per-seed probabilities of LDD and seed load vary between individuals and throughout the vegetation period (May-December). Subsequently, we test whether per-seed LDD probability and seed load are positively (or negatively) correlated so that more mobile animals disperse more (or less) seeds. Finally, we examine whether non-random associations between per-seed LDD probability and seed load affect the LDD of individual plant species. RESULTS The studied deer dispersed viable seeds of at least 62 plant species. Deer individuals varied significantly in per-seed LDD probability and seed loads. However, more mobile animals did not disperse more or less seeds than less mobile ones. Plant species also did not differ significantly in the relationship between per-seed LDD probability and seed load. Yet plant species differed in how their seed load was distributed across deer individuals and in time, and this caused their LDD potential to differ more than twofold. For several plant species, we detected non-random associations between per-seed LDD probability and seed load that generally increased LDD potential. CONCLUSIONS Inter-individual variation in movement and feeding behaviour means that certain deer are substantially more effective LDD vectors than others. This inter-individual variation reduces the reliability of LDD and increases the sensitivity of LDD to the decline of deer populations. Variation in the dispersal services of individual animals should thus be taken into account in models in order to improve LDD projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Wright
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee 1, 60316 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Heurich
- Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Carsten M. Buchmann
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhard Böcker
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank M. Schurr
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Moseby KE, McGregor H, Read JL. The lethal 23%: predator demography influences predation risk for threatened prey. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Moseby
- Centre for Ecosystem Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Arid Recovery Roxby Downs SA Australia
| | - H. McGregor
- Arid Recovery Roxby Downs SA Australia
- University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - J. L. Read
- University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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Gatto JV, Trexler JC. Speed and directedness predict colonization sequence post-disturbance. Oecologia 2020; 193:713-727. [PMID: 32556591 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foundational ecological models characterize dispersal with two behavioral traits, speed and directional bias. We hypothesized that these two traits can predict the order of colonization by fishes in a heterogenous landscape. Colonization patterns following hydrological disturbance were documented from a 20-year multi-site time series of marsh fish, and we evaluated the ability of a two-parameter model to predict these patterns. The maximum aerobic swimming speed (UCRIT) for six coexisting fish species were estimated using endurance tests; field estimates of directedness and swimming speed were previously documented using encounter samplers. We incorporated interspecific variation in speed, direction, and density into several Agent Based Models to simulate dispersal following disturbance. Six virtual "species" with varying levels of directedness, "swam" in an artificial environment to reach a refuge habitat. The time of first arrival for each species was saved at the end of each run and used to calculate the probability of arrival order. Our simulated results generated predictions on order of arrival consistent with observed colonization patterns in our long-term dataset. Swim tunnel results revealed that fast (high UCRIT) estimates were characteristic of early colonizing species; whereas, slow (low UCRIT) estimates were characteristic of late colonizing species. Directional bias better predicted order of arrival than speed and was robust to inter-specific variation in density. This study demonstrated that two parameters were adequate to predict the order of species colonization in a complex landscape. These results support the use of relatively simple trait-based models to generate realistic community assembly dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Gatto
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA. .,Great Rivers Field Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 918 Union St, Alton, IL, 62002, USA.
| | - Joel C Trexler
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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Badger JJ, Bowen WD, den Heyer CE, Breed GA. Variation in individual reproductive performance amplified with population size in a long‐lived carnivore. Ecology 2020; 101:e03024. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janelle J. Badger
- Department of Biolog y and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska756100 USA
| | - W. Don Bowen
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1 Challenger Dr Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Cornelia E. den Heyer
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1 Challenger Dr Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Greg A. Breed
- Department of Biolog y and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska756100 USA
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska757000 USA
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Lidgard DC, Bowen WD, Iverson SJ. Sex-differences in fine-scale home-range use in an upper-trophic level marine predator. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32082578 PMCID: PMC7020581 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of prey in the ocean is spatially and temporally patchy. How predators respond to this prey patchiness may have consequences on their foraging success, and thus physical condition. The recent ability to record fine-scale movements of marine animals combined with novel home-range analyses that incorporate the dimension of time should permit a better understanding of how individuals utilise different regions of space and the consequences on their foraging success. METHODS Over a six-year study, we used T-LoCoH (Time-Local Convex Hull) home-range software to model archival GPS (Global Positioning System) data from 81 grey seals to investigate the fine-scale spatio-temporal use of space and the distribution of apparent foraging effort. Regions of home-ranges were classified according to the frequency of return visits (site fidelity) and duration of visits (intensity of use). Generalized linear mixed -effects models were used to test hypotheses on seasonal changes in foraging distribution and behaviour and the role of space-use and state on determining foraging success. RESULTS Male grey seals had larger home-ranges and core areas than females, and both sexes showed a contraction in home-range and core area in fall leading up to the breeding season compared with summer. Heavier individuals had smaller core areas than lighter ones, suggesting access to higher quality habitat might be limited to those individuals with greater foraging experience and competitive ability. The size of the home-range or core area was not an important predictor of the rate of mass gain. A fine-scale spatio-temporal analysis of habitat use within the home-range provided evidence of intra-annual site fidelity at presumed foraging locations, suggesting predictably in prey distribution. Neither sex nor season were useful predictors for classifying behaviour. Rather, individual identity explained much of the variation in fine-scale behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Understanding how upper-trophic level marine predators use space provides opportunities to explore the consequences of variation in foraging tactics and their success on fitness. Having knowledge of the drivers that shape this intraspecific variation can contribute toward predicting how these predators may respond to both natural and man-made environmental forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Lidgard
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, B3H 4J1, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
- Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Canada
| | - W. D. Bowen
- Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Canada
| | - S. J. Iverson
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, B3H 4J1, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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Pennekamp F, Clobert J, Schtickzelle N. The interplay between movement, morphology and dispersal in Tetrahymena ciliates. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8197. [PMID: 31871838 PMCID: PMC6924321 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how and why individual movement translates into dispersal between populations is a long-term goal in ecology. Movement is broadly defined as ‘any change in the spatial location of an individual’, whereas dispersal is more narrowly defined as a movement that may lead to gene flow. Because the former may create the condition for the latter, behavioural decisions that lead to dispersal may be detectable in underlying movement behaviour. In addition, dispersing individuals also have specific sets of morphological and behavioural traits that help them coping with the costs of movement and dispersal, and traits that mitigate costs should be under selection and evolve if they have a genetic basis. Here, we experimentally study the relationships between movement behaviour, morphology and dispersal across 44 genotypes of the actively dispersing unicellular, aquatic model organism Tetrahymena thermophila. We used two-patch populations to quantify individual movement trajectories, as well as activity, morphology and dispersal rate. First, we studied variation in movement behaviour among and within genotypes (i.e. between dispersers and residents) and tested whether this variation can be explained by morphology. Then, we addressed how much the dispersal rate is driven by differences in the underlying movement behaviour. Genotypes revealed clear differences in terms of movement speed and linearity. We also detected marked movement differences between resident and dispersing individuals, mediated by the genotype. Movement variation was partly explained by morphological properties such as cell size and shape, with larger cells consistently showing higher movement speed and higher linearity. Genetic differences in activity and movement were positively related to the observed dispersal and jointly explained 47% of the variation in dispersal rate. Our study shows that a detailed understanding of the interplay between morphology, movement and dispersal may have potential to improve dispersal predictions over broader spatio-temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pennekamp
- Earth and Life Institute & Biodiversity Research Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute & Biodiversity Research Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Kriegisch N, Reeves SE, Flukes EB, Johnson CR, Ling SD. Drift-kelp suppresses foraging movement of overgrazing sea urchins. Oecologia 2019; 190:665-677. [PMID: 31250188 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchins have the capacity to destructively overgraze kelp beds and cause a wholesale shift to an alternative and stable 'urchin barren' reef state. However, destructive grazing appears labile and contingent on behavioural shift. Changes in supply of allochthonous 'drift-kelp' food are hypothesised as a trigger of change in urchin grazing behaviour, yet field tests are lacking. Here we conduct a suite of in situ behavioural surveys and manipulative experiments within kelp beds and on urchin barrens to examine foraging movements and evidence for a behavioural switch to an 'overgrazing mode' by the Australian urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma (Echinometridae). Tracking urchins using time-lapse photography revealed urchin foraging to conform to a random walk model within kelp beds and on barrens. However, many individuals tended towards local movement within proximal crevices and movement was reduced in kelp beds compared to barrens. Directional movement of urchins toward newly available kelp was experimentally inducible, consistent with locally observed 'mobile-feeding-fronts' that develop at barrens-kelp interfaces. Habitat-specific feeding modes were also evidenced by herbivory assays which revealed urchin grazing rates to be high on both drift-kelp and standing kelp on barren grounds, while drift-kelp but not standing kelp was consumed at high rates within kelp beds. Time-lapse tracking of urchin foraging before/after addition of drift-kelp revealed a reduction in foraging across the reef surface after drift-kelp capture. Collectively, results indicate that the availability of drift-kelp is a pivotal trigger in determining urchin feeding modes which thus mediates the shift between alternative stable states for rocky reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kriegisch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - S E Reeves
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - E B Flukes
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - C R Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - S D Ling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia.
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Gantchoff M, Conlee L, Belant J. Conservation implications of sex‐specific landscape suitability for a large generalist carnivore. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Gantchoff
- Camp Fire Program in Wildlife Conservation, College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse New York USA
| | - Laura Conlee
- Missouri Department of Conservation Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Jerrold Belant
- Camp Fire Program in Wildlife Conservation, College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse New York USA
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28
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Schirmer A, Herde A, Eccard JA, Dammhahn M. Individuals in space: personality-dependent space use, movement and microhabitat use facilitate individual spatial niche specialization. Oecologia 2019; 189:647-660. [PMID: 30826867 PMCID: PMC6418052 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality-dependent space use and movement might be crucially influencing ecological interactions, giving way to individual niche specialization. This new approach challenges classical niche theory with potentially great ecological consequences, but so far has only scarce empirical support. Here, we investigated if and how consistent inter-individual differences in behavior predict space use and movement patterns in free-ranging bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and thereby contribute to individual niche specialization. Individuals were captured and marked from three different subpopulations in North-East Germany. Inter-individual differences in boldness and exploration were quantified via repeated standardized tests directly in the field after capture. Subsequently, space use and movement patterns of a representative sample of the behavioral variation (n = 21 individuals) were monitored via automated VHF telemetry for a period of four days, yielding on average 384 locations per individual. Bolder individuals occupied larger home ranges and core areas (estimated via kernel density analyses), moved longer distances, spatially overlapped with fewer conspecifics and preferred different microhabitats based on vegetation cover compared to shyer individuals. We found evidence for personality-dependent space use, movement, and occupation of individual spatial niches in bank voles. Thus, besides dietary niche specialization also spatial dimensions of ecological niches vary among individuals within populations, which may have important consequences for ecological interactions within- and between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schirmer
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Antje Herde
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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Gosch M, Cronin M, Rogan E, Hunt W, Luck C, Jessopp M. Spatial variation in a top marine predator's diet at two regionally distinct sites. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209032. [PMID: 30601852 PMCID: PMC6314570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In ecological studies it is often assumed that predator foraging strategies and resource use are geographically and seasonally homogeneous, resulting in relatively static trophic relationships. However, certain centrally placed foragers (e.g. seals) often have terrestrial sites for breeding, resting, and moulting that are geographically distinct, and associated with different habitat types. Therefore, accurate estimations of predator diet at relevant spatial and temporal scales are key to understanding energetic requirements, predator-prey interactions and ecosystem structure. We investigate geographic variation in the diet of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), a relatively abundant and widely distributed central place forager, to provide insights into geographic variation in resource use. Prey composition was identified using scat samples collected over concurrent timescales and a multivariate approach was used to analyse diet from two contrasting habitats. Regional differences in prey assemblages occurred within all years (2011-2013) and all seasons (ANOSIM, all p<0.05), apart from in winter. Telemetry data were used to identify core foraging areas and habitats most likely associated with scat samples collected at the two haul-out sites. Regional differences in the diet appear to reflect regional differences in the physical habitat features, with seals foraging in deeper waters over sandy substrates showing a higher prevalence of pelagic and bentho-pelagic prey species such as blue whiting and sandeels. Conversely, seals foraging in comparatively shallow waters had a greater contribution of demersal and groundfish species such as cephalopods and flatfish in their diet. We suggest that shallower waters enable seals to spend more time foraging along the benthos while remaining within aerobic dive limits, resulting in more benthic species in the diet. In contrast, the diet of seals hauled-out in areas adjacent to deeper waters indicates that either seals engage in a more pelagic foraging strategy, or that seals can spend less time at the benthos, resulting in comparatively more pelagic prey recovered in the diet. The substantial differences in prey assemblages over a small spatial scale (<300 km) demonstrates the importance of using regionally-specific diet information in ecosystem-based models to better account for different trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Gosch
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Cronin
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emer Rogan
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - William Hunt
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cian Luck
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Jessopp
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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30
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Gantchoff M, Wang G, Beyer D, Belant J. Scale-dependent home range optimality for a solitary omnivore. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12271-12282. [PMID: 30598817 PMCID: PMC6303745 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity are fundamental mechanisms structuring home ranges. Under optimality, an individual should structure their space use economically to maximize fitness. We evaluated support for three hypotheses related to range optimality in American black bears (Ursus americanus), predicting (a) range location on a landscape will correspond with high vegetation productivity, (b) increasing forest fragmentation will result in larger ranges, and (c) increasing proportion of forest and/or mean vegetation productivity will result in smaller ranges. We used black bear radio telemetry data from Michigan (2009-2015), Missouri (2010-2016), and Mississippi (2008-2017), USA. Annual space use excluded winter, and we separated seasonal space use into spring, summer, and fall. We collected data from 143 bears (80 females, 63 males), resulting in 97 annual and 538 seasonal ranges. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate productivity (estimated through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI]) selection, and range size (km2) variation between individuals. At the annual scale, black bears consistently selected areas with greater vegetation productivity than the surrounding landscape; yet selection weakened and was more variable seasonally. Opposite to our prediction, we found that increasing fragmentation consistently resulted in smaller ranges; non-forested land covers and forest edges might provide greater abundance or more diverse foods for bears. Ranges with a greater proportion of forest were smaller, likely reflecting an increase in food and cover which could reduce movements, yet there was no support for more productive ranges also being smaller as expected from an area minimizing strategy. Black bears displayed a scale-dependent space use strategy: at larger spatial and temporal scales, productivity acted as the strongest limiting factor and energy maximizing was the dominant strategy, while an area minimizing strategy was exhibited seasonally. We revealed consistent, scale-dependent responses by black bears to environmental conditions, demonstrating the intrinsic plasticity of this adaptable omnivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Gantchoff
- Camp Fire Program in Wildlife Conservation, College of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNew York
| | - Guiming Wang
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi
| | - Dean Beyer
- Wildlife DivisionMichigan DNRMarquetteMichigan
| | - Jerrold Belant
- Camp Fire Program in Wildlife Conservation, College of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNew York
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31
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Hamilton CD, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C. Individual variability in diving, movement and activity patterns of adult bearded seals in Svalbard, Norway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16988. [PMID: 30451906 PMCID: PMC6242851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bearded seals are one of the least studied Arctic marine mammals, despite their circumpolar distribution and importance as a resource to Inuit communities. In this study, adult bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) were equipped with GPS-Argos-CTD-SRDLs in Svalbard, Norway (2011-2012, n = 7) to document their diving, activity and movement patterns in a region where their habitat is changing rapidly. Five seals transmitted for > 8 months, sending 21,738 GPS-positions and 17,866 dives between July and April. The seals spent little time hauled out (≤ 5%). Diving, which occupied 74 ± 3% of their time, was generally shallow (24 ± 7 m, max: 391 m) and of short duration (6.6 ± 1.5 min, max: 24 min) with deeper, longer dives in winter/spring compared to summer. All seals occupied shallow, coastal areas and relatively small 50% home ranges (10-32 km2). However, individuals exhibited high degrees of specialization in their habitat use and diving behaviour, differing markedly with respect to proportions of benthic vs pelagic dives (range: 51-95% benthic dives), distance to glacier fronts (range: 3-22 km) and in the time spent at the bottom of dives (range: 43-77%). Having specialized strategies within a generalist population may help bearded seals adapt in a rapidly changing Arctic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kit M Kovacs
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
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32
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Wato YA, Prins HHT, Heitkönig IMA, Wahungu GM, Ngene SM, Njumbi S, van Langevelde F. Movement Patterns of African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in a Semi-arid Savanna Suggest That They Have Information on the Location of Dispersed Water Sources. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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33
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Delciellos AC, Prevedello JA, Ribeiro SE, Cerqueira R, Vieira MV. Negative or positive density-dependence in movements depends on climatic seasons: The case of a Neotropical marsupial. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Delciellos
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Jayme Augusto Prevedello
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagens; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Suzy Emidio Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Rui Cerqueira
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Vieira
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
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34
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4D Time Density of Trajectories: Discovering Spatiotemporal Patterns in Movement Data. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi7060212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Briscoe DK, Fossette S, Scales KL, Hazen EL, Bograd SJ, Maxwell SM, McHuron EA, Robinson PW, Kuhn C, Costa DP, Crowder LB, Lewison RL. Characterizing habitat suitability for a central-place forager in a dynamic marine environment. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2788-2801. [PMID: 29531695 PMCID: PMC5838083 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing habitat suitability for a marine predator requires an understanding of the environmental heterogeneity and variability over the range in which a population moves during a particular life cycle. Female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are central-place foragers and are particularly constrained while provisioning their young. During this time, habitat selection is a function of prey availability and proximity to the rookery, which has important implications for reproductive and population success. We explore how lactating females may select habitat and respond to environmental variability over broad spatial and temporal scales within the California Current System. We combine near-real-time remotely sensed satellite oceanography, animal tracking data (n = 72) from November to February over multiple years (2003-2009) and Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) to determine the probability of sea lion occurrence based on environmental covariates. Results indicate that sea lion presence is associated with cool (<14°C), productive waters, shallow depths, increased eddy activity, and positive sea-level anomalies. Predictive habitat maps generated from these biophysical associations suggest winter foraging areas are spatially consistent in the nearshore and offshore environments, except during the 2004-2005 winter, which coincided with an El Niño event. Here, we show how a species distribution model can provide broadscale information on the distribution of female California sea lions during an important life history stage and its implications for population dynamics and spatial management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K. Briscoe
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
| | - Sabrina Fossette
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Department of Parks and WildlifeKensingtonWAAustralia
| | - Kylie L. Scales
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
- University of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydoreQldAustralia
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Sara M. Maxwell
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
- Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. McHuron
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Patrick W. Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Carey Kuhn
- Marine Mammal LaboratoryAlaska Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSeattleWAUSA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
- Center for Ocean SolutionsStanford UniversityMontereyCAUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring & ManagementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
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36
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Mizumoto N, Abe MS, Dobata S. Optimizing mating encounters by sexually dimorphic movements. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0086. [PMID: 28490601 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms with sexual reproduction undergo a process of mating, which essentially involves the encounter of two individuals belonging to different sexes. During mate search, both sexes should mutually optimize their encounters, thus raising a question of how they achieve this. Here, we show that a population with sexually dimorphic movement patterns achieves the highest individual mating success under a limited lifespan. Extensive simulations found and analytical approximations corroborated the existence of conditions under which sexual dimorphism in the movement patterns (i.e. how diffusively they move) is advantageous over sexual monomorphism. Mutual searchers with limited lifespans need to balance the speed and accuracy of finding their mates, and dimorphic movements can solve this trade-off. We further demonstrate that the sexual dimorphism can evolve from an initial sexually monomorphic population. Our results emphasize the importance of considering mutual optimization in problems of random search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Mizumoto
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masato S Abe
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan .,ERATO Kawarabayashi Large Graph Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan
| | - Shigeto Dobata
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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37
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Liukkonen L, Ayllón D, Kunnasranta M, Niemi M, Nabe-Nielsen J, Grimm V, Nyman AM. Modelling movements of Saimaa ringed seals using an individual-based approach. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Wheat RE, Lewis SB, Wang Y, Levi T, Wilmers CC. To migrate, stay put, or wander? Varied movement strategies in bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus). MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2017; 5:9. [PMID: 28484599 PMCID: PMC5418703 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-017-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying individual variability in movement behavior is critical to understanding population-level patterns in animals. Here, we explore intraspecific variation in movement strategies of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the north Pacific, where there is high spatiotemporal resource variability. We tracked 28 bald eagles (five immature, 23 adult) using GPS transmitters between May 2010 and January 2016. RESULTS We found evidence of four movement strategies among bald eagles in southeastern Alaska and western Canada: breeding individuals that were largely sedentary and remained near nest sites year-round, non-breeding migratory individuals that made regular seasonal travel between northern summer and southern winter ranges, non-breeding localized individuals that displayed fidelity to foraging sites, and non-breeding nomadic individuals with irregular movement. On average, males traveled farther per day than females. Most nomadic individuals were immature, and all residential individuals (i.e. breeders and localized birds) were adults. CONCLUSIONS Alternative movement strategies among north Pacific eagles are likely associated with the age and sex class, as well as breeding status, of an individual. Intraspecific variation in movement strategies within the population results in different space use patterns among contingents, which has important implications for conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Wheat
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Stephen B. Lewis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 3000 Vintage Blvd., Suite 201, Juneau, AK 99801 USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, 524 Valley Way, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Christopher C. Wilmers
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
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39
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Quick NJ, Isojunno S, Sadykova D, Bowers M, Nowacek DP, Read AJ. Hidden Markov models reveal complexity in the diving behaviour of short-finned pilot whales. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45765. [PMID: 28361954 PMCID: PMC5374633 DOI: 10.1038/srep45765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diving behaviour of short-finned pilot whales is often described by two states; deep foraging and shallow, non-foraging dives. However, this simple classification system ignores much of the variation that occurs during subsurface periods. We used multi-state hidden Markov models (HMM) to characterize states of diving behaviour and the transitions between states in short-finned pilot whales. We used three parameters (number of buzzes, maximum dive depth and duration) measured in 259 dives by digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) deployed on 20 individual whales off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA. The HMM identified a four-state model as the best descriptor of diving behaviour. The state-dependent distributions for the diving parameters showed variation between states, indicative of different diving behaviours. Transition probabilities were considerably higher for state persistence than state switching, indicating that dive types occurred in bouts. Our results indicate that subsurface behaviour in short-finned pilot whales is more complex than a simple dichotomy of deep and shallow diving states, and labelling all subsurface behaviour as deep dives or shallow dives discounts a significant amount of important variation. We discuss potential drivers of these patterns, including variation in foraging success, prey availability and selection, bathymetry, physiological constraints and socially mediated behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Quick
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
| | - Saana Isojunno
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Bute Building, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS UK
| | - Dina Sadykova
- Zoology School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Matthew Bowers
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
| | - Douglas P Nowacek
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Andrew J Read
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
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40
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Stark DJ, Vaughan IP, Ramirez Saldivar DA, Nathan SKSS, Goossens B. Evaluating methods for estimating home ranges using GPS collars: A comparison using proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174891. [PMID: 28362872 PMCID: PMC5376085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of GPS tags for tracking wildlife has revolutionised the study of home ranges, habitat use and behaviour. Concomitantly, there have been rapid developments in methods for estimating habitat use from GPS data. In combination, these changes can cause challenges in choosing the best methods for estimating home ranges. In primatology, this issue has received little attention, as there have been few GPS collar-based studies to date. However, as advancing technology is making collaring studies more feasible, there is a need for the analysis to advance alongside the technology. Here, using a high quality GPS collaring data set from 10 proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), we aimed to: 1) compare home range estimates from the most commonly used method in primatology, the grid-cell method, with three recent methods designed for large and/or temporally correlated GPS data sets; 2) evaluate how well these methods identify known physical barriers (e.g. rivers); and 3) test the robustness of the different methods to data containing either less frequent or random losses of GPS fixes. Biased random bridges had the best overall performance, combining a high level of agreement between the raw data and estimated utilisation distribution with a relatively low sensitivity to reduced fixed frequency or loss of data. It estimated the home range of proboscis monkeys to be 24-165 ha (mean 80.89 ha). The grid-cell method and approaches based on local convex hulls had some advantages including simplicity and excellent barrier identification, respectively, but lower overall performance. With the most suitable model, or combination of models, it is possible to understand more fully the patterns, causes, and potential consequences that disturbances could have on an animal, and accordingly be used to assist in the management and restoration of degraded landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica J. Stark
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ian P. Vaughan
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Senthilvel K. S. S. Nathan
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Breeding success of a marine central place forager in the context of climate change: A modeling approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173797. [PMID: 28355282 PMCID: PMC5371308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to climate warming, a southward shift in productive frontal systems serving as the main foraging sites for many top predator species is likely to occur in Subantarctic areas. Central place foragers, such as seabirds and pinnipeds, are thus likely to cope with an increase in the distance between foraging locations and their land-based breeding colonies. Understanding how central place foragers should modify their foraging behavior in response to changes in prey accessibility appears crucial. A spatially explicit individual-based simulation model (Marine Central Place Forager Simulator (MarCPFS)), including bio-energetic components, was built to evaluate effects of possible changes in prey resources accessibility on individual performances and breeding success. The study was calibrated on a particular example: the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), which alternates between oceanic areas in which females feed and the land-based colony in which they suckle their young over a 120 days rearing period. Our model shows the importance of the distance covered to feed and prey aggregation which appeared to be key factors to which animals are highly sensitive. Memorization and learning abilities also appear to be essential breeding success traits. Females were found to be most successful for intermediate levels of prey aggregation and short distance to the resource, resulting in optimal female body length. Increased distance to resources due to climate warming should hinder pups’ growth and survival while female body length should increase.
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Schultz CB, Pe'er BG, Damiani C, Brown L, Crone EE. Does movement behaviour predict population densities? A test with 25 butterfly species. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:384-393. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl B. Schultz
- Washington State University; School of Biological Sciences; Vancouver WA 98686 USA
| | - B. Guy Pe'er
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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Lai S, Bêty J, Berteaux D. Movement tactics of a mobile predator in a meta-ecosystem with fluctuating resources: the arctic fox in the High Arctic. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lai
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science; Univ. du Québec à Rimouski; 300 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Joël Bêty
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science; Univ. du Québec à Rimouski; 300 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science; Univ. du Québec à Rimouski; 300 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada
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Allen AM, Månsson J, Sand H, Malmsten J, Ericsson G, Singh NJ. Scaling up movements: from individual space use to population patterns. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐90183 Umeå Sweden
| | - Johan Månsson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐73091 Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Håkan Sand
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐73091 Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Jonas Malmsten
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases National Veterinary Institute (SVA) SE‐75189 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Göran Ericsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐90183 Umeå Sweden
| | - Navinder J. Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐90183 Umeå Sweden
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Spiegel O, Leu ST, Sih A, Godfrey SS, Bull CM. When the going gets tough: behavioural type-dependent space use in the sleepy lizard changes as the season dries. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1768. [PMID: 26609082 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding space use remains a major challenge for animal ecology, with implications for species interactions, disease spread, and conservation. Behavioural type (BT) may shape the space use of individuals within animal populations. Bolder or more aggressive individuals tend to be more exploratory and disperse further. Yet, to date we have limited knowledge on how space use other than dispersal depends on BT. To address this question we studied BT-dependent space-use patterns of sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) in southern Australia. We combined high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) tracking of 72 free-ranging lizards with repeated behavioural assays, and with a survey of the spatial distributions of their food and refuge resources. Bayesian generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed that lizards responded to the spatial distribution of resources at the neighbourhood scale and to the intensity of space use by other conspecifics (showing apparent conspecific avoidance). BT (especially aggressiveness) affected space use by lizards and their response to ecological and social factors, in a seasonally dependent manner. Many of these effects and interactions were stronger later in the season when food became scarce and environmental conditions got tougher. For example, refuge and food availability became more important later in the season and unaggressive lizards were more responsive to these predictors. These findings highlight a commonly overlooked source of heterogeneity in animal space use and improve our mechanistic understanding of processes leading to behaviourally driven disease dynamics and social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orr Spiegel
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephan T Leu
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie S Godfrey
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Michael Bull
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Towner AV, Leos‐Barajas V, Langrock R, Schick RS, Smale MJ, Kaschke T, Jewell OJD, Papastamatiou YP. Sex‐specific and individual preferences for hunting strategies in white sharks. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison V. Towner
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science Rhodes University PO Box 94 Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
- Dyer Island Conservation Trust Geelbek Street PO Box 78 Keinbaai South Africa
| | | | - Roland Langrock
- Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling and School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9LZ UK
- Department of Business Administration and Economics Bielefeld University PO Box 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Robert S. Schick
- Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling and School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9LZ UK
| | - Malcolm J. Smale
- Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld PO Box 13147 Humewood 6013 South Africa
- Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University PO Box 77000 Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Tami Kaschke
- Dyer Island Conservation Trust Geelbek Street PO Box 78 Keinbaai South Africa
- Department of Management University of Nebraska Lincoln NEUSA
| | - Oliver J. D. Jewell
- Dyer Island Conservation Trust Geelbek Street PO Box 78 Keinbaai South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Private Bag X20 Hatfield Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Spatial Ecology Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) Yerseke 4401 NT The Netherlands
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Fortin G, Blouin-Demers G, Dubois Y. Landscape composition weakly affects home range size in Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/19-3-3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Baker LL, Mills Flemming JE, Jonsen ID, Lidgard DC, Iverson SJ, Bowen WD. A novel approach to quantifying the spatiotemporal behavior of instrumented grey seals used to sample the environment. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2015; 3:20. [PMID: 26213626 PMCID: PMC4514985 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired with satellite location telemetry, animal-borne instruments can collect spatiotemporal data describing the animal's movement and environment at a scale relevant to its behavior. Ecologists have developed methods for identifying the area(s) used by an animal (e.g., home range) and those used most intensely (utilization distribution) based on location data. However, few have extended these models beyond their traditional roles as descriptive 2D summaries of point data. Here we demonstrate how the home range method, T-LoCoH, can be expanded to quantify collective sampling coverage by multiple instrumented animals using grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) equipped with GPS tags and acoustic transceivers on the Scotian Shelf (Atlantic Canada) as a case study. At the individual level, we illustrate how time and space-use metrics quantifying individual sampling coverage may be used to determine the rate of acoustic transmissions received. RESULTS Grey seals collectively sampled an area of 11,308 km (2) and intensely sampled an area of 31 km (2) from June-December. The largest area sampled was in July (2094.56 km (2)) and the smallest area sampled occurred in August (1259.80 km (2)), with changes in sampling coverage observed through time. CONCLUSIONS T-LoCoH provides an effective means to quantify changes in collective sampling effort by multiple instrumented animals and to compare these changes across time. We also illustrate how time and space-use metrics of individual instrumented seal movement calculated using T-LoCoH can be used to account for differences in the amount of time a bioprobe (biological sampling platform) spends in an area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L Baker
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | | | - Ian D Jonsen
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Damian C Lidgard
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Sara J Iverson
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - W Don Bowen
- />Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2 Canada
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50
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Hui TCY, Gryba R, Gregr EJ, Trites AW. Assessment of Competition between Fisheries and Steller Sea Lions in Alaska Based on Estimated Prey Biomass, Fisheries Removals and Predator Foraging Behaviour. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123786. [PMID: 25950178 PMCID: PMC4424003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A leading hypothesis to explain the dramatic decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in western Alaska during the latter part of the 20th century is a change in prey availability due to commercial fisheries. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the relationships between sea lion population trends, fishery catches, and the prey biomass accessible to sea lions around 33 rookeries between 2000 and 2008. We focused on three commercially important species that have dominated the sea lion diet during the population decline: walleye pollock, Pacific cod and Atka mackerel. We estimated available prey biomass by removing fishery catches from predicted prey biomass distributions in the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska; and modelled the likelihood of sea lions foraging at different distances from rookeries (accessibility) using satellite telemetry locations of tracked animals. We combined this accessibility model with the prey distributions to estimate the prey biomass accessible to sea lions by rookery. For each rookery, we compared sea lion population change to accessible prey biomass. Of 304 comparisons, we found 3 statistically significant relationships, all suggesting that sea lion populations increased with increasing prey accessibility. Given that the majority of comparisons showed no significant effect, it seems unlikely that the availability of pollock, cod or Atka mackerel was limiting sea lion populations in the 2000s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha C. Y. Hui
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Rowenna Gryba
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Edward J. Gregr
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Andrew W. Trites
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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