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Møllehave LT, Madsen AL, Kampmann FB, Bjerregaard AA, Dantoft TM, Leth-Møller KB, Thysen SM, Schovsbo SU, Jacobsen RK, Aadahl M, Osler M, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A, Kårhus LL. Cohort Profile Update: The Glostrup Population Studies 1964-2024. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae051. [PMID: 38734963 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Line Tang Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Lykke Madsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Bach Kampmann
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinertz Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Biering Leth-Møller
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne Marie Thysen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Ulfbeck Schovsbo
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kart Jacobsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Lund Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Elberling J. Respiratory Symptoms from Fragrances and the Link with Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Genetics and Individual Predispositions in Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Suzuki N, Nakaoka H, Nakayama Y, Tsumura K, Takaguchi K, Takaya K, Eguchi A, Hanazato M, Todaka E, Mori C. Association between sum of volatile organic compounds and occurrence of building-related symptoms in humans: A study in real full-scale laboratory houses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141635. [PMID: 32882497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the indoor environment, particularly indoor air quality (IAQ), has significant effects on building-related symptoms (BRSs) in humans, such as irritation of mucosal membranes, headaches, and allergies, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. In 2017, Chiba University launched the "Chemiless Town Project Phase 3" to investigate the relationship between IAQ and human health. Two laboratory houses (LHs) were built on a university campus in which the interiors and exteriors were similar, but the levels of indoor air volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were different. A total of 141 participants evaluated IAQ using their sensory perception. There was a significant relationship between differences in VOC levels and BRSs occurrence (OR: 6.89, 95% CI: 1.40-33.98). It was suggested that people with a medical history of allergies (OR: 5.73, 95% CI: 1.12-29.32) and those with a high sensitivity to chemicals (OR: 8.82, 95% CI: 1.16-67.16) tended to experience BRSs. Thus, when buildings are constructed, people with a history of allergies or with a sensitivity to chemicals may be at high risk to BRSs, and it is important to pay attention to IAQ to prevent BRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimichi Suzuki
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Nakaoka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Yoshitake Nakayama
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Kayo Tsumura
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Kohki Takaguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Takaya
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Emiko Todaka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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5
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Genetics and Individual Predispositions in Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Respiratory Symptoms from Fragrances and the Link with Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_23-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Wolkoff P, Nielsen GD. Effects by inhalation of abundant fragrances in indoor air - An overview. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 101:96-107. [PMID: 28126407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Odorous compounds (odors) like fragrances may cause adverse health effects. To assess their importance by inhalation, we have reviewed how the four major abundant and common airborne fragrances (α-pinene (APN), limonene (LIM), linalool (LIL), and eugenol (EUG)) impact the perceived indoor air quality as odor annoyance, sensory irritation and sensitization in the airways. Breathing and cardiovascular effects, and work performance, and the impact in the airways of ozone-initiated gas- and particle phase reactions products have also been assessed. Measured maximum indoor concentrations for APN, LIM and LIL are close to or above their odor thresholds, but far below their thresholds for sensory irritation in the eyes and upper airways; no information could be traced for EUG. Likewise, reported risk values for long-term effects are far above reported indoor concentrations. Human exposure studies with mixtures of APN and LIM and supported by animal inhalation models do not support sensitization of the airways at indoor levels by inhalation that include other selected fragrances. Human exposure studies, in general, indicate that reported lung function effects are likely due to the perception rather than toxic effects of the fragrances. In general, effects on the breathing rate and mood by exposure to the fragrances are inconclusive. The fragrances may increase the high-frequency heart rate variability, but aerosol exposure during cleaning activities may result in a reduction. Distractive effects influencing the work performance by fragrance/odor exposure are consistently reported, but their persistence over time is unknown. Mice inhalation studies indicate that LIM or its reaction mixture may possess anti-inflammatory properties. There is insufficient information that ozone-initiated reactions with APN or LIM at typical indoor levels cause airway effects in humans. Limited experimental information is available on long-term effects of ozone-initiated reaction products of APN and LIM at typical indoor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Wolkoff
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Gunnar D Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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8
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Zeng X, Vonk JM, de Jong K, Xu X, Huo X, Boezen HM. No convincing association between genetic markers and respiratory symptoms: results of a GWA study. Respir Res 2017; 18:11. [PMID: 28073367 PMCID: PMC5223330 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory symptoms are associated with accelerated lung function decline, and increased hospitalization and mortality rates in the general population. Although several environmental risk factors for respiratory symptoms are known, knowledge on genetic risk factors is lacking. We aim to identify genetic variants associated with respiratory symptoms by genome-wide association (GWA) analyses. METHODS We conducted the first GWA study on cough, dyspnea and phlegm among 7,976 participants in the LifeLines I cohort and used the LifeLines II cohort (n = 5,260) and the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort (n = 1,529) for replication. RESULTS We identified 50 SNPs that were assessed for replication. Rs16918212, located in the alpha-2-macroglobulin pseudogene 1 (A2MP1), was associated with cough in both the identification (odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, p = 5.41 × 10-5) and the meta-analyzed replication cohorts (OR = 0.83, p = 0.033). No other significant replicated associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Given that only 1 out of 50 SNPs showed significant replication (i.e. 2%) we conclude that we did not find a convincing association between genetic markers and respiratory symptoms. Since, environmental exposures are important risk factors for respiratory symptoms, the next step is to perform a genome-wide interaction (GWI) study to identify genetic susceptibility loci for respiratory symptoms in interaction with known harmful environmental exposures.
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Grants
- This study was funded by the Groningen Research Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. The LifeLines Cohort Study, and generation and management of GWAS genotype data for the LifeLines Cohort Study is supported by the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research NWO (grant 175.010.2007.006), the Economic Structure Enhancing Fund (FES) of the Dutch government, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces (SNN), the Province of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the University of Groningen, Dutch Kidney Foundation and Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation. The Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort study was supported by the Ministry of Health and Environmental Hygiene of the Netherlands and the Netherlands Asthma Fund (grant 187) and the Netherlands Asthma Fund grant no. 3.2.02.51, the Stichting Astma Bestrijding, BBMRI-NL (Complementiation project), and the European Respiratory Society COPD research award 2011 to H.M. Boezen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Kim de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - H Marike Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
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9
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Marteau C, Ruyffelaere F, Aubry JM, Penverne C, Favier D, Nardello-Rataj V. Oxidative degradation of fragrant aldehydes. Autoxidation by molecular oxygen. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Airborne-contact dermatitis (ABCD) represents a unique type of contact dermatitis originating from dust, sprays, pollens or volatile chemicals by airborne fumes or particles without directly touching the allergen. ABCD in Indian patients has been attributed exclusively by pollens of the plants like Parthenium hysterophorus, etc., but in recent years the above scenario has been changing rapidly in urban and semiurban perspective especially in developing countries. ABCD has been reported worldwide due to various type of nonplant allergens and their clinical feature are sometimes distinctive. Preventive aspect has been attempted by introduction of different chemicals of less allergic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Ghosh
- Department of Dermatology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, India
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11
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Evaluation of the quick environmental exposure and sensitivity inventory in a Danish population. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:304314. [PMID: 22529872 PMCID: PMC3317206 DOI: 10.1155/2012/304314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate a Danish translation of the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI). Methods. The study included two groups: one comprised a random sample of 2000 individuals drawn from the Danish Civil Registration System; the other comprised 315 patients with chemical intolerance. Results. The evaluation suggested good reliability for the four QEESI scales in terms of internal consistency and coefficients between test and retest scores. The discriminatory validity was the largest for the Chemical (inhalant) Intolerance and Life Impact Scales. Using combined cut-off scores for these two scales provided a sensitivity of 92.1 and a specificity of 91.8 and yielded a prevalence of 8.2% in the population group. Conclusions. The Danish translation of the QEESI showed overall good reliability and validity. We recommend the use of the combined Chemical (inhalant) Intolerance and Life Impact Scales in future studies.
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12
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Masuck I, Hutzler C, Jann O, Luch A. Inhalation exposure of children to fragrances present in scented toys. INDOOR AIR 2011; 21:501-511. [PMID: 21615504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED When utilized in the perfuming of children's toys, fragrances capable of inducing contact allergy in human skin may also become bioavailable to children via the inhalation route. The aim of this study was to determine the area-specific emission rates of 24 fragrances from a plasticized PVC reference material that was meant to mimic a real plastic toy. This material was introduced into an emission chamber for 28 days at handling conditions or at worst-case conditions. As a result, fragrances can be separated into three categories according to their emission rates ranging from 0.0041 to 16.2 mg/m² × h, i.e., highly volatile, semivolatile, and low-volatile compounds. Compounds of the first and second categories were monitored with decreasing emission rates. Substances of the third category were detected with increasing emission rates over time. Further, higher temperatures led to higher emission rates. The emission concentration of fragrances from four real scented toys varied between 1.10 and 107 μg/m³ at day 1 in the test chamber. Therefore, short-term inhalation exposure to fragrances originating from toys was in the range of 0.53-2700 ng/kg BW/d for the children of age 1 and older. Long-term exposure to these fragrances was calculated in the range of 2.2-220 ng/kg BW/d. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Besides household products and cosmetics, fragrances can be found in toys for children. Some fragrances are known contact allergens in the skin, but there is a lack of information on their effects in the human respiratory tract. Here, we analyzed and categorized fragrances present in a plasticized PVC reference material according to their emission profiles and volatility. We also demonstrate that volatile fragrances are being emitted from real toys and thus may get inhaled under consumer conditions to different extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Masuck
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Abstract
The genetics of contact allergy (CA) is still only partly understood, despite decades of research. This might be due to inadequately defined phenotypes used in the past. Therefore we suggested studying an extreme phenotype, namely, polysensitization (sensitization to 3 or more unrelated allergens). Another approach to unravel the genetics of CA has been the study of candidate genes. In this review, we summarize studies on the associations between genetic variation (e.g. SNPs) in certain candidate genes and CA. The following polymorphisms and mutations were studied: (1) filaggrin, (2) N-acetyltransferase (NAT1 and 2), (3) glutathione-S-transferase (GST M and T), (4) manganese superoxide dismutase, (5) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), (6) tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and (7) interleukin-16 (IL16). The polymorphisms of NAT1/2, GST M/T, ACE, TNF, and IL16 were shown to be associated with an increased risk of CA. In one of our studies, the increased risk conferred by the TNF and IL16 polymorphisms was confined to polysensitized individuals. Other relevant candidate genes may be identified by studying diseases related to CA in terms of clinical symptoms, a more general pathology (inflammation) and possibly an overlapping genetic background, such as irritant contact dermatitis.
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14
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Holst H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Mosbech H, Serup J, Elberling J. Capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in the skin in patients with symptoms induced by odorous chemicals. Skin Res Technol 2011; 17:82-90. [PMID: 20923466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradermal injection of capsaicin induces the axonal release of neuropeptides, vasodilatation and flare, e.g. neurogenic inflammation. The spatial profile of neurogenic inflammation in the skin has been studied in various experimental models. Polarization spectroscopy imaging introduced recently may be used for the quantitative assessment of the temporal profile of neurogenic inflammation expressed as erythema intensity. PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to compare capsaicin-induced erythema intensity with the flare area in patients with symptoms induced by odorous chemicals, thereby comparing the temporal and spatial profiles of neurogenic inflammation. METHODS Sixteen patients fulfilling Cullen's criteria for multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and 15 eczema (EC) patients with airway symptoms elicited by odorous chemicals were compared with 29 age-matched, healthy controls. Participants were administered two intradermal injections of capsaicin 3.3 and 33μM. Erythema intensity was measured by polarization spectroscopy imaging and flare response was quantified by visual inspection. RESULTS Erythema intensity and flare area did not differ between patients and controls, and they were not correlated. Erythema intensity and flare area showed a dose-dependent increase (P<0.05). Erythema intensity increased with age at 3.3μM but not at 33μM capsaicin, whereas the flare area increased with age at both concentrations (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Capsaicin-induced erythema intensity and visual flare were normal in patients with MCS and EC patients with airway symptoms from odorous chemicals. Polarized light spectroscopy was a useful method for the measurement of the rapid temporal changes in erythema of experimental reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Holst
- Dermatology Department, The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Schnuch A, Westphal G, Mössner R, Uter W, Reich K. Genetic factors in contact allergy--review and future goals. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64:2-23. [PMID: 21166814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genetics of contact allergy are still only partly understood, despite decades of research; this might be a consequence of inadequately defined phenotypes used in the past. A recommendation is to study an extreme phenotype, namely, polysensitization (sensitization to three or more unrelated allergens). Another approach to unravel the genetics of contact allergy is the study of candidate genes. In this review, we summarize studies on the associations between genetic variation (e.g. single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in certain candidate genes and contact allergy. Polymorphisms and mutations affecting the following proteins were studied: (i) filaggrin; (ii) N-acetyltransferase (NAT) 1 and 2; (iii) glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M and T; (iv) manganese superoxide dismutase; (v) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); (vi) tumour necrosis factor (TNF); and (vii) interleukin-16 (IL-16). The polymorphisms of NAT1, NAT2, GSTM, GSTT, ACE, TNF and IL-16 were shown to be associated with an increased risk of contact allergy. In one of our studies, the increased risk conferred by the TNF and IL-16 polymorphisms was confined to polysensitized individuals. Other relevant candidate genes may be identified by studying diseases related to contact allergy in terms of clinical symptoms, a more general pathology (inflammation), and possibly an overlapping genetic background, such as irritant contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schnuch
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), University of Göttingen, D 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Berg ND, Linneberg A, Thyssen JP, Dirksen A, Elberling J. Non-allergic cutaneous reactions in airborne chemical sensitivity--a population based study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 214:239-45. [PMID: 21324740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterised by adverse effects due to exposure to low levels of chemical substances. The aetiology is unknown, but chemical related respiratory symptoms have been found associated with positive patch test. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cutaneous reactions from patch testing and self-reported severity of chemical sensitivity to common airborne chemicals. A total of 3460 individuals participating in a general health examination, Health 2006, were patch tested with allergens from the European standard series and screened for chemical sensitivity with a standardised questionnaire dividing the participants into four severity groups of chemical sensitivity. Both allergic and non-allergic cutaneous reactions--defined as irritative, follicular, or doubtful allergic reactions--were analysed in relationship with severity of chemical sensitivity. Associations were controlled for the possible confounding effects of sex, age, asthma, eczema, atopic dermatitis, psychological and social factors, and smoking habits. In unadjusted analyses we found associations between allergic and non-allergic cutaneous reactions on patch testing and the two most severe groups of self-reported sensitivity to airborne chemicals. When adjusting for confounding, associations were weakened, and only non-allergic cutaneous reactions were significantly associated with individuals most severely affected by inhalation of airborne chemicals (odds ratio = 2.5, p = 0.006). Our results suggest that individuals with self-reported chemical sensitivity show increased non-allergic cutaneous reactions based on day 2 readings of patch tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Drimer Berg
- The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Elberling J. Respiratory Symptoms from Fragrances and the Link with Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03827-3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Schnabel E, Schoefer Y, Chen CM, Schäfer T, Behrendt H, Ring J, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J. Sensitization to contact allergens and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 63:157-63. [PMID: 20690939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to contact allergens and specific allergic sensitization to them are common, but possible related health effects have been rarely studied. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyse possible associations between contact sensitization to nickel sulfate and fragrance mix I and lung function parameters or bronchial hyper-responsiveness. METHODS Within a population-based study in Augsburg, 1052 adults performed lung function tests, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC) and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Patch tests were performed, and information was assessed by medical examinations and interviews. Logistic regression models were applied to study associations between contact allergies and lung function parameters. RESULTS Women were sensitized significantly more often than men to nickel [odds ratio (OR) 3.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.50-6.29] and fragrance mix I (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.50-3.46). Patch test results for nickel and fragrance mix I did not influence mean FEV(1) and FVC % predicted values. However, in women, a higher rate of BHR was associated with positive patch test reactions to fragrance mix I (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.11-4.52). CONCLUSIONS Contact sensitization to fragrance mix I is associated with a higher rate of BHR in women. Thus, in women with contact allergy to fragrances, airway obstruction should be considered as a possible co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schnabel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Schnuch A, Oppel E, Oppel T, Römmelt H, Kramer M, Riu E, Darsow U, Przybilla B, Nowak D, Jörres R. Experimental inhalation of fragrance allergens in predisposed subjects: effects on skin and airways. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:598-606. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Elberling J, Lerbaek A, Kyvik KO, Hjelmborg J. A twin study of perfume-related respiratory symptoms. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; 212:670-8. [PMID: 19502109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory symptoms from environmental perfume exposure are main complaints in patients with multiple chemical sensitivities and often coincide with asthma and or eczema. In this population-based twin study we estimate the heritability of respiratory symptoms related to perfume and if co-occurrences of the symptoms in asthma, atopic dermatitis, hand eczema or contact allergy are influenced by environmental or genetic factors common with these diseases. In total 4,128 twin individuals (82%) responded to a questionnaire. The heritability of respiratory symptoms related to perfume is 0.35, 95%CI 0.14-0.54. Significant associations (p<0.05) between perfume-related respiratory symptoms and asthma, atopic dermatitis, hand eczema or contact allergy are not attributable to shared genetic or shared environmental/familial factors, except possibly for atopic dermatitis where genetic pleiotropy with respiratory symptoms to perfume is suggested by an estimated genetic correlation of 0.39, 95%CI 0.09-0.72.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elberling
- The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Alle 40, 2.th, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
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Abstract
Genetic factors presumably play a role in contact allergy (CA). There is, however, a lack of conclusive evidence from clinical studies. This may be on account of the strongly competing or modifying impact of exogenous factors, namely the potency of allergens and the intensity of exposure, and the fact that - in principle - everybody can be sensitized. Regarding phenotype, in contrast, polysensitization (PS) seems to indicate a subset of individuals at greater risk. In human sensitization experiments with dinitrochlorobenzene, induction was facilitated in PS, and elicitation enhanced. Recent clinical epidemiological data, taking confounders for PS, such as age, sex, and other skin diseases into account, demonstrated the following: (i) PS was the greatest risk factor to be sensitized to a number of (even weak) index allergens, indicating higher susceptibility on the level of induction; (ii) patch test reactions in PS patients were generally stronger indicating higher susceptibility on the level of elicitation. These findings are complemented by reports on polymorphisms of TNF-alpha and IL-16 in PS patients. Future studies on the genetics of CA should be performed in subgroups with PS, focussing on polymorphisms relevant for CA-specific and nonspecific (inflammatory) processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schnuch
- Center of the Information Network of Department of Dermatology, Institute at University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Reports on airborne dermatoses are mainly published in the context of occupational settings. Hence, in recent years, dermatologists and also occupational physicians have become increasingly aware of the airborne source of contact dermatitis, resulting mainly from exposure to irritants or allergens. However, their occurrence is still underestimated, because reports often omit the term 'airborne' in relation to dust or volatile allergens. For the present update, we screened the journals 'Contact Dermatitis' (July 2000 to December 2006); 'Dermatitis', formerly named 'American Journal of Contact Dermatitis'; 'La Lettre du Gerda' (January 2000 to December 2006); and also included relevant articles from other journals published during the same period. This resulted in an updated list of airborne dermatitis causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Curry Cabral, P-1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal
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Elberling J, Skov PS, Mosbech H, Holst H, Dirksen A, Johansen JD. Increased release of histamine in patients with respiratory symptoms related to perfume. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1676-80. [PMID: 17877753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental perfume exposure may cause respiratory symptoms. Individuals with asthma and perfume contact allergy report such symptoms more frequently than others. However, immunologic mechanisms have not been demonstrated and the symptoms are not associated with IgE-mediated allergy. The study aimed to investigate whether basophils from patients with respiratory symptoms related to perfume released more histamine in the presence of perfume as compared with healthy volunteers. METHODS Histamine release was measured by the glass fibre method. Blood was obtained from healthy volunteers (n=20) and patients with respiratory symptoms related to perfume (n=17) attending a dermatological outpatient clinic for patch testing. The effect of an international brand perfume was investigated using the basophil histamine release test with perfume. Furthermore, basophils from a healthy non-atopic donor were incubated with participant's sera and histamine release induced by perfume was measured. RESULTS In both groups incremental perfume concentrations showed a positive and significant (P<0.001) dose-response effect on the release of histamine. At the highest perfume concentration, the basophils released significantly (P<0.05) more histamine in patients as compared with healthy volunteers. No difference was found between the groups when sera were incubated with basophils from a healthy non-atopic donor. CONCLUSION Perfume induces a dose-dependent non-IgE-mediated release of histamine from human peripheral blood basophils. Increased basophil reactivity to perfume was found in patients with respiratory symptoms related to perfume.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elberling
- The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.
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