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Salimizadeh Z, Enferadi ST, Majidizadeh T, Mahjoubi F. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds on HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:732. [PMID: 38872006 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to elucidate the potential anticancer activity and mechanism of P. harmala's alkaloid extract, harmine (HAR), and harmaline (HAL) in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS P. harmala's alkaloid was extracted from harmala seeds. HCT-116 cells were treated with P. harmala's alkaloid extract, HAR and HAL. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay, apoptotic activity detected via flow cytometry and acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) dual staining, and cell cycle distribution analyzed with flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) was measured by real-time PCR. Furthermore, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, GSK3β and p53 proteins, were determined by western blotting. The findings indicated that, P. harmala's alkaloids extract, HAR and HAL were significantly cytotoxic toward HCT116 cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment. We showed that P. harmala's alkaloid extract induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2 phase in the HCT116 cell line. Downregulation of GSK3β and Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax and p53 were observed. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that the P. harmala's alkaloid extract has anticancer activity and may be further investigated to develop future anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salimizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Tahmasebi Enferadi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Majidizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frouzandeh Mahjoubi
- Department of Medical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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de Haan LR, van Golen RF, Heger M. Molecular Pathways Governing the Termination of Liver Regeneration. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:500-558. [PMID: 38697856 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has the unique capacity to regenerate, and up to 70% of the liver can be removed without detrimental consequences to the organism. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving multiple signaling networks and organs. Liver regeneration proceeds through three phases: the initiation phase, the growth phase, and the termination phase. Termination of liver regeneration occurs when the liver reaches a liver-to-body weight that is required for homeostasis, the so-called "hepatostat." The initiation and growth phases have been the subject of many studies. The molecular pathways that govern the termination phase, however, remain to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the pathways and molecules that signal the cessation of liver regrowth after partial hepatectomy and answers the question, "What factors drive the hepatostat?" SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Unraveling the pathways underlying the cessation of liver regeneration enables the identification of druggable targets that will allow us to gain pharmacological control over liver regeneration. For these purposes, it would be useful to understand why the regenerative capacity of the liver is hampered under certain pathological circumstances so as to artificially modulate the regenerative processes (e.g., by blocking the cessation pathways) to improve clinical outcomes and safeguard the patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Rowan F van Golen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
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Lan D, Wang J, Sun G, Jiang L, Chen Q, Li S, Qu H, Wang Y, Wu B. Abnormal upregulation of NUBP2 contributes to cancer progression in colorectal cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04956-8. [PMID: 38492158 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a digestive tract malignancy with high mortality and morbidity, lacks effective biomarkers for clinical prognosis due to its complex molecular pathogenesis. Nucleotide binding protein 2 (NUBP2) plays a vital role in the assembly of cytosolic Fe/S protein and has been implicated in cancer progression. In this study, we found that NUBP2 was highly expressed in CRC by TCGA database analysis. Subsequently, we verified the expression of NUBP2 in CRC tumor tissues and para-carcinoma tissues using IHC staining, and further investigated its association with clinicopathological parameters. In vitro cell experiments were conducted to assess the role of NUBP2 in CRC by evaluating cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis upon NUBP2 dysregulation. Furthermore, we established a subcutaneous CRC model to evaluate the impact of NUBP2 on tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, we performed mechanistic exploration using a Human Phospho-Kinase Array-Membrane. Our results showed higher expression of NUBP2 in CRC tissues, which positively correlated with the pathological stage, indicating its involvement in tumor malignancy. Functional studies demonstrated that NUBP2 knockdown reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and impaired migration ability. Moreover, NUBP2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in mice. We also observed significant changes in the phosphorylation level of GSK3β upon NUBP2 knockdown or overexpression. Additionally, treatment with CHIR-99021 HCl, an inhibitor of GSK3β, reversed the malignant phenotype induced by NUBP2 overexpression. Overall, this study elucidated the functional role of NUBP2 in CRC progression both in vitro and in vivo, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC and potential implications for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Guishun Sun
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lixia Jiang
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiyun Chen
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiyan Qu
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jingbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Wu Y, Luo J, Xu B. Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Study of Geniposide Regulating Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15222. [PMID: 37894904 PMCID: PMC10607277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the mechanism of geniposide regulating oxidative stress in colorectal cancer (CRC) through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Targets of geniposide, oxidative stress-related targets and targets related to CRC were applied from databases. The hub genes for geniposide regulating oxidative stress in CRC were identified with the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Furthermore, we applied Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment to analyze the hub genes from a macro perspective. We verified the hub genes by molecular docking, GEPIA, HPA and starBase database. We identified five hub genes: IL1B, GSK3B, NOS3, RELA and CDK4. GO analysis results suggested that the anti-colorectal cancer effect of geniposide by regulating oxidative stress is possibly related to the influence of multiple biological processes, including response to temperature stimulus, response to alkaloid, nitric oxide biosynthetic process, nitric oxide metabolic process, reactive nitrogen species metabolic process, cellular response to peptide, etc. KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway are likely to be the significant pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the geniposide had a good binding activity with the hub genes. This study demonstrates that geniposide can regulate oxidative stress in CRC, and induction of oxidative stress is one of the possible mechanisms of anti-recurrence and metastasis effects of geniposide against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Xie H, Lin Y, Fang F. AR-A014418, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rat dental pulp stem cells via NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome impairment. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1534-1543. [PMID: 37799857 PMCID: PMC10548004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Cell pyroptosis and gingival inflammation have been implicated in periodontitis progression. Our previous study revealed that AR-A014418, a pharmacological inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), can enhance the migratory and osteogenic differentiation abilities of rat dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs). The present study aimed to explore the effect of AR on the inflammation of rDPSCs. Materials and methods The primary rDPSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry, as well as Oil red O and Alizarin Red S staining. The rDPSCs were cultured and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) before treating them with different concentrations of AR-A014418. The cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. The generation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, TNF-α, L-1β, and IL-6) were examined by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. To investigate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the expression levels of pro-caspase 1, cleaved caspase 1, as well as NLRP3 were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Results In the rDPSCs, LPS prohibited cell viability and enhanced the generation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LPS upregulated NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 protein levels and promoted ASC speck formation in the rDPSCs. AR-A014418 administration effectively blocked the LPS-induced inflammation of the rDPSCs in a dose-dependent way. Mechanistically, AR-A014418 significantly restrained the up-regulation of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in LPS-treated rDPSCs. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest that AR-A014418 significantly mitigates LPS-induced inflammation of rDPSCs by blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Xie
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Balboni B, Masi M, Rocchia W, Girotto S, Cavalli A. GSK-3β Allosteric Inhibition: A Dead End or a New Pharmacological Frontier? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087541. [PMID: 37108703 PMCID: PMC10139115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most kinase inhibitors are designed to bind to highly homologous ATP-binding sites, which leads to promiscuity and possible off-target effects. Allostery is an alternative approach to pursuing selectivity. However, allostery is difficult to exploit due to the wide variety of underlying mechanisms and the potential involvement of long-range conformational effects that are difficult to pinpoint. GSK-3β is involved in several pathologies. This critical target has an ATP-binding site that is highly homologous with the orthosteric sites of other kinases. Unsurprisingly, there is also great similarity between the ATP-binding sites of GSK-3β and its isomer, which is not redundant and thus would benefit from selective inhibition. Allostery would also allow for a moderate and tunable inhibition, which is ideal for GSK-3β, because this target is involved in multiple pathways, some of which must be preserved. However, despite considerable research efforts, only one allosteric GSK-3β inhibitor has reached the clinic. Moreover, unlike other kinases, there are no X-ray structures of GSK-3β in complex with allosteric inhibitors in the PDB data bank. This review aims to summarize the state of the art in allosteric GSK-3β inhibitor investigations, highlighting the aspects that make this target challenging for an allosteric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Balboni
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Walter Rocchia
- Computational mOdelling of NanosCalE and bioPhysical sysTems (CONCEPT) Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Structural Biophysics and Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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Li S, Pritchard DM, Yu LG. Galectin-3 promotes secretion of proteases that decrease epithelium integrity in human colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:268. [PMID: 37055381 PMCID: PMC10102123 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a galactoside-binding protein that is commonly overexpressed in many epithelial cancers. It is increasingly recognized as a multi-functional, multi-mode promoter in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. This study reports that galectin-3 secretion by human colon cancer cells induces cancer cell secretion, in an autocrine/paracrine manner, of a number of proteases including cathepsin-B, MMP-1 and MMP-13. The secretion of these proteases causes disruption of epithelial monolayer integrity, increases its permeability and promotes tumour cell invasion. This effect of galectin-3 is shown to be mediated through induction of cellular PYK2-GSK3α/β signalling and can be prevented by the presence of galectin-3 binding inhibitors. This study thus reveals an important mechanism in galectin-3-mediated promotion of cancer progression and metastasis. It provides further evidence to the increased realization of galectin-3 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Mark Pritchard
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Systemic TM4SF5 overexpression in Apc Min/+ mice promotes hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis. BMB Rep 2022; 55:609-614. [PMID: 36104259 PMCID: PMC9813423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the gene for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), as seen in ApcMin/+ mice, leads to intestinal adenomas and carcinomas via stabilization of β-catenin. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. However, the functional linkage between TM4SF5 and APC or β-catenin has not been investigated for pathological outcomes. After interbreeding ApcMin/+ with TM4SF5-overexpressing transgenic (TgTM4SF5) mice, we explored pathological outcomes in the intestines and livers of the offspring. The intestines of 26-week-old dual-transgenic mice (ApcMin/+:TgTM4SF5) had intramucosal adenocarcinomas beyond the single-crypt adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. Additional TM4SF5 overexpression increased the stabilization of β-catenin via reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation on Ser9. Additionally, the livers of the dualtransgenic mice showed distinct sinusoidal dilatation and features of hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis, more than did the relatively normal livers in ApcMin/+ mice. Interestingly, TM4SF5 overexpression in the liver was positively linked to increased GSK3β phosphorylation (opposite to that seen in the colon), β-catenin level, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, indicating fibrotic phenotypes. Consistent with these results, 78-week-old TgTM4SF5 mice similarly had sinusoidal dilatation, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Altogether, systemic overexpression of TM4SF5 aggravates pathological abnormalities in both the colon and the liver. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 609-614].
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Lee J, Kim E, Kang MK, Ryu J, Kim JE, Shin EA, Pinanga Y, Pyo KH, Lee H, Lee EH, Cho H, Cheon J, Kim W, Jho EH, Kim S, Lee JW. Systemic TM4SF5 overexpression in Apc Min/+ mice promotes hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis. BMB Rep 2022; 55:609-614. [PMID: 36104259 PMCID: PMC9813423 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the gene for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), as seen in ApcMin/+ mice, leads to intestinal adenomas and carcinomas via stabilization of β-catenin. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. However, the functional linkage between TM4SF5 and APC or β-catenin has not been investigated for pathological outcomes. After interbreeding ApcMin/+ with TM4SF5-overexpressing transgenic (TgTM4SF5) mice, we explored pathological outcomes in the intestines and livers of the offspring. The intestines of 26-week-old dual-transgenic mice (ApcMin/+:TgTM4SF5) had intramucosal adenocarcinomas beyond the single-crypt adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. Additional TM4SF5 overexpression increased the stabilization of β-catenin via reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation on Ser9. Additionally, the livers of the dualtransgenic mice showed distinct sinusoidal dilatation and features of hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis, more than did the relatively normal livers in ApcMin/+ mice. Interestingly, TM4SF5 overexpression in the liver was positively linked to increased GSK3β phosphorylation (opposite to that seen in the colon), β-catenin level, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, indicating fibrotic phenotypes. Consistent with these results, 78-week-old TgTM4SF5 mice similarly had sinusoidal dilatation, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Altogether, systemic overexpression of TM4SF5 aggravates pathological abnormalities in both the colon and the liver. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 609-614].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Jihye Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | | | | | - Haesong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eun Hae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Heejin Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | | | - Wonsik Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells via the β-catenin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:802-810. [PMID: 35756816 PMCID: PMC9201544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibitor enhances bone formation, while dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are potentially used to repair bone defects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of AR-A014418 (AR, a specific glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor) on the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat-derived dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs), and further explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods rDPSCs were isolated from rats, and then cultured with different concentrations of AR with or without LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). Then, cell viability, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and the involvement of PI3K pathway were detected by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, Alizarin Red S Staining, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Western blot, and RT-PCR, respectively. Results Our present study demonstrated that AR of various concentrations (1 μM, 2.5 μM, and 5 μM) not only promoted the rDPSC proliferation and migration, but also increased calcium deposition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and levels of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, OPN, OCN, and OSX) in rDPSCs. It was also found that the administration of AR resulted in an increase in the expression level of p-GSK3β (Ser), β-catenin, p-PI3K, and p-Akt, and a reduction in p-GSK3β (Tyr216). Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the enhanced cell migration and osteogenic differentiation of rDPSCs induced by AR. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that AR significantly promotes migration and osteogenic differentiation of rDPSCs by activating β-catenin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Sharma V, Joshi J, Yeh IJ, Doughman Y, Blankenberg D, Wald D, Montano MM. Re-Expression of ERα and AR in Receptor Negative Endocrine Cancers via GSK3 Inhibition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:824594. [PMID: 35402240 PMCID: PMC8988137 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.824594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), is a well-characterized epigenetic modification in cancer cells. In particular, promoter hypermethylation of AR and ESR1 results in loss of expression on Androgen Receptor (AR) and Estrogen Receptor (ER), respectively, and is associated with a hormone refractory state. We now report that Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) phosphorylates DNMT1 at S714, which is localized to a 62 amino acid region referred to as auto-inhibitory linker, which functions to occlude the DNA from the active site of DNMT1 to prevent the methylation of unmethylated DNA. Molecular Dynamics simulation indicates that phosphorylation at S714 resulted in conformational rearrangement of the autoinhibitory domain that inactivated its ability to block the methylation of unmethylated DNA and resulted in enhanced DNA binding. Treatment with a novel and more selective inhibitor of GSK3 resulted in decreased methylation of the promoter region of genes encoding the Androgen Receptor (AR) and Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERa) and re-expression of the AR and ERa in AR negative prostate cancer and ER negative breast cancer cells, respectively. As a result, concurrent treatment with the GSK3 inhibitor resulted in responsiveness of AR negative prostate cancer and ER negative breast cancer cells to inhibitors of the AR or ER, respectively, in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jayadev Joshi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - I-Ju Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - YongQiu Doughman
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Blankenberg
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David Wald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Monica M. Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Monica M. Montano,
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Qi X, Zuo J, Yan D, Hu G, Wang R, Chen J, Fu J. A NOD-Like Receptor Signaling-Based Gene Signature Identified as a
Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Predicting Overall Survival of Colorectal
Cancer Patients. Curr Bioinform 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893616666211005122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the most frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal
tract malignant tumor worldwide, which is closely associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis.
Due to high degree of heterogeneity, reliable prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed to guide the
therapeutic intervention of CRC patients.
Objective:
The present study aimed to develop a NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs) signaling-based gene
signature that can successfully predict the overall survival of CRC patients.
Methods:
Firstly, differentially expressed NLR signaling-related genes were identified between primary
and metastatic human CRC samples. Genes with prognostic value were then screened through univariate
Cox regression analysis. Next, the NLR signaling-based prognostic signature was constructed by
LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis, and its predictive ability was further confirmed in an independent
cohort. Furthermore, functional studies including GO, GSEA, ssGSEA and chemotherapeutic
response analyses were performed to explore the role of the NLR signaling-based signature in CRC
pathogenesis and therapy.
Results:
The established prognostic signature that consisted of 7 NLR signaling-related genes can effectively
stratify the high-risk and low-risk CRC patients in both training and validation cohorts. Moreover,
the signature proved to be an independent indicator of overall survival in CRC patients. Functional annotation
and chemotherapeutic response analyses showed that the signature was closely associated with
immune status and chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC patients.
Conclusion:
The novel NLR signaling-based gene signature could serve as a potential tool for survival
prediction and therapeutic evaluation, thereby contributing to the personalized prognostic management
of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011 Suzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011 Suzhou, China
| | - Donghui Yan
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011 Suzhou, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011 Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011 Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaolong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011 Suzhou, China
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13
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Poloznikov A, Nikulin S, Bolotina L, Kachmazov A, Raigorodskaya M, Kudryavtseva A, Bakhtogarimov I, Rodin S, Gaisina I, Topchiy M, Asachenko A, Novosad V, Tonevitsky A, Alekseev B. 9-ING-41, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of GSK-3β, Potentiates the Effects of Chemotherapy on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:777114. [PMID: 34955846 PMCID: PMC8696016 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal types of cancer. Although researchers have made significant efforts to study the mechanisms underlying CRC drug resistance, our knowledge of this disease is still limited, and novel therapies are in high demand. It is urgent to find new targeted therapy considering limited chemotherapy options. KRAS mutations are the most frequent molecular alterations in CRC. However, there are no approved K-Ras targeted therapies for these tumors yet. GSK-3β is demonstrated to be a critically important kinase for the survival and proliferation of K-Ras–dependent pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we tested combinations of standard-of-care therapy and 9-ING-41, a small molecule inhibitor of GSK-3β, in CRC cell lines and patient-derived tumor organoid models of CRC. We demonstrate that 9-ING-41 inhibits the growth of CRC cells via a distinct from chemotherapy mechanism of action. Although molecular biomarkers of 9-ING-41 efficacy are yet to be identified, the addition of 9-ING-41 to the standard-of-care drugs 5-FU and oxaliplatin could significantly enhance growth inhibition in certain CRC cells. The results of the transcriptomic analysis support our findings of cell cycle arrest and DNA repair deficiency in 9-ING-41–treated CRC cells. Notably, we find substantial similarity in the changes of the transcriptomic profile after inhibition of GSK-3β and suppression of STK33, another critically important kinase for K-Ras–dependent cells, which could be an interesting point for future research. Overall, the results of this study provide a rationale for the further investigation of GSK-3 inhibitors in combination with standard-of-care treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Poloznikov
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Nikulin
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Larisa Bolotina
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Kachmazov
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildar Bakhtogarimov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Gaisina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maxim Topchiy
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Asachenko
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Novosad
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Scientific Research Centre Bioclinicum, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Alekseev
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Rashidieh B, Shohayeb B, Bain AL, Fortuna PRJ, Sinha D, Burgess A, Mills R, Adams RC, Lopez JA, Blumbergs P, Finnie J, Kalimutho M, Piper M, Hudson JE, Ng DCH, Khanna KK. Cep55 regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling is required for neocortical development and ciliogenesis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009334. [PMID: 34710087 PMCID: PMC8577787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous nonsense mutations in CEP55 are associated with several congenital malformations that lead to perinatal lethality suggesting that it plays a critical role in regulation of embryonic development. CEP55 has previously been studied as a crucial regulator of cytokinesis, predominantly in transformed cells, and its dysregulation is linked to carcinogenesis. However, its molecular functions during embryonic development in mammals require further investigation. We have generated a Cep55 knockout (Cep55-/-) mouse model which demonstrated preweaning lethality associated with a wide range of neural defects. Focusing our analysis on the neocortex, we show that Cep55-/- embryos exhibited depleted neural stem/progenitor cells in the ventricular zone as a result of significantly increased cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Cep55-loss downregulates the pGsk3β/β-Catenin/Myc axis in an Akt-dependent manner. The elevated apoptosis of neural stem/progenitors was recapitulated using Cep55-deficient human cerebral organoids and we could rescue the phenotype by inhibiting active Gsk3β. Additionally, we show that Cep55-loss leads to a significant reduction of ciliated cells, highlighting a novel role in regulating ciliogenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a critical role of Cep55 during brain development and provide mechanistic insights that may have important implications for genetic syndromes associated with Cep55-loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rashidieh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Belal Shohayeb
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | - Debottam Sinha
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Rachael C. Adams
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - J. Alejandro Lopez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Peter Blumbergs
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John Finnie
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Dominic C. H. Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
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15
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Ullah A, Ali N, Ahmad S, Rahman SU, Alghamdi S, Bannunah AM, Ali R, Aman A, Khan J, Hussain H, Sahibzada MUK. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) a magic enzyme: it's role in diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis, interactions with fluroquionlones. A mini-review. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e250179. [PMID: 34524376 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease throughout the world in which there is persistently high blood glucose level from the normal range. The diabetes and insulin resistance are mainly responsible for the morbidities and mortalities of humans in the world. This disease is mainly regulated by various enzymes and hormones among which Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a principle enzyme and insulin is the key hormone regulating it. The GSK-3, that is the key enzyme is normally showing its actions by various mechanisms that include its phosphorylation, formation of protein complexes, and other cellular distribution and thus it control and directly affects cellular morphology, its growth, mobility and apoptosis of the cell. Disturbances in the action of GSK-3 enzyme may leads to various disease conditions that include insulin resistance leading to diabetes, neurological disease like Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Fluoroquinolones are the most common class of drugs that shows dysglycemic effects via interacting with GSK-3 enzyme. Therefore, it is the need of the day to properly understand functions and mechanisms of GSK-3, especially its role in glucose homeostasis via effects on glycogen synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Ali
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S U Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Bannunah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Common First year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Ali
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Aman
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - J Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M U K Sahibzada
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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16
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HOXB5 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell through the activation of the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:828-835. [PMID: 32796404 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many homeobox (HOX) genes have been shown to be related to cancer progression. HOXB5, a member of the HOX genes, is overexpressed in retinoblastoma cancer and positively regulates the breast cancer cell proliferation as well as invasion. However, the role and underlying mechanism of HOXB5 in pancreatic cancer cells are still unclear. HOXB5 expression was measured in four pancreatic cancer cell lines, including PANC-1, ASPC-1, MIA-PaCa-2, and CFPAC-1. PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells were selected for cell transfection experiments. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining and cellular morphology were used to confirm the effect of HOXB5 dysregulation on pancreatic cancer cells. We found that HOXB5 was markedly expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines. HOXB5 overexpression contributed to proliferation, migration, and invasion in ASPC-1 cells, whereas HOXB5 knockdown decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Western blotting confirmed that overexpression of HOXB5 promoted the EMT process. Conversely, knockdown of HOXB5 alleviated EMT. Furthermore, knockdown of HOXB5 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via the Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin pathway. Our study demonstrates that HOXB5 is a tumor promoter in pancreatic cancer, and the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway is important in HOXB5-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells.
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17
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A Novel Screen for Expression Regulators of the Telomeric Protein TRF2 Identified Small Molecules That Impair TRF2 Dependent Immunosuppression and Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122998. [PMID: 34203903 PMCID: PMC8232760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The telomeric protein TRF2 (Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2) is upregulated in human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. TRF2 oncogenic properties rely on its intrinsic telomere protective role, but also on cell extrinsic effects through immunosuppressive and angiogenic activities. Therefore, targeting TRF2 appears as a promising therapeutic anti-cancer strategy. In this study, we developed a cell-based method to screen for TRF2 inhibitors allowing us to identify two compounds that blunt the TRF2 pro-oncogenic properties in vivo. Abstract Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) is a subunit of the shelterin protein complex, which binds to and protects telomeres from unwanted DNA damage response (DDR) activation. TRF2 expression plays a pivotal role in aging and cancer, being downregulated during cellular senescence and overexpressed during oncogenesis. Cancers overexpressing TRF2 often exhibit a poor prognosis. In cancer cells, TRF2 plays multiple functions, including telomere protection and non-cell autonomous roles, promoting neo-angiogenesis and immunosuppression. We present here an original screening strategy, which enables identification of small molecules that decrease or increase TRF2 expression. By screening a small library of Food and Drug Agency (FDA)-approved drugs, we identified two molecules (AR-A014418 and alexidine·2HCl) that impaired tumor growth, neo-angiogenesis and immunosuppression by downregulating TRF2 expression in a mouse xenograft model. These results support the chemotherapeutic strategy of downregulating TRF2 expression to treat aggressive human tumors and validate this cell-based assay capable of screening for potential anti-cancer and anti-aging molecules by modulating TRF2 expression levels.
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18
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Gao B, Zhao L, Wang F, Bai H, Li J, Li M, Hu X, Cao J, Wang G. Knockdown of ISOC1 inhibits the proliferation and migration and induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1123-1133. [PMID: 31740942 PMCID: PMC7422624 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isochorismatase domain-containing 1 (ISOC1) is a coding gene that contains an isochorismatase domain. The precise functions of ISOC1 in humans have not been clarified; however, studies have speculated that it may be involved in unknown metabolic pathways. Currently, it is reported that ISOC1 is associated with breast cancer. In this research, the aim is to investigate the critical role of ISOC1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to explore its biological function and mechanism in colon cancer cells. In 106 paired clinical samples, we found that the levels of ISOC1 expression were widely increased in cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues and that increased expression of ISOC1 was significantly associated with tumor size, tumor invasion, local lymph node metastasis and Tumor, Node and Metastasis (TNM) stage. Moreover, higher expression levels of ISOC1 were correlated with shorter disease-free survival in patients 2 years after surgery. In vitro, ISOC1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration and induced the apoptosis of colon cancer cells, and in vivo, the xenograft tumors were also inhibited by ISOC1 silencing. We also used MTS, Transwell and cell apoptosis assays to confirm that ISOC1 plays a critical role in regulating the biological functions of colon cancer cells through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Additionally, the results of confocal microscopy and western blot analysis indicated that ISOC1 knockdown could promote p-STAT1 translocation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanyu Bai
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuhua Hu
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Cao
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Kafka A, Bukovac A, Brglez E, Jarmek AM, Poljak K, Brlek P, Žarković K, Njirić N, Pećina-Šlaus N. Methylation Patterns of DKK1, DKK3 and GSK3β Are Accompanied with Different Expression Levels in Human Astrocytoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112530. [PMID: 34064046 PMCID: PMC8196684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes and protein expression levels of negative regulators of Wnt signaling, DKK1, DKK3, and APC as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) and β-catenin in 64 human astrocytomas of grades II-IV. Methylation-specific PCR revealed promoter methylation of DKK1, DKK3, and GSK3β in 38%, 43%, and 18% of samples, respectively. Grade IV comprised the lowest number of methylated GSK3β cases and highest of DKK3. Evaluation of the immunostaining using H-score was performed for β-catenin, both total and unphosphorylated (active) forms. Additionally, active (pY216) and inactive (pS9) forms of GSK3β protein were also analyzed. Spearman's correlation confirmed the prevalence of β-catenin's active form (rs = 0.634, p < 0.001) in astrocytoma tumor cells. The Wilcoxon test revealed that astrocytoma with higher levels of the active pGSK3β-Y216 form had lower expression levels of its inactive form (p < 0.0001, Z = -5.332). Changes in APC's exon 11 were observed in 44.44% of samples by PCR/RFLP. Astrocytomas with changes of APC had higher H-score values of total β-catenin compared to the group without genetic changes (t = -2.264, p = 0.038). Furthermore, a positive correlation between samples with methylated DKK3 promoter and the expression of active pGSK3β-Y216 (rs = 0.356, p = 0.011) was established. Our results emphasize the importance of methylation for the regulation of Wnt signaling. Large deletions of the APC gene associated with increased β-catenin levels, together with oncogenic effects of both β-catenin and GSK3β, are clearly involved in astrocytoma evolution. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of gliomas. Further studies should elucidate the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the observed molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emilija Brglez
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Ana-Marija Jarmek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Karolina Poljak
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Petar Brlek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Kamelija Žarković
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Njirić
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Zhang N, Tian YN, Zhou LN, Li MZ, Chen HD, Song SS, Huan XJ, Bao XB, Zhang A, Miao ZH, He JX. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition synergizes with PARP inhibitors through the induction of homologous recombination deficiency in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 33589588 PMCID: PMC7884722 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monotherapy with poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors results in a limited objective response rate (≤60% in most cases) in patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient cancer, which suggests a high rate of resistance in this subset of patients to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). To overcome resistance to PARPi and to broaden their clinical use, we performed high-throughput screening of 99 anticancer drugs in combination with PARPi to identify potential therapeutic combinations. Here, we found that GSK3 inhibitors (GSK3i) exhibited a strong synergistic effect with PARPi in a panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with diverse genetic backgrounds. The combination of GSK3β and PARP inhibition causes replication stress and DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in increased anaphase bridges and abnormal spindles. Mechanistically, inhibition or genetic depletion of GSK3β was found to impair the HRR of DNA and reduce the mRNA and protein level of BRCA1. Finally, we demonstrated that inhibition or depletion of GSK3β could enhance the in vivo sensitivity to simmiparib without toxicity. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the combination of PARP and GSK3 inhibition, and support the clinical development of this combination therapy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Na Zhou
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jin-Xue He
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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21
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Snitow ME, Bhansali RS, Klein PS. Lithium and Therapeutic Targeting of GSK-3. Cells 2021; 10:255. [PMID: 33525562 PMCID: PMC7910927 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium salts have been in the therapeutic toolbox for better or worse since the 19th century, with purported benefit in gout, hangover, insomnia, and early suggestions that lithium improved psychiatric disorders. However, the remarkable effects of lithium reported by John Cade and subsequently by Mogens Schou revolutionized the treatment of bipolar disorder. The known molecular targets of lithium are surprisingly few and include the signaling kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a group of structurally related phosphomonoesterases that includes inositol monophosphatases, and phosphoglucomutase. Here we present a brief history of the therapeutic uses of lithium and then focus on GSK-3 as a therapeutic target in diverse diseases, including bipolar disorder, cancer, and coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter S. Klein
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.E.S.); (R.S.B.)
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22
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He R, Du S, Lei T, Xie X, Wang Y. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2373-2385. [PMID: 33125126 PMCID: PMC7610307 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK 3β), a multifunctional serine and threonine kinase, plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities, including signaling transduction, protein and glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Therefore, aberrant regulation of GSK 3β results in a broad range of human diseases, such as tumors, diabetes, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that GSK 3β is correlated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, GSK 3β is controversial due to its bifacial roles of tumor suppression and activation. In addition, overexpression of GSK 3β is involved in tumor growth, whereas it contributes to the cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis remain obscure and require further in‑depth investigation. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the roles of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy, and focus on its potentials as an available target in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Union, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 400013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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23
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Ismail M, Mohamady S, Samir N, Abouzid KAM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 7 H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazine Inhibitors as Antitumor Agents. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20170-20186. [PMID: 32832771 PMCID: PMC7439371 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel anticancer hydrazinotriazolothiadiazine-based derivatives were designed based on the structure-activity relationship of the previously reported anticancer triazolothiadiazines. These derivatives were synthesized and biologically screened against full NCI-60 cancer cell lines revealing compound 5l with a potential antiproliferative effect. 5l was screened over 16 kinases to study its cytotoxic mechanism which showed to inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) with IC50 equal to 0.883 μM and 14-fold selectivity over CDK2. Also, 5l increased active caspase-3 levels, induced cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase, and increased the percentage of Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate-positive apoptotic cells in PC-3 prostate cancer-treated cells. Molecular docking and dynamics were performed to predict the binding mode of 5l in the GSK-3β ATP binding site. 5l can be utilized as a starting scaffold for developing potential GSK-3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
I. Ismail
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Al-Sherouk City, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, 11837 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Al-Sherouk City, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, 11837 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin Samir
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. M. Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department
of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
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24
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Lindner AU, Carberry S, Monsefi N, Barat A, Salvucci M, O'Byrne R, Zanella ER, Cremona M, Hennessy BT, Bertotti A, Trusolino L, Prehn JHM. Systems analysis of protein signatures predicting cetuximab responses in
KRAS
,
NRAS
,
BRAF
and
PIK3CA
wild‐type patient‐derived xenograft models of metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2891-2901. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas U. Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Steven Carberry
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Naser Monsefi
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Ana Barat
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Robert O'Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Eugenia R. Zanella
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Surgical Oncology, and Clinical Trials Coordination Candiolo Cancer Institute Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia IRCCS Turin Italy
| | - Mattia Cremona
- Department of Medical Oncology Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Department of Medical Oncology Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Surgical Oncology, and Clinical Trials Coordination Candiolo Cancer Institute Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia IRCCS Turin Italy
- Department of Oncology University of Turin Medical School Turin Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Surgical Oncology, and Clinical Trials Coordination Candiolo Cancer Institute Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia IRCCS Turin Italy
- Department of Oncology University of Turin Medical School Turin Italy
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
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25
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Fu Y, Yuan SS, Zhang LJ, Ji ZL, Quan XJ. Atonal bHLH transcription factor 1 is an important factor for maintaining the balance of cell proliferation and differentiation in tumorigenesis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2595-2605. [PMID: 32782577 PMCID: PMC7400680 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the link between cellular processes and oncogenesis may aid the elucidation of targeted and effective therapies against tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Previous studies have investigated the mechanisms involved in maintaining the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. There is increased interest in determining the conditions that allow cancer stem cells to differentiate as well as the identification of molecules that may serve as novel drug targets. Furthermore, the study of various genes, including transcription factors, which serve a crucial role in cellular processes, may present a promising direction for future therapy. The present review described the role of the transcription factor atonal bHLH transcription factor 1 (ATOH1) in signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, particularly in cerebellar tumor medulloblastoma and colorectal cancer, where ATOH1 serves as an oncogene or tumor suppressor, respectively. Additionally, the present review summarized the associated therapeutic interventions for these two types of tumors and discussed novel clinical targets and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Quan
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Brain Development, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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26
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Aghabozorgi AS, Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Tehrani SS, Nabizadeh F, Setayesh L, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Ferns GA, Avan A, Rashidi Z. The genetic factors associated with Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 256:118006. [PMID: 32593708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. There is growing information about the factors involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, the knowledge of the predisposing factors is limited. The development of CRC is strongly associated with the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway. This pathway comprises several major target proteins, including LRP5/6, GSK3β, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axis inhibition protein (Axin), and β-catenin. Genetic variations in these components of the Wnt signaling pathway may lead to the activation of β-catenin, potentially increasing the proliferation of colorectal cells. Because of the potentially important role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC, we aimed to review the involvement of different mutations in the main downstream proteins of this pathway, including LRP5/6, APC, GSK3β, Axin, and β-catenin. Determination of the genetic risk factors involved in the progression of CRC may lead to novel approaches for the early diagnosis of CRC and the identification of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirsaeed Sabeti Aghabozorgi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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27
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Duda P, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Gizak A, Rakus D, McCubrey JA. GSK-3 and miRs: Master regulators of therapeutic sensitivity of cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118770. [PMID: 32524999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthetase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and microRNAs (miRs) affect many critical signaling pathways important in cell growth. GSK-3 is a serine/threonine (S/T) protein kinase. Often when GSK-3 phosphorylates other proteins, they are inactivated and the signaling pathway is shut down. The PI3K/PTEN/AKT/GSK3/mTORC1 pathway plays key roles in regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, drug resistance, malignant transformation and metastasis and is often deregulated in cancer. When GSK-3 is phosphorylated by AKT it is inactivated and this often leads to growth promotion. When GSK-3 is not phosphorylated by AKT or other kinases at specific negative-regulatory residues, it can modify the activity of many proteins by phosphorylation, some of these proteins promote while others inhibit cell proliferation. This is part of the conundrum regarding GSK-3. The central theme of this review is the ability of GSK-3 to serve as either a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter in cancer which is likely due to its diverse protein substrates. The effects of multiple miRs which bind mRNAs encoding GSK-3 and other signaling molecules and how they affect cell growth and sensitivity to various therapeutics will be discussed as they serve to regulate GSK-3 and other proteins important in controlling proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Brody Building 5N98C, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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28
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in Cancer Biology and Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061388. [PMID: 32503133 PMCID: PMC7349761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with more than 100 substrates and interacting molecules. GSK3β is normally active in cells and negative regulation of GSK3β activity via phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue is required for most normal cells to maintain homeostasis. Aberrant expression and activity of GSK3β contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of common recalcitrant diseases such as glucose intolerance, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Despite recognized roles against several proto-oncoproteins and mediators of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, deregulated GSK3β also participates in tumor cell survival, evasion of apoptosis, proliferation and invasion, as well as sustaining cancer stemness and inducing therapy resistance. A therapeutic effect from GSK3β inhibition has been demonstrated in 25 different cancer types. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that GSK3β inhibition protects normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects associated with conventional cancer therapies. Here, we review the evidence supporting aberrant GSK3β as a hallmark property of cancer and highlight the beneficial effects of GSK3β inhibition on normal cells and tissues during cancer therapy. The biological rationale for targeting GSK3β in the treatment of cancer is also discussed at length.
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29
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Vidri RJ, Fitzgerald TL. GSK-3: An important kinase in colon and pancreatic cancers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118626. [PMID: 31987793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) in pancreatic and colon cancers will be explored. GSK-3 plays a fundamental role in many metabolic processes, primarily as the final enzyme in glycogen synthesis. Active β-catenin represents the final step for the transcription of Wnt target genes. Both GSK-3 and β-catenin are key in the neoplastic transformation and tumorigenesis of human cells. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic malignancies, survival remains dismal. Continued poor outcomes are attributable to tumor cell resistance and high frequency of metastatic disease. Survival for patients diagnosed with colon cancer is often excellent, and many patients achieve long term remission. However, the incidence of colon cancers continues to increase, especially among the young. The future use of targeted therapy in pancreatic and colo-rectal cancer utilizing GSK-3 may be promising, pending a more thorough understanding of potential downstream effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Vidri
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine-Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States of America
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine-Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States of America.
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30
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Chen J, Ko J, Kim JT, Cho JS, Qiu S, Kim GD, Auh JH, Lee HJ. β-Thujaplicin inhibits basal-like mammary tumor growth by regulating glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin signaling. Food Funct 2020; 10:2691-2700. [PMID: 31026007 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Thujaplicin, a natural monoterpenoid, has been demonstrated to exert health beneficial activities in chronic diseases. However, it has not been studied in regulating estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer. Here, we investigated the effect of β-thujaplicin on inhibiting ER-negative basal-like breast cancer and the underlying mechanism of action using an in vitro and in vivo xenograft animal model. β-Thujaplicin induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and regulated cell cycle mediators, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK 4), leading to the inhibition of the proliferation of ER-negative basal-like MCF10DCIS.com human breast cancer cells. It also modulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) and the protein level of β-catenin. In an MCF10DCIS.com xenograft animal model, β-thujaplicin significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced tumor weight, and regulated the expression of cell cycle proteins, phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, and protein level of β-catenin in the tumor tissues. These results demonstrate that β-thujaplicin can suppress basal-like mammary tumor growth by regulating GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that β-thujaplicin may be a potent chemopreventive agent against the basal-like subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, South Korea.
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31
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Abe K, Yamamoto N, Domoto T, Bolidong D, Hayashi K, Takeuchi A, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Inatani H, Aoki Y, Higuchi T, Taniguchi Y, Yonezawa H, Araki Y, Aiba H, Minamoto T, Tsuchiya H. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β as a potential therapeutic target in synovial sarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:429-440. [PMID: 31808966 PMCID: PMC7004542 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a rare cancer type. Almost half are unresponsive to multi-pronged treatment and might therefore benefit from biologically targeted therapy. An emerging target is glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, which is implicated in various diseases including cancer. Here, we investigated the expression, activity and putative pathological role of GSK3β in synovial sarcoma and fibrosarcoma, comprising the majority of STS that are encountered in orthopedics. Expression of the active form of GSK3β (tyrosine 216-phosphorylated) was higher in synovial sarcoma (SYO-1, HS-SY-II, SW982) and in fibrosarcoma (HT1080) tumor cell lines than in untransformed fibroblast (NHDF) cells that are assumed to be the normal mesenchymal counterpart cells. Inhibition of GSK3β activity by pharmacological agents (AR-A014418, SB-216763) or of its expression by RNA interference suppressed the proliferation of sarcoma cells and their invasion of collagen gel, as well as inducing their apoptosis. These effects were associated with G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest and decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and matrix metalloproteinase 2. Intraperitoneal injection of the GSK3β inhibitors attenuated the growth of SYO-1 and HT1080 xenografts in athymic mice without obvious detrimental effects. It also mitigated cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in the tumors of mice. This study indicates that increased activity of GSK3β in synovial sarcoma and fibrosarcoma sustains tumor proliferation and invasion through the cyclin D1/CDK4-mediated pathway and enhanced extracellular matrix degradation. Our results provide a biological basis for GSK3β as a new and promising therapeutic target for these STS types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dilireba Bolidong
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inatani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yu Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Araki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisaki Aiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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32
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Wang J, Li D, Shen W, Sun W, Gao R, Jiang P, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou W, Wang R, Xiang R, Stupack D, Luo N. RHAMM inhibits cell migration via the AKT/GSK3β/Snail axis in luminal A subtype breast cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2344-2356. [PMID: 31769593 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Although the mortality rate of breast cancer has fallen over the past 10 years, effective treatments that reduce the occurrence of breast cancer metastasis remain lacking. In this study, we explored the role of receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM) and the associated signaling pathway in cell migration in luminal A breast cancer. We first examined RHAMM expression levels using human breast tissue microarray and patient breast tissues. We then studied the role of RHAMM in migration in luminal A breast cancer using loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies in in vitro models and confirmed these findings in an in vivo model. Finally, we investigated signaling molecules that play a role in cell migration using western blot. Our results demonstrated the following: (a) RHAMM shows high expression levels in malignant breast tissue, (b) RHAMM shows low expression levels in luminal A breast cancer compared to other subtypes of breast cancer, (c) RHAMM inhibits cell migration in luminal A breast cancer, and (d) RHAMM inhibits cell migration via the AKT/GSK3β/Snail axis in luminal A breast cancer. This study demonstrates a novel role of RHAMM in cell migration in luminal A breast cancer and suggests that therapeutic strategies involving RHAMM should be considered for various subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengling Jiang
- Third Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dwayne Stupack
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Long Non-Coding RNA: Dual Effects on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111802. [PMID: 31744046 PMCID: PMC6896003 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly heterogeneous malignancy, breast cancer (BC) has become the most significant threat to female health. Distant metastasis and therapy resistance of BC are responsible for most of the cases of mortality and recurrence. Distant metastasis relies on an array of processes, such as cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and angiogenesis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to a class of non-coding RNA with a length of over 200 nucleotides. Currently, a rising number of studies have managed to investigate the association between BC and lncRNA. In this study, we summarized how lncRNA has dual effects in BC metastasis by regulating invasion, migration, and distant metastasis of BC cells. We also emphasize that lncRNA has crucial regulatory effects in the stemness and angiogenesis of BC. Clinically, some lncRNAs can regulate chemotherapy sensitivity in BC patients and may function as novel biomarkers to diagnose or predict prognosis for BC patients. The exact impact on clinical relevance deserves further study. This review can be an approach to understanding the dual effects of lncRNAs in BC, thereby linking lncRNAs to quasi-personalized treatment in the future.
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Inhibition of GSK-3β activity suppresses HCC malignant phenotype by inhibiting glycolysis via activating AMPK/mTOR signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 463:11-26. [PMID: 31404613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) has been shown to play a critical role in the development of many cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Deregulating cellular energetics is a signature hallmark of cancer, therefore modulating cancer metabolism has become an attractive anti-cancer approach in recent years. As a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, understanding the role of GSK-3β in cancer metabolic process may facilitate the development of effective therapeutic approach for HCC. In this study, we showed that inhibition of GSK-3β led to diminished viability, metastasis and tumorigenicity in HCC cells. Suppression of GSK-3β activity also reduced glucose consumption, lactate production and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in HCC cells. The decreased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and down-regulated key enzymes on the glycolysis pathway by GSK3β inhibition demonstrated that GSK-3β was involved in glycolysis process of HCC. Mechanistically, the metabolic change and anti-cancer effect by GSK-3β inhibition was achieved mainly through activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which negatively affected glycolysis and cell proliferation. The results from primary HCC cells and from in vivo nude mice model confirmed our observations. Our study results indicated that GSK-3β may become a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Niringiyumukiza JD, Cai H, Chen L, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang M, Xu X, Xiang W. Protective properties of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition against doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage to mouse ovarian reserve. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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36
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Nagini S, Sophia J, Mishra R. Glycogen synthase kinases: Moonlighting proteins with theranostic potential in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Sahin I, Eturi A, De Souza A, Pamarthy S, Tavora F, Giles FJ, Carneiro BA. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors as novel cancer treatments and modulators of antitumor immune responses. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1047-1056. [PMID: 30975030 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1595283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kinase at the crossroads of numerous metabolic and cell growth signaling pathways, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) is a highly desirable therapeutic target in cancer. Despite its involvement in pathways associated with the pathogenesis of several malignancies, no selective GSK-3β inhibitor has been approved for the treatment of cancer. The regulatory role of GSK-3β in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis reflects the therapeutic relevance of this target and provides the rationale for drug combinations. Emerging data on GSK-3β as a mediator of anticancer immune response also highlight the potential clinical applications of novel selective GSK-3β inhibitors that are entering clinical studies. This manuscript reviews the preclinical and early clinical results with GSK-3β inhibitors and delineates the developmental therapeutics landscape for this potentially important target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Sahin
- a Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Aditya Eturi
- b Department of Medicine , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Andre De Souza
- a Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Sahithi Pamarthy
- c Atrin Pharmaceuticals , Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center , Doylestown , PA , USA
| | - Fabio Tavora
- d Argos Laboratory/Messejana Heart and Lung Hospital , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Francis J Giles
- e Developmental Therapeutics Consortium , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- a Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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38
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Peng JX, Liang SY, Li L. sFRP1 exerts effects on gastric cancer cells through GSK3β/Rac1‑mediated restraint of TGFβ/Smad3 signaling. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:224-234. [PMID: 30542739 PMCID: PMC6278527 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling; however, previous studies have determined a tumor-promoting function of sFRP1 in a number of different cancer types. A previous study demonstrated that sFRP1 overexpression was associated with an aggressive phenotype and the activation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. sFRP1 overexpression and sFRP1 knockdown cell models were established. Immunoblotting was conducted to examine the protein levels of the associated molecules. Immunofluorescence staining followed by confocal microscopy was performed to visualize the cytoskeleton alterations and subcellular localization of key proteins. sFRP1 overexpression restored glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity, which activated Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1). GSK3β and Rac1 mediated the effect of sFRP1 on the positive regulation of cell growth and migration/invasion. Inhibition of GSK3β or Rac1 abolished the regulation of sFRP1 on TGFβ/SMAD family member 3 (Smad3) signaling and the aggressive phenotype; however, GSK3β or Rac1 overexpression increased cell migration/invasion and restrained Smad3 activity by preventing its nuclear translocation and limiting its transcriptional activity. The present study demonstrated a tumor-promoting function of sFRP1-overexpression by selectively activating TGFβ signaling in gastric cancer cells. GSK3β and Rac1 serve an important function in mediating the sFRP1-induced malignant alterations and signaling changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Yu Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Affiliated Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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39
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Huang YF, Niu WB, Hu R, Wang LJ, Huang ZY, Ni SH, Wang MQ, Yang Y, Huang YS, Feng WJ, Xiao W, Zhu DJ, Xian SX, Lu L. FIBP knockdown attenuates growth and enhances chemotherapy in colorectal cancer via regulating GSK3β-related pathways. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:77. [PMID: 30275459 PMCID: PMC6167373 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs), characterized by self-renewal ability and high expression of proliferative genes, contribute to the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC chemoresistance through comprehensive bioinformatics screenings and experimental confirmation of gene functions. We found that high expression of FGF1 intracellular binding protein (FIBP) was correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in CRC patients. Therefore, the chemoresistant CRC cell line HCT116-CSC with high expression of the stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 was established for further phenotypic tests. FIBP knockdown inhibited proliferation, enhanced chemotherapy effects, and attenuated the stemness markers of CRC cells in vivo and in vitro. Through RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis, we identified cyclin D1 as a key downstream target in FIBP-regulated cell cycle progression and proliferation. Moreover, FIBP bound to GSK3β, inhibited its phosphorylation at Tyr216, and activated β-catenin/TCF/cyclin D1 signaling in HCT116-CSCs. Additional GSK3β knockdown reversed the FIBP silencing-induced inhibition of proliferation and decreased stemness marker expression in HCT116-CSCs. Furthermore, DNA methylation profiling suggested that FIBP regulated the stemness of CRC cells via methylation activity that was dependent on GSK3β but independent of β-catenin signaling. Our data illuminate the potential of FIBP as a novel therapeutic target for treating chemoresistant CRC through inhibition of GSK3β-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Shunde Hospital (The first People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Southern Medical University, 528300, Foshan, China
| | - Wen-Bo Niu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Jun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeng-Yan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Hao Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Qing Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Da-Jian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, 528300, Foshan, China.
| | - Shao-Xiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510407, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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40
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Turano M, Costabile V, Cerasuolo A, Duraturo F, Liccardo R, Delrio P, Pace U, Rega D, Dodaro CA, Milone M, Izzo P, De Rosa M. Characterisation of mesenchymal colon tumour-derived cells in tumourspheres as a model for colorectal cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2379-2396. [PMID: 30272331 PMCID: PMC6203159 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity, the ability of cells to switch from an epitheial phenotype to a mesenchymal one and vice versa, plays a crucial role in tumour progression and metastases development. In 20-25% of patients with colon cancer and in 18% of patients with rectal cancer, metastases are present at the time of the first diagnosis. They are the first cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related mortality, defining stage IV CRC, which is characterized by a relatively short overall survival. We previously isolated two primary colon adenocarcinoma cell cultures that had undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one with a high microsatellite instability phenotype (T88) and one with a chromosomal instability phenotype (T93). The aim of this study was to establish a model with which to study EMT, stemness features and cell plasticity in cancer progression and to examine the effects of incubation with lithium chloride (LiCl), a specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) inhibitor, on these cellular processes. Indeed, GSK3β is an important regulator of cell survival, which promotes tumourigenesis in colon cells by facilitating the crosstalk between colorectal cancer pathways. Thus, we further characterized our system of adherent primary mesenchymal colon cancer cells and their paired tumourspheres by examining the expression and localisation of a panel of markers, including E- and N‑cadherin, CD133, CD44v6, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and leucine-rich repeat‑containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5). We also characterised the molecular features of these tumourspheres and examined their response to LiCl. Furthermore, we explored the effects of LiCl on cell motility and plasticity. We demonstrated that LiCl reduced cell migration, stemness features and cell plasticity. We also observed the atypical nuclear localisation of membrane proteins, including N‑cadherin, CD133 and CD44v6 in mesenchymal tumour cells. Of note, CD133 and CD44v6 appeared to localise at the plasma membrane in cells with a more epithelial phenotype, suggesting that the cytoplasmic/nuclear localisation of these proteins could favour and characterize cell plasticity in colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmo Turano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Costabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerasuolo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Duraturo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Liccardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology - Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Pace
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology - Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Rega
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology - Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Anna Dodaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina De Rosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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41
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Kim S, Cho CY, Lee D, Song DG, Kim HJ, Jung JW, Kim JE, Park D, Lee H, Um H, Park J, Choi Y, Kim Y, Nam SH, Lee JW. CD133-induced TM4SF5 expression promotes sphere growth via recruitment and blocking of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F (PTPRF). Cancer Lett 2018; 438:219-231. [PMID: 30217560 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CD133 is a surface marker of liver cancer stem cells. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) promotes sphere growth and circulation. However, it is unknown how CD133 and TM4SF5 cross-talk with each other for cancer stem cell properties. Here, we investigated the significance of inter-relationships between CD133, TM4SF5, CD44, and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F (PTPRF) in a three-dimensional (3D) sphere growth system. We found that CD133 upregulated TM4SF5 and CD44, whereas TM4SF5 and CD44 did not affect CD133 expression. Signaling activity following CD133 phosphorylation caused TM4SF5 expression and sphere growth. TM4SF5 bound to CD133 and promoted c-Src activity for CD133 phosphorylation as a positive feedback loop, leading to CD133-mediated sphere growth that was inhibited by TM4SF5 inhibition or suppression. TM4SF5 also bound PTPRF and promoted paxillin phosphorylation. Decreased sphere growth upon CD133 suppression was recovered by TM4SF5 expression and partially by PTPRF suppression. TM4SF5 inhibition enhanced PTPRF levels and abolished PTPRF suppression-mediated sphere growth. Altogether, CD133-induced TM4SF5 expression and function were important for liver cancer sphere growth and may be a promising target to block metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yun Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasomi Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Um
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoomin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hee Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Pardhi TR, Patel MS, Sudarsanam V, Vasu KK. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[ d]thiazole-based novel dual kinase inhibitors of CK2 and GSK3β. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1472-1490. [PMID: 30288222 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β) are responsible for the phosphorylation of a tumor suppressor protein (PTEN) in a cooperative manner which causes its deactivation. Thus, it is essential to inhibit both kinases simultaneously to prevent PTEN deactivation more efficiently. In this study, we have designed a novel lead from Hit15 which was identified in silico as a dual kinase inhibitor against CK2 and GSK3β through our previous study. The dataset of structural analogs of the lead was designed and confirmed by pharmacophore mapping and molecular docking. The screened analogs were considered further and a series of "tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazoles" were synthesized. Compound 1g has shown highest dual kinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 1.9 μM against CK2 and 0.67 μM against GSK3β. Our results suggest that the presence of a carboxyl group at the meta position of the phenyl ring plays a vital role in dual kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni R Pardhi
- Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Opp. Air force station, Palaj , Gandhinagar-382355 , Gujarat , India . ; ; Tel: +917927439375
| | - Manishkumar S Patel
- Department of Biotechnology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar-382355 , Gujarat , India
| | - V Sudarsanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education & Research Development (PERD) Centre , Ahmedabad-380054 , Gujarat , India .
| | - Kamala K Vasu
- Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Opp. Air force station, Palaj , Gandhinagar-382355 , Gujarat , India . ; ; Tel: +917927439375.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education & Research Development (PERD) Centre , Ahmedabad-380054 , Gujarat , India .
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43
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Uncover the Multiple Mechanisms of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. on Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6517034. [PMID: 29619072 PMCID: PMC5829364 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6517034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background As one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer diseases globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an important cause of cancer-related death. Although the traditional Chinese herb Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (HDW) has been proven to be effective for treating CRC in clinical practice, its definite mechanisms have not been completely deciphered. Objective The aim of our research is to systematically explore the multiple mechanisms of HDW on CRC. Methods This study adopted the network pharmacology approach, which was mainly composed of active component gathering, target prediction, CRC gene collection, network analysis, and gene enrichment analysis. Results The network analysis showed that 10 targets might be the therapeutic targets of HDW on CRC, namely, HRAS, PIK3CA, KRAS, TP53, APC, BRAF, GSK3B, CDK2, AKT1, and RAF1. The gene enrichment analysis implied that HDW probably benefits patients with CRC by modulating pathways related to cancers, infectious diseases, endocrine system, immune system, nervous system, signal transduction, cellular community, and cell motility. Conclusions This study partially verified and predicted the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of HDW against CRC from a holistic perspective, which will also lay a foundation for the further experimental research and clinical rational application of HDW.
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Shimozaki S, Yamamoto N, Domoto T, Nishida H, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Takeuchi A, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Kato T, Aoki Y, Higuchi T, Hirose M, Hoffman RM, Minamoto T, Tsuchiya H. Efficacy of glycogen synthase kinase-3β targeting against osteosarcoma via activation of β-catenin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77038-77051. [PMID: 27780915 PMCID: PMC5363568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of innovative more effective therapy is required for refractory osteosarcoma patients. We previously established that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK- 3β) is a therapeutic target in various cancer types. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of GSK-3β inhibition against osteosarcoma and the underlying molecular mechanisms in an orthotopic mouse model. Expression and phosphorylation of GSK-3β in osteosarcoma and normal osteoblast cell lines was examined, together with efficacy of GSK-3β inhibition on cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis and on the growth of orthotopically-transplanted human osteosarcoma in nude mice. We also investigated changes in expression, phosphorylation and co-transcriptional activity of β-catenin in osteosarcoma cells following GSK-3β inhibition. Expression of the active form of GSK- 3β (tyrosine 216-phosphorylated) was higher in osteosarcoma than osteoblast cells. Inhibition of GSK-3β activity by pharmacological inhibitors or of its expression by RNA interference suppressed proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and induced apoptosis. Treatment with GSK-3β-specific inhibitors attenuated the growth of orthotopic osteosaroma in mice. Inhibition of GSK-3β reduced phosphorylation at GSK- 3β-phospho-acceptor sites in β-catenin and increased β-catenin expression, nuclear localization and co-transcriptional activity. These results suggest the efficacy of GSK-3β inhibitors is associated with activation of β-catenin, a putative tumor suppressor in bone and soft tissue sarcoma and an important component of osteogenesis. Our study thereby demonstrates a critical role for GSK-3β in sustaining survival and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, and identifies this kinase as a potential therapeutic target against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Shimozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideji Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,AntiCancer Incorporated, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yu Aoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirose
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,AntiCancer Incorporated, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Colorectal cancer cells require glycogen synthase kinase-3β for sustaining mitosis via translocated promoter region (TPR)-dynein interaction. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13337-13352. [PMID: 29568361 PMCID: PMC5862582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, which mediates fundamental cellular signaling pathways, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for many types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). During mitosis, GSK3β localizes in mitotic spindles and centrosomes, however its function is largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that translocated promoter region (TPR, a nuclear pore component) and dynein (a molecular motor) cooperatively contribute to mitotic spindle formation. Such knowledge encouraged us to investigate putative functional interactions among GSK3β, TPR, and dynein in the mitotic machinery of CRC cells. Here, we show that inhibition of GSK3β attenuated proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and increased apoptosis of CRC cells. Morphologically, GSK3β inhibition disrupted chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle assembly, and centrosome maturation during mitosis, ultimately resulting in mitotic cell death. These changes in CRC cells were associated with decreased expression of TPR and dynein, as well as disruption of their functional colocalization with GSK3β in mitotic spindles and centrosomes. Clinically, we showed that TPR expression was increased in CRC databases and primary tumors of CRC patients. Furthermore, TPR expression in SW480 cells xenografted into mice was reduced following treatment with GSK3β inhibitors. Together, these results indicate that GSK3β sustains steady mitotic processes for proliferation of CRC cells via interaction with TPR and dynein, thereby suggesting that the therapeutic effect of GSK3β inhibition depends on induction of mitotic catastrophe in CRC cells.
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Nasri I, Chawech R, Girardi C, Mas E, Ferrand A, Vergnolle N, Fabre N, Mezghani-Jarraya R, Racaud-Sultan C. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of flavonol glycosides from Diplotaxis harra through GSK3β regulation in intestinal cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:124-131. [PMID: 27925497 PMCID: PMC7011856 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1230877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss. (Brassicaceae) is traditionally used as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory or anticancer agent. In these pathologies, the glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) is overactivated and represents an interesting therapeutic target. Several flavonoids can inhibit GSK3β and the purpose of this study was to search for the compounds in Diplotaxis harra which are able to modulate GSK3β. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extracts from D. harra flowers were prepared and the bio-guided fractionation of their active compounds was performed using inflammatory [protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)-stimulated IEC6 cells] and cancer (human Caco-2 cell line) intestinal cells. 50-100 μg/mL of fractions or compounds purified by HPLC were incubated with cells whose inhibited form of GSK3β (Pser9 GSK3β) and survival were analyzed by Western blot at 1 h and colorimetric assay at 24 h, respectively. LC-UV-MS profiles and MS-MS spectra were used for the characterization of extracts and flavonoids-enriched fractions, and the identification of pure flavonoids was achieved by MS and NMR analysis. RESULTS The methanol extract from D. harra flowers and its flavonoid-enriched fraction inhibit GSK3β in PAR2-stimulated IEC6 cells. GSK3β inhibition by the flavonoid-enriched D. harra fraction was dependent on PKC activation. The flavonoid-enriched D. harra fraction and its purified compound isorhamnetin-3,7-di-O-glucoside induced a 20% decrease of PAR2-stimulated IEC6 and Caco-2 cell survival. Importantly, normal cells (non-stimulated IEC6 cells) were spared by these treatments. CONCLUSION This work indicates that flavonoids from D. harra display cytotoxic activity against inflammatory and cancer intestinal cells which could depend on GSK3β inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Nasri
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UR11-ES74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, BP, Tunisie
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachid Chawech
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UR11-ES74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, BP, Tunisie
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Cynthia Girardi
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie et Nutrition, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UR11-ES74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, BP, Tunisie
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CONTACT Claire Racaud-Sultan, MD, PhDIRSD, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse cedex 3, France
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The selective PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719 as a novel therapeutic option for neuroendocrine tumors: Results from multiple cell line models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182852. [PMID: 28800359 PMCID: PMC5553670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The therapeutic options for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are limited. As PI3K signaling is often activated in NETs, we have assessed the effects of selective PI3Kp110α inhibition by the novel agent BYL719 on cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, signaling pathways, differentiation and secretion in pancreatic (BON-1, QGP-1) and pulmonary (H727) NET cell lines. Methods Cell viability was investigated by WST-1 assay, colony formation by clonogenic assay, apoptosis by caspase3/7 assay, the cell cycle by FACS, cell signaling by Western blot analysis, expression of chromogranin A and somatostatin receptors 1/2/5 by RT-qPCR, and chromogranin A secretion by ELISA. Results BYL719 dose-dependently decreased cell viability and colony formation with the highest sensitivity in BON-1, followed by H727, and lowest sensitivity in QGP-1 cells. BYL719 induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest associated with increased p27 expression. Western blots showed inhibition of PI3K downstream targets to a varying degree in the different cell lines, but IGF1R activation. The most sensitive BON-1 cells displayed a significant, and H727 cells a non-significant, GSK3 inhibition after BYL719 treatment, but these effects do not appear to be mediated through the IGF1R. In contrast, the most resistant QGP-1 cells showed no GSK3 inhibition, but a modest activation, which would partially counteract the other anti-proliferative effects. Accordingly, BYL719 enhanced neuroendocrine differentiation with the strongest effect in BON-1, followed by H727 cells indicated by induction of chromogranin A and somatostatin receptor 1/2 mRNA-synthesis, but not in QGP-1 cells. In BON-1 and QGP-1 cells, the BYL719/everolimus combination was synergistic through simultaneous AKT/mTORC1 inhibition, and significantly increased somatostatin receptor 2 transcription compared to each drug separately. Conclusion Our results suggest that the agent BYL719 could be a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of NETs that may sensitize NET cells to somatostatin analogs, and that if there is resistance to its action this may be overcome by combination with everolimus.
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Fletcher CE, Godfrey JD, Shibakawa A, Bushell M, Bevan CL. A novel role for GSK3β as a modulator of Drosha microprocessor activity and MicroRNA biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:2809-2828. [PMID: 27907888 PMCID: PMC5389555 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microRNA (miR) biogenesis is complex and stringently controlled. Here, we identify the kinase GSK3β as an important modulator of miR biogenesis at Microprocessor level. Repression of GSK3β activity reduces Drosha activity toward pri-miRs, leading to accumulation of unprocessed pri-miRs and reduction of pre-miRs and mature miRs without altering levels or cellular localisation of miR biogenesis proteins. Conversely, GSK3β activation increases Drosha activity and mature miR accumulation. GSK3β achieves this through promoting Drosha:cofactor and Drosha:pri-miR interactions: it binds to DGCR8 and p72 in the Microprocessor, an effect dependent upon presence of RNA. Indeed, GSK3β itself can immunoprecipitate pri-miRs, suggesting possible RNA-binding capacity. Kinase assays identify the mechanism for GSK3β-enhanced Drosha activity, which requires GSK3β nuclear localisation, as phosphorylation of Drosha at S300 and/or S302; confirmed by enhanced Drosha activity and association with cofactors, and increased abundance of mature miRs in the presence of phospho-mimic Drosha. Functional implications of GSK3β-enhanced miR biogenesis are illustrated by increased levels of GSK3β-upregulated miR targets following GSK3β inhibition. These data, the first to link GSK3β with the miR cascade in humans, highlight a novel pro-biogenesis role for GSK3β in increasing miR biogenesis as a component of the Microprocessor complex with wide-ranging functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Fletcher
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jack D Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Akifumi Shibakawa
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martin Bushell
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Glycogen synthase kinase 3β and cyclin D1 expression in cervical carcinogenesis. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2016; 59:470-478. [PMID: 27896249 PMCID: PMC5120066 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2016.59.6.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a pluripotent protein kinase involved in the development of cancers through regulation of numerous oncogenic molecules. Cyclin D1, an important regulator of G1 to S phase transition in various cells, is one of target proteins that GSK3β regulate. Our objective was to assess the expression of GSK3β and cyclin D1 in cervical neoplasm of different histologic grades and to identify their correlation in cervical carcinogenesis. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of GSK3β and cyclin D1 was performed in a total of 137 patients with 12 normal, 62 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (31 CIN1 and 31 CIN3) and 63 invasive cancers including 56 squamous cell carcinomas and 7 adenocarcinomas. Results The expression of GSK3β increased in parallel with the lesion grade, while that of cyclin D1 decreased with severity of the lesion (P<0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between GSK3β and cyclin D1 expression in overall cervical neoplasia (Φ=-0.413, P<0.001). GSK3β expression was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma (P=0.049). Conclusion These results suggest that the expressional increase in GSK3β plays a role in cervical carcinogenesis and has inverse correlation with cyclin D1 expression in this process. In addition, GSK3β expression appears to be associated with the histologic type of cervical cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma.
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Domoto T, Pyko IV, Furuta T, Miyashita K, Uehara M, Shimasaki T, Nakada M, Minamoto T. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is a pivotal mediator of cancer invasion and resistance to therapy. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1363-1372. [PMID: 27486911 PMCID: PMC5084660 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion and resistance to therapy are the most intractable biological characteristics of cancer and, therefore, the most challenging for current cancer research and treatment paradigms. Refractory cancers, including pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma, show an inextricable association between the highly invasive behavior of tumor cells and their resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies. These aggressive properties of cancer share distinct cellular pathways that are connected to each other by several molecular hubs. There is increasing evidence to show that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β is aberrantly activated in various cancer types and this has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In many but not all cancer types, aberrant GSK3β sustains the survival, immortalization, proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, while also rendering them insensitive or resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. Here we review studies that describe associations between therapeutic stimuli/resistance and the induction of pro‐invasive phenotypes in various cancer types. Such cancers are largely responsive to treatment that targets GSK3β. This review focuses on the role of GSK3β as a molecular hub that connects pathways responsible for tumor invasion and resistance to therapy, thus highlighting its potential as a major cancer therapeutic target. We also discuss the putative involvement of GSK3β in determining tumor cell stemness that underpins both tumor invasion and therapy resistance, leading to intractable and refractory cancer with dismal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ilya V Pyko
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Miyashita
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uehara
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimasaki
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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