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Martins JSCDC, Sousa TDC, Oliveira MDLDA, Gimba ERP, Siqueira MM, Matos ADR. Total Osteopontin and Its Isoform OPN4 Are Differently Expressed in Respiratory Samples during Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Infection and Progression. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1349. [PMID: 37317323 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection affects the human respiratory tract, causing an acute and highly contagious disease. Individuals with comorbidities and in the extremes of age are classified as risk groups for serious clinical outcomes. However, part of the severe infections and fatalities are observed among young healthy individuals. Noteworthy, influenza infections lack specific prognostic biomarkers that would predict the disease severity. Osteopontin (OPN) has been proposed as a biomarker in a few human malignancies and its differential modulation has been observed during viral infections. However, OPN expression levels in the primary site of IAV infection have not been previously investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the transcriptional expression patterns of total OPN (tOPN) and its splicing isoforms (OPNa, OPNb, OPNc, OPN4, and OPN5) in 176 respiratory secretion samples collected from human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and a group of 65 IAV-negative controls. IAV samples were differentially classified according to their disease severity. tOPN was more frequently detected in IAV samples (34.1%) when compared with the negative controls (18.5%) (p < 0.05), as well as in fatal (59.1%) versus non-fatal IAV samples (30.5%) (p < 0.01). OPN4 splice variant transcript was more prevalent in IAV cases (78.4%) than in the negative controls (66.1%) (p = 0.05) and in severe cases (85.7%) in relation to the non-severe ones (69.2%) (p < 0.01). OPN4 detection was also associated with severity symptoms such as dyspnea (p < 0.05), respiratory failure (p < 0.05), and oxygen saturation < 95% (p < 0.05). In addition, the OPN4 expression level was increased in the fatal cases of respiratory samples. Our data indicated that tOPN and OPN4 had a more pronounced expression pattern in IAV respiratory samples, pointing to the potential use of these molecules as biomarkers to evaluate disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Santa Cruz de Carvalho Martins
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Thiago das Chagas Sousa
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes de Aguiar Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, andar 6, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, andar 3, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Av. Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Recife 1-7, Bela Vista, Rio das Ostras 28880-000, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Aline da Rocha Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
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Sahu U, Biswas D, Prajapati VK, Singh AK, Samant M, Khare P. Interleukin-17-A multifaceted cytokine in viral infections. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8000-8019. [PMID: 34133758 PMCID: PMC8426678 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a major threat to the human population due to the lack of selective therapeutic measures. The morbidity and mortality reported worldwide are very alarming against viral pathogens. The proinflammatory environment is required for viral inhibition by initiating the host immune response. The host immune response fights these pathogens by secreting different cytokines. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) a proinflammatory cytokine mainly produced by T helper type 17 cells, plays a vital role in the regulation of host immune response against various pathogens, including viruses. However, dysregulated production of IL-17 induces chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and may lead to cancer. Recent studies suggest that IL-17 is not only involved in the antiviral immune response but also promotes virus-mediated illnesses. In this review, we discuss the protective and pathogenic role of IL-17 against various viral infections. A detailed understanding of IL-17 during viral infections could contribute to improve therapeutic measures and enable the development of an efficient and safe IL-17 based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Debasis Biswas
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | | | - Anirudh K. Singh
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of ZoologyKumaun UniversityAlmoraUttarakhandIndia
| | - Prashant Khare
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
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Mei C, Wang X, Meng F, Zhang X, Gan L, Wang Y, Sun X. CD30L + classical monocytes play a pro-inflammatory role in the development of ulcerative colitis in patients. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:10-19. [PMID: 34329889 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the large intestine and exhibits a relapsing and remitting course. It is a complex immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that increases morbidity and negatively influences the quality of life. Although our previous studies have indicated that CD30L is involved in the adaptive immune response in UC, it remains unclear whether it participates in the innate immune response. Our results revealed that the CD30L level significantly increased in the circulating classical monocytes of patients with UC and showed a positive correlation with the severity of UC. CD30L may participate in monocyte-mediated inflammation in patients with UC through the activation of circulating classical monocytes. The present study provides insights into a marker of severity and a potential target for the development of immunological therapy of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxue Mei
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Fanxiang Meng
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Jin Qiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Verma S, Varshney A. Validation of a Novel Zebrafish Model of Dengue Virus (DENV-3) Pathology Using the Pentaherbal Medicine Denguenil Vati. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070971. [PMID: 32605167 PMCID: PMC7408079 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a devastating viral fever of humans, caused by dengue virus. Using a novel zebrafish model of dengue pathology, we validated the potential anti-dengue therapeutic properties of pentaherbal medicine, Denguenil Vati. At two different time points (at 7 and 14 days post infection with dengue virus), we tested three translational doses (5.8 μg/kg, 28 μg/kg, and 140 μg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the viral copy numbers was identified upon Denguenil Vati treatment. Hepatocyte necrosis, liver inflammation, and red blood cell (RBC) infiltration into the liver were significantly inhibited upon Denguenil treatment. Treatment with Denguenil Vati significantly recovered the virus-induced decreases in total platelet numbers and total RBC count, and concomitantly increasing hematocrit percentage, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conversely, virus-induced white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly normalized. Virus-induced hemorrhage was completely abrogated by Denguenil after 14 days, at all the doses tested. Gene expression analysis identified a significant decrease in disease-induced endothelial apoptotic marker Angiopoetin2 (Ang-2) and pro-inflammatory chemokine marker CCL3 upon Denguenil treatment. Presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, palmetin, and berberine molecules in the Denguenil formulation was detected by HPLC. Taken together, our results exhibit the potential therapeutic properties of Denguenil Vati in ameliorating pathological features of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-13-3424-4107 (ext. 7458)
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Kuczera D, Assolini JP, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Pavanelli WR, Silveira GF. Highlights for Dengue Immunopathogenesis: Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, Cytokine Storm, and Beyond. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:69-80. [PMID: 29443656 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) can lead to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to death. It is estimated that the disease manifests only in 90 million cases out of the total 390 million yearly infections. Even though research has not yet elucidated which are the precise pathophysiological mechanisms that trigger severe forms of dengue, the infection elicits a critical immune response significant for dengue pathogenesis development. Understanding how the immune response to DENV is established and how it can resolve the infection or turn into an immunopathology is of great importance in DENV research. Currently, studies have extensively debated 2 hypotheses involving immune response: antibody-dependent enhancement and cytokine storm. However, despite its undeniable importance in severe forms of the disease, these 2 hypotheses are based on a primed immune status resulting from previous heterologous infection, abstaining them from explaining the severe forms of dengue in naive immune subjects, for example. Thus, it seems that a more intricate arrangement of causes and conditions must be achieved to severe dengue to occur. Among them, the cytokine network signature elicited, in association with viral aspects deserves special attention regarding the establishment of infection and evolution to pathogenesis. In this work, we intend to shed light on how those elements contribute to severe dengue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Kuczera
- 1 Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas , ICC/Fiocruz/PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Assolini
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Masyeni S, Hadi U, Kuntaman K, Dewi Y. Profiling of Microrna Expression within the Cells of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear after an Infection with Serotype-2 of Dengue Virus: Preliminary Study. BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 11:923-927. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of microRiboNucleic Acids (miRNA), a small-non coding RNA has been associated with immune regulation in various viral infectionincluding dengue infection. The microRNA will bind a specific protein target in order to encourage an explosive expression of various cytokines, known as cytokines storm in Dengue infection.The objective of this study aimed to determine and evaluate themicroRNAs profile expression withinperipheral blood mononuclear cells having been infected with one of the dengue virus serotype.To obtained the PBMCs from a healthy donor, Ficoll density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate the PBMCs and then followed infecting it with a DENV-2 clinical isolate. Prior to PBMCs isolation, the virus has been propagated and having titration to get an optimal virus titer. We conducted the infection at the multiplication of infections 4 PFU/106 cells.MiRCURYLNATMExiqon was utilized on purpose to extract the RNA. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was applied in order for the miRNAs relative expression to be measured. The preliminary result reveals that miR-150, miR-146a, hsa-let-7e expression were increased 1.74 folds, 2 folds, and 1.49 foldsrespectively at 12 hours post-infection on PBMCs upon DENV-2 infection.The expression of microRNAswas discovered to behigher inPBMCsat the time of infection withDENV-2.ThemiRNAs expression in the uninfected PMBCs was lower than that of the miRNA. This high expression of miRNAsin dengue infection may proceedto dengue infection pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Masyeni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, JlTerompong 24, Denpasar-Bali,Indonesia
| | - Usman Hadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, JlMayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Pacar Kembang, Surabaya, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - K Kuntaman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, JlMayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Pacar Kembang, Surabaya, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Yorapermata Dewi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, JlTerompong 24, Denpasar-Bali,Indonesia
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Zanini F, Pu SY, Bekerman E, Einav S, Quake SR. Single-cell transcriptional dynamics of flavivirus infection. eLife 2018; 7:32942. [PMID: 29451494 PMCID: PMC5826272 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika viral infections affect millions of people annually and can be complicated by hemorrhage and shock or neurological manifestations, respectively. However, a thorough understanding of the host response to these viruses is lacking, partly because conventional approaches ignore heterogeneity in virus abundance across cells. We present viscRNA-Seq (virus-inclusive single cell RNA-Seq), an approach to probe the host transcriptome together with intracellular viral RNA at the single cell level. We applied viscRNA-Seq to monitor dengue and Zika virus infection in cultured cells and discovered extreme heterogeneity in virus abundance. We exploited this variation to identify host factors that show complex dynamics and a high degree of specificity for either virus, including proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum translocon, signal peptide processing, and membrane trafficking. We validated the viscRNA-Seq hits and discovered novel proviral and antiviral factors. viscRNA-Seq is a powerful approach to assess the genome-wide virus-host dynamics at single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zanini
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Szu-Yuan Pu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Elena Bekerman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
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Pascapurnama DN, Labayo HKM, Dapat I, Nagarajegowda DD, Zhao J, Zhang J, Yamada O, Kikuchi H, Egawa S, Oshima Y, Chagan-Yasutan H, Hattori T. Induction of Osteopontin by Dengue Virus-3 Infection in THP-1 Cells: Inhibition of the Synthesis by Brefelamide and Its Derivative. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:521. [PMID: 28405192 PMCID: PMC5370276 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional matricellular protein produced by a broad range of cells including osteoclasts, macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. OPN modulates various physiological and pathological events such as inflammation, wound healing, and bone formation and remodeling. Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes an increase in plasma OPN levels, which is correlated with the severity of symptoms and coagulation abnormalities. DENV infection also induces OPN gene expression in human macrophages. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of brefelamide and its methyl ether derivative on DENV-3 by measuring changes in OPN levels in human THP-1 and 293T cell lines infected at different multiplicities of infection and post-infection time points. OPN mRNA expression and viral RNA were detected by reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR, whereas protein level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that viral copy number was higher in 293T than in THP-1 cells. However, THP-1 constitutively expressed higher levels of OPN mRNA and protein, which were enhanced by DENV-3 infection. Brefelamide and its derivative suppressed OPN production in DENV-3 infected THP-1 cells; the effective doses of these compounds had no effect on uninfected cells, indicating low cytotoxicity. These results suggest that brefelamide and its methyl ether derivative have therapeutic effects in preventing inflammation, coagulopathy, and fibrinolysis caused by OPN upregulation induced by DENV-3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyshelly N Pascapurnama
- Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Hannah K M Labayo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Isolde Dapat
- Division of Disaster-related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Divya D Nagarajegowda
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Jingge Zhao
- Division of Disaster-related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research and Development Center, FUSO Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- Research and Development Center, FUSO Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Egawa
- Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Division of Disaster-related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Division of Disaster-related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International UniversityTakahashi, Japan
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9
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Oliveira RADS, Cordeiro MT, Moura PMMFD, Baptista Filho PNB, Braga-Neto UDM, Marques ETDA, Gil LHVG. Serum cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients with dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (FHD) by using protein array. J Clin Virol 2017; 89:39-45. [PMID: 28242509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DENV infection can induce different clinical manifestations varying from mild forms to dengue fever (DF) or the severe hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Several factors are involved in the progression from DF to DHF. No marker is available to predict this progression. Such biomarker could allow a suitable medical care at the beginning of the infection, improving patient prognosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the serum expression levels of acute phase proteins in a well-established cohort of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients, in order to individuate a prognostic marker of diseases severity. STUDY DESIGN The serum levels of 36 cytokines, chemokines and acute phase proteins were determined in DF and DHF patients and compared to healthy volunteers using a multiplex protein array and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection. Serum levels of IL-1ra, IL-23, MIF, sCD40 ligand, IP-10 and GRO-α were also determined by ELISA. RESULTS At the early stages of infection, GRO-α and IP-10 expression levels were different in DF compared to DHF patients. Besides, GRO-α was positively correlated with platelet counts and IP-10 was negatively correlated with total protein levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high levels of GRO-α during acute DENV infection may be associated with a good prognosis, while high levels of IP-10 may be a warning sign of infection severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marli Tenório Cordeiro
- Departamento de Virologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ernesto Torres de Azevedo Marques
- Departamento de Virologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Khunchai S, Junking M, Suttitheptumrong A, Kooptiwut S, Haegeman G, Limjindaporn T, Yenchitsomanus PT. NF-κB is required for dengue virus NS5-induced RANTES expression. Virus Res 2014; 197:92-100. [PMID: 25523420 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection associates with renal disorders. Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever and acute kidney injury have a high mortality rate. Increased levels of cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of DENV-induced kidney injury. Currently, molecular mechanisms how DENV induces kidney cell injury has not been thoroughly investigated. Excessive cytokine production may be involved in this process. Using human cytokine RT(2) Profiler PCR array, 14 genes including IP-10, RANTES, IL-8, CXCL-9 and MIP-1β were up-regulated more than 2 folds in DENV-infected HEK 293 cells compared to that of mock-infected HEK 293 cells. In the present study, RANTES was suppressed by the NF-κB inhibitor, compound A (CpdA), in DENV-infected HEK 293 cells implying the role of NF-κB in RANTES expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that NF-κB binds more efficiently to its binding sites on the RANTES promoter in NS5-transfected HEK 293 cells than in HEK 293 cells expressing the vector lacking NS5 gene. To further examine whether the NS5-activated RANTES promoter is mediated through NF-κB, the two NF-κB binding sites on the RANTES promoter were mutated and this promoter was coupled to the luciferase cDNA. The result showed that when both binding sites of NF-κB in the RANTES promoter were mutated, the ability of NS5 to induce the luciferase activity was significantly decreased. Therefore, DENV NS5 activates RANTES production by increasing NF-κB binding to its binding sites on the RANTES promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Khunchai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Mutita Junking
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Aroonroong Suttitheptumrong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Suwattanee Kooptiwut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Guy Haegeman
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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Chagan-Yasutan H, Lacuesta TL, Ndhlovu LC, Oguma S, Leano PSA, Telan EFO, Kubo T, Morita K, Uede T, Dimaano EM, Hattori T. Elevated levels of full-length and thrombin-cleaved osteopontin during acute dengue virus infection are associated with coagulation abnormalities. Thromb Res 2014; 134:449-54. [PMID: 24861695 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted by the mosquito vector, and causes a wide range of symptoms that lead to dengue fever (DF) or life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The host and viral correlates that contribute to DF and DHF are complex and poorly understood, but appear to be linked to inflammation and impaired coagulation. Full-length osteopontin (FL-OPN), a glycoprotein, and its activated thrombin-cleaved product, trOPN, integrate multiple immunological signals through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHOD To understand the role of OPN in DENV-infection, we assessed circulating levels of FL-OPN, trOPN, and several coagulation markers (D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT], thrombomodulin [TM], and ferritin in blood obtained from 65 DENV infected patients in the critical and recovery phases of DF and DHF during a dengue virus epidemic in the Philippines in 2010. RESULTS Levels of FL-OPN, trOPN, D-dimer, TAT, and TM were significantly elevated in the critical phase in both the DF and DHF groups, as compared with healthy controls. During the recovery phase, FL-OPN levels declined while trOPN levels increased dramatically in both the DF and DHF groups. FL-OPN levels were directly correlated with D-dimer and ferritin levels, while the generation of trOPN was associated with TAT levels, platelet counts, and viral RNA load. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the marked elevation of plasma levels of FL-OPN and thrombin-cleaved OPN product, trOPN, in DENV-infection for the first time. Further studies on the biological functions of these matricellular proteins in DENV-infection would clarify its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine; Laboratory of Disaster-related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of HI, Manoa, USA
| | - Shigeru Oguma
- Medical Informatics Division, Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Prisca Susan A Leano
- National Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, and other STDs, STD/AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elizabeth Freda O Telan
- National Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, and other STDs, STD/AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory, Manila, Philippines
| | - Toru Kubo
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Efren M Dimaano
- Department of Blood Borne Diseases, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine; Laboratory of Disaster-related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Sessions OM, Tan Y, Goh KC, Liu Y, Tan P, Rozen S, Ooi EE. Host cell transcriptome profile during wild-type and attenuated dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2107. [PMID: 23516652 PMCID: PMC3597485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses 1-4 (DENV1-4) rely heavily on the host cell machinery to complete their life cycle, while at the same time evade the host response that could restrict their replication efficiency. These requirements may account for much of the broad gene-level changes to the host transcriptome upon DENV infection. However, host gene function is also regulated through transcriptional start site (TSS) selection and post-transcriptional modification to the RNA that give rise to multiple gene isoforms. The roles these processes play in the host response to dengue infection have not been explored. In the present study, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to identify novel transcript variations in response to infection with both a pathogenic strain of DENV1 and its attenuated derivative. RNAseq provides the information necessary to distinguish the various isoforms produced from a single gene and their splice variants. Our data indicate that there is an extensive amount of previously uncharacterized TSS and post-transcriptional modifications to host RNA over a wide range of pathways and host functions in response to DENV infection. Many of the differentially expressed genes identified in this study have previously been shown to be required for flavivirus propagation and/or interact with DENV gene products. We also show here that the human transcriptome response to an infection by wild-type DENV or its attenuated derivative differs significantly. This differential response to wild-type and attenuated DENV infection suggests that alternative processing events may be part of a previously uncharacterized innate immune response to viral infection that is in large part evaded by wild-type DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- October M. Sessions
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ying Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kenneth C. Goh
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yujing Liu
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Computational Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Steve Rozen
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Jain A, Pandey N, Garg RK, Kumar R. IL-17 level in patients with Dengue virus infection & its association with severity of illness. J Clin Immunol 2012; 33:613-8. [PMID: 23274801 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical symptoms of Dengue vary from mild febrile illness to severe infection. A potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-17, secreted by mainly Th17 cells mediate inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Role of IL-17 in pathogenesis of dengue virus (DV) infection is not clear. METHODS Total 211 dengue patients and 70 healthy controls were enrolled. IL-17 level was tested in serum samples from all cases and controls. Cases were grouped as either dengue or severe dengue; based on WHO (2009) classification. Anti DV IgG antibody detection and DV serotype specific PCR were also done. Levels of IL-17 in dengue and severe dengue patients, primary and secondary DV infection were compared. Association of DV serotypes with severity of illness and various clinical and laboratory features with IL-17 levels were analyzed. RESULTS Of total 211cases, 90 and 121cases were presenting as dengue and severe dengue illness, respectively. Levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in dengue patients as compared to control. Mean level of IL-17 was higher in severe cases than non severe cases; however difference was not statistically significant. Stratified analysis of IL-17 level in different age group showed significantly high IL-17 levels in children with severe dengue. Mean level of IL-17 was also significantly higher in cases with secondary DV infection in comparison to primary DV infection. Levels of IL-17 were higher in patients with DV-2 infection in comparison to cases with DV-1 and DV-3 infection. Significant positive association of high IL-17 levels was seen with pleural effusion and respiratory distress. CONCLUSION IL-17 appears to be associated with severe DV infection. It is very important to understand the exact role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of severe DV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, K. G. Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that host genetic factors are relevant and predispose DHF/DSS development. Here, we review the host genetic studies concerning human leucocyte antigens, antibody receptors, immune/inflammatory mediators, attachment molecules, cytokines and other factors exerting an immunoregulatory effect as well as the current genome-wide association studies. We also discuss some viewpoints on future challenges related to the design of safe and effective prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Bourgeois MA, Denslow ND, Seino KS, Barber DS, Long MT. Gene expression analysis in the thalamus and cerebrum of horses experimentally infected with West Nile virus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24371. [PMID: 21991302 PMCID: PMC3186766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection was profiled in the central nervous system of horses. Pyrosequencing and library annotation was performed on pooled RNA from the CNS and lymphoid tissues on horses experimentally infected with WNV (vaccinated and naïve) and non-exposed controls. These sequences were used to create a custom microarray enriched for neurological and immunological sequences to quantitate gene expression in the thalamus and cerebrum of three experimentally infected groups of horses (naïve/WNV exposed, vaccinated/WNV exposed, and normal).From the sequenced transcriptome, 41,040 sequences were identified by alignment against five databases. 31,357 good sequence hits (e<10(-4)) were obtained with 3.1% of the sequences novel to the equine genome project. Sequences were compared to human expressed sequence tag database, with 31,473 equine sequences aligning to human sequences (69.27% contigs, 78.13% seed contigs, 80.17% singlets). This indicated a high degree of sequence homology between human and equine transcriptome (average identity 90.17%).Significant differences (p<0.05) in gene expression were seen due to virus exposure (9,020), survival (7,395), and location (7,649). Pathways analysis revealed many genes that mapped to neurological and immunological categories. Involvement of both innate and adaptive components of immunity was seen, with higher levels of expression correlating with survival. This was highlighted by increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in horses exposed to WNV which functions to suppress innate immunity. Pentraxin 3 was most increased in expression for all horses exposed to WNV.Neurological pathways that demonstrated the greatest changes in gene expression included neurotransmitter and signaling pathways. Decreased expression of transcripts in both the glutamate and dopamine signaling pathways was seen in horses exposed to WNV, providing evidence of possible glutamate excitotoxicity and clinical signs associated with decreased dopamine. Many transcripts mapped to non-infectious neurological disease functions, including mental disorders and degenerative neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Bourgeois
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kathy S. Seino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - David S. Barber
- Department of Physiological Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maureen T. Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Sierra B, Perez AB, Vogt K, Garcia G, Schmolke K, Aguirre E, Alvarez M, Volk HD, Guzman MG. MCP-1 and MIP-1α expression in a model resembling early immune response to dengue. Cytokine 2010; 52:175-83. [PMID: 20650649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus has become endemic in most tropical urban areas throughout the world, and DHF has appeared concomitantly with this expansion. The intensity of dengue virus replication during the early stages of infection could determine clinical outcomes; therefore, it is important to understand the impact of dengue virus infection on the earliest immune defense against microbial infection, which also strongly regulates the adaptive immune responses. This study was aimed at evaluating the expression of the CC-chemokines MIP-1α/CCL3 and MCP-1/CCL2 in peripheral blood leukocytes using an ex vivo model resembling dengue infection in vivo, in subjects with a well characterized dengue immune background, due to the exceptional Cuban epidemiological situation in dengue. The expression of IFNγ, TNFα and IL10 was also evaluated, giving insight about the role of MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. From individuals with different dengue immune background after dengue virus challenge, increased and different expression of the chemokines and cytokines studied was verified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, thus demonstrating that the previous immunity to a dengue virus serotype has a strong influence on the early immune response after dengue re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sierra
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodia Km. 6 ½, La Lisa, Havana City, Cuba.
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Li LL, Hu ST, Wang SH, Lee HH, Wang YT, Ping YH. Positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) contributes to dengue virus-stimulated induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Cell Microbiol 2010; 12:1589-603. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA to human dendritic cells to suppress dengue virus infection and associated proinflammatory cytokine production. J Virol 2009; 84:2490-501. [PMID: 20015996 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02105-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a common arthropod-borne flaviviral infection in the tropics, for which there is no vaccine or specific antiviral drug. The infection is often associated with serious complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), in which both viral and host factors have been implicated. RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent antiviral strategy and a potential therapeutic option for dengue if a feasible strategy can be developed for delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, the major in vivo targets of the virus and also the source of proinflammatory cytokines. Here we show that a dendritic cell-targeting 12-mer peptide (DC3) fused to nona-D-arginine (9dR) residues (DC3-9dR) delivers siRNA and knocks down endogenous gene expression in heterogenous DC subsets, (monocyte-derived DCs [MDDCs], CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cell [HSC])-derived Langerhans DCs, and peripheral blood DCs). Moreover, DC3-9dR-mediated delivery of siRNA targeting a highly conserved sequence in the dengue virus envelope gene (siFvE(D)) effectively suppressed dengue virus replication in MDDCs and macrophages. In addition, DC-specific delivery of siRNA targeting the acute-phase cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), which plays a major role in dengue pathogenesis, either alone or in combination with an antiviral siRNA, significantly reduced virus-induced production of the cytokine in MDDCs. Finally to validate the strategy in vivo, we tested the ability of the peptide to target human DCs in the NOD/SCID/IL-2Rgamma(-/-) mouse model engrafted with human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HuHSC mice). Treatment of mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection of DC3-9dR-complexed siRNA targeting TNF-alpha effectively suppressed poly(I:C)-induced TNF-alpha production by DCs. Thus, DC3-9dR can deliver siRNA to DCs both in vitro and in vivo, and this delivery approach holds promise as a therapeutic strategy to simultaneously suppress virus replication and curb virus-induced detrimental host immune responses in dengue infection.
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Abstract
Disease caused by flavivirus infections is an increasing world health problem. Flavivirus nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) possesses enzymatic activities required for capping and synthesis of the viral RNA genome and is essential for virus replication. NS5 is comprised of two domains. The N-terminal domain binds GTP and can perform two biochemically distinct methylation reactions required for RNA cap formation. The C-terminal domain contains RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. As such, NS5 is an interesting target against which antiviral drugs could be developed and research toward this goal has accelerated our understanding of NS5 structure and function in recent years. The production and purification of recombinant versions of either the full-length NS5 or the two individual NS5 domains has led to detailed enzymatic studies on NS5 and the determination of structures of the two NS5 domains. In turn, studies using a combination of structural, biochemical, and reverse genetic approaches are revealing how NS5 performs its multifunctional roles in genome replication. Aside from its localization in the membrane-bound replication complex, NS5 can be found free in the cytoplasm and for some flaviviruses in the nucleus of virus-infected cells. NS5 is phosphorylated which may potentially regulate NS5 function and trafficking. Recently, NS5 of a number of flaviviruses has been shown to interact with cellular pathways involved in the host immune response, suggesting that NS5 may play a role in viral pathogenesis. This chapter reviews recent advances in our understanding of the multifunctional roles played by NS5 in the virus lifecycle.
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Secretome of HepG2 cells infected with dengue virus: Implications for pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1607-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guerfali FZ, Laouini D, Guizani-Tabbane L, Ottones F, Ben-Aissa K, Benkahla A, Manchon L, Piquemal D, Smandi S, Mghirbi O, Commes T, Marti J, Dellagi K. Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with Leishmania major parasites using SAGE. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:238. [PMID: 18495030 PMCID: PMC2430024 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania (L) are intracellular protozoan parasites that are able to survive and replicate within the harsh and potentially hostile phagolysosomal environment of mammalian mononuclear phagocytes. A complex interplay then takes place between the macrophage (MΦ) striving to eliminate the pathogen and the parasite struggling for its own survival. To investigate this host-parasite conflict at the transcriptional level, in the context of monocyte-derived human MΦs (MDM) infection by L. major metacyclic promastigotes, the quantitative technique of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used. Results After extracting mRNA from resting human MΦs, Leishmania-infected human MΦs and L. major parasites, three SAGE libraries were constructed and sequenced generating up to 28,173; 57,514 and 33,906 tags respectively (corresponding to 12,946; 23,442 and 9,530 unique tags). Using computational data analysis and direct comparison to 357,888 publicly available experimental human tags, the parasite and the host cell transcriptomes were then simultaneously characterized from the mixed cellular extract, confidently discriminating host from parasite transcripts. This procedure led us to reliably assign 3,814 tags to MΦs' and 3,666 tags to L. major parasites transcripts. We focused on these, showing significant changes in their expression that are likely to be relevant to the pathogenesis of parasite infection: (i) human MΦs genes, belonging to key immune response proteins (e.g., IFNγ pathway, S100 and chemokine families) and (ii) a group of Leishmania genes showing a preferential expression at the parasite's intra-cellular developing stage. Conclusion Dual SAGE transcriptome analysis provided a useful, powerful and accurate approach to discriminating genes of human or parasitic origin in Leishmania-infected human MΦs. The findings presented in this work suggest that the Leishmania parasite modulates key transcripts in human MΦs that may be beneficial for its establishment and survival. Furthermore, these results provide an overview of gene expression at two developmental stages of the parasite, namely metacyclic promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and indicate a broad difference between their transcriptomic profiles. Finally, our reported set of expressed genes will be useful in future rounds of data mining and gene annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Z Guerfali
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pathologie, Vaccinologie et Génétique Moléculaire, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Leishmaniasis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia.
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de Kruif MD, Setiati TE, Mairuhu ATA, Koraka P, Aberson HA, Spek CA, Osterhaus ADME, Reitsma PH, Brandjes DPM, Soemantri A, van Gorp ECM. Differential gene expression changes in children with severe dengue virus infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2:e215. [PMID: 18398488 PMCID: PMC2274954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The host response to dengue virus infection is characterized by the production of numerous cytokines, but the overall picture appears to be complex. It has been suggested that a balance may be involved between protective and pathologic immune responses. This study aimed to define differential immune responses in association with clinical outcomes by gene expression profiling of a selected panel of inflammatory genes in whole blood samples from children with severe dengue infections. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Whole blood mRNA from 56 Indonesian children with severe dengue virus infections was analyzed during early admission and at day -1, 0, 1, and 5-8 after defervescence. Levels were related to baseline levels collected at a 1-month follow-up visit. Processing of mRNA was performed in a single reaction by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, measuring mRNA levels from genes encoding 36 inflammatory proteins and 14 Toll-like receptor (TLR)-associated molecules. The inflammatory gene profiles showed up-regulation during infection of eight genes, including IFNG and IL12A, which indicated an antiviral response. On the contrary, genes associated with the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway were down-regulated, including NFKB1, NFKB2, TNFR1, IL1B, IL8, and TNFA. Many of these NF-kappaB pathway-related genes, but not IFNG or IL12A, correlated with adverse clinical events such as development of pleural effusion and hemorrhagic manifestations. The TLR profile showed that TLRs were differentially activated during severe dengue infections: increased expression of TLR7 and TLR4R3 was found together with a decreased expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4R4, and TLR4 co-factor CD14. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data show that different immunological pathways are differently expressed and associated with different clinical outcomes in children with severe dengue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn D de Kruif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kou Z, Quinn M, Chen H, Rodrigo WWSI, Rose RC, Schlesinger JJ, Jin X. Monocytes, but not T or B cells, are the principal target cells for dengue virus (DV) infection among human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Med Virol 2008; 80:134-46. [PMID: 18041019 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome requires the precise identification of dengue virus (DV) permissive target cells. To examine the relative DV permissiveness among cell subsets, we inoculated unfractionated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with DV2-16681 in the presence or absence of pooled DV-immune human sera (PHS), and assessed infection with fluorescent dye labeled DV-specific monoclonal antibody and cell surface markers using flow cytometry. We found significantly higher levels of DV antigen staining on DV-infected than mock-infected primary monocytes (3.54 +/- 3.42% vs. 0.50 +/- 0.38%; P = 0.001). The magnitude of infection was markedly enhanced in the presence of highly diluted PHS (10.04 +/- 6.10% vs. 3.54 +/- 3.42%; P = 0.015). Under identical experimental conditions, primary T or B cells were not infected either with or without the addition of PHS (0.06 +/- 0.04% and 0.44 +/- 0.22% for T and B cells, respectively). Furthermore, depletion of CD14+ monocytes prior to DV inoculation abrogated the detection of infected cells, and the addition of monoclonal antibodies to either FcgammaRI (CD64) or FcgammaRII (CD32) led to a 50-70% reduction in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of DV infection. Collectively, these results provide further support to the notion that primary monocytes and FcgammaRs expressed on these cells may be important in the initial steps of immune enhancement observed in some patients with natural DV infection. They also demonstrate that using modern experimental technology, DV infection, and neutralization and enhancement of DV infection can be easily assessed simultaneously in multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Kou
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Host gene expression profiling of dengue virus infection in cell lines and patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2007; 1:e86. [PMID: 18060089 PMCID: PMC2100376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the seriousness of dengue-related disease, with an estimated 50–100 million cases of dengue fever and 250,000–500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome each year, a clear understanding of dengue pathogenesis remains elusive. Because of the lack of a disease model in animals and the complex immune interaction in dengue infection, the study of host response and immunopathogenesis is difficult. The development of genomics technology, microarray and high throughput quantitative PCR have allowed researchers to study gene expression changes on a much broader scale. We therefore used this approach to investigate the host response in dengue virus-infected cell lines and in patients developing dengue fever. Methodology/Principal Findings Using microarray and high throughput quantitative PCR method to monitor the host response to dengue viral replication in cell line infection models and in dengue patient blood samples, we identified differentially expressed genes along three major pathways; NF-κB initiated immune responses, type I interferon (IFN) and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Among the most highly upregulated genes were the chemokines IP-10 and I-TAC, both ligands of the CXCR3 receptor. Increased expression of IP-10 and I-TAC in the peripheral blood of ten patients at the early onset of fever was confirmed by ELISA. A highly upregulated gene in the IFN pathway, viperin, was overexpressed in A549 cells resulting in a significant reduction in viral replication. The upregulation of genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway prompted the testing of proteasome inhibitors MG-132 and ALLN, both of which reduced viral replication. Conclusion/Significance Unbiased gene expression analysis has identified new host genes associated with dengue infection, which we have validated in functional studies. We showed that some parts of the host response can be used as potential biomarkers for the disease while others can be used to control dengue viral replication, thus representing viable targets for drug therapy. Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-born viral disease affecting humans, yet there is, at present, no drug treatment for the disease nor are there any validated host targets for therapeutic intervention. Using microarray technology to monitor the response of virtually every human gene, we aimed to identify the ways in which humans interact with dengue virus during infection in order to discover new therapeutic targets that could be exploited to control viral replication. From the activated genes, we identified three pathways common to in vitro and in vivo infection; the NF-κB initiated immune pathway, the type I interferon pathway, and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. We next found that inhibiting the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, or activating the type I interferon pathway, resulted in significant inhibition of viral replication. However, inhibiting the NF-κB initiated immune pathway had no effect on viral replication. We suggest that drugs that target the ubiquitin proteasome pathway may prove effective at killing the dengue virus, and, if used therapeutically, improve clinical outcome in dengue disease.
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Warke RV, Martin KJ, Giaya K, Shaw SK, Rothman AL, Bosch I. TRAIL is a novel antiviral protein against dengue virus. J Virol 2007; 82:555-64. [PMID: 17913827 PMCID: PMC2224358 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01694-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is an important tropical illness for which there is currently no virus-specific treatment. To shed light on mechanisms involved in the cellular response to dengue virus (DV), we assessed gene expression changes, using Affymetrix GeneChips (HG-U133A), of infected primary human cells and identified changes common to all cells. The common response genes included a set of 23 genes significantly induced upon DV infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and B cells (analysis of variance, P < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), one of the common response genes, was identified as a key link between type I and type II interferon response genes. We found that DV induces TRAIL expression in immune cells and HUVECs at the mRNA and protein levels. The induction of TRAIL expression by DV was found to be dependent on an intact type I interferon signaling pathway. A significant increase in DV RNA accumulation was observed in anti-TRAIL antibody-treated monocytes, B cells, and HUVECs, and, conversely, a decrease in DV RNA was seen in recombinant TRAIL-treated monocytes. Furthermore, recombinant TRAIL inhibited DV titers in DV-infected DCs by an apoptosis-independent mechanism. These data suggest that TRAIL plays an important role in the antiviral response to DV infection and is a candidate for antiviral interventions against DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajas V Warke
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, S6-712, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are ancient components of the innate immune system and have been isolated from organisms spanning the phylogenetic spectrum. Over an evolutionary time span, these peptides have retained potency, in the face of highly mutable target microorganisms. This fact suggests important coevolutionary influences in the host-pathogen relationship. Despite their diverse origins, the majority of antimicrobial peptides have common biophysical parameters that are likely essential for activity, including small size, cationicity, and amphipathicity. Although more than 900 different antimicrobial peptides have been characterized, most can be grouped as belonging to one of three structural classes: (1) linear, often of alpha-helical propensity; (2) cysteine stabilized, most commonly conforming to beta-sheet structure; and (3) those with one or more predominant amino acid residues, but variable in structure. Interestingly, these biophysical and structural features are retained in ribosomally as well as nonribosomally synthesized peptides. Therefore, it appears that a relatively limited set of physicochemical features is required for antimicrobial peptide efficacy against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens. During the past several years, a number of themes have emerged within the field of antimicrobial peptide immunobiology. One developing area expands upon known microbicidal mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides to include targets beyond the plasma membrane. Examples include antimicrobial peptide activity involving structures such as extracellular polysaccharide and cell wall components, as well as the identification of an increasing number of intracellular targets. Additional areas of interest include an expanding recognition of antimicrobial peptide multifunctionality, and the identification of large antimicrobial proteins, and antimicrobial peptide or protein fragments derived thereof. The following discussion highlights such recent developments in antimicrobial peptide immunobiology, with an emphasis on the biophysical aspects of host-defense polypeptide action and mechanisms of microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannette Y Yount
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
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Lee YR, Liu MT, Lei HY, Liu CC, Wu JM, Tung YC, Lin YS, Yeh TM, Chen SH, Liu HS. MCP-1, a highly expressed chemokine in dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome patients, may cause permeability change, possibly through reduced tight junctions of vascular endothelium cells. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:3623-3630. [PMID: 17098977 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular leakage, one hallmark of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome, has been linked to the mediators secreted from cells in the circulatory system. In this study, extremely high expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were found in the plasma of DHF patients compared with low MCP-1 expression levels in the plasma of enterovirus 71-infected patients. It was also found that MCP-1 expression was induced in dengue virus 2 (DV2)-infected monocytes and lymphocytes, but not in liver or endothelial cells. Exposing monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to recombinant human MCP-1 (rhMCP-1) or to the culture supernatant of DV2-infected human monocytes increased the vascular permeability of the cells. MCP-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibody only partially prevented monolayer permeability change. Consistently, the distribution of the tight junction protein ZO-1 on the cellular membranes of HUVECs was disrupted by rhMCP-1 or by the conditioned medium of DV2-infected monocytes. In summary, it was found that the increased permeability and disrupted tight junctions of human vascular endothelium cells were effected through a mechanism partially dependent on MCP-1, which was secreted by DV2-infected monocytes and lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ray Lee
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tao Liu
- Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yao Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ming Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tung
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Da-Shue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Hirsch AJ, Medigeshi GR, Meyers HL, DeFilippis V, Früh K, Briese T, Lipkin WI, Nelson JA. The Src family kinase c-Yes is required for maturation of West Nile virus particles. J Virol 2005; 79:11943-51. [PMID: 16140770 PMCID: PMC1212629 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.18.11943-11951.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cellular genes in West Nile virus (WNV) replication is not well understood. Examination of cellular transcripts upregulated during WNV infection revealed an increase in the expression of the src family kinase (SFK) c-Yes. WNV-infected cell lines treated with the SFK inhibitor PP2 demonstrated a 2- to 4-log decrease in viral titers, suggesting that SFK activity is required for completion of the viral replication cycle. RNA interference mediated knock-down of c-Yes, but not c-Src, and similarly reduced virus yield, specifically implicating c-Yes in WNV production. Interestingly, PP2 treatment did not reduce intracellular levels of either viral RNA or protein, suggesting that the drug does not act on the early stages of replication. However, endoglycosidase H (endoH) digestion of the viral envelope (E) glycoprotein revealed that the acquisition of endoH-resistant glycans by E, but not endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I, was reduced in PP2-treated cells, demonstrating that E specifically does not traffic beyond the endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of SFK activity. Electron microscopy further revealed that PP2-treated WNV-infected cells accumulated an increased number of virions in the ER compared to untreated cells. Therefore, we conclude that inhibition of SFK activity did not interfere with virus assembly but prevented transit of virions through the secretory pathway. These results identify c-Yes as a cellular protein that is involved in WNV assembly and egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.
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