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Swensen SM, Gomez AM, Piasecki-Masters C, Chime N, Wine AR, Rodriguez NC, Conklin J, Melcher PJ. Minimal impacts of invasive Scaevola taccada on Scaevola plumieri via pollinator competition in Puerto Rico. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1281797. [PMID: 38332769 PMCID: PMC10850390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1281797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Scaevola taccada and Scaevola plumieri co-occur on shorelines of the Caribbean. Scaevola taccada is introduced in this habitat and directly competes with native dune vegetation, including S. plumieri, a species listed as locally endangered and threatened in Caribbean locations. This study addresses whether the invasive S. taccada also impacts the native S. plumieri indirectly by competing for pollinators and represents the first comparative study of insect visitation between these species. Methods Insect visitation rates were measured at sites where species co-occur and where only the native occurs. Where species cooccur, insect visitors were captured, identified and analyzed for the pollen they carry. Pollen found on open-pollinated flowers was analyzed to assess pollen movement between the two species. We also compared floral nectar from each species by measuring volume, sugar content, and presence and proportions of amine group containing constituents (AGCCs). Results Our results demonstrate that both species share insect visitors providing the context for possible pollinator competition, yet significant differences in visitation frequency were not found. We found evidence of asymmetrical heterospecific pollen deposition in the native species, suggesting a possible reproductive impact. Insect visitation rates for the native were not significantly different between invaded and uninvaded sites, suggesting that the invasive S. taccada does not limit pollinator visits to S. plumieri. Comparisons of nectar rewards from the invasive and the native reveal similar volumes and sugar concentrations, but significant differences in some amine group containing constituents that may enhance pollinator attraction. Conclusion Our analysis finds no evidence for pollination competition and therefore S. taccada's main impacts on S. plumieri are through competitive displacement and possibly through reproductive impacts as a consequence of heterospecific pollen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Swensen
- Department of Biology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, United States
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2
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Dritz S, Nelson RA, Valdovinos FS. The role of intra-guild indirect interactions in assembling plant-pollinator networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5797. [PMID: 37723167 PMCID: PMC10507117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the assembly of plant-pollinator communities has become critical to their conservation given the rise of species invasions, extirpations, and species' range shifts. Over the course of assembly, colonizer establishment produces core interaction patterns, called motifs, which shape the trajectory of assembling network structure. Dynamic assembly models can advance our understanding of this process by linking the transient dynamics of colonizer establishment to long-term network development. In this study, we investigate the role of intra-guild indirect interactions and adaptive foraging in shaping the structure of assembling plant-pollinator networks by developing: 1) an assembly model that includes population dynamics and adaptive foraging, and 2) a motif analysis tracking the intra-guild indirect interactions of colonizing species throughout their establishment. We find that while colonizers leverage indirect competition for shared mutualistic resources to establish, adaptive foraging maintains the persistence of inferior competitors. This produces core motifs in which specialist and generalist species coexist on shared mutualistic resources which leads to the emergence of nested networks. Further, the persistence of specialists develops richer and less connected networks which is consistent with empirical data. Our work contributes new understanding and methods to study the effects of species' intra-guild indirect interactions on community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dritz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, 350 East Quad, Davis, CA, 945616, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Nelson
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, 350 East Quad, Davis, CA, 945616, USA
| | - Fernanda S Valdovinos
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, 350 East Quad, Davis, CA, 945616, USA.
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3
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Emer C, Memmott J. Intraspecific variation of invaded pollination networks – the role of pollen-transport, pollen-transfer and different levels of biological organization. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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4
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Ballarin CS, Hachuy‐Filho L, Doria MJW, Giffu MM, Polizello DS, Oliveira PH, Lacerda‐Barbosa PA, Amorim FW. Intra‐seasonal and daily variations in nectar availability affect bee assemblage in a monodominant afforested Brazilian Cerrado. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caio S. Ballarin
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Leandro Hachuy‐Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia W. Doria
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Murilo M. Giffu
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Diego S. Polizello
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Pablo H. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Pedro A. Lacerda‐Barbosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Felipe W. Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
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Bain JA, Dickson RG, Gruver AM, CaraDonna PJ. Removing flowers of a generalist plant changes pollinator visitation, composition, and interaction network structure. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Bain
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
| | - Rachel G. Dickson
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Andrea M. Gruver
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Paul J. CaraDonna
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
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6
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Sakata Y, Ueyama S. Different effects of two exotic herbivores on the pollinator‐mediated effect of an exotic plant on a native plant. POPUL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzu Sakata
- Department of Biological Environment Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan
| | - Shiho Ueyama
- Department of Biological Environment Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan
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7
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Leimberger KG, Dalsgaard B, Tobias JA, Wolf C, Betts MG. The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:923-959. [PMID: 35029017 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecological co-dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms, and more than 7000 plant species rely on hummingbirds for pollination. However, threats to hummingbirds are mounting, with 10% of 366 species considered globally threatened and 60% in decline. Despite the important ecological implications of these population declines, no recent review has examined plant-hummingbird interactions in the wider context of their evolution, ecology, and conservation. To provide this overview, we (i) assess the extent to which plants and hummingbirds have coevolved over millions of years, (ii) examine the mechanisms underlying plant-hummingbird interaction frequencies and hummingbird specialization, (iii) explore the factors driving the decline of hummingbird populations, and (iv) map out directions for future research and conservation. We find that, despite close associations between plants and hummingbirds, acquiring evidence for coevolution (versus one-sided adaptation) is difficult because data on fitness outcomes for both partners are required. Thus, linking plant-hummingbird interactions to plant reproduction is not only a major avenue for future coevolutionary work, but also for studies of interaction networks, which rarely incorporate pollinator effectiveness. Nevertheless, over the past decade, a growing body of literature on plant-hummingbird networks suggests that hummingbirds form relationships with plants primarily based on overlapping phenologies and trait-matching between bill length and flower length. On the other hand, species-level specialization appears to depend primarily on local community context, such as hummingbird abundance and nectar availability. Finally, although hummingbirds are commonly viewed as resilient opportunists that thrive in brushy habitats, we find that range size and forest dependency are key predictors of hummingbird extinction risk. A critical direction for future research is to examine how potential stressors - such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and introduction of non-native plants - may interact to affect hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G Leimberger
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Christopher Wolf
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
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8
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Do not come late to the party: initial success of nonnative species is contingent on timing of arrival of co-occurring nonnatives. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Pollination success increases with plant diversity in high-Andean communities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22107. [PMID: 34764375 PMCID: PMC8586006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinator-mediated plant–plant interactions have traditionally been viewed within the competition paradigm. However, facilitation via pollinator sharing might be the rule rather than the exception in harsh environments. Moreover, plant diversity could be playing a key role in fostering pollinator-mediated facilitation. Yet, the facilitative effect of plant diversity on pollination remains poorly understood, especially under natural conditions. By examining a total of 9371 stigmas of 88 species from nine high-Andean communities in NW Patagonia, we explored the prevalent sign of the relation between conspecific pollen receipt and heterospecific pollen diversity, and assessed whether the incidence of different outcomes varies with altitude and whether pollen receipt relates to plant diversity. Conspecific pollen receipt increased with heterospecific pollen diversity on stigmas. In all communities, species showed either positive or neutral but never negative relations between the number of heterospecific pollen donor species and conspecific pollen receipt. The incidence of species showing positive relations increased with altitude. Finally, stigmas collected from communities with more co-flowering species had richer heterospecific pollen loads and higher abundance of conspecific pollen grains. Our findings suggest that plant diversity enhances pollination success in high-Andean plant communities. This study emphasizes the importance of plant diversity in fostering indirect plant–plant facilitative interactions in alpine environments, which could promote species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance.
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10
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Zhang X, Yu H, Lv T, Yang L, Liu C, Fan S, Yu D. Effects of different scenarios of temperature rise and biological control agents on interactions between two noxious invasive plants. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake College of Ecology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Haihao Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake College of Ecology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Tian Lv
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake College of Ecology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lei Yang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake College of Ecology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake College of Ecology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Shufeng Fan
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake College of Ecology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Dan Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake College of Ecology Wuhan University Wuhan China
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11
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Debnam S, Liao H, Callaway RM. Indirect facilitation mediated by pollinators in intermountain prairie. COMMUNITY ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-021-00056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Fuccillo Battle K, de Rivera CE, Cruzan MB. The role of functional diversity and facilitation in small-scale pollinator habitat. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02355. [PMID: 33870597 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
People in urban and rural areas are planting habitat patches for pollinators in response to growing public awareness of the risks of pollinator declines; yet research rarely has been undertaken to inform the composition of such patches. Determining which key functional plant traits to prioritize and how plant-pollinator interaction dynamics operate in these small-scale, fragmented patches is critical to ensuring the efficacy of pollinator restoration efforts across landscapes. We established small-scale (2.5 m diameter) experimental patches and manipulated plant diversity and resource level (nectar) to determine the effects on pollinator abundance, pollinator diversity, and plant-pollinator facilitation-competition dynamics. Our results showed that in small-scale habitat, plant diversity and resource availability significantly affected the abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Specifically, the treatments that contained high-resource plant species increased pollinator abundance and diversity the most. Plant diversity increased pollinator diversity and abundance only in the absence of high-resource plants. Pollination facilitation was observed in high-resource treatments, but varied among plant species. Competition for pollinators was observed in high-diversity treatments but did not affect seed set for high-resource plants in any of the treatments. Our results suggest that managers or landowners planting small-scale pollinator habitat should prioritize including species with high nectar production, and secondarily, a diverse mix of species if space and resources allow. The protocols we used to monitor pollinators can be used by community science observers with limited training, expanding the potential for assessment of future pollinator habitat restoration projects. Shared research identifying features critical to effective restoration will help conserve plant-pollinator mutualisms across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerissa Fuccillo Battle
- Environmental Science and Resources, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
- Community Greenways Collaborative, Inc., 37 Happy Valley Road, Bearsville, New York, 12409, USA
| | - Catherine E de Rivera
- Environmental Science and Resources, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Mitchell B Cruzan
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
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13
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Unraveling the ecological and evolutionary impacts of a plant invader on the pollination of a native plant. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Herrera CM. Unclusterable, underdispersed arrangement of insect-pollinated plants in pollinator niche space. Ecology 2021; 102:e03327. [PMID: 33713352 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pollinators can mediate facilitative or competitive relationships between plant species, but the relative importance of these two conflicting phenomena in shaping community-wide pollinator resource use remains unexplored. This article examines the idea that the arrangement of large samples of plant species in Hutchinsonian pollinator niche space (n-dimensional hypervolume whose axes represent pollinator types) can help to evaluate the comparative importance of facilitation and competition as drivers of pollinator resource use at the community level. Pollinator composition data were gathered for insect-pollinated plants from the Sierra de Cazorla mountains (southeastern Spain), comprising ~95% of widely distributed insect-pollinated species. The following questions were addressed at regional (45 sites, 221 plant species) and local (1 site, 73 plant species) spatial scales: (1) Do plant species clusters occur in pollinator niche space? Four pollinator niche spaces differing in dimensionality were considered, the axes of which were defined by insect orders, families, genera, and species. (2) If all plant species form a single, indivisible cluster, are they overdispersed or underdispersed within the cluster relative to a random arrangement? "Clusterability" tests failed to reject the null hypothesis that there was only one pollinator-defined plant species cluster in pollinator niche space, irrespective of spatial scale, pollinator niche space, or pollinator importance measurement (proportions of pollinator individuals or flowers visited by each pollinator type). Observed means of interspecific dissimilarity in pollinator composition were smaller than randomly simulated values in the order-, family-, and genus-defined pollinator niche spaces. This finding revealed an underdispersed arrangement of plant species in each of these pollinator niche spaces. In the undisturbed montane habitats studied, arrangement of insect-pollinated plant species in the various niche spaces defined by pollinator composition did not support a major role for interspecific competition as a force shaping community-wide pollinator resource use by plants, but rather suggested a situation closer to the facilitation-dominated extreme in a hypothetical competition-facilitation gradient. Results also highlight the importance of investigations on complete or nearly complete insect-pollinated plant communities for suggesting and testing novel hypotheses on the ecology and evolution of plant-pollinator systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Herrera
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Americo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
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Cuadra-Valdés J, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Fontúrbel FE. An exotic magnet plant alters pollinator abundance and behavior: a field test with a native mistletoe. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Schöb C, Wang S, Chang S, Sun H. The positive effects of the alpine cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides on insect dynamics are determined by both physical and biotic factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143091. [PMID: 33213902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cushion plants' significant role for alpine biodiversity has been demonstrated in particular through their positive effects on plant diversity. However, their effects on higher trophic levels (e.g. insects) remain largely unclear. In this study, by field sampling in the Hengduan Mountains (HDM) in southwestern China, we evaluated the effects of an alpine gynodioecious cushion species, Arenaria polytrichoides (Carophyllaceae), on insect richness, abundance and population dynamics at two different elevations (4427 m vs. 4732 m) separately at two time periods (day vs. night) and in two growing seasons (early vs. late). The results showed that the total insect diversity decreases from low to high elevation sites. Some insect species were exclusively detected within A. polytrichoides cushions, leading to an increase in local insect richness from 7% to 35%. The positive effects of cushions on insect diversity could be attributed to unique biotic properties provided by cushions. Firstly, the effects were determined by the sexual dimorphism of the cushion with hermaphroditic cushions supporting higher insect diversity than female cushions. This could be because hermaphroditic cushions provide more resources, such as nectar and pollen grains, for insects than female cushions. Secondly, the cushions' associated beneficiary plants can also provide extra resources for attracting more insects, but this effect was mediated by the micro-environmental conditions. Finally, the magnitude of cushions' positive effects on insect dynamics were stronger under higher than under lower environmental stress. This study confirmed that facilitation by A. polytrichoides cushions in HDM plays an important role in constructing the alpine insect community and further regulating its dynamics. Moreover, the positive effects of cushions on insect dynamics increase with increasing environmental stress. Therefore, the distribution range of insects would quite possibly be expanded into higher elevation under future climate changes, which will induce new challenges for the local alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Christian Schöb
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Songwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Luo H, Xiao H, Liang Y, Liu N, Turner C, Tan S, Chen X, Xiong D, Yang B. Batesian mimicry in the nonrewarding saprophytic orchid Danxiaorchis yangii. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2524-2534. [PMID: 33767819 PMCID: PMC7981215 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Batesian mimicry, a type of deceptive pollination, is a complicated strategy used by nonrewarding plants to attract pollinators, but some hypotheses concerning this have not been systematically verified. In order to show in detail a case of Batesian mimicry on saprophytic orchid Danxiaorchis yangii, the ecological relationship between Danxiaorchis yangii, Lysimachia alfredi and Dufourea spp. was explored. Lysimachia alfredi could provide a reward to Dufourea sp., whereas Danxiaorchis yangii not. The floral morphology and geographical distribution of these two plants were highly overlapping, and the fruit set rate of Danxiaorchis yangii was significantly positively correlated with the number of nearby L. alfredi individuals. In a glass cylinder experiment, Danxiaorchis yangii and L. alfredi attracted Dufourea spp. through visual signals, but the insect could not distinguish between flowers of the two plants before landing on flowers. The ultraviolet reflection spectra of flowers between the two plant species were highly similar. In the hexagonal color models constructed according to the visual characteristics of bees, the flower color signals of these two plant species highly overlap, indicating that the visual signals of the flowers of the two plants to the pollinator were greatly similar. All of these results provided evidence that Danxiaorchis yangii simulated the visual signals of L. alfredi through Batesian mimicry, thereby deceptively attracting Dufourea spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huolin Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Hanwen Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Jiangxi Jiulianshan National Nature ReserveGanzhouChina
| | - Nannan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Cassidy Turner
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityScottsdaleAZUSA
| | - Shaolin Tan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xinghui Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Dongjin Xiong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Boyun Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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18
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Stewart PS, Hill RA, Stephens PA, Whittingham MJ, Dawson W. Impacts of invasive plants on animal behaviour. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:891-907. [PMID: 33524221 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The spread of invasive species is a threat to ecosystems worldwide. However, we know relatively little about how invasive species affect the behaviour of native animals, even though behaviour plays a vital role in the biotic interactions which are key to understanding the causes and impacts of biological invasions. Here, we explore how invasive plants - one of the most pervasive invasive taxa - impact the behaviour of native animals. To promote a mechanistic understanding of these behavioural impacts, we begin by introducing a mechanistic framework which explicitly considers the drivers and ecological consequences of behavioural change, as well as the moderating role of environmental context. We then synthesise the existing literature within this framework. We find that while some behavioural impacts of invasive plants are relatively well-covered in the literature, others are supported by only a handful of studies and should be explored further in the future. We conclude by identifying priority topics for future research, which will benefit from an interdisciplinary approach uniting invasion ecology with the study of animal behaviour and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Stewart
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Russell A Hill
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Mark J Whittingham
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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19
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Raath-Krüger MJ, Schöb C, McGeoch MA, le Roux PC. Interspecific facilitation mediates the outcome of intraspecific interactions across an elevational gradient. Ecology 2020; 102:e03200. [PMID: 32970842 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Where interspecific facilitation favors the establishment of high densities of a beneficiary species, strong intraspecific competition may subsequently impede beneficiary performance. Consequently, the negative influence of intraspecific competition between beneficiary individuals could potentially outweigh the positive influence of interspecific facilitation when, for example, higher densities of a beneficiary are negated by the negative effect of crowding on beneficiary reproduction. The aim of this study was, therefore, to examine the impact of an interspecific interaction on the outcome of intraspecific interactions within the context of plant-plant facilitation. We used the cushion-forming Azorella selago and a commonly co-occurring dominant perennial grass species, Agrostis magellanica, on sub-Antarctic Marion Island as a model system. We assessed the impact of an interspecific interaction (between A. selago and A. magellanica) on the outcome of intraspecific interactions (between A. magellanica individuals), by testing if the impact of A. magellanica density on A. magellanica performance is mediated by its interaction with A. selago. We observed evidence for competition among A. magellanica conspecifics, with a decreasing proportion of A. magellanica individuals being reproductive under higher conspecific density. This negative intraspecific effect was greater on A. selago than on the adjacent substrate, suggesting that the facilitative effect of A. selago changes the intensity of intraspecific interactions between A. magellanica individuals. However, experimentally reducing A. magellanica density did not affect the species' performance. We also observed that the effect of A. selago on A. magellanica was positive, and despite the negative effect of intraspecific density on the proportion of reproductive A. magellanica individuals, the net reproductive effort of A. magellanica (i.e., the density of reproductive individuals) was significantly greater on A. selago than on the adjacent substrate. These results highlight that, in abiotically severe environments, the positive effects of interspecific facilitation by a benefactor species may outweigh the negative effects of intraspecific competition among beneficiaries. More broadly, these results suggest that both positive inter- and intraspecific biotic interactions may be key to consider when examining spatial and temporal variation in species' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J Raath-Krüger
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.,Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Christian Schöb
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Melodie A McGeoch
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Natural Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Peter C le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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20
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Latty T, Trueblood JS. How do insects choose flowers? A review of multi-attribute flower choice and decoy effects in flower-visiting insects. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2750-2762. [PMID: 32961583 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding why animals (including humans) choose one thing over another is one of the key questions underlying the fields of behavioural ecology, behavioural economics and psychology. Most traditional studies of food choice in animals focus on simple, single-attribute decision tasks. However, animals in the wild are often faced with multi-attribute choice tasks where options in the choice set vary across multiple dimensions. Multi-attribute decision-making is particularly relevant for flower-visiting insects faced with deciding between flowers that may differ in reward attributes such as sugar concentration, nectar volume and pollen composition as well as non-rewarding attributes such as colour, symmetry and odour. How do flower-visiting insects deal with complex multi-attribute decision tasks? Here we review and synthesise research on the decision strategies used by flower-visiting insects when making multi-attribute decisions. In particular, we review how different types of foraging frameworks (classic optimal foraging theory, nutritional ecology, heuristics) conceptualise multi-attribute choice and we discuss how phenomena such as innate preferences, flower constancy and context dependence influence our understanding of flower choice. We find that multi-attribute decision-making is a complex process that can be influenced by innate preferences, flower constancy, the composition of the choice set and economic reward value. We argue that to understand and predict flower choice in flower-visiting insects, we need to move beyond simplified choice sets towards a view of multi-attribute choice which integrates the role of non-rewarding attributes and which includes flower constancy, innate preferences and context dependence. We further caution that behavioural experiments need to consider the possibility of context dependence in the design and interpretation of preference experiments. We conclude with a discussion of outstanding questions for future research. We also present a conceptual framework that incorporates the multiple dimensions of choice behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Latty
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Corcos D, Cappellari A, Mei M, Paniccia D, Cerretti P, Marini L. Contrasting effects of exotic plant invasions and managed honeybees on plant–flower visitor interactions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Corcos
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padua Legnaro, Padua Italy
| | - Andree Cappellari
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padua Legnaro, Padua Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Mei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | | | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padua Legnaro, Padua Italy
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22
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A mathematical model of kin selection in floral displays. J Theor Biol 2020; 509:110470. [PMID: 32966826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plants can adjust their competitive traits for acquiring resources in response to the relatedness of their neighbours. Recently, it has been found that plants can alter their investment in traits of attracting pollinators based on kin-interaction. We build a mathematical model to study the optimal floral display to attract pollinators in a patch with kin structure. We show that when plants can attract pollinators to a whole patch through the magnet effect, the floral display should increase with the increasing relatedness of the plants in the patch. Our model also indicates that increasing investment into attracting pollinators is a form of altruism, reducing a plant's own seed production but increasing the contribution of other plants to its fitness. We also predict that seed production should increase with increasing relatedness in the patch. Our model provides the explicit conditions when resource allocation to attract pollinators in response to neighbour relatedness can be favoured by kin selection, and a possible mechanism for the plants to deal with the consequent loss of pollinator diversity and abundance.
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23
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Johnson B, Standish R, Hobbs R. Non-native plants and nitrogen addition have little effect on pollination and seed set in 3-year-old restored woodland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Western Australia; c/o ERIE M090, 35 Stirling Highway Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Rachel Standish
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Richard Hobbs
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Western Australia; c/o ERIE M090, 35 Stirling Highway Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia
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24
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Agüero JI, Pérez-Méndez N, Torretta JP, Garibaldi LA. Impact of Invasive Bees on Plant-Pollinator Interactions and Reproductive Success of Plant Species in Mixed Nothofagus antarctica Forests. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:557-567. [PMID: 32734552 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive social bees can alter plant-pollinator interactions with detrimental effects on both partners. However, most studies have focused on one invasive bee species, while the interactions among two or more species remain poorly understood. Also, many study sites had a history of invasive bees, being hard to find sites with historical low abundances. In Patagonia, Bombus ruderatus (F.) invasion begun in 1993 and B. terrestris (L.) in 2006. Though honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) introduction started in 1859, their density is still low in some parts. By experimentally increasing honey bee densities, we evaluated the effect of honey bees and bumblebees floral visitation on native pollinator floral visitation, pollen deposition, and reproductive success of three plant species in mixed Nothofagus antarctica forests of northern Patagonia: Oxalis valdiviensis, Mutisia spinosa and Cirsium vulgare. Our results show that exotic bees became the main floral visitors. No negative association was found between invasive bee and native pollinator visitation rates, but there was evidence of potential competition between honey bees and bumblebees. Floral neighborhood diversity played an important role in pollinator behavior. Conspecific pollen deposition was high for all species, while deposition of heterospecific pollen was very high in M. spinosa and C. vulgare. Not as expected, honey bees visitation rate had a negative effect on heterospecific pollen deposition in C. vulgare. For O. valdiviensis, exotic visitation rates increased conspecific pollen deposition, which was positively related to reproductive success. Although exotic bees became main floral visitors, their contribution to reproductive success was only clear for one species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Agüero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - N Pérez-Méndez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IRTA, Estació Experimental de l'Ebre, Ctra. Balada Km 1, Amposta, Spain
| | - J P Torretta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Sede Andina, Univ. Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN), Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Río Negro, Argentina
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25
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Molina‐Montenegro MA, Baldelomar M, Atala C, Torres‐Díaz C. A tradeoff between fitness‐related traits mask facilitation in a semiarid ecosystem. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Molina‐Montenegro
- Inst. de Ciencias Biológicas, Univ. de Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n Talca Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte Coquimbo Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Univ. Católica del Maule Talca Chile
| | - Mariela Baldelomar
- Inst. de Ciencias Biológicas, Univ. de Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n Talca Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Inst. de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Univ. Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile
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26
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Hernández‐Castellano C, Rodrigo A, Gómez JM, Stefanescu C, Calleja JA, Reverté S, Bosch J. A new native plant in the neighborhood: effects on plant–pollinator networks, pollination, and plant reproductive success. Ecology 2020; 101:e03046. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anselm Rodrigo
- CREAF E08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona E08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
| | - José María Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA‐CSIC) ES‐04120 Almería Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF E08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers E08400 Granollers Catalonia Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Calleja
- CREAF E08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad de Botánica) Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid E28049 Madrid Spain
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27
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Herrera CM. Flower traits, habitat, and phylogeny as predictors of pollinator service: a plant community perspective. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Herrera
- Estación Biológica de Doñana Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida Americo Vespucio 26 E‐41092 Sevilla Spain
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28
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Daniels JD, Arceo-Gómez G. Effects of invasive Cirsium arvense on pollination in a southern Appalachian floral community vary with spatial scale and floral symmetry. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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van den Bosch K, van Noort S, Cron GV. Predation of fruit and seed of Aloe pretoriensis
- A little known effect on reproductive output in aloes. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee van den Bosch
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 South Africa
| | - Simon van Noort
- Research and Exhibitions Department; South African Museum; Iziko Museums of South Africa; Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Glynis V. Cron
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 South Africa
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30
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Goodell K, Parker IM. Invasion of a dominant floral resource: effects on the floral community and pollination of native plants. Ecology 2018; 98:57-69. [PMID: 28052387 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Through competition for pollinators, invasive plants may suppress native flora. Community-level studies provide an integrative assessment of invasion impacts and insights into factors that influence the vulnerability of different native species. We investigated effects of the nonnative herb Lythrum salicaria on pollination of native species in 14 fens of the eastern United States. We compared visitors per flower for 122 native plant species in invaded and uninvaded fens and incorporated a landscape-scale experiment, removing L. salicaria flowers from three of the invaded fens. Total flower densities were more than three times higher in invaded than uninvaded or removal sites when L. salicaria was blooming. Despite an increase in number of visitors with number of flowers per area, visitors per native flower declined with increasing numbers of flowers. Therefore, L. salicaria invasion depressed visitation to native flowers. In removal sites, visitation to native flowers was similar to uninvaded sites, confirming the observational results and also suggesting that invasion had not generated a persistent build-up of visitor populations. To study species-level impacts, we examined effects of invasion on visitors per flower for the 36 plant species flowering in both invaded and uninvaded fens. On average, the effect of invasion represented about a 20% reduction in visits per flower. We measured the influence of plant traits on vulnerability to L. salicaria invasion using meta-analysis. Bilaterally symmetrical flowers experienced stronger impacts on visitation, and similarity in flower color to L. salicaria weakly intensified competition with the invader for visitors. Finally, we assessed the reproductive consequences of competition with the invader in a dominant flowering shrub, Dasiphora fruticosa. Despite the negative effect of invasion on pollinator visitation in this species, pollen limitation of seed production was not stronger in invaded than in uninvaded sites, suggesting little impact of competition for pollinators on its population demography. Negative effects on pollination of native plants by this copiously flowering invader appeared to be mediated by increases in total flower density that were not matched by increases in pollinator density. The strength of impact was modulated across native species by their floral traits and reproductive ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Goodell
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Newark, Ohio, 43055, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
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31
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Sheppard CS, Carboni M, Essl F, Seebens H, Thuiller W. It takes one to know one: Similarity to resident alien species increases establishment success of new invaders. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marta Carboni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; CNRS; UMR 5553; Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA); Grenoble France
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology; University of Vienna; Wien Austria
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; CNRS; UMR 5553; Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA); Grenoble France
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32
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Medel R, González-Browne C, Fontúrbel FE. Pollination in the Chilean Mediterranean-type ecosystem: a review of current advances and pending tasks. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20 Suppl 1:89-99. [PMID: 29024390 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature published on plant-pollinator interactions, from both the plant and pollinator perspective, in the Chilean Mediterranean-type ecosystem (MTE hereafter). Our search identified 69 published papers on 235 native plant species from 62 families. Less than 7.9% of the flowering species inhabiting the Chilean Mediterranean have been studied, and most studies were restricted to only one locality and one reproductive season. The geographic location of the studies differed from a random pattern, showing two well-defined areas where most studies were conducted. Likewise, most studies in the Andes Range were performed above 2000 m a.s.l. The number of species of flower visitor per plant species was low (4.25 ± 0.22), which probably results from the historical and biogeographic isolation of Chile. This literature survey shows that studies relating floral traits with pollinator attraction and plant reproduction are the most frequent topics of research, reaching 37.6% of studies, followed by studies that examine pollination in relation to human impact (16.1%), micro- and macroevolution (14.0%), relationships between pollination and other ecological interactions (10.8%), community and network assessments (11.8%), and effects of abiotic variables on pollination interactions (9.7%). Our review highlights a lack of research on the effects of pollination for anthropogenic land use especially as agricultural practice is one of the most salient features of the Chilean MTE. Future directions to increase our understanding of the role of plant-pollinator relationships for biodiversity maintenance should include: to extend the taxonomic and geographic scope of research, to increase the number of spatial and temporal replicates, to increase the number of studies on pollination networks as they provide estimates of community complexity and putative stability, to develop studies that estimate the importance of pollination for plant demographic parameters and conservation, and to conduct studies that estimate the ecological service provided by Chilean native pollinators for crop yield and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Medel
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C González-Browne
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F E Fontúrbel
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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33
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Vitória RS, Vizentin-Bugoni J, D. S. Duarte L. Evolutionary history as a driver of ecological networks: a case study of plant-hummingbird interactions. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Silveira Vitória
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15007, Porto Alegre; RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Univ. Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
- Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Turner Hall; Urbana IL USA
| | - Leandro D. S. Duarte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Mesgaran MB, Bouhours J, Lewis MA, Cousens RD. How to be a good neighbour: Facilitation and competition between two co-flowering species. J Theor Biol 2017; 422:72-83. [PMID: 28419864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that co-flowering species can facilitate each other through shared pollinators. However, the extent to which one co-flowering species can relieve pollination limitation of another while simultaneously competing for abiotic resource has rarely been examined. Using a deterministic model we explored the demographic outcome for one ("focal") species of its co-occurrence with a species that shares pollinators and competes for both pollinator visitation and abiotic resources. In this paper we showed how the overall impact can be positive or negative, depending on the balance between enhanced fertilization versus increased competition. Our model could predict the density of co-flowering species that will maximize the pollination rate of the focal species by attracting pollinators. Because that density will also give rise to competitive effects, a lower density of co-flowering species is required for optimizing the trade-off between enhanced fertilization and competition so as to give the maximum possible facilitation of reproduction in the focal species. Results were qualitatively different when we considered attractiveness of the co-flowering species, as opposed to its density, because attractiveness, unlike density, had no effect on competition for abiotic resources. Whereas unattractive neighbours would not bring in pollinators, very attractive neighbours would captivate pollinators, not sharing them with the focal species. Thus optimal benefit to the focal species came at intermediate levels of attractiveness in the co-flowering species. This intermediate level of attractiveness in co-flowering species simultaneously maximized pollination and overall facilitation of reproduction for the focal species. The likelihood of facilitation was predicted to decline with the selfing rate of the focal species, revealing an indirect cost for an inbreeding mating system. Whether a co-flowering species can be facilitative depends on the way pollinators respond to the plant density: only a Type III functional response for visitation rate can result in facilitation. Our model provided both a conceptual framework and precise quantitative measures for determining the impacts of a neighbouring co-flowering species on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen B Mesgaran
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Juliette Bouhours
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 2G1 Canada
| | - Mark A Lewis
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 2G1 Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G2G1, Canada
| | - Roger D Cousens
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Montero‐Castaño A, Vilà M. Influence of the honeybee and trait similarity on the effect of a non‐native plant on pollination and network rewiring. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero‐Castaño
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
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Bruckman D, Campbell DR. Pollination of a native plant changes with distance and density of invasive plants in a simulated biological invasion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1458-1465. [PMID: 27539258 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Effects of an exotic plant on pollination may change as the invasive increases in density. Quantity of pollinator visits to a native may increase, decrease, or change nonlinearly, while visit quality is likely to decrease with greater interspecific pollen movement. How visit quantity and quality contribute to the effect on reproductive success at each invasion stage has not been measured. METHODS We simulated four stages of invasion by Brassica nigra by manipulating the neighborhood of potted plants of the native Phacelia parryi in a field experiment. Stages were far from the invasion, near the invasion, intermixed with the invasive at low density, and intermixed at high density. We measured pollinator visitation, conspecific and invasive pollen deposition, and seed set for P. parryi at each stage. KEY RESULTS Native individuals near invasive plants and within areas of low invasive density showed greatest seed production, as expected from concurrent changes in conspecific and invasive pollen deposition. Those plants experienced facilitation of visits and received more conspecific pollen relative to plants farther from invasives. Native individuals within high invasive density also received frequent visits by many pollinators (although not honeybees), but the larger receipt of invasive pollen predicted interference with pollen tubes that matched patterns in seed set. CONCLUSIONS Pollinator visitation was highest when exotic plants were nearby. Detrimental effects of heterospecific pollen deposition were highest at high exotic density. Our study quantified how reproduction benefits from near proximity to a showy invasive, but is still vulnerable when the invasive reaches high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bruckman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 USA
| | - Diane R Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 USA
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37
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Albrecht M, Ramis MR, Traveset A. Pollinator-mediated impacts of alien invasive plants on the pollination of native plants: the role of spatial scale and distinct behaviour among pollinator guilds. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Tur C, Sáez A, Traveset A, Aizen MA. Evaluating the effects of pollinator-mediated interactions using pollen transfer networks: evidence of widespread facilitation in south Andean plant communities. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:576-86. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Tur
- Cristina Tur. IMEDEA- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB); Miquel Marqués 21 07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
| | - A. Sáez
- Agustín Sáez. Laboratorio ECOTONO; INIBIOMA; UNComa. Pasaje Gutiérrez 1125 Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - A. Traveset
- Anna Traveset. IMEDEA- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB); Miquel Marqués 21 07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
| | - M. A. Aizen
- Marcelo A. Aizen. Laboratorio ECOTONO; INIBIOMA; UNComa. Pasaje Gutiérrez 1125 Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
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Emer C, Vaughan IP, Hiscock S, Memmott J. The Impact of the Invasive Alien Plant, Impatiens glandulifera, on Pollen Transfer Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143532. [PMID: 26633170 PMCID: PMC4669169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are a threat to the maintenance of ecological processes, including pollination. Plant-flower visitor networks are traditionally used as a surrogated for pollination at the community level, despite they do not represent the pollination process, which takes place at the stigma of plants where pollen grains are deposited. Here we investigated whether the invasion of the alien plant Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae) affects pollen transfer at the community level. We asked whether more alien pollen is deposited on the stigmas of plants on invaded sites, whether deposition is affected by stigma type (dry, semidry and wet) and whether the invasion of I. glandulifera changes the structure of the resulting pollen transfer networks. We sampled stigmas of plants on 10 sites invaded by I. glandulifera (hereafter, balsam) and 10 non-invaded control sites. All 20 networks had interactions with balsam pollen, although significantly more balsam pollen was found on plants with dry stigmas in invaded areas. Balsam pollen deposition was restricted to a small subset of plant species, which is surprising because pollinators are known to carry high loads of balsam pollen. Balsam invasion did not affect the loading of native pollen, nor did it affect pollen transfer network properties; networks were modular and poorly nested, both of which are likely to be related to the specificity of pollen transfer interactions. Our results indicate that pollination networks become more specialized when moving from the flower visitation to the level of pollen transfer networks. Therefore, caution is needed when inferring pollination from patterns of insect visitation or insect pollen loads as the relationship between these and pollen deposition is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Emer
- Bristol Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Ian P. Vaughan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hiscock
- Bristol Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The University of Oxford Botanic Garden, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Memmott
- Bristol Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Russo L, Nichol C, Shea K. Pollinator floral provisioning by a plant invader: quantifying beneficial effects of detrimental species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- 208 Mueller Laboratory Biology Department and the Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christina Nichol
- 208 Mueller Laboratory Biology Department and the Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Katriona Shea
- 208 Mueller Laboratory Biology Department and the Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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Feltham H, Park K, Minderman J, Goulson D. Experimental evidence that wildflower strips increase pollinator visits to crops. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3523-30. [PMID: 26380683 PMCID: PMC4569045 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild bees provide a free and potentially diverse ecosystem service to farmers growing pollination-dependent crops. While many crops benefit from insect pollination, soft fruit crops, including strawberries are highly dependent on this ecosystem service to produce viable fruit. However, as a result of intensive farming practices and declining pollinator populations, farmers are increasingly turning to commercially reared bees to ensure that crops are adequately pollinated throughout the season. Wildflower strips are a commonly used measure aimed at the conservation of wild pollinators. It has been suggested that commercial crops may also benefit from the presence of noncrop flowers; however, the efficacy and economic benefits of sowing flower strips for crops remain relatively unstudied. In a study system that utilizes both wild and commercial pollinators, we test whether wildflower strips increase the number of visits to adjacent commercial strawberry crops by pollinating insects. We quantified this by experimentally sowing wildflower strips approximately 20 meters away from the crop and recording the number of pollinator visits to crops with, and without, flower strips. Between June and August 2013, we walked 292 crop transects at six farms in Scotland, recording a total of 2826 pollinators. On average, the frequency of pollinator visits was 25% higher for crops with adjacent flower strips compared to those without, with a combination of wild and commercial bumblebees (Bombus spp.) accounting for 67% of all pollinators observed. This effect was independent of other confounding effects, such as the number of flowers on the crop, date, and temperature. Synthesis and applications. This study provides evidence that soft fruit farmers can increase the number of pollinators that visit their crops by sowing inexpensive flower seed mixes nearby. By investing in this management option, farmers have the potential to increase and sustain pollinator populations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Feltham
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Kirsty Park
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Jeroen Minderman
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
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42
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Montero-Castaño A, Vilà M. Direct and Indirect Influence of Non-Native Neighbours on Pollination and Fruit Production of a Native Plant. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128595. [PMID: 26110630 PMCID: PMC4482463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomophilous non-native plants can directly affect the pollination and reproductive success of native plant species and also indirectly, by altering the composition and abundance of floral resources in the invaded community. Separating direct from indirect effects is critical for understanding the mechanisms underlying the impacts of non-native species on recipient communities. Objectives Our aims are: (a) to explore both the direct effect of the non-native Hedysarum coronarium and its indirect effect, mediated by the alteration of floral diversity, on the pollinator visitation rate and fructification of the native Leopoldia comosa and (b) to distinguish whether the effects of the non-native species were due to its floral display or to its vegetative interactions. Methods We conducted field observations within a flower removal experimental setup (i.e. non-native species present, absent and with its inflorescences removed) at the neighbourhood scale. Results Our study illustrates the complexity of mechanisms involved in the impacts of non-native species on native species. Overall, Hedysarum increased pollinator visitation rates to Leopoldia target plants as a result of direct and indirect effects acting in the same direction. Due to its floral display, Hedysarum exerted a direct magnet effect attracting visits to native target plants, especially those made by the honeybee. Indirectly, Hedysarum also increased the visitation rate of native target plants. Due to the competition for resources mediated by its vegetative parts, it decreased floral diversity in the neighbourhoods, which was negatively related to the visitation rate to native target plants. Hedysarum overall also increased the fructification of Leopoldia target plants, even though such an increase was the result of other indirect effects compensating for the observed negative indirect effect mediated by the decrease of floral diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Castaño
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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43
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Effects of non-native Melilotus albus on pollination and reproduction in two boreal shrubs. Oecologia 2015; 179:495-507. [PMID: 26071209 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of abundantly flowered, highly rewarding non-native plant species is expected to have strong consequences for native plants through altered pollination services, particularly in boreal forest where the flowering season is short and the pollinator pool is small. In 18 boreal forest sites, we added flowering Melilotus albus to some sites and left some sites as controls in 2 different years to test if the invasive plant influences the pollination and reproductive success of two co-flowering ericaceous species: Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Rhododendron groenlandicum. We found that M. albus increased the pollinator diversity and tended to increase visitation rates to the focal native plant species compared to control sites. Melilotus albus facilitated greater seed production per berry in V. vitis-idaea when we added 120 plants compared to when we added 40 plants or in control sites. In R. groenlandicum, increasing numbers of M. albus inflorescences lowered conspecific pollen loads and percentage of flowers pollinated; however, no differences in fruit set were detected. The number of M. albus inflorescences had greater importance in explaining R. groenlandicum pollination compared to other environmental variables such as weather and number of native flowers, and had greater importance in lower quality black spruce sites than in mixed deciduous and white spruce sites for explaining the percentage of V. vitis-idaea flowers pollinated. Our data suggest that the identity of new pollinators attracted to the invaded sites, degree of shared pollinators between invasive and native species, and variation in resource limitation among sites are likely determining factors in the reproductive responses of boreal native plants in the presence of an invasive.
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44
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Sotomayor DA, Lortie CJ. Indirect interactions in terrestrial plant communities: emerging patterns and research gaps. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00117.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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45
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Analyses of soil microbial community compositions and functional genes reveal potential consequences of natural forest succession. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10007. [PMID: 25943705 PMCID: PMC4421864 DOI: 10.1038/srep10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The succession of microbial community structure and function is a central ecological topic, as microbes drive the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. To elucidate the response and mechanistic underpinnings of soil microbial community structure and metabolic potential relevant to natural forest succession, we compared soil microbial communities from three adjacent natural forests: a coniferous forest (CF), a mixed broadleaf forest (MBF) and a deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) on Shennongjia Mountain in central China. In contrary to plant communities, the microbial taxonomic diversity of the DBF was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of CF and MBF, rendering their microbial community compositions markedly different. Consistently, microbial functional diversity was also highest in the DBF. Furthermore, a network analysis of microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling genes showed the network for the DBF samples was relatively large and tight, revealing strong couplings between microbes. Soil temperature, reflective of climate regimes, was important in shaping microbial communities at both taxonomic and functional gene levels. As a first glimpse of both the taxonomic and functional compositions of soil microbial communities, our results suggest that microbial community structure and function potentials will be altered by future environmental changes, which have implications for forest succession.
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46
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Muir JL, Vamosi JC. Invasive Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius, Fabaceae) and the pollination success of three Garry oak-associated plant species. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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The showy invasive plant Ranunculus ficaria facilitates pollinator activity, pollen deposition, but not always seed production for two native spring ephemeral plants. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Distance-dependent effects of invasive Lupinus polyphyllus on pollination and reproductive success of two native herbs. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Tan K, Dong S, Liu X, Chen W, Wang Y, Oldroyd BP, Latty T. Phantom alternatives influence food preferences in the eastern honeybee Apis cerana. J Anim Ecol 2014; 84:509-17. [PMID: 25251672 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most models of animal choice behaviour assume that desirable but unavailable options, such as a high quality, but inhabited nest sites, do not influence an individual's preferences for the remaining options. However, experiments suggest that in mammals, the mere presence of such 'phantom' alternatives can alter, and even reverse, an individual's preferences for other items in a choice set. Phantom alternatives may be widespread in nature, as they occur whenever a resource is visible, but unavailable at the time of choice. They are particularly relevant for nectar-foraging animals, where previously rewarding flowers may sometimes be empty. Here, we investigate the effect of phantom alternatives on feeder preferences in the eastern honeybee, Apis cerana. First, we tested the effects of unattractive and attractive phantom alternatives by presenting individual bees with either a binary choice set containing two feeders that differed strongly in two qualities, but were equally preferred overall ('option 1' and 'option 2'), or a ternary choice set containing option 1, option 2 and one of two phantom types (unattractive and attractive). Secondly, we determined whether phantoms increase (similarity effect) or decrease (dissimilarity effect) preference for phantom-similar choices. In binary trials, bees had no significant preference for option 1 or option 2. However, after encountering an attractive phantom alternative, individual bees preferred option 2. The unattractive phantom did not influence bee preferences. Phantoms consistently changed individual bee preferences in favour of the phantom-similar choice. This means that the presence of an attractive food source, even if it is unavailable, can influence preference relationships between remaining items in the choice set. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the potential for phantom effects when studying the foraging behaviour of animals. Our results are particularly relevant for nectarivores, where empty but previously rewarding flowers are a common occurrence. Since an increase in pollinator visits can result in higher seed set, our results open up the possibility that by shifting pollinator preferences, empty flowers could have otherwise-unpredicted influences on community composition, plant-pollinator interactions and pollinator behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xufu Road 88, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shihao Dong
- Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Weiweng Chen
- Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences A12, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tanya Latty
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences A12, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Bruckman D, Campbell DR. Floral neighborhood influences pollinator assemblages and effective pollination in a native plant. Oecologia 2014; 176:465-76. [PMID: 25047026 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pollinators represent an important intermediary by which different plant species can influence each other's reproductive fitness. Floral neighbors can modify the quantity of pollinator visits to a focal species but may also influence the composition of visitor assemblages that plants receive leading to potential changes in the average effectiveness of floral visits. We explored how the heterospecific floral neighborhood (abundance of native and non-native heterospecific plants within 2 m × 2 m) affects pollinator visitation and composition of pollinator assemblages for a native plant, Phacelia parryi. The relative effectiveness of different insect visitors was also assessed to interpret the potential effects on plant fitness of shifts in pollinator assemblage composition. Although the common non-native Brassica nigra did not have a significant effect on overall pollinator visitation rate to P. parryi, the proportion of flower visits that were made by native pollinators increased with increasing abundance of heterospecific plant species in the floral neighborhood other than B. nigra. Furthermore, native pollinators deposited twice as many P. parryi pollen grains per visit as did the nonnative Apis mellifera, and visits by native bees also resulted in more seeds than visits by A. mellifera. These results indicate that the floral neighborhood can influence the composition of pollinator assemblages that visit a native plant and that changes in local flower communities have the potential to affect plant reproductive success through shifts in these assemblages towards less effective pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bruckman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-2525, USA,
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