1
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Guignard S, Saifeddine M, Mihara K, Motahhary M, Savignac M, Guiraud L, Sagnat D, Sebbag M, Khou S, Rolland C, Edir A, Bournet B, Buscail L, Buscail E, Alric L, Camare C, Ambli M, Vergnolle N, Hollenberg MD, Deraison C, Bonnart C. Chymotrypsin activity signals to intestinal epithelium by protease-activated receptor-dependent mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38637276 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic protease secreted into the lumen of the small intestine to digest food proteins. We hypothesized that chymotrypsin activity may be found close to epithelial cells and that chymotrypsin signals to them via protease-activated receptors (PARs). We deciphered molecular pharmacological mechanisms and gene expression regulation for chymotrypsin signalling in intestinal epithelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The presence and activity of chymotrypsin were evaluated by Western blot and enzymatic activity tests in the luminal and mucosal compartments of murine and human gut samples. The ability of chymotrypsin to cleave the extracellular domain of PAR1 or PAR2 was assessed using cell lines expressing N-terminally tagged receptors. The cleavage site of chymotrypsin on PAR1 and PAR2 was determined by HPLC-MS analysis. The chymotrypsin signalling mechanism was investigated in CMT93 intestinal epithelial cells by calcium mobilization assays and Western blot analyses of (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. The transcriptional consequences of chymotrypsin signalling were analysed on colonic organoids. KEY RESULTS We found that chymotrypsin was present and active in the vicinity of the colonic epithelium. Molecular pharmacological studies have shown that chymotrypsin cleaves both PAR1 and PAR2 receptors. Chymotrypsin activated calcium and ERK1/2 signalling pathways through PAR2, and this pathway promoted interleukin-10 (IL-10) up-regulation in colonic organoids. In contrast, chymotrypsin disarmed PAR1, preventing further activation by its canonical agonist, thrombin. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results highlight the ability of chymotrypsin to signal to intestinal epithelial cells via PARs, which may have important physiological consequences in gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guignard
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Mahmoud Saifeddine
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid Motahhary
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Magali Savignac
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille Sebbag
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Sokchea Khou
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Buscail
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Rangueil, Toulouse III University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Camare
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1297, INSERM/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Mouna Ambli
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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Trimaglio G, Sneperger T, Raymond BBA, Gilles N, Näser E, Locard-Paulet M, Ijsselsteijn ME, Brouwer TP, Ecalard R, Roelands J, Matsumoto N, Colom A, Habch M, de Miranda NFCC, Vergnolle N, Devaud C, Neyrolles O, Rombouts Y. The C-type lectin DCIR contributes to the immune response and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7199. [PMID: 38532110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Development and progression of malignancies are accompanied and influenced by alterations in the surrounding immune microenvironment. Understanding the cellular and molecular interactions between immune cells and cancer cells has not only provided important fundamental insights into the disease, but has also led to the development of new immunotherapies. The C-type lectin Dendritic Cell ImmunoReceptor (DCIR) is primarily expressed by myeloid cells and is an important regulator of immune homeostasis, as demonstrated in various autoimmune, infectious and inflammatory contexts. Yet, the impact of DCIR on cancer development remains largely unknown. Analysis of available transcriptomic data of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients revealed that high DCIR gene expression is associated with improved patients' survival, immunologically "hot" tumors and high immunologic constant of rejection, thus arguing for a protective and immunoregulatory role of DCIR in CRC. In line with these correlative data, we found that deficiency of DCIR1, the murine homologue of human DCIR, leads to the development of significantly larger tumors in an orthotopic murine model of CRC. This phenotype is accompanied by an altered phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and a reduction in the percentage of activated effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CRC tumors of DCIR1-deficient mice. Overall, our results show that DCIR promotes antitumor immunity in CRC, making it an attractive target for the future development of immunotherapies to fight the second deadliest cancer in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Trimaglio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Tamara Sneperger
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin B A Raymond
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nelly Gilles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Näser
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Locard-Paulet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thomas P Brouwer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romain Ecalard
- INSERM US006 ANEXPLO/CREFRE, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - André Colom
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Myriam Habch
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Devaud
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Papapetropoulos A, Topouzis S, Alexander SPH, Cortese-Krott M, Kendall DA, Martemyanov KA, Mauro C, Nagercoil N, Panettieri RA, Patel HH, Schulz R, Stefanska B, Stephens GJ, Teixeira MM, Vergnolle N, Wang X, Ferdinandy P. Novel drugs approved by the EMA, the FDA, and the MHRA in 2023: A year in review. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38519837 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2023, seventy novel drugs received market authorization for the first time in either Europe (by the EMA and the MHRA) or in the United States (by the FDA). Confirming a steady recent trend, more than half of these drugs target rare diseases or intractable forms of cancer. Thirty drugs are categorized as "first-in-class" (FIC), illustrating the quality of research and innovation that drives new chemical entity discovery and development. We succinctly describe the mechanism of action of most of these FIC drugs and discuss the therapeutic areas covered, as well as the chemical category to which these drugs belong. The 2023 novel drug list also demonstrates an unabated emphasis on polypeptides (recombinant proteins and antibodies), Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (gene and cell therapies) and RNA therapeutics, including the first-ever approval of a CRISPR-Cas9-based gene-editing cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Topouzis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Miriam Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California/San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Xin Wang
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Vergnolle N. Thrombin stories in the gut. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00065-8. [PMID: 38521125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of proteases in gut physiology and pathophysiology over the recent years. Among them, thrombin has appeared for a long time as an old player only involved in blood clotting upon tissue injury. The fact that thrombin receptors (Protease-Activated Receptors-1 and -4) are expressed and functional in almost all cell types of the gut, contributing to barrier, immune or motility functions, suggested that thrombin could actually be at the crossroad of intestinal physiology. Recent work has unraveled the constitutive release of active thrombin by intestinal epithelial cells, opening new research avenues on the role of thrombin in the gut. These roles are considered in the present review, as well as the regulation of thrombin in the gut. The potential of thrombin as a target for treatments of intestinal pathologies is also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), CS60039, Toulouse, Cedex 03, 31024, France; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Ab T2N 4N1, Canada.
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5
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Guignard S, Guillaume C, Tornero L, Moreau J, Carles M, Isus F, Huyghe É, Ravel C, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Gatimel N. Involvement of CATSPER 2 mutation in a familial context of unexplained infertility and fertilization failure associated with hearing loss: a case report. F S Rep 2024; 5:114-122. [PMID: 38524220 PMCID: PMC10958707 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the functional implications of a homozygous CATSPER 2 (cation channel for sperm) deletion within the acrosome reaction pathway during fertilization in 2 brothers, who have unexplained infertility and hearing loss. Design Case report. Patients Two twin brothers aged 30 years with hearing loss and unexplained infertility. Exposure or Intervention Molecular genetic diagnosis of deafness. Evaluation of the acrosome reaction and calcium mobilization assays after induction by progesterone and ionomycin on spermatozoa of the CATSPER 2-mutated patient and on fertile controls. Main Outcome Measures Fertilization rate during conventional in vitro fertilization. Molecular genetic test. Percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa with peanut agglutinin lectin staining. Recording of progesterone and ionomycin-induced intracellular calcium signals with a fluorescent probe. Results Mr. S and his brother have normal, conventional sperm parameters. Both brothers have had repeated intrauterine insemination failures and one fertilization failure after conventional in vitro fertilization. Mr. S obtained 2 healthy babies after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Genetic analysis found a homozygote deletion of the STRC (stereocilin) gene (NM 153700: c.1-? 5328+?del) that removes the CATSPER 2 gene. Mutation of the STRC gene is known to be associated with hearing loss. Sperm functional tests revealed an inability of progesterone to activate intracellular calcium signaling and to induce acrosome reaction. Conclusion We demonstrate the absence of a calcium signal and acrosome reaction after progesterone in our patient with a CATSPER 2 mutation. We emphasize the importance of the male medical interview and of the genetic investigation of hearing loss. We show that in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection is necessary, even where normal sperm parameters are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guignard
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Christina Guillaume
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse Teaching Hospital Group Toulouse, France
| | - Laurie Tornero
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse Teaching Hospital Group Toulouse, France
| | - Jessika Moreau
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse Teaching Hospital Group Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Carles
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse Teaching Hospital Group Toulouse, France
- DEFE (Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement - Embryonic Development, Fertility, Environment), UMR1203, INSERM - Universities of Toulouse and Montpellier, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - François Isus
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse Teaching Hospital Group Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Huyghe
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse Teaching Hospital Group Toulouse, France
- DEFE (Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement - Embryonic Development, Fertility, Environment), UMR1203, INSERM - Universities of Toulouse and Montpellier, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Célia Ravel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Gatimel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse Teaching Hospital Group Toulouse, France
- DEFE (Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement - Embryonic Development, Fertility, Environment), UMR1203, INSERM - Universities of Toulouse and Montpellier, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Le Cosquer G, Vergnolle N, Motta JP. Gut microb-aging and its relevance to frailty aging. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105309. [PMID: 38316374 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This review explores 'microb-aging' in the gut and its potential link to frailty aging. We explore this connection through alterations in microbiota's taxonomy and metabolism, as well as with concepts of ecological resilience, pathobionts emergence, and biogeography. We examine microb-aging in interconnected body organs, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship with 'inflammaging'. Finally, we discuss how targeting microb-aging could improve screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches in geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Le Cosquer
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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7
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Buscail E, Planchamp T, Le Cosquer G, Bouchet M, Thevenin J, Carrere N, Muscari F, Abbo O, Maulat C, Weyl A, Duffas JP, Philis A, Ghouti L, Canivet C, Motta JP, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Shourick J. Postoperative ileus after digestive surgery: Network meta-analysis of pharmacological intervention. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:107-126. [PMID: 37559444 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Several medicinal treatments for avoiding postoperative ileus (POI) after abdominal surgery have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This network meta-analysis aimed to explore the relative effectiveness of these different treatments on ileus outcome measures. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed to identify RCTs comparing treatments for POI following abdominal surgery. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. Direct and indirect comparisons of all regimens were simultaneously compared using random-effects network meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 38 RCTs were included in this network meta-analysis reporting on 6371 patients. Our network meta-analysis shows that prokinetics significantly reduce the duration of first gas (mean difference [MD] = 16 h; credible interval -30, -3.1; surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA] 0.418), duration of first bowel movements (MD = 25 h; credible interval -39, -11; SUCRA 0.25) and duration of postoperative hospitalization (MD -1.9 h; credible interval -3.8, -0.040; SUCRA 0.34). Opioid antagonists are the only treatment that significantly improve the duration of food recovery (MD -19 h; credible interval -26, -14; SUCRA 0.163). CONCLUSION Based on our meta-analysis, the 2 most consistent pharmacological treatments able to effectively reduce POI after abdominal surgery are prokinetics and opioid antagonists. The absence of clear superiority of 1 treatment over another highlights the limits of the pharmacological principles available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Buscail
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, U1220, University of Toulouse, Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Planchamp
- INSERM, U1220, University of Toulouse, Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Toulouse, France
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Le Cosquer
- INSERM, U1220, University of Toulouse, Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Toulouse, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Bouchet
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Thevenin
- INSERM, U1220, University of Toulouse, Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Carrere
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Muscari
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Abbo
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Maulat
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Ariane Weyl
- Gynaecological Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Pierre Duffas
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Philis
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Ghouti
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Cindy Canivet
- Digestive Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Paul Motta
- INSERM, U1220, University of Toulouse, Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- INSERM, U1220, University of Toulouse, Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- INSERM, U1220, University of Toulouse, Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Toulouse, France
| | - Jason Shourick
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, UMR 1027 INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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8
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Deng L, Costa F, Blake KJ, Choi S, Chandrabalan A, Yousuf MS, Shiers S, Dubreuil D, Vega-Mendoza D, Rolland C, Deraison C, Voisin T, Bagood MD, Wesemann L, Frey AM, Palumbo JS, Wainger BJ, Gallo RL, Leyva-Castillo JM, Vergnolle N, Price TJ, Ramachandran R, Horswill AR, Chiu IM. S. aureus drives itch and scratch-induced skin damage through a V8 protease-PAR1 axis. Cell 2023; 186:5375-5393.e25. [PMID: 37995657 PMCID: PMC10669764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that evokes a desire to scratch. The skin barrier is constantly exposed to microbes and their products. However, the role of microbes in itch generation is unknown. Here, we show that Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial pathogen associated with itchy skin diseases, directly activates pruriceptor sensory neurons to drive itch. Epicutaneous S. aureus exposure causes robust itch and scratch-induced damage. By testing multiple isogenic bacterial mutants for virulence factors, we identify the S. aureus serine protease V8 as a critical mediator in evoking spontaneous itch and alloknesis. V8 cleaves proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) on mouse and human sensory neurons. Targeting PAR1 through genetic deficiency, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown, or pharmacological blockade decreases itch and skin damage caused by V8 and S. aureus exposure. Thus, we identify a mechanism of action for a pruritogenic bacterial factor and demonstrate the potential of inhibiting V8-PAR1 signaling to treat itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Flavia Costa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kimbria J Blake
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samantha Choi
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arundhasa Chandrabalan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Daniel Dubreuil
- Departments of Neurology and Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniela Vega-Mendoza
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Tiphaine Voisin
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michelle D Bagood
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lucia Wesemann
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abigail M Frey
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Departments of Neurology and Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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9
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Chneiweiss H, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Duclos-Vallée JC, Clément B, Flacher V, Galzi JL, Gidrol X, Goureau O, Guasch G, Haiech J, Lemaitre C, Mahé MM, Martin S, Poulain L, Sebastiani C, Vergnolle N, Yates F. [For a good understanding and use of the term "organoids"]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:876-878. [PMID: 38018932 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depuis une dizaine d’années, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés concernant les conditions qui permettent à des cellules de s’auto-organiser dans l’espace comme elles le font lors des phases précoces du développement embryonnaire ou dans certains tissus adultes. On nomme ainsi « organoïdes » des structures en trois dimensions complexes, organisées et intégrant plusieurs types cellulaires, qui peuvent reproduire in vitro certaines fonctions d’un organe. Toutefois, ces organoïdes ne peuvent actuellement reproduire à l’identique une architecture anatomique et fonctionnelle complète. Bien qu’utilisé pour des raisons de simplification pour la communication, en particulier dans la presse généraliste, il est donc abusif d’utiliser le terme « mini-organes » pour décrire ces structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Clément
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Vincent Flacher
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Jean-Luc Galzi
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | | | - Jacques Haiech
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | | | - Maxime M Mahé
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | | | | | - Frank Yates
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
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10
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Papapetropoulos A, Alexander SPH, Cortese-Krott M, Kendall DA, Martemyanov K, Mauro C, Panettieri RA, Patel HH, Schulz R, Stefanska B, Stephens GJ, Teixeira MM, Vergnolle N, Wang XJ, Ferdinandy P. Recent changes in the British Journal of Pharmacology: widening scope and improving author and editor experience. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2193-2195. [PMID: 37462063 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Miriam Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California/San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Stanford SC, Alexander S, Cirino G, George CH, Insel PA, Kendall D, Ji Y, Panettieri RA, Patel HH, Sobey CG, Stefanska B, Stephens G, Teixeira M, Vergnolle N, Ferdinandy P, Ahluwalia A. Considering and reporting sex as an experimental variable II: An update on progress in the British Journal of Pharmacology. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1191-1196. [PMID: 36876456 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul A Insel
- University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Yong Ji
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Barbara Stefanska
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mauro Teixeira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Panettieri RA, Stanford SC, Alexander S, Cirino G, George CH, Insel PA, Kendall D, Ji Y, Patel HH, Sobey CG, Stefanska B, Stephens G, Teixeira M, Vergnolle N, Ferdinandy P, Ahluwalia A. BJP recommendations for publishing research on tobacco smoke and environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1537-1541. [PMID: 37092682 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Insel
- University of California/San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Yong Ji
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California/San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mauro Teixeira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Ingrande J, Patel HH, Kendall D, Stefanska B, Alexander S, Bakhle M, Cirino G, Docherty JR, George CH, Insel PA, Ji Y, King BF, Lilley E, Panettieri RA, Ramage AG, Sobey CG, Stanford SC, Stephens G, Teixeira M, Vergnolle N, Ahluwalia A. Guidance for the use and reporting of anaesthetic agents in BJP manuscripts involving work with animals. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:255-263. [PMID: 36529953 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists who plan to publish in the British Journal of Pharmacology (BJP) should read this article before undertaking studies utilising anaesthetics in mammalian animals. This editorial identifies certain gaps in the reporting of details on the use of anaesthetics in animal research studies published in the BJP. The editorial also provides guidance, based upon current best practices, for performing in vivo experiments that require anaesthesia. In addition, mechanisms of action and physiological impact of specific anaesthetic agents are discussed. Our goal is to identify best practices and to provide guidance on the information required for manuscripts submitted to the BJP that involve the use of anaesthetic agents in studies with experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Ingrande
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Insel
- University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Ji
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Teixeira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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14
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Deraison C, Bonnart C, Langella P, Roget K, Vergnolle N. Elafin and its precursor trappin-2: What is their therapeutic potential for intestinal diseases? Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:144-160. [PMID: 36355635 PMCID: PMC10098471 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin and its precursor trappin-2 are known for their contribution to the physiological mucosal shield against luminal microbes. Such a contribution seems to be particularly relevant in the gut, where the exposure of host tissues to heavy loads of microbes is constant and contributes to mucosa-associated pathologies. The expression of trappin-2/elafin has been shown to be differentially regulated in diseases associated with gut inflammation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the protective effects of trappin-2/elafin in gut intestinal disorders associated with acute or chronic inflammation, or with gluten sensitization disorders. The protective effects of trappin-2/elafin in the gut are discussed in terms of their pleiotropic modes of action: acting as protease inhibitors, transglutaminase substrates, antimicrobial peptides or as a regulator of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. Further, the question of the therapeutic potential of trappin-2/elafin delivery at the intestinal mucosa surface is raised. Whether trappin-2/elafin mucosal delivery should be considered to ensure intestinal tissue repair is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Berger M, Guiraud L, Dumas A, Sagnat D, Payros G, Rolland C, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Cenac N, Racaud-Sultan C. Prenatal stress induces changes in PAR2- and M3-dependent regulation of colon primitive cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G609-G626. [PMID: 36283083 PMCID: PMC9722261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00061.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress is associated with a high risk of developing adult intestinal pathologies, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Although epithelial stem cells and progenitors have been implicated in intestinal pathophysiology, how prenatal stress could impact their functions is still unknown. We have investigated the proliferative and differentiation capacities of primitive cells using epithelial crypts isolated from colons of adult male and female mice whose mothers have been stressed during late gestation. Our results show that stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation in vitro are negatively impacted by prenatal stress in male progeny. This is promoted by a reinforcement of the negative proliferative/differentiation control by the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and the muscarinic receptor 3 (M3), two G protein-coupled receptors present in the crypt. Conversely, prenatal stress does not change in vitro proliferation of colon primitive cells in female progeny. Importantly, this maintenance is associated with a functional switch in the M3 negative control of colonoid growth, becoming proliferative after prenatal stress. In addition, the proliferative role of PAR2 specific to females is maintained under prenatal stress, even though PAR2-targeted stress signals Dusp6 and activated GSK3β are increased, reaching the levels of males. An epithelial serine protease could play a critical role in the activation of the survival kinase GSK3β in colonoids from prenatally stressed female progeny. Altogether, our results show that following prenatal stress, colon primitive cells cope with stress through sexually dimorphic mechanisms that could pave the way to dysregulated crypt regeneration and intestinal pathologies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Primitive cells isolated from mouse colon following prenatal stress and exposed to additional stress conditions such as in vitro culture, present sexually dimorphic mechanisms based on PAR2- and M3-dependent regulation of proliferation and differentiation. Whereas prenatal stress reinforces the physiological negative control exerted by PAR2 and M3 in crypts from males, in females, it induces a switch in M3- and PAR2-dependent regulation leading to a resistant and proliferative phenotype of progenitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Berger
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Dumas
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Payros
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France,2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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16
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Curtis MJ, Alexander SPH, Cirino G, George CH, Kendall DA, Insel PA, Izzo AA, Ji Y, Panettieri RA, Patel HH, Sobey CG, Stanford SC, Stanley P, Stefanska B, Stephens GJ, Teixeira MM, Vergnolle N, Ahluwalia A. Planning experiments: Updated guidance on experimental design and analysis and their reporting III. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3907-3913. [PMID: 35673806 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists who plan to publish in British Journal of Pharmacology (BJP) must read this article before undertaking a study. This editorial provides guidance for the design of experiments. We have published previously two guidance documents on experimental design and analysis (Curtis et al., 2015; Curtis et al., 2018). This update clarifies and simplifies the requirements on design and analysis for BJP manuscripts. This editorial also details updated requirements following an audit and discussion on best practice by the BJP editorial board. Explanations for the requirements are provided in the previous articles. Here, we address new issues that have arisen in the course of handling manuscripts and emphasise three aspects of design that continue to present the greatest challenge to authors: randomisation, blinded analysis and balance of group sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Insel
- University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Yong Ji
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Hemal H Patel
- University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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17
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Rouland M, Beaudoin L, Rouxel O, Bertrand L, Cagninacci L, Saffarian A, Pedron T, Gueddouri D, Guilmeau S, Burnol AF, Rachdi L, Tazi A, Mouriès J, Rescigno M, Vergnolle N, Sansonetti P, Christine Rogner U, Lehuen A. Gut mucosa alterations and loss of segmented filamentous bacteria in type 1 diabetes are associated with inflammation rather than hyperglycaemia. Gut 2022; 71:296-308. [PMID: 33593807 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells producing insulin. Both T1D patients and animal models exhibit gut microbiota and mucosa alterations, although the exact cause for these remains poorly understood. We investigated the production of key cytokines controlling gut integrity, the abundance of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) involved in the production of these cytokines, and the respective role of autoimmune inflammation and hyperglycaemia. DESIGN We used several mouse models of autoimmune T1D as well as mice rendered hyperglycaemic without inflammation to study gut mucosa and microbiota dysbiosis. We analysed cytokine expression in immune cells, epithelial cell function, SFB abundance and microbiota composition by 16S sequencing. We assessed the role of anti-tumour necrosis factor α on gut mucosa inflammation and T1D onset. RESULTS We show in models of autoimmune T1D a conserved loss of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22 and IL-23A in gut mucosa. Intestinal epithelial cell function was altered and gut integrity was impaired. These defects were associated with dysbiosis including progressive loss of SFB. Transfer of diabetogenic T-cells recapitulated these gut alterations, whereas induction of hyperglycaemia with no inflammation failed to do so. Moreover, anti-inflammatory treatment restored gut mucosa and immune cell function and dampened diabetes incidence. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that gut mucosa alterations and dysbiosis in T1D are primarily linked to inflammation rather than hyperglycaemia. Anti-inflammatory treatment preserves gut homeostasis and protective commensal flora reducing T1D incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Rouland
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Beaudoin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Rouxel
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Léo Bertrand
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Cagninacci
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Dalale Gueddouri
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | | | - Latif Rachdi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Asmaa Tazi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Mouriès
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - IRCCS, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - IRCCS, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Université de Toulouse, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ute Christine Rogner
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France .,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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18
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Le Cosquer G, Buscail E, Gilletta C, Deraison C, Duffas JP, Bournet B, Tuyeras G, Vergnolle N, Buscail L. Incidence and Risk Factors of Cancer in the Anal Transitional Zone and Ileal Pouch following Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030530. [PMID: 35158797 PMCID: PMC8833833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the intervention of choice for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis requiring surgery. One of the long-term complications is pouch cancer, having a poor prognosis. The risk of high-grade dysplasia and cancer in the anal transitional zone and ileal pouch after 20 years is estimated to be 2 to 4.5% and 3 to 10% in ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis, respectively. The risk factors for ulcerative colitis are the presence of pre-operative dysplasia or cancer, disease duration > 10 years and severe villous atrophy. For familial polyposis, the risk factors are the number of pre-operative polyps > 1000, surgery with stapled anastomosis and the duration of follow-up. In the case of ulcerative colitis, a pouchoscopy should be performed annually if one of the following is present: dysplasia and cancer at surgery, primary sclerosing cholangitis, villous atrophy and active pouchitis (every 5 years without any of these factors). In the case of familial polyposis, endoscopy is recommended every year including chromoendoscopy. Even if anal transitional zone and ileal pouch cancers seldom occur following proctectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis, the high mortality rate associated with this complication warrants endoscopic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Le Cosquer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil (University Hospital Centre) and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (C.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Etienne Buscail
- Department of Surgery, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.D.); (G.T.)
- IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM 1022, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Cyrielle Gilletta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil (University Hospital Centre) and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (C.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM 1022, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Duffas
- Department of Surgery, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil (University Hospital Centre) and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (C.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Géraud Tuyeras
- Department of Surgery, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM 1022, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Louis Buscail
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil (University Hospital Centre) and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (C.G.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Clinical Investigation in Biotherapy, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and INSERM U1436, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5613-23055
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19
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Motta JP, Deraison C, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Vergnolle N. PAR-1 Antagonism to Promote Gut Mucosa Healing in Crohn's Disease Patients: A New Avenue for CVT120165. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S33-S37. [PMID: 34791291 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm has been added for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to resolving symptoms and inflammatory cell activation, the objective of tissue repair and mucosal healing is also now considered a primary goal. In the search of mediators that would be responsible for delayed mucosal healing, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) has emerged as a most interesting target. Indeed, in Crohn's disease, the endogenous PAR-1 agonist thrombin is drastically activated. Activation of PAR-1 is known to be associated with epithelial dysfunctions that hamper mucosal homeostasis. This review gathers the scientific evidences of a potential role for PAR-1 in mucosal damage and mucosal dysfunctions associated with chronic intestinal inflammation. The potential clinical benefits of PAR-1 antagonism to promote mucosal repair in CD patients are discussed. Targeted local delivery of a PAR-1 antagonist molecule such as CVT120165, a formulated version of the FDA-approved PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar, at the mucosa of Crohn's disease patients could be proposed as a new indication for IBD that could be rapidly tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Solà Tapias N, Denadai-Souza A, Rolland-Fourcade C, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Blanpied C, Marcellin M, Edir A, Rolland C, Cirillo C, Dietrich G, Alric L, Portier G, Kirzin S, Bonnet D, Mas E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Vergnolle N, Barreau F. Colitis Linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Trypsin Activity Affecting Epithelial Functions. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1528-1541. [PMID: 33609354 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] from inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit an excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress [ER stress] linked to altered intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Colonic tissues and the luminal content of IBD patients are also characterized by increased serine protease activity. The possible link between ER stress and serine protease activity in colitis-associated epithelial dysfunctions is unknown. We aimed to study the association between ER stress and serine protease activity in enterocytes and its impact on intestinal functions. METHODS The impact of ER stress induced by Thapsigargin on serine protease secretion was studied using either human intestinal cell lines or organoids. Moreover, treating human intestinal cells with protease-activated receptor antagonists allowed us to investigate ER stress-resulting molecular mechanisms that induce proteolytic activity and alter intestinal epithelial cell biology. RESULTS Colonic biopsies from IBD patients exhibited increased epithelial trypsin-like activity associated with elevated ER stress. Induction of ER stress in human intestinal epithelial cells displayed enhanced apical trypsin-like activity. ER stress-induced increased trypsin activity destabilized intestinal barrier function by increasing permeability and by controlling inflammatory mediators such as C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL8]. The deleterious impact of ER stress-associated trypsin activity was specifically dependent on the activation of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Excessive ER stress in IECs caused an increased release of trypsin activity that, in turn, altered intestinal barrier function, promoting the development of inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Cirillo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Pole Digestif, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Ader I, Pénicaud L, Andrieu S, Beard JR, Davezac N, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Gourdy P, Guyonnet S, Liblau R, Parini A, Payoux P, Rampon C, Raymond-Letron I, Rolland Y, de Souto Barreto P, Valet P, Vergnolle N, Sierra F, Vellas B, Casteilla L. Healthy Aging Biomarkers: The INSPIRE's Contribution. J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:313-319. [PMID: 34549244 PMCID: PMC8081649 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The find solutions for optimizing healthy aging and increase health span is one of the main challenges for our society. A novel healthcare model based on integration and a shift on research and care towards the maintenance of optimal functional levels are now seen as priorities by the WHO. To address this issue, an integrative global strategy mixing longitudinal and experimental cohorts with an innovative transverse understanding of physiological functioning is missing. While the current approach to the biology of aging is mainly focused on parenchymal cells, we propose that age-related loss of function is largely determined by three elements which constitute the general ground supporting the different specific parenchyma: i.e. the stroma, the immune system and metabolism. Such strategy that is implemented in INSPIRE projects can strongly help to find a composite biomarker capable of predicting changes in capacity across the life course with thresholds signalling frailty and care dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ader
- Louis Casteilla, RESTORE, UMR 1301-Inserm 5070 Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse III, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), CNRS, Toulouse, France;
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22
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Buscail E, Le Cosquer G, Gross F, Lebrin M, Bugarel L, Deraison C, Vergnolle N, Bournet B, Gilletta C, Buscail L. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Perianal Fistulas in Crohn's Disease: Rationale, Clinical Results and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189967. [PMID: 34576129 PMCID: PMC8470328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 20 to 25% of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients suffer from perianal fistulas, a marker of disease severity. Seton drainage combined with anti-TNFα can result in closure of the fistula in 70 to 75% of patients. For the remaining 25% of patients there is room for in situ injection of autologous or allogenic mesenchymal stem cells such as adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs). ADSCs exert their effects on tissues and effector cells through paracrine phenomena, including the secretome and extracellular vesicles. They display anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, proliferative, and immunomodulatory properties, and a homing within the damaged tissue. They also have immuno-evasive properties allowing a clinical allogeneic approach. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted that demonstrate a complete cure rate of anoperineal fistulas in CD ranging from 46 to 90% of cases after in situ injection of autologous or allogenic ADSCs. A pivotal phase III-controlled trial using allogenic ADSCs (Alofisel®) demonstrated that prolonged clinical and radiological remission can be obtained in nearly 60% of cases with a good safety profile. Future studies should be conducted for a better knowledge of the local effect of ADSCs as well as for a standardization in terms of the number of injections and associated procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Buscail
- Department of Surgery, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France;
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM 1022, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Guillaume Le Cosquer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (B.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Fabian Gross
- Centre for Clinical Investigation in Biotherapy, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and INSERM U1436, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.G.); (M.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Marine Lebrin
- Centre for Clinical Investigation in Biotherapy, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and INSERM U1436, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.G.); (M.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Laetitia Bugarel
- Centre for Clinical Investigation in Biotherapy, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and INSERM U1436, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.G.); (M.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM 1022, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM 1022, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (B.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Cyrielle Gilletta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (B.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Louis Buscail
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and Toulouse University, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (G.L.C.); (B.B.); (C.G.)
- Centre for Clinical Investigation in Biotherapy, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil and INSERM U1436, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.G.); (M.L.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-561323055
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23
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Vergnolle N. Mini-Gut organoids for therapeutic testing. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Guerville F, De Souto Barreto P, Ader I, Andrieu S, Casteilla L, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Guyonnet S, Langin D, Liblau R, Parini A, Valet P, Vergnolle N, Rolland Y, Vellas B. Revisiting the Hallmarks of Aging to Identify Markers of Biological Age. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 7:56-64. [PMID: 32010927 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2019.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Geroscience aims at a better understanding of the biological processes of aging, to prevent and/or delay the onset of chronic diseases and disability as well as to reduce the severity of these adverse clinical outcomes. Geroscience thus open up new perspectives of care to live a healthy aging, that is to say without dependency. To date, life expectancy in healthy aging is not increasing as fast as lifespan. The identification of biomarkers of aging is critical to predict adverse outcomes during aging, to implement interventions to reduce them, and to monitor the response to these interventions. In this narrative review, we gathered information about biomarkers of aging under the perspective of Geroscience. Based on the current literature, for each hallmark of biological aging, we proposed a putative biomarker of healthy aging, chosen for their association with mortality, age-related chronic diseases, frailty and/or functional loss. We also discussed how they could be validated as useful predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guerville
- Florent Guerville, Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France. , Tel: 0033561145664. Fax: 0033561145640
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25
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Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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26
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Augé C, Basso L, Blanpied C, Vergnolle N, Gamé X, Chabot S, Lluel P, Dietrich G. Pain Management in a Model of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome by a Vaccinal Strategy. Front Pain Res 2021; 2:642706. [PMID: 35295433 PMCID: PMC8915701 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.642706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current analgesic treatments for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) are limited. Here, we propose a novel antinociceptive strategy exploiting the opioid-mediated analgesic properties of T lymphocytes to relieve from bladder pain. In a chronic model of IC/BPS in rats, we show that a secondary T cell response against intravesically administered ovalbumin prevents from visceral pain in OVA-primed animals. The analgesic effect is associated with the recruitment of T lymphocytes within the inflamed mucosa and is reversed by naloxone-methiodide, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist. Similarly, intravesical instillation of BCG or tetanus toxoid antigens in vaccinated rats protects from pain in the same model. We show opioid-dependent analgesic properties of local vaccine antigen recall in a preclinical rat model of chronic cystitis. Since BCG bladder instillation is regularly used in humans (as anticancer therapy), our results open it as a new therapeutic positioning for a pain management indication for IC/BPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Augé
- Urosphere, Department of Pain and Inflammation, Toulouse, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xavier Gamé
- Urology Department, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, I2MC-U1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Chabot
- Urosphere, Department of Pain and Inflammation, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Lluel
- Urosphere, Department of Pain and Inflammation, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Philippe Lluel
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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27
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Guyonnet S, Rolland Y, Takeda C, Ousset PJ, Ader I, Davezac N, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Gourdy P, Liblau R, Parini A, Payoux P, Pénicaud L, Rampon C, Valet P, Vergnolle N, Andrieu S, de Souto Barreto P, Casteilla L, Vellas B. The INSPIRE Bio-Resource Research Platform for Healthy Aging and Geroscience: Focus on the Human Translational Research Cohort (The INSPIRE-T Cohort). J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:110-120. [PMID: 33575699 PMCID: PMC7352084 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Geroscience field focuses on the core biological mechanisms of aging, which are involved in the onset of age-related diseases, as well as declines in intrinsic capacity (IC) (body functions) leading to dependency. A better understanding on how to measure the true age of an individual or biological aging is an essential step that may lead to the definition of putative markers capable of predicting healthy aging. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the INStitute for Prevention healthy agIng and medicine Rejuvenative (INSPIRE) Platform initiative is to build a program for Geroscience and healthy aging research going from animal models to humans and the health care system. The specific aim of the INSPIRE human translational cohort (INSPIRE-T cohort) is to gather clinical, digital and imaging data, and perform relevant and extensive biobanking to allow basic and translational research on humans. METHODS The INSPIRE-T cohort consists in a population study comprising 1000 individuals in Toulouse and surrounding areas (France) of different ages (20 years or over - no upper limit for age) and functional capacity levels (from robustness to frailty, and even dependency) with follow-up over 10 years. Diversified data are collected annually in research facilities or at home according to standardized procedures. Between two annual visits, IC domains are monitored every 4-month by using the ICOPE Monitor app developed in collaboration with WHO. Once IC decline is confirmed, participants will have a clinical assessment and blood sampling to investigate markers of aging at the time IC declines are detected. Biospecimens include blood, urine, saliva, and dental plaque that are collected from all subjects at baseline and then, annually. Nasopharyngeal swabs and cutaneous surface samples are collected in a large subgroup of subjects every two years. Feces, hair bulb and skin biopsy are collected optionally at the baseline visit and will be performed again during the longitudinal follow up. EXPECTED RESULTS Recruitment started on October 2019 and is expected to last for two years. Bio-resources collected and explored in the INSPIRE-T cohort will be available for academic and industry partners aiming to identify robust (set of) markers of aging, age-related diseases and IC evolution that could be pharmacologically or non-pharmacologically targetable. The INSPIRE-T will also aim to develop an integrative approach to explore the use of innovative technologies and a new, function and person-centered health care pathway that will promote a healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guyonnet
- Sophie Guyonnet, Inserm UMR 1027, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,
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Racaud-Sultan C, Vergnolle N. GSK3β, a Master Kinase in the Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Behavior. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020225. [PMID: 33498808 PMCID: PMC7911451 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult stem cells, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is at the crossroad of signaling pathways controlling survival, proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. The microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of these cell functions and we have demonstrated that the GSK3β activity is strongly dependent on the engagement of integrins and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Downstream of the integrin α5β1 or PAR2 activation, a molecular complex is organized around the scaffolding proteins RACK1 and β-arrestin-2 respectively, containing the phosphatase PP2A responsible for GSK3β activation. As a consequence, a quiescent stem cell phenotype is established with high capacities to face apoptotic and metabolic stresses. A protective role of GSK3β has been found for hematopoietic and intestinal stem cells. Latters survived to de-adhesion through PAR2 activation, whereas formers were protected from cytotoxicity through α5β1 engagement. However, a prolonged activation of GSK3β promoted a defect in epithelial regeneration and a resistance to chemotherapy of leukemic cells, paving the way to chronic inflammatory diseases and to cancer resurgence, respectively. In both cases, a sexual dimorphism was measured in GSK3β-dependent cellular functions. GSK3β activity is a key marker for inflammatory and cancer diseases allowing adjusted therapy to sex, age and metabolic status of patients.
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Motta JP, Rolland C, Edir A, Florence AC, Sagnat D, Bonnart C, Rousset P, Guiraud L, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Mas E, Bonnet D, Verdu EF, McKay DM, Buscail E, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C. Epithelial production of elastase is increased in inflammatory bowel disease and causes mucosal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:667-678. [PMID: 33674762 PMCID: PMC8075934 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between proteases and their inhibitors plays a crucial role in the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Increased elastolytic activity is observed in the colon of patients suffering from IBD. Here, we aimed at identifying the players involved in elastolytic hyperactivity associated with IBD and their contribution to the disease. We revealed that epithelial cells are a major source of elastolytic activity in healthy human colonic tissues and this activity is greatly increased in IBD patients, both in diseased and distant sites of inflammation. This study identified a previously unrevealed production of elastase 2A (ELA2A) by colonic epithelial cells, which was enhanced in IBD patients. We demonstrated that ELA2A hyperactivity is sufficient to lead to a leaky epithelial barrier. Epithelial ELA2A hyperactivity also modified the cytokine gene expression profile with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts, while reducing the expression of pro-resolving and repair factor genes. ELA2A thus appears as a novel actor produced by intestinal epithelial cells, which can drive inflammation and loss of barrier function, two essentials pathophysiological hallmarks of IBD. Targeting ELA2A hyperactivity should thus be considered as a potential target for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana-Carolina Florence
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Perrine Rousset
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.414018.80000 0004 0638 325XUnité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Etienne Buscail
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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30
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Motta JP, Palese S, Giorgio C, Chapman K, Denadai-Souza A, Rousset P, Sagnat D, Guiraud L, Edir A, Seguy C, Alric L, Bonnet D, Bournet B, Buscail L, Gilletta C, Buret AG, Wallace JL, Hollenberg MD, Oswald E, Barocelli E, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Increased Mucosal Thrombin is Associated with Crohn's Disease and Causes Inflammatory Damage through Protease-activated Receptors Activation. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:787-799. [PMID: 33201214 PMCID: PMC8095389 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thrombin levels in the colon of Crohn's disease patients have recently been found to be elevated 100-fold compared with healthy controls. Our aim was to determine whether and how dysregulated thrombin activity could contribute to local tissue malfunctions associated with Crohn's disease. METHODS Thrombin activity was studied in tissues from Crohn's disease patients and healthy controls. Intracolonic administration of thrombin to wild-type or protease-activated receptor-deficient mice was used to assess the effects and mechanisms of local thrombin upregulation. Colitis was induced in rats and mice by the intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. RESULTS Active forms of thrombin were increased in Crohn's disease patient tissues. Elevated thrombin expression and activity were associated with intestinal epithelial cells. Increased thrombin activity and expression were also a feature of experimental colitis in rats. Colonic exposure to doses of active thrombin comparable to what is found in inflammatory bowel disease tissues caused mucosal damage and tissue dysfunctions in mice, through a mechanism involving both protease-activated receptors -1 and -4. Intracolonic administration of the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, as well as inhibition of protease-activated receptor-1, prevented trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rodent models. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that increased local thrombin activity, as it occurs in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, causes mucosal damage and inflammation. Colonic thrombin and protease-activated receptor-1 appear as possible mechanisms involved in mucosal damage and loss of function and therefore represent potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Simone Palese
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Kevin Chapman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Perrine Rousset
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Seguy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | | | | | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada,Corresponding author: Dr Nathalie Vergnolle, PhD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive [IRSD], INSERM UMR-1220, Purpan Hospital, CS60039, 31024 Toulouse cedex 03, France. Tel.: 33-5-62-74-45-00; fax: 33-5-62-74-45-58;
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31
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Solà-Tapias N, Vergnolle N, Denadai-Souza A, Barreau F. The Interplay Between Genetic Risk Factors and Proteolytic Dysregulation in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1149-1161. [PMID: 32090263 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Previous studies reported increased levels of proteolytic activity in stool and tissue samples from IBD patients, whereas the re-establishment of the proteolytic balance abrogates the development of experimental colitis. Furthermore, recent data suggest that IBD occurs in genetically predisposed individuals who develop an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbes once exposed to environmental triggers. In this review, we highlight the role of proteases in IBD pathophysiology, and we showcase how the main cellular pathways associated with IBD influence proteolytic unbalance and how functional proteomics are allowing the unambiguous identification of dysregulated proteases in IBD, paving the way to the development of new protease inhibitors as a new potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà-Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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32
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Mussard E, Pouzet C, Helies V, Pascal G, Fourre S, Cherbuy C, Rubio A, Vergnolle N, Combes S, Beaumont M. Culture of rabbit caecum organoids by reconstituting the intestinal stem cell niche in vitro with pharmacological inhibitors or L-WRN conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101980. [PMID: 32920507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are self-organized 3-dimensional (3D) structures formed by a single layer of polarized epithelial cells. This innovative in vitro model is highly relevant to study physiology of the intestinal epithelium and its role in nutrition and barrier function. However, this model has never been developed in rabbits, while it would have potential applications for biomedical and veterinary research. Here, we cultured rabbit caecum organoids with either pharmacological inhibitors (2Ki medium) or L-WRN cells conditioned medium (L-WRN CM) to reconstitute the intestinal stem cell niche in vitro. Large spherical organoids were obtained with the 2Ki medium and this morphology was associated with a high level of proliferation and stem cells markers gene expression. In contrast, organoids cultured with L-WRN CM had a smaller diameter; a greater cell height and part of them were not spherical. When the L-WRN CM was used at low concentration (5%) for two days, the gene expression of stem cells and proliferation markers were very low, while absorptive and secretory cells markers and antimicrobial peptides were elevated. Epithelial cells within organoids were polarized in 3D cultures with 2Ki medium or L-WRN CM (apical side towards the lumen). We cultured dissociated organoid cells in 2D monolayers, which allowed accessibility to the apical compartment. Under these conditions, actin stress fibers were observed with the 2Ki medium, while perijonctionnal localization of actin was observed with the L-WRN CM suggesting, in 2D cultures as well, a higher differentiation level in the presence of L-WRN CM. In conclusion, rabbit caecum organoids cultured with the 2Ki medium were more proliferative and less differentiated than organoids cultured with L-WRN CM. We propose that organoids cultured with the 2Ki medium could be used to rapidly generate in vitro a large number of rabbit intestinal epithelial stem cells while organoids cultured with the L-WRN CM used at low concentration represent a suitable model to study differentiated rabbit epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Mussard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Pouzet
- FRAIB-TRI Imaging Platform Facilities, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Helies
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Géraldine Pascal
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Sandra Fourre
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aude Rubio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
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33
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Augé C, Gamé X, Vergnolle N, Lluel P, Chabot S. Characterization and Validation of a Chronic Model of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1305. [PMID: 32982733 PMCID: PMC7485435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by visceral pain and voiding symptoms. IC/BPS is still an unsolved enigma with ineffective diagnosis criteria and treatment. A main limitation in IC/BPS understanding is the lack of appropriate preclinical model. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is commonly used as an experimental model for IC/BPS in rodent. However, the proposed models are very aggressive, contrasting with what occurs in clinic, and often associated with severe toxicity and high mortality rate. In addition, visceral pain, the hallmark symptom of IC/BPS, has been validated in only few of them. In this study, we developed a chronic model of CYP-induced IC/BPS in female rat. In our protocol, no severe weight loss occurred and the survival rate was 100%. In accordance to human pathology, chronic CYP-injected rats developed severe painful behavior whereas only sparse inflammation was observed. Inflammatory response was characterized by bladder edema and focal urothelial damage but absence of massive infiltrate. This chronic model showed persistent symptoms indicative for a central sensitization mechanism. We further demonstrate that CYP-induced chronic visceral pain was significantly reduced by curative treatment with clinically relevant compounds (gabapentin, ibuprofen, and Ialuril®). We therefore developed and validated a rat model of chronic cystitis that shares strong similarity with human non-ulcerative IC/BPS features without overtly affecting the animal health. This model will thus provide mechanistic insights of the disease and help to evaluate therapeutic agents for IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Augé
- Department of Pain and Inflammation, Urosphere, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Gamé
- Urology Department, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, I2MC-U1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Lluel
- Department of Pain and Inflammation, Urosphere, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Chabot
- Department of Pain and Inflammation, Urosphere, Toulouse, France
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Trinel M, Le Lamer AC, Jullian V, Jacquemin D, Graton J, Cristofoli V, Crossay E, Yassine M, Rolland C, Vergnolle N, Mejia K, Joel Cabanillas B, Racaud-Sultan C, Fabre N. Daphnanes diterpenes from the latex of Hura crepitans L. And activity against human colorectal cancer cells Caco-2. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104132. [PMID: 32768743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hura crepitans (Euphorbiaceae) is a tree from South America that produces an irritant latex used as a fish poison. A bio-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the latex led to the isolation and structural identification of three known daphnane-type diterpenes (1-3) including huratoxin (1), together with two new analogs (4, 5). Compound 1 was found to exhibit significant and selective cell growth inhibition against the colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2, with morphological modifications suggesting formations mimicking the intestinal crypt architecture. The underlying mechanism of 1 was further investigated, in comparison with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), revealing two different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Trinel
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | | | - Valérie Jullian
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France; Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Graton
- CEISAM, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, France
| | | | - Elise Crossay
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - May Yassine
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Kember Mejia
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Billy Joel Cabanillas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | | | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
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35
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Trimaglio G, Tilkin-Mariamé AF, Feliu V, Lauzéral-Vizcaino F, Tosolini M, Valle C, Ayyoub M, Neyrolles O, Vergnolle N, Rombouts Y, Devaud C. Colon-specific immune microenvironment regulates cancer progression versus rejection. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1790125. [PMID: 32923152 PMCID: PMC7458593 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1790125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have achieved clinical benefit in many types of cancer but remain limited to a subset of patients in colorectal cancer (CRC). Resistance to immunotherapy can be attributed in part to tissue-specific factors constraining antitumor immunity. Thus, a better understanding of how the colon microenvironment shapes the immune response to CRC is needed to identify mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies and guide the development of novel therapeutics. In an orthotopic mouse model of MC38-CRC, tumor progression was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and the immune signatures were assessed at a transcriptional level using NanoString and at a cellular level by flow cytometry. Despite initial tumor growth in all mice, only 25% to 35% of mice developed a progressive lethal CRC while the remaining animals spontaneously rejected their solid tumor. No tumor rejection was observed in the absence of adaptive immunity, nor when MC38 cells were injected in non-orthotopic locations, subcutaneously or into the liver. We observed that progressive CRC tumors exhibited a protumor immune response, characterized by a regulatory T-lymphocyte pattern, discernible shortly post-tumor implantation, as well as suppressive myeloid cells. In contrast, tumor-rejecting mice presented an early inflammatory response and an antitumor microenvironment enriched in CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate the role of the colon microenvironment in regulating the balance between anti or protumor immune responses. While emphasizing the relevance of the CRC orthotopic model, they set the basis for exploring the impact of the identified signatures in colon cancer response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Trimaglio
- Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université De Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Virginie Feliu
- Centre De Recherches En Cancérologie De Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France.,Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Universitaire Du Cancer (IUCT)- Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lauzéral-Vizcaino
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Universitaire Du Cancer (IUCT)- Oncopôle, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Centre De Recherches En Cancérologie De Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Valle
- Centre De Recherches En Cancérologie De Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Centre De Recherches En Cancérologie De Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France.,Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Universitaire Du Cancer (IUCT)- Oncopôle, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université De Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Institut De Recherche En Santé Digestive (IRSD), Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université De Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Devaud
- INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Institut De Recherche En Santé Digestive (IRSD), Toulouse, France
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36
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d'Aldebert E, Quaranta M, Sébert M, Bonnet D, Kirzin S, Portier G, Duffas JP, Chabot S, Lluel P, Allart S, Ferrand A, Alric L, Racaud-Sultan C, Mas E, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Characterization of Human Colon Organoids From Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:363. [PMID: 32582690 PMCID: PMC7287042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders, where epithelial defects drive, at least in part, some of the pathology. We reconstituted human intestinal epithelial organ, by using three-dimension culture of human colon organoids. Our aim was to characterize morphological and functional phenotypes of control (non-IBD) organoids, compared to inflamed organoids from IBD patients. The results generated describe the epithelial defects associated with IBD in primary organoid cultures, and evaluate the use of this model for pharmacological testing of anti-inflammatory approaches. Human colonic tissues were obtained from either surgical resections or biopsies, all harvested in non-inflammatory zones. Crypts were isolated from controls (non-IBD) and IBD patients and were cultured up to 12-days. Morphological (size, budding formation, polarization, luminal content), cell composition (proliferation, differentiation, immaturity markers expression), and functional (chemokine and tight junction protein expression) parameters were measured by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR or western-blot. The effects of inflammatory cocktail or anti-inflammatory treatments were studied in controls and IBD organoid cultures respectively. Organoid cultures from controls or IBD patients had the same cell composition after 10 to 12-days of culture, but IBD organoid cultures showed an inflammatory phenotype with decreased size and budding capacity, increased cell death, luminal debris, and inverted polarization. Tight junction proteins were also significantly decreased in IBD organoid cultures. Inflammatory cytokine cocktail reproduced this inflammatory phenotype in non-IBD organoids. Clinically used treatments (5-ASA, glucocorticoids, anti-TNF) reduced some, but not all parameters. Inflammatory phenotype is associated with IBD epithelium, and can be studied in organoid cultures. This model constitutes a reliable human pre-clinical model to investigate new strategies targeting epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie d'Aldebert
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Quaranta
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Morgane Sébert
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Guillaume Portier
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Pole Digestif, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Allart
- Plateforme d'Imagerie, CPTP, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Motta JP, Palese S, Sagnat D, Rousset P, Guiraud L, Edir A, Seguy C, Alric L, Bonnet D, Bournet B, Buscail L, Gilletta C, Barocelli E, Grand SL, Grand BL, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Therapeutic Intervention Targeting Mucosal Thrombin Or Protease‐Activated‐Receptor 1 Are Protective Against Colitis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Deraison C, Jaeger MC, Guiraud L, Rolland C, Bellot A, Rolland C, Sebbag M, Bermudez L, Langella P, Vergnolle N. A gardian of gut epithelial barrier from inflammation: the elastase inhibitor ELAFIN. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Motta JP, Palese S, Sagnat D, Guiraud L, Alric L, Barocelli E, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Mucosal Thrombin Alters Gut Microbiota Biofilms Structure And Promote Dispersion Of Bacteria With Aggressive Behavior. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Caminero Fernandez A, Rondeau L, Galipeau HJ, Jury J, Bermudez-Brito M, Constante M, Clarizio AV, Deraison C, Ruf W, Vergnolle N, Verdu E. A48 COLITIS FAVORS THE EXPANSION OF BACTERIA THAT ACTIVATE PAR2 AMPLIFYING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Proteolytic imbalance has been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in different models of experimental colitis. Although the proteases reported to be increased are mainly from the host, the role of bacterial proteases has recently emerged, as they can promote inflammation, in part, through activation of Protease-activated receptors (PARs). PAR2 deficient mice are resistant to inflammation and PAR2 activation affects multiple aspects of the tissue response to injury. However, PAR2 communicates with other receptors such as toll-like and other PARs, which are important in multiple immune signaling pathways. Thus, the direct implication of PAR2 in colitis, and specifically the activation of the external domain by microbial proteases, remains unclear.
Aims
To study the role of PAR2 and bacterial proteases in experimental colitis.
Methods
C57BL/6 and protease-resistant PAR2 (R38E-PAR2) mice, in which activation site of PAR2 is missing, were given 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days followed by 2 days of water. Control C57BL/6 (wild-type) and R38E-PAR2 mice received only water. Percent weight change was evaluated along the study. Fecal microbiota (16S Ilumina), expression of proinflammatory genes (Nanostring), gut permeability (Ussing chamber), proteolytic activities (colorimetric assay) and bacterial translocation (plating) were measured in all mice at sacrifice. Inflammation was determined by analyzing stool consistency, fecal blood and by microscopic scores (Cooper score). Bacteria with proteolytic activity were isolated using agar-media with protein as main nutrient and bacterial capacity to release the external domain of PAR2 was tested in cells harbouring luciferase at the PAR2 N terminus.
Results
Wild-type, but not R38E-PAR2 mice, had increased expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, such as tnf, map3k and tlr, gut dysfunction and increased intestinal permeability, increased bacterial translocation into spleen and altered microbiota profiles following DSS treatment. DSS induced colitis in both mouse strains, but clinical and microscopic scores were significantly lower in R38E-PAR2 compared with wild-type mice. DSS increased the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Enterococcus and Staphylococcus only in wild-type mice. Proteolytic phenotype of these bacteria, and their capacity to cleave the external domain of PAR2, was confirmed.
Conclusions
Mice lacking the activation site of PAR2 are protected from DSS-induced colitis. DSS treatment leads to expansion of bacteria releasing active proteases, which may mediate injury through PAR2. These results suggest that intestinal injury promotes microbial proteolytic imbalance which in turn, exacerbates inflammation.
Funding Agencies
CAG, CCC, CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Jury
- McMaster, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - W Ruf
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - E Verdu
- McMaster, Oakville, ON, Canada
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Santin Y, Lopez S, Ader I, Andrieu S, Blanchard N, Carrière A, Casteilla L, Cousin B, Davezac N, De Souto Barreto P, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Gourdy P, Guyonnet S, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Kunduzova O, Lezoualc’h F, Liblau R, Martinez L, Moro C, Payoux P, Pénicaud L, Planat-Bénard V, Rampon C, Rolland Y, Schanstra JP, Sierra F, Valet P, Varin A, Vergnolle N, Vellas B, Viña J, Guiard B, Parini A. Towards a large-scale assessment of the relationship between biological and chronological aging: The INSPIRE Mouse Cohort. J Frailty Aging 2020; 10:121-131. [DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. After decades of research focused on extending lifespan, current efforts seek primarily to promote healthy aging. Recent advances suggest that biological processes linked to aging are more reliable than chronological age to account for an individual’s functional status, i.e. frail or robust. It is becoming increasingly apparent that biological aging may be detectable as a progressive loss of resilience much earlier than the appearance of clinical signs of frailty. In this context, the INSPIRE program was built to identify the mechanisms of accelerated aging and the early biological signs predicting frailty and pathological aging. To address this issue, we designed a cohort of outbred Swiss mice (1576 male and female mice) in which we will continuously monitor spontaneous and voluntary physical activity from 6 to 24 months of age under either normal or high fat/high sucrose diet. At different age points (6, 12, 18, 24 months), multiorgan functional phenotyping will be carried out to identify early signs of organ dysfunction and generate a large biological fluids/feces/organs biobank (100,000 samples). A comprehensive correlation between functional and biological phenotypes will be assessed to determine: 1) the early signs of biological aging and their relationship with chronological age; 2) the role of dietary and exercise interventions on accelerating or decelerating the rate of biological aging; and 3) novel targets for the promotion of healthy aging. All the functional and omics data, as well as the biobank generated in the framework of the INSPIRE cohort will be available to the aging scientific community. The present article describes the scientific background and the strategies employed for the design of the INSPIRE Mouse cohort.
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Noguerol J, Roustan PJ, N'Taye M, Delcombel L, Rolland C, Guiraud L, Sagnat D, Edir A, Bonnart C, Denadai-Souza A, Deraison C, Vergnolle N, Racaud-Sultan C. Sexual dimorphism in PAR 2-dependent regulation of primitive colonic cells. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 31492202 PMCID: PMC6731565 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism in biological responses is a critical knowledge for therapeutic proposals. However, gender differences in intestinal stem cell physiology have been poorly studied. Given the important role of the protease-activated receptor PAR2 in the control of colon epithelial primitive cells and cell cycle genes, we have performed a sex-based comparison of its expression and of the effects of PAR2 activation or knockout on cell proliferation and survival functions. METHODS Epithelial primitive cells isolated from colons from male and female mice were cultured as colonoids, and their number and size were measured. PAR2 activation was triggered by the addition of SLIGRL agonist peptide in the culture medium. PAR2-deficient mice were used to study the impact of PAR2 expression on colon epithelial cell culture and gene expression. RESULTS Colonoids from female mice were more abundant and larger compared to males, and these differences were further increased after PAR2 activation by specific PAR2 agonist peptide. The proliferation of male epithelial cells was lower compared to females but was specifically increased in PAR2 knockout male cells. PAR2 expression was higher in male colon cells compared to females and controlled the gene expression and activation of key negative signals of the primitive cell proliferation. This PAR2-dependent brake on the proliferation of male colon primitive cells was correlated with stress resistance. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data demonstrate that there is a sexual dimorphism in the PAR2-dependent regulation of primitive cells of the colon crypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Noguerol
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Roustan
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Mikael N'Taye
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Léo Delcombel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, Toulouse, France.
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43
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Rincel M, Aubert P, Chevalier J, Grohard PA, Basso L, Monchaux de Oliveira C, Helbling JC, Lévy É, Chevalier G, Leboyer M, Eberl G, Layé S, Capuron L, Vergnolle N, Neunlist M, Boudin H, Lepage P, Darnaudéry M. Multi-hit early life adversity affects gut microbiota, brain and behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:179-192. [PMID: 30872090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adverse events in utero and during childhood differentially increases the vulnerability to psychiatric diseases in men and women. Gut microbiota is highly sensitive to the early environment and has been recently hypothesized to affect brain development. However, the impact of early-life adversity on gut microbiota, notably with regards to sex differences, remains to be explored. We examined the effects of multifactorial early-life adversity on behavior and microbiota composition in C3H/HeN mice of both sexes exposed to a combination of maternal immune activation (lipopolysaccharide injection on embryonic day 17, 120 µg/kg, i.p.), maternal separation (3hr per day from postnatal day (PND)2 to PND14) and maternal unpredictable chronic mild stress. At adulthood, offspring exposed to multi-hit early adversity showed sex-specific behavioral phenotypes with males exhibiting deficits in social behavior and females showing increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze and increased compulsive behavior in the marble burying test. Early adversity also differentially regulated gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) according to sex. Interestingly, several genes such as Arc, Btg2, Fosb, Egr4 or Klf2 were oppositely regulated by early adversity in males versus females. Finally, 16S-based microbiota profiling revealed sex-dependent gut dysbiosis. In males, abundance of taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadaceae families or other unclassified Firmicutes, but also Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Alloprevotella genera was regulated by early adversity. In females, the effects of early adversity were limited and mainly restricted to Lactobacillus and Mucispirillum genera. Our work reveals marked sex differences in a multifactorial model of early-life adversity, both on emotional behaviors and gut microbiota, suggesting that sex should systematically be considered in preclinical studies both in neurogastroenterology and psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rincel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Aubert
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Chevalier
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Grohard
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM UMR1220, INRA UMR1416, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Monchaux de Oliveira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Christophe Helbling
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Élodie Lévy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris-est-Créteil, Laboratoire Psychiatrie translationnelle, INSERM U955, Hôpital Chenevier-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Unité Microenvironnement et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucile Capuron
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM UMR1220, INRA UMR1416, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Boudin
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudéry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Desormeaux C, Bautzova T, Garcia-Caraballo S, Rolland C, Barbaro MR, Brierley SM, Barbara G, Vergnolle N, Cenac N. Protease-activated receptor 1 is implicated in irritable bowel syndrome mediators-induced signaling to thoracic human sensory neurons. Pain 2019; 159:1257-1267. [PMID: 29554016 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteases and protease-activated receptors (PARs) are major mediators involved in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our objectives were to decipher the expression and functionality (calcium signaling) of PARs in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and to define mechanisms involved in human sensory neuron signaling by IBS patient mediators. Human thoracic DRG were obtained from the national disease resource interchange. Expression of PAR1, PAR2, and PAR4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in whole DRG or in primary cultures of isolated neurons. Calcium signaling in response to PAR agonist peptides (PAR-AP), their inactive peptides (PAR-IP), thrombin (10 U/mL), supernatants from colonic biopsies of patients with IBS, or healthy controls, with or without PAR1 or PAR4 antagonist were studied in cultured human DRG neurons. PAR1, PAR2, and PAR4 were all expressed in human DRG, respectively, in 20%, 40%, and 40% of the sensory neurons. PAR1-AP increased intracellular calcium concentration in a dose-dependent manner. This increase was inhibited by PAR1 antagonism. By contrast, PAR2-AP, PAR4-AP, and PAR-IP did not cause calcium mobilization. PAR1-AP-induced calcium flux was significantly reduced by preincubation with PAR4-AP, but not with PAR2-AP. Thrombin increased calcium flux, which was inhibited by a PAR1 antagonist and increased by a PAR4 antagonist. Supernatants from colonic biopsies of patients with IBS induced calcium flux in human sensory neurons compared with healthy controls, and this induction was reversed by a PAR1 antagonist. Taken together, our results highlight that PAR1 antagonism should be investigated as a new therapeutic target for IBS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Desormeaux
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Tereza Bautzova
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Group, Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Group, Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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45
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Devaud C, Tilkin-Mariamé AF, Vignolle-Vidoni A, Souleres P, Denadai-Souza A, Rolland C, Duthoit C, Blanpied C, Chabot S, Bouillé P, Lluel P, Vergnolle N, Racaud-Sultan C, Ferrand A. FAK alternative splice mRNA variants expression pattern in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:494-502. [PMID: 30628725 PMCID: PMC6563491 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic tyrosine‐kinase promoting tumor progression and metastasis processes by acting in cancer cells and their tumor microenvironment partners. FAK overexpression in primary colon tumors and their metastasis is associated to poor colorectal cancer (CRC) patients’ outcome. Eight FAK mRNA alternative splice variants have been described and contribute to additional level of FAK activity regulation, some of them corresponding to overactivated FAK isoforms. To date, FAK mRNA alternative splice variants expression and implication in CRC processes remain unknown. Here, using different human CRC cells lines displaying differential invasive capacities in an in vivo murine model recapitulating the different steps of CRC development from primary tumors to liver and lung metastasis, we identified three out of the eight mRNA variants (namely FAK0, FAK28 and FAK6) differentially expressed along the CRC process and the tumor sites. Our results highlight an association between FAK0 and FAK6 expressions and the metastatic potential of the most aggressive cell lines HT29 and HCT116, suggesting that FAK0 and FAK6 could represent aggressiveness markers in CRC. Our findings also suggest a more specific role for FAK28 in the interactions between the tumors cells and their microenvironment. In conclusion, targeting FAK0, the common form of FAK, might not be a good strategy based on the numerous roles of this kinase in physiological processes. In contrast, FAK6 or FAK28 splice variants, or their corresponding protein isoforms, may putatively represent future therapeutic target candidates in the development of CRC primary tumors and metastasis. What's new? Overexpression of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is associated with poor outcome in patients with colorectal cancer but the role of the eight splice variants of FAK remains unknown. Here the authors correlated FAK splice variant expression in colorectal tumor cell lines with invasiveness in mouse models. FAK0 and FAK6 splice variant expression was associated with higher aggressiveness and metastatic potential, underscoring that distinct FAK splice variants may represent new targets in the development of drugs against colorectal cancer and associated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Devaud
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Philippine Souleres
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Chabot
- Urosphère, Canal Biotech 2, 3 rue des satellites, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Lluel
- Urosphère, Canal Biotech 2, 3 rue des satellites, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM (U1220), INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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46
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Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier is the largest exchange surface between the body and the external environment. Its functions are regulated by luminal, and also internal, components including the enteric nervous system. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of the digestive "neuronal-glial-epithelial unit" on epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse , France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Carla Cirillo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse , France.,Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, TARGID, University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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47
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Bautzova T, Hockley JRF, Perez-Berezo T, Pujo J, Tranter MM, Desormeaux C, Barbaro MR, Basso L, Le Faouder P, Rolland C, Malapert P, Moqrich A, Eutamene H, Denadai-Souza A, Vergnolle N, Smith ESJ, Hughes DI, Barbara G, Dietrich G, Bulmer DC, Cenac N. 5-oxoETE triggers nociception in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome through MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor D. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/561/eaal2171. [PMID: 30563864 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by chronic abdominal pain concurrent with altered bowel habit. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites are increased in abundance in IBS and are implicated in the alteration of sensation to mechanical stimuli, which is defined as visceral hypersensitivity. We sought to quantify PUFA metabolites in patients with IBS and evaluate their role in pain. Quantification of PUFA metabolites by mass spectrometry in colonic biopsies showed an increased abundance of 5-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxoETE) only in biopsies taken from patients with IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C). Local administration of 5-oxoETE to mice induced somatic and visceral hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli without causing tissue inflammation. We found that 5-oxoETE directly acted on both human and mouse sensory neurons as shown by lumbar splanchnic nerve recordings and Ca2+ imaging of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We showed that 5-oxoETE selectively stimulated nonpeptidergic, isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive DRG neurons through a phospholipase C (PLC)- and pertussis toxin-dependent mechanism, suggesting that the effect was mediated by a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The MAS-related GPCR D (Mrgprd) was found in mouse colonic DRG afferents and was identified as being implicated in the noxious effects of 5-oxoETE. Together, these data suggest that 5-oxoETE, a potential biomarker of IBS-C, induces somatic and visceral hyperalgesia without inflammation in an Mrgprd-dependent manner. Thus, 5-oxoETE may play a pivotal role in the abdominal pain associated with IBS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Bautzova
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - James R F Hockley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB1 2PD, UK.,National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AJ, UK
| | - Teresa Perez-Berezo
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Pujo
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael M Tranter
- National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AJ, UK
| | - Cleo Desormeaux
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lilian Basso
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- INSERM UMR1048, Lipidomic Core Facility, Metatoul Platform, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Malapert
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Marseille, France
| | - Aziz Moqrich
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Marseille, France
| | - Helene Eutamene
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Team, UMR 1331, INRA Toxalim, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB1 2PD, UK
| | - David I Hughes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David C Bulmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB1 2PD, UK.,National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AJ, UK
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- INSERM, UMR1220, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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48
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Fichna J, Vergnolle N, Rooman I. Young GI angle: My biggest (career) mistake. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6:1278-1279. [PMID: 30288292 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618803045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ilse Rooman
- Oncology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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49
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Esquerre N, Basso L, Dubuquoy C, Djouina M, Chappard D, Blanpied C, Desreumaux P, Vergnolle N, Vignal C, Body-Malapel M. Aluminum Ingestion Promotes Colorectal Hypersensitivity in Rodents. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:185-196. [PMID: 30534582 PMCID: PMC6280602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial disease arising from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental influences. To date, environmental triggers are not well known. Aluminum is commonly present in food, notably by its use as food additive. We investigated the effects of aluminum ingestion in rodent models of visceral hypersensitivity, and the mechanisms involved. Methods Visceral hypersensitivity was recorded by colorectal distension in rats administered with oral low doses of aluminum. Inflammation was analyzed in the colon of aluminum-treated rats by quantitative PCR for cytokine expression and by immunohistochemistry for immune cells quantification. Involvement of mast cells in the aluminum-induced hypersensitivity was determined by cromoglycate administration of rats and in mast cell-deficient mice (KitW-sh/W-sh). Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activation in response to aluminum was evaluated and its implication in aluminum-induced hypersensitivity was assessed in PAR2 knockout mice. Results Orally administered low-dose aluminum induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats and mice. Visceral pain induced by aluminum persisted over time even after cessation of treatment, reappeared and was amplified when treatment resumed. As observed in humans, female animals were more sensitive than males. Major mediators of nociception were up-regulated in the colon by aluminum. Activation of mast cells and PAR2 were required for aluminum-induced hypersensitivity. Conclusions These findings indicate that oral exposure to aluminum at human dietary level reproduces clinical and molecular features of IBS, highlighting a new pathway of prevention and treatment of visceral pain in some susceptible patients.
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Key Words
- AlCi, aluminum citrate
- CRD, colorectal distension
- IBS, irritable bowel syndrome
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- KO, knockout
- MGG, May-Grünwald Giemsa
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- Mast Cells
- PAR, proteinase-activated receptor
- PAR2
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Risk Factors
- Visceral Hypersensitivity
- WT, wild-type
- ZnCi, zinc citrate
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Esquerre
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Madjid Djouina
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM, Groupe d'Etudes sur le Remodelage Osseux et les bioMatériaux, IRIS-IBS, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France.
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
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50
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Sébert M, Denadai-Souza A, Quaranta M, Racaud-Sultan C, Chabot S, Lluel P, Monjotin N, Alric L, Portier G, Kirzin S, Bonnet D, Ferrand A, Vergnolle N. Thrombin modifies growth, proliferation and apoptosis of human colon organoids: a protease-activated receptor 1- and protease-activated receptor 4-dependent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3656-3668. [PMID: 29959891 PMCID: PMC6109216 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thrombin is massively released upon tissue damage associated with bleeding or chronic inflammation. The effects of this thrombin on tissue regrowth and repair has been scarcely addressed and only in cancer cell lines. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to determine thrombin's pharmacological effects on human intestinal epithelium growth, proliferation and apoptosis, using three-dimensional cultures of human colon organoids. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Crypts were isolated from human colonic resections and cultured for 6 days, forming human colon organoids. Cultured organoids were exposed to 10 and 50 mU·mL-1 of thrombin, in the presence or not of protease-activated receptor (PAR) antagonists. Organoid morphology, metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis were followed. KEY RESULTS Thrombin favoured organoid maturation leading to a decreased number of immature cystic structures and a concomitant increased number of larger structures releasing cell debris and apoptotic cells. The size of budding structures, metabolic activity and proliferation were significantly reduced in organoid cultures exposed to thrombin, while apoptosis was dramatically increased. Both PAR1 and PAR4 antagonists inhibited apoptosis regardless of thrombin doses. Thrombin-induced inhibition of proliferation and metabolic activity were reversed by PAR4 antagonist for thrombin's lowest dose and by PAR1 antagonist for thrombin's highest dose. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, our data suggest that the presence of thrombin in the vicinity of human colon epithelial cells favours their maturation at the expense of their regenerative capacities. Our data point to thrombin and its two receptors PAR1 and PAR4 as potential molecular targets for epithelial repair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Sébert
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Muriel Quaranta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Portier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sylvain Kirzin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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