1
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Almeida JFM, Proenca-Modena JL, Bufalo NE, Peres KC, de Souza Teixeira E, Teodoro L, Beck RM, Moraes AP, Tincani AJ, Arns CW, Ward LS. Epstein-Barr virus induces morphological and molecular changes in thyroid neoplastic cells. Endocrine 2020; 69:321-330. [PMID: 32166585 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the evolution of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is usually indolent, some tumors grow fast, metastasize, and may be fatal. Viruses have been associated with many human tumors, especially the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which shows a high viral load in DTC. In order to evaluate the ability of the virus to cause morphological and molecular changes in neoplastic thyroid cell lines TPC-1, BCPAP, and 8505C, a viral adaptation was performed for the analysis of EBV cytopathic effect (CPE), viral kinetics and gene expression analysis of oncogenes KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, and TP53. Comparison of inoculated cells with non-inoculated control cells showed that all tumor cell lines were permissive to the virus. The virus caused CPE in the TPC-1 and 8505C, but not in BCPAP cells. Viral kinetic was similar in both BCPAP and 8505C with a point of eclipse at 24 h post infection. TPC-1 cell line displayed a decreasing growth curve, with highest viral load right after inoculation, which decreased over time. There was hyperexpression of TP53 and NRAS in BCPAP cell (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0344, respectively). The 8505C cell line presented NRAS hyperexpression (p = 0.0255), but lower TP53 expression (p = 0.0274). We concluded that neoplastic thyroid cell lines are permissive to EBV that the virus presents different viral kinetic patterns in different cell lines and produces a CPE on both well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cell lines. We also demonstrated that EBV interferes in oncogene expression in thyroid neoplastic cell lines, suggesting that these effects could be related to different tumor progression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Fátima Martins Almeida
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Emerging virus Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natássia Elena Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Colombera Peres
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Souza Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Teodoro
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Marques Beck
- Animal Virology Laboratory-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Moraes
- Animal Virology Laboratory-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department-State University of Campinas, University Clinical Hospital (HC-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarice Weis Arns
- Animal Virology Laboratory-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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2
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Köhler F, Rodríguez-Paredes M. DNA Methylation in Epidermal Differentiation, Aging, and Cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:38-47. [PMID: 31427190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of the epidermis depend on epidermal stem cell differentiation and must be tightly regulated. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation allow the precise gene expression cascade needed during cellular differentiation. However, these mechanisms become deregulated during aging and tumorigenesis, where cellular function and identity become compromised. Here we provide a review of this rapidly developing field. We discuss recent discoveries related to epidermal homeostasis, aging, and cancer, including the functional role of DNA methyltransferases, the methylation clock, and the determination of tumor cells-of-origin. Finally, we focus on future advances, greatly influenced by single-cell sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Köhler
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Paredes
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Ben Ayed I, Tounsi H, Jaballah A, Ardhaoui M, Maaloul A, Lassili T, Mezghani N, Abdelhak S, Boubaker S. Mucosal human papillomavirus detection and TP53 immunohistochemical expression in non-melanoma skin cancer in Tunisian patients. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:591-598. [PMID: 30972814 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported the oncogenic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) carcinogenesis. Considering that HPV could affect tumor protein 53 (TP53) degradation via E6 oncoprotein, we evaluated the expression of TP53 according to HPV infection and E6 expression. METHODS Biopsy specimens from 79 NMSCs (28 squamous cell carcinomas, 21 keratoacanthomas and 30 basal cell carcinomas) were enrolled. Nested PCR was used to detect mucosal HPV (mHPV) DNA. Genotyping was performed by reverse line hybridization. Expression of TP53 and E6 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS mHPVs were detected in 34.2% (27/79) of NMSC, with 92.6% (25/27) of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types. HPV16-E6-positive expression was observed in all HPV16-positive samples. TP53 high expression was found in 51.4% (37/72) of specimens. In this group, 78.4% were HPV-negative (P = 0.014). TP53 expression was negative in 8/10 of HPV E6-positive specimens. Multivariate analysis showed that TP53 was associated with HPV infection independently of histopathologic type (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION This study showed a high prevalence of mHPV in NMSC. Active infections assessed by E6 expression are associated with loss of p53 function, highlighting the involvement of mHPV in NMSC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Ayed
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jaballah
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia Ardhaoui
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology and experimental pathology applied to infectious diseases, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afifa Maaloul
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thalja Lassili
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najla Mezghani
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Department of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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4
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Investigation of three oncogenic epitheliotropic viruses shows human papillomavirus in association with non-melanoma skin cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1129-1133. [PMID: 30788731 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) share similar risk factors with other virus-related cancers, despite the lack of proved causal association between viral infection and NMSC development. We investigated the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in 83 NMSC fresh-frozen and 16 non-cancerous skin biopsies and evaluated viral infection according to demographical data, histopathological diagnosis, and ultraviolet exposure. Our results showed that 75% of NMSC biopsies were positive for at least one out of three viruses, whereas only 38% of non-cancerous skin biopsies were positive (p = 0.02). Notably, HPV detection was frequent in NMSC (43%) and nearly absent (one sample, 6.7%) in non-cancerous biopsies (p = 0.007). MCPyV was associated with sites of higher exposure to ultraviolet radiation (p = 0.010), while EBV was associated with a compromised immune system (p = 0.032). Our study showed that HPV was strongly associated with NMSC while EBV and MCPyV with other risk factors. Though further studies are required to elucidate the role of viral infection in NMSC development and management, this study supports the possible role of oncogenic viruses in skin cancers, especially HPV.
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5
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Rodríguez-Paredes M, Bormann F, Raddatz G, Gutekunst J, Lucena-Porcel C, Köhler F, Wurzer E, Schmidt K, Gallinat S, Wenck H, Röwert-Huber J, Denisova E, Feuerbach L, Park J, Brors B, Herpel E, Nindl I, Hofmann TG, Winnefeld M, Lyko F. Methylation profiling identifies two subclasses of squamous cell carcinoma related to distinct cells of origin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:577. [PMID: 29422656 PMCID: PMC5805678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and usually progresses from a UV-induced precancerous lesion termed actinic keratosis (AK). Despite various efforts to characterize these lesions molecularly, the etiology of AK and its progression to cSCC remain partially understood. Here, we use Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips to interrogate the DNA methylation status in healthy, AK and cSCC epidermis samples. Importantly, we show that AK methylation patterns already display classical features of cancer methylomes and are highly similar to cSCC profiles. Further analysis identifies typical features of stem cell methylomes, such as reduced DNA methylation age, non-CpG methylation, and stem cell-related keratin and enhancer methylation patterns. Interestingly, this signature is detected only in half of the samples, while the other half shows patterns more closely related to healthy epidermis. These findings suggest the existence of two subclasses of AK and cSCC emerging from distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodríguez-Paredes
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bormann
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Raddatz
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Gutekunst
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlota Lucena-Porcel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Köhler
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Schmidt
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gallinat
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Wenck
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Röwert-Huber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité, University Hospital, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Denisova
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Feuerbach
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeongbin Park
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Nindl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité, University Hospital, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Winnefeld
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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HPV, KRAS mutations, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking effects on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 27:1-12. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.8737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an invasive neoplastic disease generally associated with poor survival rates. The incidence of ESCC is characterized by marked geographic variation, with highest rates noted in developing Southeastern African, Central and Eastern Asian countries. In the developed Western European and North American regions where there is a low disease incidence, heavy alcohol and cigarette consumption constitute major risk factors. The toxic effects of both these risk factors cause chronic irritation and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, while at the cellular level they further confer mutagenic effects by the activation of oncogenes (e.g., RAS mutations), inhibition of tumor-suppressor genes, and profound DNA damage. Viral infections, particularly with human papillomavirus, may activate specific antiapoptotic, proliferative and malignant cellular responses that may be intensified in combination with the effects of alcohol and tobacco. In countries with a high ESCC incidence, low socioeconomic status and an inadequate diet of poorly preserved food are combined with basic nutritional deficiencies and inadequate medical treatment. These conditions are favorable to the above-mentioned risk factors implicated in ESCC development, which may be present and/or habitually used in certain populations. New perspectives in epidemiological studies of ESCC development and its risk factors allow genome-wide research involving specific environments and habits. Such research should consist of adequately large and representative samples, should use newly designed informative genetic markers, and apply genomic variation analysis of the functional transcripts involved in malignant cell cycle regulation and neoplastic transformation in the multi-step process of ESCC carcinogenesis.
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7
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Chitsazzadeh V, Coarfa C, Drummond JA, Nguyen T, Joseph A, Chilukuri S, Charpiot E, Adelmann CH, Ching G, Nguyen TN, Nicholas C, Thomas VD, Migden M, MacFarlane D, Thompson E, Shen J, Takata Y, McNiece K, Polansky MA, Abbas HA, Rajapakshe K, Gower A, Spira A, Covington KR, Xiao W, Gunaratne P, Pickering C, Frederick M, Myers JN, Shen L, Yao H, Su X, Rapini RP, Wheeler DA, Hawk ET, Flores ER, Tsai KY. Cross-species identification of genomic drivers of squamous cell carcinoma development across preneoplastic intermediates. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12601. [PMID: 27574101 PMCID: PMC5013636 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) comprises 15-20% of all skin cancers, accounting for over 700,000 cases in USA annually. Most cuSCC arise in association with a distinct precancerous lesion, the actinic keratosis (AK). To identify potential targets for molecularly targeted chemoprevention, here we perform integrated cross-species genomic analysis of cuSCC development through the preneoplastic AK stage using matched human samples and a solar ultraviolet radiation-driven Hairless mouse model. We identify the major transcriptional drivers of this progression sequence, showing that the key genomic changes in cuSCC development occur in the normal skin to AK transition. Our data validate the use of this ultraviolet radiation-driven mouse cuSCC model for cross-species analysis and demonstrate that cuSCC bears deep molecular similarities to multiple carcinogen-driven SCCs from diverse sites, suggesting that cuSCC may serve as an effective, accessible model for multiple SCC types and that common treatment and prevention strategies may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Chitsazzadeh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A Drummond
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tri Nguyen
- Northwest Diagnostic Clinic, Houston, Texas 77090, USA
| | - Aaron Joseph
- Skin and Laser Surgery Associates, Pasadena, Texas 77505, USA
| | | | | | - Charles H Adelmann
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Grace Ching
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tran N Nguyen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Valencia D Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael Migden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Deborah MacFarlane
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Erika Thompson
- Sequencing and Microarray Facility, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Smithville, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yoko Takata
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Smithville, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kayla McNiece
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Maxim A Polansky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Adam Gower
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kyle R Covington
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Weimin Xiao
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Curtis Pickering
- Department of Head &Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mitchell Frederick
- Department of Head &Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head &Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald P Rapini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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8
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Balakirski G, Dueckers G, Niehues T, Megahed M. A non-healing lesion in a 14-year old boy with primary immunodeficiency: a rare case of actinic keratosis affecting a child. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:1408-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Balakirski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Universitiy Hospital of Aachen; Pauwelsstr. 30 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - G. Dueckers
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; Helios-Clinic; Krefeld Germany
| | - T. Niehues
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; Helios-Clinic; Krefeld Germany
| | - M. Megahed
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Universitiy Hospital of Aachen; Pauwelsstr. 30 52074 Aachen Germany
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9
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10
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Bottomley MJ, Harden PN, Wood KJ. CD8+ Immunosenescence Predicts Post-Transplant Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1505-15. [PMID: 26563386 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most morbidity associated with malignancy in long-term renal transplant recipients is due to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Previously identified measures to stratify SCC risk have limited use, however. We hypothesized that an increased proportion of senescent, terminally differentiated CD8(+) T cells would identify renal transplant recipients at elevated SCC risk. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from 117 stable transplant recipients at high risk of SCC and analyzed phenotypically by flow cytometry. Participants were followed up prospectively for SCC development. The predictive value of variables was assessed using Cox regression. Age at transplant and enrollment, dialysis duration, and previous disease were predictive of SCC development during follow-up. Previously published clinical phenotype-based risk scores lost predictive value with the removal of age as a covariate. The percentage of CD57-expressing CD8(+) T cells was the strongest immunologic predictor of future SCC and correlated with increasing CD8(+) T cell differentiation. We dichotomized participants into those with a majority (CD57hi) and a minority (CD57lo) of CD8(+) T cells expressing CD57; CD57hi participants were more likely to develop SCC during follow-up (hazard ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 8.0), independent of potential confounders, and tended to develop earlier recurrence. The CD57hi phenotype was stable with time and associated with increasing age and cytomegalovirus seropositivity. Our results show that the CD57hi phenotype is a strong predictor of SCC development and recurrence in this cohort of long-term, high-risk renal transplant recipients. This information may allow identification of recipients who may benefit from intensive dermatologic screening and immunosuppression reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bottomley
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Oxford Kidney Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N Harden
- Oxford Kidney Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Wood
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
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11
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Saravani S, Kadeh H, Miri-Moghaddam E, Zekri A, Sanadgol N, Gholami A. Human Cytomegalovirus in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Southeast of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e21838. [PMID: 26464768 PMCID: PMC4600257 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process and the role of infectious agents in this progression has not been fully identified. Since human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is frequently presented in the gingival sulcus fluid, we hypothesized that this virus would be important in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of active HCMV in different histopathological grades of OSCC in southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Forty eight individual specimens were evaluated in this study. Serial sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue samples of OSCC biopsies. The frequency of HCMV was investigated using the real-time polymerase change reaction method after DNA extraction from biopsies. Results: The mean age of the patients (66.7% female and 33.3% male) was 58.6 years. Only three cases (6.3%) of the grade I, OSCC biopsies, were positive for active HCMV with average load of 57.7 × 103. Conclusions: According to the low prevalence of HCMV in OSCC, it seems that this virus plays a minor role in this kind of cancer at least in southeast of Iran. More comprehensive studies are needed to investigate the oncomodulatory effect of this virus on OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Saravani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Hamideh Kadeh
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam, Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-5433218998, E-mail:
| | - Ali Zekri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Zabol University, Zabol, IR Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Aliye Gholami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, IR Iran
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12
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Nahidi Y, Meibodi NT, Meshkat Z, Esmaili H, Jahanfakhr S. No Evidence of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Basal Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:356-9. [PMID: 26288402 PMCID: PMC4533532 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.160479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer among whites, and several risk factors have been discussed in itsdevelopment and progress. Detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) BCCs in some studies suggests that the virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Several molecular studies showed conflicting reports. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between HPV and BCC using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: HPV DNA detection was done for 42 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of BCC and 42 normal skin samples around the lesions by PCR using GP5+/GP6+ primers. Results: HPV DNA was not found in any of the 42 samples of BCC, and only one normal skin sample around the lesions was positive for HPV DNA by PCR. Conclusion: In this study, no statistically significant difference was seen between the presence of HPV DNA in BCC and normal skin around the lesion, and HPV is not likely to have an important role in pathogenesis of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Nahidi
- Department of Dermatology, Emam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Tayyebi Meibodi
- Department of Pathology, Emam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Department of Virology, Research Center for Microbiology and Virology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaili
- Department of Faculty of Health, Emam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Jahanfakhr
- Department of Pathology, Emam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Cohen DN, Lawson SK, Shaver AC, Du L, Nguyen HP, He Q, Johnson DB, Lumbang WA, Moody BR, Prescott JL, Chandra PK, Boyd AS, Zwerner JP, Robbins JB, Tyring SK, Rady PL, Chappell JD, Shyr Y, Infante JR, Sosman JA. Contribution of Beta-HPV Infection and UV Damage to Rapid-Onset Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma during BRAF-Inhibition Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2624-34. [PMID: 25724524 PMCID: PMC4452444 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRAF-inhibition (BRAFi) therapy for advanced melanoma carries a high rate of secondary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and risk of other cancers. UV radiation and α-genus human papillomavirus (HPV) are highly associated with SCC, but a novel role for β-genus HPV is suspected in BRAFi-cSCC. Cutaneous β-HPV may act in concert with host and environmental factors in BRAFi-cSCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Primary BRAFi-cSCC tissue DNA isolated from patients receiving vemurafenib or dabrafenib from two cancer centers was analyzed for the presence of cutaneous oncogenic viruses and host genetic mutations. Diagnostic specimens underwent consensus dermatopathology review. Clinical parameters for UV exposure and disease course were statistically analyzed in conjunction with histopathology. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients contributed 69 BRAFi-cSCC lesions. BRAFi-cSCC had wart-like features (BRAFi-cSCC-WF) in 22% of specimens. During vemurafenib therapy, BRAFi-cSCC-WF arose 11.6 weeks more rapidly than conventional cSCC when controlled for gender and UV exposure (P value = 0.03). Among all BRAFi-cSCC, β-genus HPV-17, HPV-38, HPV-111 were most frequently isolated, and novel β-HPV genotypes were discovered (CTR, CRT-11, CRT-22). Sequencing revealed 63% of evaluated BRAFi-cSCCs harbored RAS mutations with PIK3CA, CKIT, ALK, and EGFR mutations also detected. CONCLUSIONS We examined clinical, histopathologic, viral, and genetic parameters in BRAFi-cSCC demonstrating rapid onset; wart-like histomorphology; β-HPV-17, HPV-38, and HPV-111 infection; UV damage; and novel ALK and CKIT mutations. Discovered β-HPV genotypes expand the spectrum of tumor-associated viruses. These findings enhance our understanding of factors cooperating with BRAF inhibition that accelerate keratinocyte oncogenesis as well as broaden the knowledge base of multifactorial mediators of cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Cohen
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Steven K Lawson
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aaron C Shaver
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Qin He
- University of Texas, Department of Dermatology, Houston, Texas
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wilfred A Lumbang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Alan S Boyd
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Pathology Consultants of America, Columbia, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey P Zwerner
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason B Robbins
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Pathology Associates of St. Thomas, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Peter L Rady
- University of Texas, Department of Dermatology, Houston, Texas
| | - James D Chappell
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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14
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Roh MR, Kim JH, Lee SH, Oh SJ, Park KH, Chung KY, Rha SY. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and RAS mutation in sporadic keratoacanthoma. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e453-7. [PMID: 26016383 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAS gene activation and its association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been extensively studied in various cancers. However, the correlation between RAS mutations and HPV in keratoacanthoma (KA) has not yet been investigated. METHODS Detection of HPV DNA was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction in 28 KA specimens. Molecular analysis was also performed to identify oncogenic mutations (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in eight (28.6%) of the 28 samples, and RAS mutations were detected in eight (28.6%). Six samples had an HRAS mutation, and two showed the NRAS mutation. The presence of an RAS mutation was significantly correlated with a history of chronic sun damage (P = 0.005). However, no significant correlation was observed between HPV infection and RAS mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that mutational activation of the RAS gene is a common event in KA. However, RAS oncogene activation and HPV infection seem to represent two independent factors in the development of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ryung Roh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck carcinoma is quite heterogeneous and most of the tumors arise in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. HPV was just recently recognized as an emerging risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). HPV(+) tumors represent 5-20% of all head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and 40-90% of those arising from the oropharynx, with widely variable rates depending on the geographic area, population, relative prevalence of environment-related SCC and detection assay. Different carcinogenic mechanisms are most likely implicated in cervical and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis. The most certain carcinogenic genotype for the head and neck region and the most common high-risk HPV genotype, HPV-16, is frequently detected in OSCC. A combination of p16INK4A expression and molecular detection of HPV DNA is the gold standard for the viral identification in tissue and exfoliated cell samples. Differences in the biology of HPV(+) and HPV(-) OSCC may have implications for the management of patients. New immunotherapy drugs based on the release of the co-inhibitory receptors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed-death 1 (PD-1) have currently emerged. The goal of therapeutic cancer vaccination is inculcation of a persistent, tumor antigen-specific T cell response which kills tumor cells. The efficacy of the current HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, in preventing HPV-related HNSCC is at present unknown. Treatment de-escalation is recommended as the current management of HPV-induced HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Zaravinos
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14145 Huddinge, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
Mainly elderly people with pale skin are affected by actinic keratoses (AK). Due to the demographic change, the prevalence of AK increased over the last years. An established risk factor is chronic UV-exposure (outdoor workers) inducing mutations of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and the oncogene H-Ras. This leads to an intraepidermal proliferation of atypical keratinocytes. The term “field cancerization” characterises the presentation of multiple AK in UV-exposed areas. AK are also termed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ. The risk for AK turning into a SCC is 6-10%. In order to avoid invasive growth, an early treatment is recommended. During the last years multiple therapeutic options have been established. Depending on the clinical extent, lesion- or field-directed therapies with excellent clinical response and cosmetic results are available.
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17
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Strunk T., Braathen LR, Szeimies RM. Actinic keratoses - a systemic review. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2014. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-5-42-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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18
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Wang J, Aldabagh B, Yu J, Arron ST. Role of human papillomavirus in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:621-629. [PMID: 24629358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) is not well defined, with past studies showing conflicting results. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if there is a significant association between HPV and cuSCC and whether cuSCC from immunosuppressed patients are more likely to carry HPV than cuSCC from immunocompetent patients. METHODS We performed a systematic review and abstracted data from articles that included: skin samples by biopsy, HPV detection by polymerase chain reaction, and a minimum of 10 cases and 10 controls. Pooled effect size and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects meta-analysis using the inverse variance method. RESULTS cuSCC were more likely to carry HPV than normal-appearing skin (pooled effect size [ES] 3.43, 95% confidence interval 1.97-5.98, P < .0001) in all patients. An increase in HPV prevalence was found in tumors from immunosuppressed patients compared with immunocompetent patients (pooled ES 3.01, 95% confidence interval 2.00-4.52, P < .0001). LIMITATIONS The greatest limitation is the heterogeneity of the studies included. The association of higher HPV prevalence in squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal-appearing skin does not imply causality. CONCLUSION These results contribute to evidence that HPV is associated with cuSCC. Higher HPV burden in tumors from immunosuppressed patients compared with immunocompetent patients may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wang
- Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Bishr Aldabagh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, St Louis University, St Louis, Missouri
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19
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20
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Bruegger C, Kempf W, Spoerri I, Arnold AW, Itin PH, Burger B. MicroRNA expression differs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and healthy skin of immunocompetent individuals. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:426-8. [PMID: 23711067 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers, but the influence of microRNA (miRNA) expression has only been sporadically analysed. We hypothesized that miRNAs are differentially expressed in cSCC and hence influence its development. We therefore isolated total miRNA from well-differentiated cSCCs and from controls without SCC. Expression analyses of 12 miRNAs showed three significantly differentially expressed miRNAs. We identified a significant upregulation of the miR-21 and the miR-31, a proto-oncogene like miR-21. While the upregulated expression of miR-21 has been known for some time, the increased expression of miR-31 was never shown so clearly. Furthermore, we showed the upregulation of miRNA-205, which has never been described before. The miR-205 induces specific keratinocyte migration and could be a characteristic marker for cSCC. It has to be determined in following studies whether these upregulated expressions are specific for cSCC and if so, for which cSCC stages.
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21
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α-HPV positivity analysis in a group of patients with melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers / Analiza pozitivităţii α-HPV la un grup de pacienţi cu tumori cutanate melanocitare şi non-melanocitare. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2014-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground. Medical research has shown a continuous increase in the incidence of skin cancers, especially among young individuals. One of the ethiopathogenic factors that cause skin carcinogenesis could be the infection with some genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods. In our study, we have analyzed alpha (α) - HPV positivity and HPV genotypes identified in melanocytic (MSC) and nonmelanocytic skin cancers (NMSC). The results were then compared with results obtained from the control group. The study included 40 cases of MSC and NMSC found in the data base of our hospital, and 40 healthy patients. In all of the cases, we identified the HPV DNA by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the viral genotypes by using α -HPV primers by Linear Array Roche kit. Results. The average α-HPV positivity in tumors was 32.50%, higher than in other studies published to date. The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lot had the highest α-HPV positivity (40%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (35%) and malignant melanoma (MM) (20%). The comparative analysis between skin cancer-HPV positive (32.50%) and the control group-HPV positive (15%) revealed a positivity of HPV in the tumors group (32.50%) that was higher by a ratio of 2.16. By viral genotyping, we identified high-risk HPV only in BCC and MM (in all α-HPV samples), but not in SCC samples. Conclusions. In our study, α-HPV in NMSC and MSC was positive in 32.50% of the cases; in 46.15% of these, it was possible to identify HPV genotypes. The high-risk HPV genotypes observed in these patients were HPV 16, 35, 58 and 59.
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22
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Capovilla M. [Cellular and molecular mechanisms of carcinogenic side effects and resistance to BRAF inhibitors in metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600 mutation: state of the knowledge]. Ann Pathol 2013; 33:375-85. [PMID: 24331719 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a malignant tumor with a high metastatic potential. If an early treatment is associated with a favorable outcome, the prognosis of metastatic melanoma remains poor. Advances in molecular characterization of cancers, notably the discovery of BRAF gene mutations in metastatic melanoma, allowed to the recent development of targeted therapies against mutated BRAF protein. Despite high tumor response rates observed in clinical trials, these new drugs are associated with frequent secondary tumor resistance occurrence and paradoxical carcinogenic side effects. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these carcinogenic side effects and secondary resistance are not yet fully elucidated and are actually intensely studied. This review of the literature focus on the mechanisms of these carcinogenic side effects and on the tumor resistance associated with anti-BRAF targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Indoles/adverse effects
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/therapeutic use
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Keratoacanthoma/chemically induced
- Leukemia/chemically induced
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Melanoma/chemically induced
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/secondary
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Nevus, Pigmented/enzymology
- Nevus, Pigmented/pathology
- Point Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/physiology
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Sulfonamides/adverse effects
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Vemurafenib
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Capovilla
- Service de pathologie, centre François-Baclesse, 3, avenue Général-Harris, BP 5026, 14076 Caen cedex 05, France.
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23
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Tsai KY, Nowroozi S, Kim KB. Drug safety evaluation of vemurafenib in the treatment of melanoma. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013; 12:767-75. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2013.813017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Skin manifestations are common in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can be associated with the disease itself, with nutritional deficiencies, or with therapy. All drugs currently used for treating IBD have the potential to cause dermatologic manifestations that can have a wide range of clinical presentations, from mild drug eruptions to potentially life-threatening immune-mediated reactions. The wider use of thiopurines and anti-tumor necrosis factor in the past years has led to the recognition of 2 more skin complications of IBD therapy: the potentially disfiguring non-melanoma skin cancer associated with the current or past use of thiopurines and the paradoxical new onset or exacerbation of anti-tumor necrosis factor-associated psoriasis. Despite being rare, these complications can be severe and lead to therapy discontinuation, and therefore, gastroenterologists need to become familiar with their epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Herein, we reviewed the skin side effects of IBD therapy, specially focusing in thiopurines and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and in the recently described skin cancer and psoriasis, and we tried to advance some practical algorithms that can provide some help to the clinicians dealing with these complications in their day-by-day practice.
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25
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Schmitt JV, Miot HA. Actinic keratosis: a clinical and epidemiological revision. An Bras Dermatol 2013; 87:425-34. [PMID: 22714759 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962012000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratoses are benign intraepithelial skin neoplasms constituted by atypical proliferation of keratinocytes that may evolve to squamous cell carcinoma. They develop in photoexposed skin areas; they are induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation and are considered cutaneous markers of chronic exposure to sunlight. They develop mainly in adults and older, fair skinned individuals, and are the fourth most common cause of dermatologic consultation in Brazil. Damage to the apoptosis pathway in photoexposed epithelium favors cellular proliferation and the permanence of the lesions. In this revision, the authors assemble the main epidemiological data regarding this disease and suggest that strategies to identify risky phenotypes, early diagnosis, adequate treatment, clinical follow-up, stimulus to skin self examination, photoeducation and photoprotection should be promoted with the aim of avoiding the progression to malignancy and also the prevention and the diagnose of concomitant neoplasms also induced by ultraviolet radiation.
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26
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A transposon-based analysis of gene mutations related to skin cancer development. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:239-48. [PMID: 22832494 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is by far the most frequent type of cancer in humans. NMSC includes several types of malignancies with different clinical outcomes, the most frequent being basal and squamous cell carcinomas. We have used the Sleeping Beauty transposon/transposase system to identify somatic mutations associated with NMSC. Transgenic mice bearing multiple copies of a mutagenic Sleeping Beauty transposon T2Onc2 and expressing the SB11 transposase under the transcriptional control of regulatory elements from the keratin K5 promoter were treated with TPA, either in wild-type or Ha-ras mutated backgrounds. After several weeks of treatment, mice with transposition developed more malignant tumors with decreased latency compared with control mice. Transposon/transposase animals also developed basal cell carcinomas. Genetic analysis of the transposon integration sites in the tumors identified several genes recurrently mutated in different tumor samples, which may represent novel candidate cancer genes. We observed alterations in the expression levels of some of these genes in human tumors. Our results show that inactivating mutations in Notch1 and Nsd1, among others, may have an important role in skin carcinogenesis.
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27
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Modern Trends into the Epidemiology and Screening of Ovarian Cancer. Genetic Substrate of the Sporadic Form. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:135-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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28
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Paolini F, Carbone A, Benevolo M, Silipo V, Rollo F, Covello R, Piemonte P, Frascione P, Capizzi R, Catricalà C, Venuti A. Human Papillomaviruses, p16INK4a and Akt expression in basal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2011; 30:108. [PMID: 22082146 PMCID: PMC3271997 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenic role of beta-HPVs in non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), is not still completely understood, and literature data indicate that they might be at least cofactors in the development of certain cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. However, only few reports contain data on basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The HPVs interact with many cellular proteins altering their function or the expression levels, like the p16INK4a and Akt. Our study aimed to determine the presence of different beta -HPV types and the expression of p16INK4a and Akt in BCC, the commonest NMSC, in the normal appearing perilesional skin and in forehead swab of 37 immunocompetent patients. Methods The expression of p16INK4a and Akt, by immunohistochemistry, and the HPV DNA, by nested PCR, were investigated in each sample. Results No correspondence of HPV types between BCC and swab samples was found, whereas a correspondence between perilesional skin and BCC was ascertained in the 16,7% of the patients. In BCC, 16 different types of beta HPV were found and the most frequent types were HPV107 (15,4%), HPV100 (11,5%) and HPV15 (11,5%) all belonging to the beta HPV species 2. Immunohistochemistry detected significant p16INK4a expression in almost all tumor samples (94,3%) with the highest percentages (> 30%) of positive cells detected in 8 cases. A statistically significant (p = 0,012) increase of beta HPV presence was detected in p16INK4a strongly positive samples, in particular of species 2. pAkt expression was detected in all tumor samples with only 2 cases showing rare positive cells, whereas Akt2 expression was found in 14 out of 35 BCC (40%); in particular in HPV positive samples over-expressing p16INK4a. Conclusions Our data show that p16INK4a and pAkt are over-expressed in BCC and that the high expression of p16INK4a and of Akt2 isoform is often associated with the presence of beta-HPV species 2 (i.e. HPV 15). The association of these viruses with the up-regulation of p16INK4a and Akt/PI3K pathway suggests that in a subtype of BCC these viruses may exert a role in the carcinogenesis or in other, still undefined, biological property of these tumors. If this particular type of BCC reflects a different biology it will remain undisclosed until further studies on a larger number of samples will be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paolini
- Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Oberholzer PA, Kee D, Dziunycz P, Sucker A, Kamsukom N, Jones R, Roden C, Chalk CJ, Ardlie K, Palescandolo E, Piris A, MacConaill LE, Robert C, Hofbauer GFL, McArthur GA, Schadendorf D, Garraway LA. RAS mutations are associated with the development of cutaneous squamous cell tumors in patients treated with RAF inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2011; 30:316-21. [PMID: 22067401 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.36.7680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE RAF inhibitors are effective against melanomas with BRAF V600E mutations but may induce keratoacanthomas (KAs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs). The potential of these agents to promote secondary malignancies is concerning. We analyzed cSCC and KA lesions for genetic mutations in an attempt to identify an underlying mechanism for their formation. METHODS Four international centers contributed 237 KA or cSCC tumor samples from patients receiving an RAF inhibitor (either vemurafenib or sorafenib; n = 19) or immunosuppression therapy (n = 53) or tumors that developed spontaneously (n = 165). Each sample was profiled for 396 known somatic mutations across 33 cancer-related genes by using a mass spectrometric-based genotyping platform. RESULTS Mutations were detected in 16% of tumors (38 of 237), with five tumors harboring two mutations. Mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, HRAS, KRAS, and PIK3CA were previously described in squamous cell tumors. Mutations in MYC, FGFR3, and VHL were identified for the first time. A higher frequency of activating RAS mutations was found in tumors from patients treated with an RAF inhibitor versus populations treated with a non-RAF inhibitor (21.1% v 3.2%; P < .01), although overall mutation rates between treatment groups were similar (RAF inhibitor, 21.1%; immunosuppression, 18.9%; and spontaneous, 17.6%; P = not significant). Tumor histology (KA v cSCC), tumor site (head and neck v other), patient age (≤ 70 v > 70 years), and sex had no significant impact on mutation rate or type. CONCLUSION Squamous cell tumors from patients treated with an RAF inhibitor have a distinct mutational profile that supports a mechanism of therapy-induced tumorigenesis in RAS-primed cells. Conceivably, cotargeting of MEK together with RAF may reduce or prevent formation of these tumors.
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Maubec E, Petrow P, Scheer-Senyarich I, Duvillard P, Lacroix L, Gelly J, Certain A, Duval X, Crickx B, Buffard V, Basset-Seguin N, Saez P, Duval-Modeste AB, Adamski H, Mansard S, Grange F, Dompmartin A, Faivre S, Mentré F, Avril MF. Phase II study of cetuximab as first-line single-drug therapy in patients with unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:3419-26. [PMID: 21810686 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.34.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as a first-line monotherapy in patients with unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCCS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients received cetuximab (initial dose of 400 mg/m(2) followed by subsequent weekly doses of 250 mg/m(2)) for at least 6 weeks with a 48-week follow-up. The primary end point was the disease control rate (DCR) at 6 weeks (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] criteria). Secondary end points included best response rate, overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity assessment. Association of treatment efficacy with RAS mutations or FcγR genotypes was investigated. RESULTS Median age of the study population was 79 years. DCR at 6 weeks was obtained in 25 of 36 patients (69%; 95% CI, 52% to 84%) of the intention-to-treat population. The best responses were eight partial responses and two complete responses. There were no cetuximab-related deaths. There were three related serious adverse events: two grade 4 infusion reactions and one grade 3 interstitial pneumopathy. Grade 1 to 2 acne-like rash occurred in 78% of patients and was associated with prolonged PFS. One HRAS mutation was identified. Combined FcγRIIa-131H/H and/or FcγRIIIa-158V/V polymorphisms were not associated with the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION As a first-line treatment in patients with unresectable SCCS, cetuximab achieved 69% DCR. A randomized phase III trial is warranted to confirm that cetuximab may be considered as a therapeutic option especially in elderly patients. The low frequency of RAS mutations in SCCS makes SCCS tumors attractive for EGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Maubec
- Hôpital Bichat, Service de Dermatologie, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, cedex 75877, France.
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Mauerer A, Herschberger E, Dietmaier W, Landthaler M, Hafner C. Low incidence of EGFR and HRAS mutations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of a German cohort. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:848-50. [PMID: 21771097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The response of patients with lung cancer to EGFR inhibitors is significantly associated with the presence of EGFR mutations. Although these drugs have already been used for the treatment of advanced cutaneous SCC, the knowledge about EGFR mutations in this cancer is limited to one previous study in the US population. We analysed the presence of EGFR and concomitant HRAS mutations in a German cohort of 31 patients with cutaneous SCC by direct sequencing of EGFR and SNaPshot analysis of concomitant RAS mutations. We found a low prevalence of EGFR mutations (1/31; 3%) and HRAS mutations (1/31; 3%). The detected P741L EGFR mutation was proven to be somatic. Our results indicate that both EGFR and HRAS mutations are rare events in the carcinogenesis of cutaneous SCC, and therefore, only a small subgroup of patients will benefit from the screening for EGFR mutations in the run-up to targeted therapies with EGFR inhibitors.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 19:138-41. [PMID: 21637039 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e328345326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in lungs of adults and has been proposed to play a role in lung carcinogenesis. However, no data are currently available on the incidence of HPV in the lower respiratory tract of children. PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained from asymptomatic immunocompetent children. METHODS A total of 71 children between 2 and 12 years of age were prospectively enrolled. Detection of HPV DNA and HPV typing were performed using polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. RESULTS Of the 71 BAL samples, HPV DNA was detected in 6 children. Coinfection with HPV 16, 18, and 31 was detected in 2 children, while 4 children were positive for non-"high-risk" HPVs. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary case-control study indicates the presence of HPV DNA in BAL samples in children. The possible presence of HPV in the lower respiratory tract of children requires further investigation to elucidate the actual epidemiologic condition, the potential modes of its transmission, and its possible causative relationship in lung carcinogenesis in adulthood.
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Zaravinos A, Lambrou GI, Volanis D, Delakas D, Spandidos DA. Spotlight on differentially expressed genes in urinary bladder cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18255. [PMID: 21483670 PMCID: PMC3071699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously identified common differentially expressed (DE) genes in bladder cancer (BC). In the present study we analyzed in depth, the expression of several groups of these DE genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from 30 human BCs and their adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by whole genome cDNA microarrays, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Our attention was focused on cell-cycle control and DNA damage repair genes, genes related to apoptosis, signal transduction, angiogenesis, as well as cellular proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Four publicly available GEO Datasets were further analyzed, and the expression data of the genes of interest (GOIs) were compared to those of the present study. The relationship among the GOI was also investigated. GO and KEGG molecular pathway analysis was performed to identify possible enrichment of genes with specific biological themes. RESULTS Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA microarray data revealed a clear distinction in BC vs. control samples and low vs. high grade tumors. Genes with at least 2-fold differential expression in BC vs. controls, as well as in non-muscle invasive vs. muscle invasive tumors and in low vs. high grade tumors, were identified and ranked. Specific attention was paid to the changes in osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) expression, due to its multiple biological functions. Similarly, genes exhibiting equal or low expression in BC vs. the controls were scored. Significant pair-wise correlations in gene expression were scored. GO analysis revealed the multi-facet character of the GOIs, since they participate in a variety of mechanisms, including cell proliferation, cell death, metabolism, cell shape, and cytoskeletal re-organization. KEGG analysis revealed that the most significant pathway was that of Bladder Cancer (p = 1.5×10(-31)). CONCLUSIONS The present work adds to the current knowledge on molecular signature identification of BC. Such works should progress in order to gain more insight into disease molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Zaravinos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George I. Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Choremeio Research Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Volanis
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Urology, Asklipieio General Hospital, Voula, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Delakas
- Department of Urology, Asklipieio General Hospital, Voula, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Multifocal aggressive squamous cell carcinomas induced by prolonged voriconazole therapy: a case report. Case Rep Med 2010; 2010:351084. [PMID: 21209800 PMCID: PMC3014742 DOI: 10.1155/2010/351084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole is a treatment for severe fungal infections. Prolonged voriconazole therapy may induce skin reactions, with 1% of severe photosensitivity accidents. Recently the imputability of voriconazole in skin carcinogenesis has been suggested. This report concerns a 55-year-old man suffering from pulmonary aspergillosis who presented a phototoxic reaction a few months after introduction of voriconazole, followed by multiple squamous cell carcinomas of sun-exposed skin areas. After voriconazole discontinuation, no new carcinoma was observed. The detection of EBV and HPV in skin lesions was negative. Exploration of gene mutations involved in skin carcinogenesis showed two variants of the MICR gene. The occurrence of multiple, recurrent, aggressive squamous cell carcinomas is rare with voriconazole, but its imputability is strongly suggested. A plausible hypothesis is that several factors including voriconazole uptake, immunosuppression, and genetic background could explain the phenotype of fast-developing skin carcinomas. Voriconazole therapy should be accompanied by stringent photoprotection and skin monitoring.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2010; 4:293-304. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e328340e983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Research Snippets. J Invest Dermatol 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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