1
|
Mirmiran P, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Kazemi-Aliakbar M, Zahedi AS, Koochakpoor G, Daneshpour MS, Azizi F. The association between parental cardiovascular health status and the risk of obesity in their offspring: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2055-2064. [PMID: 38866611 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the association of parental cardiovascular risk factors with the risk of obesity in offspring. We aimed to investigate whether parental ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) status was associated with the risk of general and central obesity in their young/adult offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Of individuals who participated in the 2012-15 phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2395 pairs of parent-unmarried offspring aged ≥6 years were selected in this cross-sectional study. General and central obesity were defined based on Iranian BMI percentile reference data for offspring aged ≤18 years. For subjects aged ≥19 years, central obesity was defined based on the introduced cut-off points for Iranian adults. We employed the American Heart Association's 2020 impact goal criteria of ICVH. The mean ± SD age of fathers and mothers were respectively 55.4 ± 9.79 and 48.4 ± 9.88. About 55% of offspring were older than 19 years. Higher adherence to ICVH score in mothers was associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity in female offspring (OR for Q1-Q4: 1, 0.56, 0.57, 0.37, P < 0.05 for all quartiles). Among ICVH components, only ideal BMI status in fathers was observed to be associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity in their male offspring. The risk of abdominal obesity decreased in female offspring with increasing total ICVH score in mothers. CONCLUSION Higher adherence of parents to ICVH and its components was positively associated with a lower risk of general and abdominal obesity in their offspring. Our findings demonstrate that maternal-offspring relationship was stronger than paternal-offspring association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Kazemi-Aliakbar
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh-Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khadem A, Nadery M, Noori S, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Djazayery A, Movahedi A. The relationship between food habits and physical activity and the IQ of primary school children. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:29. [PMID: 38378710 PMCID: PMC10877903 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's intelligence quotient (IQ) is influenced by various environmental and genetic variables. The current study aimed to determine how children's dietary choices and physical activity levels correlated with their IQ. METHODS A total of 190 students (111 girls and 79 boys) between the ages of 8 and 10 were chosen randomly for this cross-sectional research. For all children, questionnaires were utilized to gather information on their anthropometry, socio-economic position, food habits, and 24-h memory. Children's physical activity questionnaire (CPAQ) was also used to gauge their level of physical activity. Raven's color progressive intelligence test was also used to gauge children's IQ. All the questions may be filled out online with the assistance of parents. SPSS software was used to gather and evaluate the generated data. RESULTS Of 190 respondents, 79 (41.6%) are males, and 111 (58.4%) are girls. The results of the study showed that, a positive correlation between children's IQ and physical activity (P = 0.017, r = 0.17), if this relationship was not seen by gender. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the IQ and food habits scores in all children (P = 0.001, r = 0.24), as well as by gender, that is, male (P = 0.04, r = 0.23) and female (P = 0.006, r = 0.26), which indicates that children with better food habits were associated with higher IQ. CONCLUSION It was shown that elementary school children's IQ, food habits, and degree of physical activity are all positively correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nadery
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariyo Movahedi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jalali-Farahani S, Amiri P, Zarani F, Zayeri F, Azizi F. Development and validation of the body image scale for youth (BISY). J Eat Disord 2022; 10:136. [PMID: 36068589 PMCID: PMC9450403 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dissatisfaction has been known as an important public health concern that can influence the physical and psycho-social health of adolescents. Hence, health professionals need a valid and reliable tool to assess this problem and its related factors in youth. This study aims to develop and assess the psychometric properties of an indigenous scale for the evaluation of body image and to investigate its association with body weight status among Iranian adolescents. METHODS This study was conducted on 857 adolescents who completed the body image scale for Youth (BISY) and self-reported their body weight and height. Face, content, and construct validity methods were used to assess the validity of the BISY. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess construct validity. Moreover, the internal consistency of the scale was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α), and test-retest reliability was examined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). To compare the BISY scores across sex and body weight status groups, the Independent samples t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Welch tests were used, respectively. RESULTS Mean age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 16.5 ± 1.1 years and 22.4 ± 4.5 kg/m2, respectively. The EFA showed a 10-factor construct which explained 57% of the variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for overall items of the scale was 0.896 and ranged from 0.42 to 0.92 for subscales. The test-retest reliability result was acceptable for the BISY (ICC = 0.805). The ICC values ranged from 0.753 to 0.990 for BISY subscales. The BISY total score was significantly higher in girls compared to boys (34.8 ± 12.7 vs. 31.3 ± 10.2; p < 0.001). In girls, the BISY total score was significantly lower in normal-weight girls compared to their overweight (p = 0.009), and obese (p = 0.012) counterparts. This difference was not observed in boys. CONCLUSION These findings support the reliability and validity of the BISY for the assessment of body image in Iranian adolescents; this scale can be applied as an appropriate tool for the assessment of body image in adolescents in related future studies. Current findings highlight considering body image as an important aspect of intervention programs targeting overweight and obesity in adolescents, specifically girls. Negative body image has been known as an important public health concern that can adversely influence different aspects of adolescents' health. Hence, a valid and reliable tool is necessary to identify adolescents at risk of developing negative body image and its related disorders. There is a lack of an indigenous scale that can comprehensively assess body image and its related factors in Iranian adolescents; hence, the current study aimed to develop and assess the psychometric properties of an indigenous scale for evaluation of body image and further investigate the association between body image and body weight status among Iranian adolescents. The current findings support the reliability and validity of the BISY. In addition, more negative body images were observed in girls compared to boys and in overweight/obese girls compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Therefore, promoting a healthy body image should be incorporated as an important component of future health promotion programs to address obesity, eating disorders, and other health-related concerns among adolescents, specifically girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farid Zayeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosseinpanah F, Seyedhoseinpour A, Barzin M, Mahdavi M, Tasdighi E, Dehghan P, Momeni Moghaddam A, Azizi F, Valizadeh M. Comparison analysis of childhood body mass index cut-offs in predicting adulthood carotid intima media thickness: Tehran lipid and glucose study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:494. [PMID: 34742260 PMCID: PMC8571836 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescences have been increased, which can consequently increase the prevalence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases later in life. The objective of this study is to compare the ability of different childhood body mass index cut-offs in prediction of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods Participants were categorized into normal weight, overweight and obesity group, based on world health organization (WHO), center for disease control and prevention (CDC), international obesity task force (IOTF) and local IOTF cut-offs. After 18 years of follow up CIMT was measured. Akaike’s information criterion and relative efficiency were measured in order to compare regression models on the role of obesity on CIMT. Results In this prospective cohort study, 1295 subjects aged 3 to 18 years old were enrolled. The overall prevalence of overweight was 15.4, 11.5, 16.3 and 14.1 along with obesity prevalence of 6.6, 8.5, 7.7 and 5.0% based on WHO, CDC, local IOTF and international IOTF criteria, respectively. CIMT was higher in obese compare to normal groups across all classification criteria. After regression analysis, international IOTF was the best to predict adulthood CIMT, followed by local IOTF and WHO. CDC had the least discriminatory ability. Conclusion Due to the results of this study, IOTF could be a better tool in national and international surveillances of children in order to define overweight and obesity, which can help us to intervene more effectively in reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02963-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Seyedhoseinpour
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Tasdighi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Dehghan
- Imaging Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Momeni Moghaddam
- Imaging Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lemanowicz-Kustra A, Borkowska A, Brzeziński M, Wyszomirski A, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Longitudinal Analysis (1994-2020) of Prevalence and Trends of Underweight in Polish Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080643. [PMID: 34438534 PMCID: PMC8391958 DOI: 10.3390/children8080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status disorders are a worldwide problem. Approximately 5.9 million children under the age of five die each year, and 45% of these deaths are related to malnutrition. The aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence of underweight children aged between 6 and 7 years old, living in the Gdańsk, Poland, in the years 1994–2020. The anthropometric parameters of 67,842 children were analysed. BMI (Body Mass Index) value <5 percentile (pc) was defined as underweight. The BMI value was compared to the WHO (World Health Organization) centile charts and the OLAF (research project PL0080) national reference charts. The prevalence of underweight children in relation to the WHO charts was 1.9%; underweight status was found to be more significant in the group of boys (2.1%) than the group of girls (1.7%) (p < 0.001). According to the OLAF centile charts, the underweight figure among all of the study population was 2.1% and no statistical significance between boys (2.1%) and girls (2.0%) was found (p = 0.670). The occurrence of underweight indviduals in the studied group slightly increased in the years 1994–2020. We found a statistically significant increasing linear trend in the analysis of underweight children in our group (p < 0.001), in group of boys (p < 0.001), but not girls (WHO p = 0.603; OLAF p = 0.787). This points to the need to conduct regular screening systems for children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lemanowicz-Kustra
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-803 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.L.-K.); (M.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Anna Borkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-803 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.L.-K.); (M.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-803 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.L.-K.); (M.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Adam Wyszomirski
- Department of Adult Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-803 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.L.-K.); (M.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omidvar N, Babashahi M, Abdollahi Z, Al-Jawaldeh A. Enabling Food Environment in Kindergartens and Schools in Iran for Promoting Healthy Diet: Is It on the Right Track? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4114. [PMID: 33924728 PMCID: PMC8070383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enabling policies related to kindergarten and school food environments can be effective approaches in preventing childhood obesity. This study investigated policies and/or programs with direct or indirect effects on the food environment in kindergartens and schools in Iran. In this scoping review, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science, as well as Iranian scientific search engines, including Scientific Information Database and Magiran from January 1990 to October 2020, to identify literature on policies/programs affecting the food environment in kindergartens and schools in Iran. A total of 30 studies and policy documents were included in this review relevant to eight policies/programs. These programs have helped to control food availability in schools, increase nutritional awareness, positively influence physical function and school performances, and reduce malnutrition in rural kindergartens. However, improving the food environment in schools and kindergartens requires proper revisions and local adaptation of many of these policies, strengthening of cross-sectoral collaborations, provision of necessary financial and human resources, and ensuring regular monitoring and evaluation. Reflecting on Iran's health policies and interventions provides insight into the progress achieved and challenges faced. Lessons can benefit the country itself, as well as other countries with similar contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran;
| | - Mina Babashahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran;
| | - Zahra Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran;
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo 11371, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Narchi H, Alblooshi A, Altunaiji M, Alali N, Alshehhi L, Alshehhi H, Almazrouei A, Alsuwaidi AR, Souid AK. Prevalence of thinness and its effect on height velocity in schoolchildren. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:98. [PMID: 33726821 PMCID: PMC7962207 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In contrast to childhood obesity, studies involving thin children are much fewer, especially in developed countries. Furthermore, most reports do not address the impact of childhood thinness on height velocity. This study investigated the prevalence of thinness and its effect on height velocity in schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Weight and height were measured in 29,410 schoolchildren (50.5% females), as part of the health assessment (academic year 2014–2015). The body mass index (BMI) was classified as normal, thinness, overweight, or obese using cutoffs established by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), World Health Organization, and Centers for Disease Control. Results The median age was 10.2 years (range, 3–19). Using the IOTF scale, one-quarter of the children aged 4–6 years and one-third of the children aged 7–9 years were thin (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2). Thinness was less prevalent (8–10%) in adolescents. Group peak height velocity was delayed 1–3 years in thin children and was higher in children with excess body fat. In conclusion thinness was the highest (25–33%) in children aged 4–9 years of age and their peak height velocity was delayed 1–3 years when compared to the other children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05500-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassib Narchi
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Alblooshi
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maisoon Altunaiji
- School Health Team, Ministry of Health, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nawal Alali
- School Health Team, Ministry of Health, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Latifa Alshehhi
- School Health Team, Ministry of Health, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huda Alshehhi
- School Health Team, Ministry of Health, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Almazrouei
- School Health Team, Ministry of Health, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aslani Z, Bahreynian M, Namazi N, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Asayesh H, Motlagh ME, Pourmirzaei MA, Kasaeian A, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of dietary acid load with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:555-567. [PMID: 32172506 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High dietary acid load (DAL) may have an influence on anthropometric indices. Given that there was no study on the association between DAL and anthropometric indices children and adolescents, the current study was aimed to examine the association between DAL and anthropometric indices in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS Students aged 6-18 years were recruited using a multi-stage, cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height (Ht), weight (Wt), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, and hip circumference (HC) were measured. WC-to-HC ratio (WHR), WC-to-Ht ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) z-score, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), and parental BMI were computed. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate DAL. The association between DAL and anthropometric indices was evaluated using linear regression models. RESULTS In total, 5326 students (46.92% girls), with mean (standard deviations (SD)) age of 12.50 (3.14) years participated in the study (response rate: 98.13%). After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between NEAP and NC (P < 0.05). Also, an inverse association was observed between PRAL and NEAP with parental BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed a direct association between diet-induced acid load and NC and an inverse association between DAL indices and parental BMI. More well-designed clinical studies are warranted to confirm our results and the underlying mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aslani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaei
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Jawaldeh A, Taktouk M, Nasreddine L. Food Consumption Patterns and Nutrient Intakes of Children and Adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Call for Policy Action. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3345. [PMID: 33143163 PMCID: PMC7693485 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has witnessed significant social and economic changes that may have influenced the diet of children and adolescents, and increased the risk for obesity and malnutrition in this age group. This review aims to characterize and assess food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes amongst school-aged children (5-10 years) and adolescents (10-19 years) in countries of the EMR. Electronic databases (MedLine, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles published between 2005 and 2020; international organizations and governmental websites were also searched. Available studies documented low intakes of fruits, vegetables and fiber, inadequate consumption of water, milk and dairy products, coupled with high intakes of fat, saturated fat, and sugar sweetened beverages, as well as a frequent consumption of energy-dense, nutrient poor foods such as sweet and savory snacks. Micronutrient inadequacies were also observed, particularly for calcium, iron, zinc and vitamins A, D, C, and folate. Acknowledging the impact that nutrition may have on building societies and transforming the lives of children, adolescents and their families, there is a crucial need for a food system approach in developing and implementing national and regional policies and interventions aimed at improving the diet of children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Cairo 7608, Egypt;
| | - Mandy Taktouk
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Masocha V, Monyeki MA, Czyż SH. Longitudinal relationships between changes in body composition and changes in selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and blood pressure) among South African adolescents. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9331. [PMID: 32612883 PMCID: PMC7319020 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP) among adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality in the North West Province of South Africa. METHOD One hundred and eight-six adolescents (81 boys and 105 girls) aged 14 to 16 years participated in the study. Body composition was measured following the International Society of the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard procedures. BMI, abdominal obesity using WC measurement, and resting BP were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was calculated to determine changes in anthropometric measures and body composition as well as changes in BP. Additionally, Univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and participants as a random sample was applied. Diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were used as dependent variables and sex, age, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio as independent variables. RESULTS Significant changes were found for stature, BMI, body mass, WC, SBP, and DBP. BMI for the total group was significant and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (r = 0.55; p < 0.01) and in 2013 (r = 0.77; p < 0.01) and to SBP (r = 0.26; p < 0.05) in 2012 and (r = 0.17; p = 0.43) in 2013. BMI among the boys was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (r = 0.83; p < 0.01) and 2013 (r = 0.91; p < 0.01). For the girls, BMI was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and to SBP (r = 0.32; p = 0.05) in 2012. Boys with a higher WC in 2012 had significantly increased DBP (p < 0.05). Boys measured in 2012 with greater WC and BMI show a significant increase in SBP. CONCLUSIONS BMI was positively related to BP and abdominal obesity over time. Relatively high BMI and abdominal obesity significantly increased the likelihood of elevated BP over time, especially in boys. BMI was a predictor of abdominal obesity in boys, while in girls, BMI was a predictor of both abdominal obesity and SBP. In view of the future health implications of both abdominal obesity and elevated BP, urgent strategic interventions programs aimed at increasing physical activity and advocating for well-balanced dietary practices as well as importance of keeping normal blood pressure among South African adolescents are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Masocha
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Makama Andries Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stanisław H. Czyż
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Faculty of Physical Education, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmadpour M, Omidvar N, Doustmohammadian A, Rahimiforoushani A, Shakibazadeh E. Children Food and Nutrition Literacy - a New Challenge in Daily Health and Life, the New Solution: Using Intervention Mapping Model Through a Mixed Methods Protocol. J Med Life 2020; 13:175-182. [PMID: 32742510 PMCID: PMC7378349 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and nutrition literacy is a fundamental and new idiom among health policymakers. Improving children's food and nutrition literacy is a fundamental task, and it requires detailed planning. The aim of this study is to design, implement, and evaluate a food and nutrition literacy promotion intervention in elementary school children based on the Intervention Mapping model. This is a sequential study to design, implement, and evaluate a food and nutrition literacy promotion intervention in elementary school children aged 10-12 years old in Baneh city (Kurdistan, Iran). The study has three sequential phases, six steps based on the Intervention Mapping model, and four sub-studies. The questionnaire was transformed and culturally adapted since it was previously built for the city of Tehran; the results of a population-based cross-sectional survey indicated that the score for understanding food and nutrition information of a sample of 390 students aged 10-12 was mostly moderate and low (90.3% of participants). Therefore, a qualitative study on how to fix existing barriers, and extract facilitators and the best methods of interventions for promoting food and nutrition literacy of participants was conducted. Finally, an interventional study within six months for two intervention and control groups of elementary children 10-12 years old was carried out. The findings of this research will be used to design interventions and strategies based on needs assessment for improving students' skills in food and nutrition literacy in all dimensions of food and nutrition literacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmadpour
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aazam Doustmohammadian
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimiforoushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Nishimura R, Yoshimoto T, Minoura A, Oikawa K, Miki A, Hoshino H, Kokaze A. Changes in overweight/obesity and central obesity status from preadolescence to adolescence: a longitudinal study among schoolchildren in Japan. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:241. [PMID: 32066409 PMCID: PMC7027048 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about changes in overweight/obesity and central obesity status among schoolchildren from preadolescence to adolescence in Japan, where waist circumference (WC) is generally not measured in annual health examinations at elementary and junior high schools. This study examined changes of overweight/obesity and central obesity status among schoolboys and schoolgirls from preadolescence to adolescence in Japan. Methods Study subjects were fourth-grade school children (9 or 10 years of age) from all four of Ina town’s elementary schools in Japan. Measurement of each participant’s height, weight, and WC were made at baseline and 3 years later. Childhood overweight/obesity was determined according to the age- and sex-specific body mass index cut-off points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. Central obesity was defined as waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5. Kappa (κ) statistic was calculated to examine the tracking of overweight/obesity and central obesity. Results Data from 1436 participants (boys: n = 720, girls: n = 716) were analyzed. Overweight/obesity status tracked substantially from fourth grade to seventh grade in both boys (κ = 0.614, P value < 0.001) and girls (κ = 0.619, P value < 0.001). Among participants who were overweight/obese in fourth grade, 55.2% of boys and 63.2% of girls were still overweight/obese in seventh grade. Tracking of central obesity from fourth graders to seventh graders was substantial in boys (κ = 0.651, P value < 0.001) and moderate in girls (κ = 0.544, P value < 0.001). Among participants who had central obesity in fourth grade, 54.1% of boys and 52.6% of girls still had central obesity in seventh grade. Conclusions The present study showed that the tracking of overweight/obesity from preadolescence to adolescence was substantial in boys and girls. Moreover, more than half of those who had central obesity in preadolescence had central obesity in adolescence. This study suggests that it is important to implement a primary prevention program for overweight/obesity and central obesity in elementary schools before fourth grade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Takako Shirasawa
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Minoura
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oikawa
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ayako Miki
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hoshino
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salari-Moghaddam A, Hajihashemi P, Basirat R, Mousavi SM, Salehi-Abargouie A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Household socioeconomic status in relation to childhood general and central obesity in Farrokhshahr, Iran. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2020; 15:211-217. [PMID: 31949447 PMCID: PMC6954359 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v15i5.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and general/central obesity has extensively been examined, limited data are available in this regard among children. The aim of this study was to examine the association between household SES and obesity among children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done in Farrokhshahr, Iran, among primary school children aged 6-12 years in 2009. SES was examined using participants' and their parents' oral responses to a pretested questionnaire. In the current study, participants were classified based on tertiles of SES score to low, medium, and high SES categories. General as well as central obesity was defined based on age- and sex-specific national cut-off points. RESULTS Comparing individuals in the highest versus lowest tertile of SES, there was no significant difference in mean waist circumference (WC), but those in the middle tertile of SES had greater means of body mass index (BMI) than those in the lowest tertile after controlling for potential confounders (16.19 ± 0.27 vs. 15.27 ± 0.27 kg/m2, P = 0.002). We observed a greater chance of general obesity for those in the highest tertile of SES compared with those in the lowest tertile [odds ratio (OR): 4.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53-10.59, Ptrend = 0.004]. No significant association was seen between SES and central obesity, either before or after controlling for potential confounders. CONCLUSION We found that children in the highest SES class had a greater chance of general obesity than those in the lowest SES class. There was no significant association between SES and central obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- PhD Candidate, Students Scientific Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Hajihashemi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reyhane Basirat
- PhD Candidate, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- PhD Candidate, Students Scientific Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouie
- Assistant Professor, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center AND Department of Nutrition, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Professor, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Professor, Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran AND Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Distribution of body mass index in children with different parental risk: Findings of a family-based cohort study in a West-Asian population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9375. [PMID: 31253815 PMCID: PMC6599208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Using quantile regression analysis, the current study, conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) aimed to assess the effects of parental risk clusters on different percentiles of Body Mass Index (BMI) distribution in children. Participants included 2296 school-aged children who had participated in the baseline assessment of the TLGS and were followed for an approximate duration of fifteen years. Parental socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics were considered to determine risk clusters. Comparing of the high- to the low-risk parental clusters showed that after adjusting for age in boys, BMI was significantly higher at the 75th (1.82, p = 03), 85th (1.78, p = 0.007) and 95th (1.66, p = 0.03) percentiles; and in girls it was significantly higher at the 25th (1.45, p = 0.003), 50th (1.05, p = 0.015), 95th (2.31, p = 0.018) and 97th (2.44, p = 0.006) percentiles in the high risk cluster. Our data indicate that during a long-term follow up, children with a high-risk family are more likely to have higher BMI, compared to their counterparts in low-risk families, a difference observed mainly at the upper percentiles of BMI distribution for both genders and at all ages, findings that should be considered for strategies aimed at preventing childhood obesity and its consequences.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kavezade S, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Aflatoonian M, Asemi M, Mehrabani S, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effects of whole milk compared to skim milk and apple juice consumption in breakfast on appetite and energy intake in obese children: a three-way randomized crossover clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:44. [PMID: 32153905 PMCID: PMC7050899 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A limited number of studies have examined the effect of dairy on satiety and short-term energy intake among children; furthermore we are not aware of any study comparing high and low-fat dairy products regarding their effect on appetite and short-term energy intake. Our objective was to assess the effect skim milk (SM) compared to whole milk (WM) and apple juice (AJ) on satiety and energy intake at lunch among 10-12 y children with obesity. Methods Fifty children with obesity who aged 10-12 y were randomized to consume a fixed content breakfast with 240 ml of SM, AJ, or WM for two consecutive days. The study was a three-way randomized crossover study; therefore each participant served as his/her own control. The total appetite, hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective consumption were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before breakfast and every one hour after breakfast until a freely consumed lunch. VAS scores and energy intakes were compared using repeated measures procedure. Results Forty-eight participants (24 girls and 24 boys) completed the study. The energy intake was not different between SM, AJ and WM periods (adjusted mean ± standard error (SE) of energy intake: SM = 831.27 ± 30.64 Kcal, AJ = 794.92 ± 28.72 Kcal, WM = 798.87 ± 24.09 Kcal; P = 0.56). The effect was the same for either gender. Children reported higher satiety score 4 h after drinking WM with breakfast compared with SM (P < 0.05). The same association was found only in girls. Furthermore, SM significantly reduced appetite compared to AJ, 2 h after preloads in girls (P < 0.05). Conclusions Full-fat milk may have favorable effects on satiety but not energy intake in subsequent meal compared to skim milk among the children with obesity. Future studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results. Trial registration The study protocol was registered with the Iranian registry of clinical trials on 9th October 2016 (registration ID: IRCT2016072012571N5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Kavezade
- 1Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,2Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, PO Code 8915173160 Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- 2Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, PO Code 8915173160 Iran.,3Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Aflatoonian
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asemi
- Shahrekord branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- 6Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,7Department of clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- 1Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,2Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, PO Code 8915173160 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Association of anthropometric indices with continuous metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:597-604. [PMID: 29094277 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the association of anthropometric indices with continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) among Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS This multicentric study was conducted on 14138 students aged 7-18 years, who participated in a national surveillance program. Fasting blood sample was obtained from a subsample of 3843 randomly selected students. Physical examination including the measurement of anthropometric indices and blood pressure was conducted; fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured; and cMetS score was computed. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. A higher cMetS score indicates a less favorable metabolic profile. Linear regression models were applied to determine the association between cMetS and anthropometric indices. RESULTS The study participants consisted of 3843 children and adolescents (52.3% boys) with mean (SD) age of 12.45 ± 3.04 years. All anthropometric indices had positive correlation with standardized scores of mean arterial pressure, waist circumference and cMetS (P < 0.05). Standardized scores of triglycerides were positively correlated with weight and body mass index (P < 0.05). In multivariate model, general and abdominal obesity, as well as high circumferences of neck, wrist, and hip circumferences increased the standardized cMetS risk score to 1.8, 1.9, 1.6, 1.5 and 1.5, respectively (P < 0.05 for all variables). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that higher anthropometric indices are associated with higher cMetS risk score in children and adolescents. This information could be valuable for screening and prevention of MetS at population level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study (National surveillance study).
Collapse
|
17
|
Ejtahed HS, Heshmat R, Motlagh ME, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Ziaodini H, Taheri M, Ahadi Z, Aminaee T, Shafiee G, Goodarzi A, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of parental obesity with cardiometabolic risk factors in their children: The CASPIAN-V study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193978. [PMID: 29641604 PMCID: PMC5894970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family environment has a crucial role in the development of childhood obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the association of parental obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in their children. METHODS This multicentric cross-sectional study was performed on 14400 students (aged 7-18 years) and one of their parents. Students were recruited by multistage, stratified cluster sampling from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Fasting venous blood was obtained from a random sample of 4200 students. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical variables were collected. RESULTS Data of 14002 students and results of blood samples of 3483 of them were complete and included in the current study. The prevalence of obesity in children, fathers, and mothers was 11.4%, 10.6%, and 24.2%, respectively. In students, the most commonly observed metabolic abnormality was low HDL-C (29.5%); the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia was 5% and 55.7%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference of parents and weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of their children (P< 0.05). In the multivariate model, the risk of excess weight (OR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.17-1.44), obesity (OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.18-1.59), abdominal obesity (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.05-1.29) and elevated BP (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.04-1.31) were higher in those students whose parents had excess weight compared with other students. Parental obesity did not have significant association with metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in their children. CONCLUSIONS Parental history of obesity could be used as a practical approach for the early preventive measures and identification of children at risk of cardiometabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Health Psychology Research Center, Education Ministry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majzoubeh Taheri
- Office of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Aminaee
- Office of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Goodarzi
- Medical Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
St-Jean A, Meziou S, Ayotte P, Lucas M. Overweight and obesity prevalence among Cree youth of Eeyou Istchee according to three body mass index classification systems. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:196. [PMID: 29166889 PMCID: PMC5700524 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the suitability of three commonly used body mass index (BMI) classification systems for Indigenous youth. We estimated overweight and obesity prevalence among Cree youth of Eeyou Istchee according to three BMI classification systems, assessed the level of agreement between them, and evaluated their accuracy through body fat and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Data on 288 youth (aged 8–17 years) were collected. Overweight and obesity prevalence were estimated with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Agreement was measured with weighted kappa (κw). Associations with body fat and cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated by analysis of variance. Results Obesity prevalence was 42.7% with IOTF, 47.2% with CDC, and 49.3% with WHO criteria. Agreement was almost perfect between IOTF and CDC (κw = 0.93), IOTF and WHO (κw = 0.91), and WHO and CDC (κw = 0.94). Means of body fat and cardiometabolic risk factors were significantly higher (Ptrend < 0.001) from normal weight to obesity, regardless of the system used. Youth considered overweight by IOTF but obese by CDC or WHO exhibited less severe clinical obesity. Conclusions IOTF seems to be more accurate in identifying obesity in Cree youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audray St-Jean
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Salma Meziou
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada.,Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Local 2428, Québec, QC, G1V 06A, Canada
| | - Michel Lucas
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Local 2428, Québec, QC, G1V 06A, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Exploration of the Risk Factors of Generalized and Central Obesity among Adolescents in North Lebanon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 2017:2879075. [PMID: 29056975 PMCID: PMC5615952 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2879075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and in the Arab countries. Alarming rates of overweight/obesity have been rising progressively in Lebanon. However, the risk factors for the development of adolescents' obesity have not yet been thoroughly explored in North Lebanon. To determine the dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with generalized and central obesity among adolescents living in Tripoli, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a representative sample of 311 students aged 11–16 years from both sexes chosen from public and private schools in Tripoli. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control BMI for age percentiles. Central obesity was assessed using both waist-to-height ratio and gender-specific waist circumference for age indices. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast and physical inactivity were the most significant independent risk factors associated with both generalized and central obesity. In addition, higher screen time and male gender were associated with increased risk for generalized and central obesity, respectively. Intervention strategies to prevent the development of obesity should be implemented among adolescent students to encourage regular breakfast intake and adopting healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zeinab J, Gholamreza G, Mehdi Y, Mahmood T, Korush J. Factors related to reduction in the consumption of fast food: application of the theory-based approaches. J Public Health Res 2017; 6:832. [PMID: 29071252 PMCID: PMC5641655 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2017.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Trans-Theoretical model (TTM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) may be promising models for understanding and predicting reduction in the consumption of fast food. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of the Trans-Theoretical model (TTM) and the additional predictive role of the subjective norms and perceived behavioural control in predicting reduction consumption of fast food in obese Iranian adolescent girls. Materials and Methods. A cross sectional study design was conducted among twelve randomly selected schools in Sabzevar, Iran from 2015 to 2017. Four hundred eighty five randomly selected students consented to participate in the study. Hierarchical regression models used to predict the role of important variables that can influence the reduction in the consumption of fast food among students. using SPSS version 22. Results Variables Perceived behavioural control (r=0.58, P<0.001), Subjective norms (r=0.51, P<0.001), self-efficacy (r=0.49, P<0.001), decisional balance (pros) (r=0.29, P<0.001), decisional balance (cons) (r=0.25, P<0.001), stage of change (r=0.38, P<0.001), were significantly and positively correlated while experiential processes of change (r=0.08, P=0.135) and behavioural processes of change (r=0.09, P=0.145), were not significant. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the TTM (except the experiential and behavioural processes of change) focusing on the perceived behavioural control and subjective norms are useful models for reduction in the consumption of fast food. Significance for public health The Ministries of Education and Public Health should cooperate in supporting the below-mentioned formal and non-formal school, family and community nutritional education and activities. Lastly, the Ministry of Public Health should conduct programmes with restaurant owners on healthy Iranian food and its hygienic presentation and promotion, to enhance their ability to compete with fast-food restaurants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Garmaroudi Gholamreza
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Yaseri Mehdi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Tavousi Mahmood
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran
| | - Jafarian Korush
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sayarifard F, Sayarifard A, Allahverdi B, Ipakchi S, Moghtaderi M, Yaghmaei B. Prevalence of Acanthosis nigricans and Related Factors in Iranian Obese Children. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:SC05-SC07. [PMID: 28892990 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24902.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recognition of Acanthosis nigricans (AN) provides important opportunities for screening of obesity syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance with diabetes mellitus 2. Considering the high prevalence of obesity among Iranian children, we designed this study to estimate the prevalence of AN and related laboratory factors in Iranian obese children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-one obese children were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of AN was done by clinical examination. Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin (fT4), calcium, phosphorus and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured with routine techniques. Collected data were compared between cases with AN and without AN. Independent t-test was used for comparison of variables. RESULTS Twenty-five of children were female (35.2%). Forty-eight children (67.6%) had AN. In 20 cases (28.2%), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was <2.5 and in 51 (71.8%), HOMA-IR was more than 2.5. Mean BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR, TG and AST levels were significantly higher in cases with AN. CONCLUSION Obese children with AN are at risk of developing diabetes. Hence early identification of this feature and precise evaluation of children is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sayarifard
- Assistant Professor, Pediatric Endocrinologist, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Sayarifard
- Assistant Professor, Community Medicine Specialist, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Allahverdi
- Assistant Professor, Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Research Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ipakchi
- Medical doctor, Department of Paediatric, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Moghtaderi
- Pediatric Nephrologist, Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Yaghmaei
- Assistant Professor, Pediatric Intensifier, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ansari H, Qorbani M, Rezaei F, Djalalinia S, Asadi M, Miranzadeh S, Motlagh ME, Bayat S, Safiri S, Safari O, Shamsizadeh M, Kelishadi R. Association of birth weight with abdominal obesity and weight disorders in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:140-146. [PMID: 29118946 PMCID: PMC5670335 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the association of birth weight (BW) with weight disorders in a national sample of Iranian pediatric population. Methods: This nationwide survey was conducted among 25000 student's aged 6-18 year-old students, who were selected using multistage cluster random sampling from 30 provinces of Iran in 2011-2012. Anthropometric measures were measured under standard protocols by using calibrated instruments. Abdominal obesity was defined based on waist circumference (WC) ≥90th percentile value for age and sex. The WHO criterion was used to categorize BMI. Students' BW was asked from parents using validate questionnaire and was categorized as low BW (LBW) (BW <2500 g), normal BW (NBW) (BW: 2500-4000 g) and high BW (HBW) (BW>4000 g). Results: This national survey was conducted among 23043 school students (participation rate: 92.6%). The mean age of participants (50.8% boys) was 12.54 ± 3.31 years. Results of multivariate logistic regression show that LBW increased odds of underweight (OR [odds ratio]: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.89) and students with HBW had decreased odds of underweight (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.93) compared to students with NBW. Students with LBW compared to student with NBW had decreased odds of overweight (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98) and general obesity (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). On the other hand, HBW increased odd of overweight (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.50), generalized obesity (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.96) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.49) compared to NBW group. Conclusion: BW is a determinant of weight disorders and abdominal obesity in childhood and adolescence. This finding underscores the importance of prenatal care as well as close monitoring of the growth pattern of children born with low or high BW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ansari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Miranzadeh
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sahel Bayat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Shamsizadeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jalali-Farahani S, Amiri P, Abbasi B, Karimi M, Cheraghi L, Daneshpour MS, Azizi F. Maternal Characteristics and Incidence of Overweight/Obesity in Children: A 13-Year Follow-up Study in an Eastern Mediterranean Population. Matern Child Health J 2017; 21:1211-1220. [PMID: 28102505 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate clustering of parental sociobehavioral factors and their relationship with the incidence of overweight and obesity in Iranian children. Methods Demographics, body weight, and certain medical characteristics of the parents of 2999 children were used to categorize parents by cluster; children's weights were assessed for each cluster. Specifically, survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to test the effect of parental clustering on the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity. Results Maternal metabolic syndrome, education level, age, body weight status, and paternal age had important roles in distinguishing clusters with low, moderate, and high risk. Crude incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years) of overweight and obesity were 416.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 388.2-447.5) and 114.7 (95% CI 101.2-129.9), respectively. Children of parents with certain constellations of demographic and medical characteristics were 37.0 and 41.0% more likely to become overweight and obese, respectively. Conclusions for Practice The current study demonstrated the vital role of maternal characteristics in distinguishing familial clusters, which could be used to predict the incidence of overweight and obesity in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ethical issues in obesity prevention for school children: a systematic qualitative review. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:981-988. [PMID: 28801690 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Planning and conducting preventive measures against obesity for school children is beset with ethical issues which should be known to make well-informed decisions. The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive spectrum of these ethical issues by means of a systematic review. In this context, the study also assesses the value of different search strategies for ethical literature in public health. METHODS Literature was searched in Medline, EBSCO and others. Three different search strategies with varied scopes were applied and their output was compared. Qualitative content analysis was used for extracting and categorizing ethical issues. RESULTS 109 publications (published from 1995 to 2015) were finally included. The qualitative analysis resulted in 60 potentially relevant ethical issues. The three search strategies showed substantial differences regarding their search results. CONCLUSIONS The presented spectrum provides an initial evidence base for dealing with ethical issues adequately. The findings of the study further suggest that a broader scope is more fruitful for systematic reviews on ethical issues in the field of public health.
Collapse
|
25
|
Doustmohammadian A, Omidvar N, Keshavarz-Mohammadi N, Abdollahi M, Amini M, Eini-Zinab H. Developing and validating a scale to measure Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children in Iran. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179196. [PMID: 28654646 PMCID: PMC5487019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food and nutrition literacy is an emerging term which is increasingly used in policy and research. Though research in this area is growing, progression is limited by the lack of an accepted method to measure food and nutrition literacy. The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess food and nutrition literacy in elementary school children in the city of Tehran. METHODS The study was conducted in three phases. To develop Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) questionnaire, a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study were initially performed to identify food and nutrition literacy dimensions and its components. Content and face validity of the questionnaire were evaluated by an expert panel as well as students. In the second phase, construct validity of the scale was evaluated using Explanatory Factor Analyses (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA). In the last phase (confirmatory phase), the final version of the questionnaire was evaluated on 400 students. RESULTS Findings show Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) of the 62-item questionnaire at acceptable levels of 0.87 and 0.92, respectively. EFA suggested a six-factor construct, namely, understanding food and nutrition information, knowledge, functional, interactive, food choice, and critical. The results of CFA indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed models. All subscales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha≥0.70), except for critical skill subscale (0.48). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.90, CI: 0.83-0.94) indicated that Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) scale had satisfactory stability. Each phase of development progressively improved the questionnaire, which resulted in a 46-item (42 likert-type items and 4 true-false items) Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) scale. The questionnaire measured two domains with 6 subscales, including: 1) cognitive domain: understanding and knowledge; 2) skill domain: functional, food choice, interactive, and critical skills. CONCLUSION The developed food and nutrition literacy scale is a valid and reliable instrument to measure food and nutrition literacy in children. This measure lays a solid empirical and theoretical foundation for future research and tailored interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aazam Doustmohammadian
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Amini
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Djalalinia S, Sheidaei A, Rezaei F, Arefirad T, Safiri S, Asayesh H, Motlagh ME. Physical inactivity and associated factors in Iranian children and adolescents: the Weight Disorders Survey of the CASPIAN-IV study. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:41-48. [PMID: 28451087 PMCID: PMC5402026 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to assess the associated factors of physical inactivity among Iranian children and adolescents at national level. The second objective is to assess the relationship of physical inactivity with anthropometric measures. Methods: Along with a national surveillance program, this survey on weight disorders was conducted among a nationally-representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years. Students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces of Iran. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used to assess physical activity (PA). Using PAQ-A instrument, PA of past week categorized as; low PA level, that included those who scored between 1 to 1.9 on the PAQ-A instrument and high PA level that included participants with estimated scores between 2-5 PAQ-A. Results: Participants were 23183 school students (50.8% boys) with a mean age of 12.55 ± 3.3 years, without significant difference in terms of gender. Totally, 23.48% of participants (13.84% of boys and 33.42% of girls) were physically inactive. In multivariate logistic regression model, with increased age in children and adolescence, the odds of a physically inactivity increased (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07-1.10). The odds of prevalence of both obesity and underweight were high in children and adolescents with low PA. There was a decreasing trend in PA in higher school grades. Conclusion: We found a considerably high prevalence of physical inactivity in Iranian children and adolescents, with higher rates among girls and older ages. However, we did not find correlation between PA and socioeconomic status (SES). Because of the positive relationship between PA and ST, future studies should consider the complex interaction of these two items. Multidisciplinary policies should be considered in increasing PA programs among children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Child Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Tahereh Arefirad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Garousi S, Garrusi B, Baneshi MR, Sharifi Z. Weight management behaviors in a sample of Iranian adolescent girls. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:435-444. [PMID: 26719307 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Attempts to obtain the ideal body shape portrayed in advertising can result in behaviors that lead to an unhealthy reduction in weight. This study was designed to identify contributing factors that may be effective in changing the behavior of a sample of Iranian adolescents. METHODS Three hundred fifty adolescent girls from high schools in Kerman, Iran participated in a cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire. Multifactorial logistic regression modeling was used to identify the factors influencing each of the contributing factors for body management methods, and a decision tree model was constructed to identify individuals who were more or less likely to change their body shape. RESULTS Approximately one-third of the adolescent girls had attempted dieting, and 37 % of them had exercised to lose weight. The logistic regression model showed that pressure from their mother and the media; father's education level; and body mass index (BMI) were important factors in dieting. BMI and perceived pressure from the media were risk factors for attempting exercise. CONCLUSIONS BMI and perceived pressure from relatives, particularly mothers, and the media were important factors in attempts by adolescent girls to lose weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Garousi
- Social Sciences Department, Literature & Human Sciences School, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - B Garrusi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 444, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Baneshi
- Department of Biostatistics, Research Center for Modeling in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Z Sharifi
- Department of Social Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohseni-Takalloo S, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Associations of Pre-Defined Dietary Patterns with Obesity Associated Phenotypes in Tehranian Adolescents. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080505. [PMID: 27548211 PMCID: PMC4997418 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a public health problem in adolescents and could be a risk factor for both short-term and long-term health consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI), Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) and Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) with risk of obesity associated phenotypes in Tehranian adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, on 722 adolescents, aged 10–19 years. Usual dietary intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality scores were obtained based on DGAI, HEI-2005 and HEI-2010. General obesity and cardio metabolic risk factors were defined according to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and de’Ferranti cut-offs, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, energy intake and physical activity, compared to those in the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile of HEI-2010 had lower risk of general obesity (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.38–0.93; Ptrend = 0.03) and central obesity (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.95; Ptrend = 0.04). No association was observed between different types of obesity and scores of other diet quality indices. In conclusions, considering the role of HEI-2010 in decreasing the risk of obesity, these findings suggest that HEI-2010 may be useful for assessing diet-related progress in obesity prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mohseni-Takalloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, 7661771967 Bam, Iran.
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4763, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4763, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4763, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jamalikandazi F, Ranjbar E, Gholami-Parizad E, Ghazanfari Z, Mostafavi SA. Nutritional Status and Anthropometric Indices in High School Girls in Ilam, West Iran. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:4275148. [PMID: 27403373 PMCID: PMC4925997 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4275148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. Adolescence is one of the most challenging periods for human growth and nutritional status. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and anthropometric indices in high school girls in Ilam. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on 360 domestic high school girl students chosen randomly by cluster sampling. Data were gathered through interviews performed by a dietitian to fill 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency and demographic questionnaires. Then we performed the anthropometric measurements and we compared the results with CDC2000 standards. We analyzed our data by N4 food analyzer and SPSS16 software. Results. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 5% and 10.8%, respectively. Simultaneously, the prevalence of underweight was 20.2%. The prevalence of stunting was 5.8%. We also showed that 50% of high school girls in Ilam suffered from severe food insecurity, 14.7% suffered from mild insecurity, and 4.7% get extra energy from foods. Food analysis showed that micronutrients such as zinc, iron, calcium, folate, fiber, magnesium, and vitamin B12 were less than what is recommended by the RDA. Conclusion. Undernutrition and overnutrition are completely prevalent among girls studied in Ilam. This needs further acts and investigations in the field and more nutritional and health educations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jamalikandazi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Elham Ranjbar
- Department of Food and Drug, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 7419654459, Iran
| | - Eskandar Gholami-Parizad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazanfari
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- Psychiatry Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Shahr Babaki AE, Djalalinia S, Ataei-Jafari A, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Arefirad T, Rezaei F, Asayesh H, Kelishadi R. Joint Association of Screen Time and Physical Activity with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a National Sample of Iranian Adolescents: The CASPIANIII Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154502. [PMID: 27167372 PMCID: PMC4864273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its contributing factors are considered important health problems in the pediatric age group. This study was designed to assess the joint association of ST and PA with cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adolescents. A representative sample of 5625 (50.2% boys) school students with a mean age of 14.73 (SD: 2.41) were selected through multistage random cluster sampling method from urban and rural areas of 27 provinces in Iran. ST and PA were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires. Anthropometric measures (height, weight and waist circumference (WC)) and MetS components (abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triglycerides (TG) and high fasting blood sugar (FBG)) were measured according to standardized protocols. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. Moreover, elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and generalized obesity were considered as other cardiometabolic risk factors. Students with high ST levels had significantly higher body mass index z-score (BMI z-score), WC, TG, LDL-C, and BP as well as lower HDL-C level; whereas those with high PA levels had significantly higher HDL-C levels as well as lower BMI z-score, TC, and BP. Adolescents with low PA/ high ST levels had significantly higher BMI, WC, LDL-C levels, as well as higher SBP and DBP compared to their other counterparts. In Multivariate model, joint effect of low PA/ high ST (compared to the high PA/low ST group) increased the odds of overweight, abdominal obesity and low HDL-C and decreased the odds of elevated TC. The findings of this study showed that joint association of high ST and low PA have direct association with abdominal obesity, overweight and low HDL-C and indirect association with elevated TC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MQ); (RK)
| | - Amir Eslami Shahr Babaki
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Ataei-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Arefirad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail: (MQ); (RK)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Djalalinia S, Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Peykari N, Kasaeian A, Nasli-Esfahani E, Naderimagham S, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, in Iranian Children and Adolescents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 26:e2599. [PMID: 27617064 PMCID: PMC4987964 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context Obesity has now become a common health problem worldwide. To gain insight into the epidemiology of the problem in Iran, we systematically reviewed all available studies on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iranian pediatric population. Evidence Acquisition We systematically searched PubMed, ISI, SCOPUS, as well as Iranmedex, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases.All studies on mean and standard deviation or percentile categories of BMI, WC, WHR, or WHtR or prevalence of obesity/overweight in Iranian child and adolescence, were performed from January 1990 to the end of December 2013. Refining processes were conducted by two independent reviewers. Quality assessment and data extraction followed based on validated form. As, these data were heterogeneous, meta-analysis was not performed. Results From 3253 records, through three refining steps, 129 articles were found related to our study. In Iran, national studies are limited and nearly there is no comprehensive study for sub-national trends. Different age and sex groups had large variations in the prevalence of obesity and overweight (from 1% up to 16.1% and from 4.4% up to 42.3% respectively for obesity and overweight). Conclusions Related data are very scattered or limited to some specific subgroups in some living areas. For comparing, aggregating, and imputing the information we need more modern practical statistical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IR Iran
| | - Niloofar Peykari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Researcher Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shohreh Naderimagham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Farshad Farzadfar, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1599666615, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2188913543, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hashemi M, Khosravi E, Ghannadi A, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R. Effect of the peels of two Citrus fruits on endothelium function in adolescents with excess weight: A triple-masked randomized trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:721-6. [PMID: 26664417 PMCID: PMC4652303 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.168273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity induces endothelial dysfunction even in the pediatric age group. The possible protective effects of fruits and herbal products on the endothelial dysfunction of obese children remain to be determined. This study aims to investigate the effects of lemon and sour orange peels on endothelial function of adolescents with excess weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS This triple-masked, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 1-month among 90 overweight and obese participants, aged 6-18 years. They were randomly assigned into three groups of equal number receiving daily oral capsules containing lemon or sour orange powder or placebo. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was compared between three groups by using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Overall, 30 participants in the lemon group, 27 in the sour orange group and 29 in the control group completed the trial. After the trial, mean FMD was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the lemon group (11.99 ± 4.05) and in the sour orange group (12.79 ± 5.47) than in the placebo group (6.45 ± 2.79). FMD percent change was 145.02 ± 24.34 in the lemon group, 142.04 ± 16.11 in the sour orange group, and 46.73 ± 5.16 in controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This trial showed that consumption of extracts of lemon and sour orange peels, which contain plenty amounts of antioxidants, flavonoids, pectin, and vitamin C, might have significant benefits on endothelial function in children and adolescents with excess weight. Trial registry code: IRCT201311201434N10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Khosravi
- Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghannadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ghadimi R, Asgharzadeh E, Sajjadi P. Obesity among Elementary Schoolchildren: A Growing Concern in the North of Iran, 2012. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:99. [PMID: 26605020 PMCID: PMC4629300 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.167177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study is to assess the elementary schoolchildren's nutritional status based on anthropometric indices due to the sudden spread of obesity in children and adolescents in both developed and developing countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3647 children with an age range of 7–11 years of primary schools in Babol using cluster random sampling method in 2012. Children younger than 7 years or older than 11 years, children with chronic diseases, pupils treated with corticosteroids or growth hormone replacement therapy and children with chromosomal abnormalities were excluded from the study. Anthropometric indices were measured by medical students and evaluated according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standard percentiles. Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 18 with Chi-square and independent samples t-test. Results: The body mass index of 26.1% of children was greater than the 85th percentile, and 4.7% was less than the 5th percentile. The prevalence of obesity among boys was significantly higher than girls (P = 0.007). Moreover, urban children (P = 0.0001) and children who studied in private schools (P = 0.0001) had a significantly higher proportion of obesity and overweight than the urban and private schoolstudents. The highest prevalence of obesity and overweight belonged to 18.0% of the students among fifth graders and 15.3% of schoolchildren among third graders, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study was higher. It seems it is necessary to implement the intervention programs to prevent overweight and obesity among schoolchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghadimi
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran ; Department of Social Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elmira Asgharzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Parvin Sajjadi
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran ; Department of Social Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smetanina N, Albaviciute E, Babinska V, Karinauskiene L, Albertsson-Wikland K, Petrauskiene A, Verkauskiene R. Prevalence of overweight/obesity in relation to dietary habits and lifestyle among 7-17 years old children and adolescents in Lithuania. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1001. [PMID: 26429124 PMCID: PMC4590263 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among pediatric population in Europe and worldwide contributes to major well-known risks for metabolic consequences in later life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Lithuania and assess its association with energy balance related behaviors as well as familial demographic and socioeconomic factors. METHODS Cross-sectional study included 3990 7-17 years old schoolchildren from 40 schools of Kaunas region, Lithuania. Study participants underwent anthropometric measurements. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria for children and adolescents. Children and adolescents and their parents filled in the questionnaires on parental sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, TV watching time, and family socioeconomic status. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among boys and girls was 6.9 and 11.7 % (P < 0.05), 12.6 and 12.6 % (P > 0.05), and 4.9 and 3.4 % (P < 0.05), respectively. Obesity was significantly more prevalent in the 7-9 years old group (6.7 and 4.8 % in boys and girls, respectively, P < 0.05). Lower meals frequency and breakfast skipping were directly associated with overweight/obesity (P < 0.05); however, physical inactivity was not associated with higher BMI. Children's overweight/obesity was directly associated with lower paternal education and unemployment (OR 1.30, P = 0.013 and OR 1.56, P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-17 years old Lithuanian children and adolescents was more prevalent in younger age, still being one of the lowest across the European countries. Meals frequency, breakfast skipping, paternal education and unemployment as well as a family history of arterial hypertension were found to be associated with children's and adolescents' overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Smetanina
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Edita Albaviciute
- Laboratory of Child and Youth Health, Institute of Health Research, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Veslava Babinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Lina Karinauskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland
- Goteborg Pediatric Growth Research Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg University, SE-41685, Goteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ausra Petrauskiene
- Laboratory of Child and Youth Health, Institute of Health Research, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rasa Verkauskiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Relation of intelligence quotient and body mass index in preschool children: a community-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e176. [PMID: 26258767 PMCID: PMC4558558 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight and obesity in children is a global problem. Besides physical effects, obesity has harmful psychological effects on children. METHODS We carried out cross-sectional community-based study to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive functioning in preschool children. Thirteen socioeconomical elements of 1151 children were measured and analyzed based on their intelligence quotient (IQ) test results. Thirteen out of 33 provinces were selected randomly, and schools were selected as clusters in rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance and regression were used when appropriate. RESULTS Our analysis showed that IQ was associated with household income, place of residence, delivery type, type of infant feeding and father's and mother's education level (P<0.001 for all). Using penalized linear regression for eliminating the impact of confounding factor, our study shows that, living in metropolitan (β=2.411) and urban areas (β=2.761), the level of participants' father's education (β=5.251) was positively and BMI (β=-0.594) was negatively related with IQ test results.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study showed that a lower IQ score is associated with higher BMI. However, this relation appears to be largely mediated when the socioeconomic status was considered.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kakutani Y, Kamiya S, Omi N. Association between Regular Exercise and Dietary Intake among Japanese Young Adults Aged 18-24 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 61:255-62. [PMID: 26226963 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between regular exercise and dietary intake in Japanese young adults. A cross-sectional study was performed between May 2013 and July 2013 in universities, colleges, and technical schools located in Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Tokyo, and Nara in Japan. The final sample comprised 654 students, 473 females and 181 males, aged 18-24 y. Regular exercise and dietary intake were assessed using validated self-reported questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the association between regular exercise and dietary intake. A total of 18% females and 40% males spent ≥5 h per week exercising. Females who spent ≥5 h per week exercising were likely to have a higher intake of fruits (odds ratio (OR), 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-3.13) and a lower intake of cereals (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.97) than were those who spent <1 h per week. Males who spent ≥5 h per week exercising were more likely to have a higher intake of fish and shellfish (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.07-6.77) than those who spent <1 h per week. In conclusions, young adults who spent ≥5 h per week exercising had a higher intake of fruits among females, and a higher intake of fish and shellfish among males than those who spent <1 h per week. The present findings suggested food group intakes associated with regular exercise in Japanese young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kakutani
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Heshmat R, Shafiee G, Kelishadi R, Babaki AES, Motlagh ME, Arefirad T, Ardalan G, Ataie-Jafari A, Asayesh H, Mohammadi R, Qorbani M. Is the association of continuous metabolic syndrome risk score with body mass index independent of physical activity? The CASPIAN-III study. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:404-10. [PMID: 26244080 PMCID: PMC4523485 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) in a nationwide survey of Iranian children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data on 5,625 school students between 10 and 18 years of age were analyzed. BMI percentiles, screen time activity (STA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels, and components of cMetS risk score were extracted. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. Linear regression models were used to study the interactions between different combinations of cMetS, LTPA, and BMI percentiles. RESULTS Overall, 984 (17.5%) subjects were underweight, whereas 501 (8.9%) and 451 (8%) participants were overweight and obese, respectively. All standardized values for cMetS components, except fasting blood glucose level, were directly correlated with BMI percentiles in all models (P-trend < 0.001); these associations were independent of STA and LTPA levels. Linear associations were also observed among LTPA and standardized residuals for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference (P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BMI percentiles are associated with cMetS risk score independent of LTPA and STA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Tahereh Arefirad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Asal Ataie-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Baghestan Boulevard, 31485/56, Karaj, Iran. ; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghotboddin Mohammadi S, Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F. The Association of Dairy Intake With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13:e25201. [PMID: 26425126 PMCID: PMC4584419 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.25201v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of dairy product plays an important role in prevention and treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the association of dairy intake with MetS and its components in Tehranian adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 785 adolescent aged 10 to 19 years, participated from the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a valid semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy, low fat and high fat dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese were evaluated. Assessment of anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure was performed and MetS was defined according to the de Ferranti criteria. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 14.8 ± 2.9 years. The prevalence of MetS was 22.2% (girls: 19.5% and boys: 25.2%). The most prevalent risk factor for MetS in boys was high waist circumference (53.4%) and among girls was low HDL-C (53.1%). Energy density and intake of protein, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, calcium and phosphor were higher in the highest quartile of dairy consumption than the lowest quartile. After adjustments for confounders, odds ratios with 95% confidence interval for MetS in the highest quartile of total dairy, low fat dairy, high fat dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese compared with lowest quartile were respectively 0.97 (0.57 - 1.66), 1.44 (0.83 - 2.49), 0.97 (0.56 - 1.67), 0.70 (0.42 - 1.18), 1.62 (0.99 - 2.64) and 0.72 (0.44 - 1.18). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study did not support the hypothesis that dairy products consumption protects against MetS and its components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ghotboddin Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Parvin Mirmiran, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122357484, Fax: +98-2122416264; 22402463, E-mail:
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Esmaili H, Bahreynian M, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Heshmat R, Kelishadi R. Prevalence of General and Abdominal Obesity in a Nationally Representative Sample of Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015. [PMID: 26199707 PMCID: PMC4505989 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.25(3)2015.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric obesity is one of the predisposing risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to estimate the national prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among Iranian children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional nation-wide study was performed in 30 provinces in Iran among 14880 school students aged 6 - 18 years, selected by multistage random cluster sampling. The World Health Organization growth curve was used to categorize Body Mass Index (BMI). Obesity was defined as BMI equal to or higher than the age- and gender-specific 95(th) percentile; abdominal obesity was considered as waist-to-height ratio of more than 0.5. RESULTS Data of 13486 out of 14880 invited students were complete (response rate of 90.6%). They consisted of 6543 girls and 75.6% urban residents, and had a mean age of 12.45 (95% CI: 12.40 - 12.51) years. The prevalence rate of general and abdominal obesity was 11.89% (13.58% of boys vs. 10.15% of girls) and 19.12% (20.41% of boys vs. 17.79% of girls), respectively. The highest frequency of obesity was found in the middle school students (13.87% general and 20.84% abdominal obesity). The highest prevalence of general obesity was found in Boushehr (19%) followed by Guilan and Mazandaran (18.3%, 18.3%), while the lowest prevalence was observed in Hormozgan (2.6%). The highest frequency of abdominal obesity was found in Mazandaran (30.2%), Ardabil (29.2%) and Tehran (27.9%). Provinces such as Sistan-Baloochestan (8.4%), Hormozagan (7.4%), and Kerman (11.4%) had the lowest prevalence of abdominal obesity. The Southern and South Eastern provinces had the lowest prevalence of general obesity (2.6% and 5.6%) and abdominal obesity (7.4% and 8.8%). Moreover, the highest prevalence of obesity was found in North and North West Iran by maximum frequency of 18.3% general obesity and 30.2% of abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a high prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among boys living in the Northern provinces of Iran. The present study provides insights that policy makers should consider action-oriented interventions for prevention and control of childhood obesity at national and sub-national level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Esmaili
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth, Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth, Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IR Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Roya Kelishadi, Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3137923077, Fax: +98-3136687898, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bahreynian M, Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Kasaeian A, Ardalan G, Rad TA, Najafi F, Asayesh H, Heshmat R. Weight disorders and anthropometric indices according to socioeconomic status of living place in Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:440-53. [PMID: 26487872 PMCID: PMC4590198 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.163960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight in children and adolescents is a multi-factorial phenomenon and associated with earlier risk of obesity-related diseases. This study aims to assess the prevalence of weight disorders and the mean values of anthropometric indices according to regional, socioeconomic, and urban-rural variations among Iranian children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This nationwide study was performed in 2011-2012 among a representative multi-stage cluster sample of 14,880 Iranian students aged 6-8 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) reference curves were used to define weight disorders. Abdominal obesity was defined as the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of more than 0.5. Iran was classified into four regions according to the socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS The mean (95% confidence interval) of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) was 18.8 (18.7, 18.9) kg/m(2), 67.0 (66.7, 67.3) cm, and 80.8 (80.3, 81.2) cm, respectively. The prevalence of underweight was 12.2%. A total of 9.7%, 11.9%, and 19.1% of students overweight, obese, and abdominally obese, respectively. The highest mean of BMI, WC, wrist circumference, HC, and WHtR were related to the second high SES (North-northeast) area (19.2 [18.8, 19.5], 68.3 [67.3, 69.4], 14.8 [14.7, 15.0], 82.6 [81.1, 84.0], and 0.464 [0.460, 0.468]). In contrast, the lowest SES (Southeast) region had the lowest mean of these anthropometric indices (17.6 [17.1, 18.2], 63.2 [61.7, 64.8], 14.5 [14.2, 14.8], 76.9 [74.9, 79.0], and 0.439 [0.434, 0.444]). CONCLUSION We found considerable differences in the prevalence of anthropometric measures throughout the country by SES of the region. Health policy making and implementing health strategies should consider SES of regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahreynian
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Amir Kasaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Department of School Health, Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Arefi Rad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Najafi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergency, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guedes DP, Almeida FN, Neto JTM, Maia MDFDM, Tolentino TM. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2015; 31:437-43. [PMID: 24473947 PMCID: PMC4183030 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822013000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thatiana Maia Tolentino
- Secretaria Municipal de Juventude, Esporte e Lazer de Montes Claros, Montes ClarosMG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jafari-Adli S, Jouyandeh Z, Qorbani M, Soroush A, Larijani B, Hasani-Ranjbar S. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in adults and children in Iran; a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:121. [PMID: 25610814 PMCID: PMC4301060 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most important underlying risk factors for chronic disease. Dramatically increasing and following complication of obesity should be alerted to health politicians and practitioners to prevent associated health risks. This review aimed to give a better insight into the prevalence of obesity and overweight in different areas of Iran. METHOD All published internal (SID, Irandoc, Iranmedex), and international (Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, Scopus) source studies, reported the prevalence of overweight/obesity among normal population samples, during Jan 2005 through Jan 2014, were assessed in this review. Paper selection processes were done by two researchers separately. Studies which met the eligible criteria were included in this review. RESULT One hundred ninety three eligible studies enter into our review. Of 193 final selected studies, 86 (15 national, 71 sub national) of them were reported the prevalence of obesity/overweight in adult, and 107 studies (11 national, 96 sub national) in under-18 by individual. The range of overweight and obesity prevalence in national studies in adult, was 27.0-38.5 (95% CI: 26.8-27.1, 37.2-39.8), and 12.6-25.9 (95% CI: 12.2-13.0, 24.9-26.8), separately. In under-18 the range of overweight and obesity prevalence in national studies were 5.0-13.5 (95% CI: 4.5-5.5, 13.4-13.6), and 3.2-11.9 (95% CI: 3.0-3.4, 11.3-12.4). CONCLUSION Obesity as an important public health problem has been discussed in recent few decades worldwide. Although the national reported prevalence of obesity in Iran was not considerably diverse, but remarkable differences were seen in the sub national prevalence which must be noticed more in political health programs especially among women and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Jafari-Adli
- />Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jouyandeh
- />Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- />Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- />Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Soroush
- />Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- />Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor of Shariati Hospital, North Karegar St., P.O Box 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- />Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor of Shariati Hospital, North Karegar St., P.O Box 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahadi Z, Shafiee G, Qorbani M, Sajedinejad S, Kelishadi R, Arzaghi SM, Larijani B, Heshmat R. An overview on the successes, challenges and future perspective of a national school-based surveillance program: the CASPIAN study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:120. [PMID: 25614853 PMCID: PMC4302132 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN) study is implemented in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2003. The aim of this national school- based surveillance program was to provide accurate data of regular surveys of this program to be reviewing methodology, protocols, data collection and questionnaires of these surveys. Information was obtained from articles and books were published from CASPIAN studies. The CASPIAN studies were repeated every two years, with blood sampling for biochemical factors every four years. Methods and questionnaires of all surveys were similar at their core level and some optional factors added in different surveys. The results of CASPIAN studies represent the public health of Iranian children and adolescents that are useful for policy makers and based on them, intervention programs can set in national and sub-national level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ahadi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sima Sajedinejad
- National Professional Officer, World Health Organization Office in Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Arzaghi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
O'Dea JA, Dibley MJ. Prevalence of obesity, overweight and thinness in Australian children and adolescents by socioeconomic status and ethnic/cultural group in 2006 and 2012. Int J Public Health 2014; 59:819-28. [PMID: 25189733 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of obesity, overweight and thinness, by sex, SES and ethnic background in 2006 and 2012. METHODS Large national surveys of school students were conducted. Height/weight was measured. The outcomes were height, weight, BMI, thinness, overweight and obesity (IOTF), SES and ethnicity. RESULTS Obesity in 2006 and 2012 in boys and girls was 7.5 and 7.1 %, and 5.8 and 5.6 %; being overweight was 17.7 and 18.5 %, and 18.9 and 18.7 %; thinness was 3.8 and 4.6 %, and 5.0 and 6.0 %. Independent predictors of obesity in 2006 and 2012 were being Pacific Islander (OR 5.03, 5.66), Middle Eastern (OR 3.64, 1.50), aboriginal (OR 2.43 in 2012 only), African (OR 1.99 2012 only), Southern European (OR 1.75, 1.72), low SES (OR 2.22, 2.20), middle SES (OR 1.52, 1.60), female (OR 0.77, 0.82) and adolescent (OR 1.08, 2012 only). Predictors of thinness in 2006 and 2012 were ethnicity: Indian (OR 5.29, 1.96), African (OR 2.71, 2006 only), Asian (OR 1.69, 1.57) and female (OR 1.30, 1.27). CONCLUSIONS The predictors of obesity and thinness were ethnically based, suggesting culturally appropriate interventions in socially and economically disadvantaged communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A O'Dea
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, Building A35, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mahmood S, Perveen T, Dino A, Ibrahim F, Mehraj J. Effectiveness of school-based intervention programs in reducing prevalence of overweight. Indian J Community Med 2014; 39:87-93. [PMID: 24963224 PMCID: PMC4067935 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.132724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of school-based interventions program in reducing the prevalence of overweight or obesity among schoolchildren. Data source: Ovid Medline (1950-December 2012), Embase (1980-2012), CINAHL (1982-2012), secondary references, review articles, and expert in the field. Study selection: All published clinical trials were eligible for study if were randomized, methodologically strong-based on a validity assessment, aimed to evaluate a school-based intervention for childhood overweight or obesity, and measured outcome in term of prevalence/incidence difference in overweight and obesity among both groups. Studies involved in cost-effective analysis of school-based intervention have been excluded. Data from eligible studies abstracted and pooled for relative risk. Results: Five trials with 3,904 schoolchildren were included. Mean age of the students (boys and girls) ranges 8.6-12.6 years. Meta-analysis showed a statistical significance beneficial effect of school-based intervention programs on obesity status of schoolchildren (risk ratio (RR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.78) and suggested 42% reduction in prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren through school-based intervention programs. Individual studies also showed effectiveness of these school-based interventions. Conclusion: School-based intervention programs are effective in prevention of childhood overweight and obesity problem and our results quantitatively supported this argument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mahmood
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tahira Perveen
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Allah Dino
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Faisa Ibrahim
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jaishri Mehraj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kelishadi R, Amiri M, Motlagh ME, Taslimi M, Ardalan G, Rouzbahani R, Poursafa P. Growth disorders among 6-year-old Iranian children. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e6761. [PMID: 25068062 PMCID: PMC4102995 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sociodemographic factors are important determinants of weight disorders. National representative studies provide a view on this health problem at national and regional levels. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the distribution of growth disorders in terms of body mass index (BMI) and height in 6-year-old Iranian children using geographical information system (GIS). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were examined in a mandatory national screening program in 2009. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, and short stature. Then, ArcGIS software was used to draw the figures. Results: The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5% girls and 76.5% urban). Overall, 20% of children were underweight, and 14.3% had high BMI, consisted of 10.9% overweight and 3.4% obese. The corresponding figure for short stature was 6.6%; however, these growth disorders were not equally distributed across various provinces. Conclusions: Our results confirmed unequal distribution of BMI and height of 6-year-old children in Iran generally and in most of its provinces particularly. The differences among provinces cannot be fully explained by the socioeconomic pattern. These findings necessitate a comprehensive national policy with provincial evidence-based programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Masoud Amiri
- Social Health Determinants Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Masoud Amiri, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Health Determinants Research Center, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3116691216, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
- Bureau of Family Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Taslimi
- Bureau of Health and Fitness, Ministry of Education and Training, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Bureau of Family Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Rouzbahani
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Talaie-Zanjani A, Faraji F, Rafie M, Mohammadbeigi A. A comparative study of nutritional status and foodstuffs in adolescent girls in iran. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:38-43. [PMID: 24669328 PMCID: PMC3952294 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents is increasing world-wide. Obesity in children and adolescents is a major risk factor for diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, and cancer in adulthood. AIM The aim of the study was to compare the nutritional status and food-stuffs among high-school girls in Arak, Iran, in matter of body mass index (BMI) and associated factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 278 adolescents was conducted in six randomly chosen high-schools. Height and weight of students were collected using standard methods and the BMI calculated and BMI percentiles of these girls are compared with the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference data. The 5(th), 8(th), and 95(th) percentiles of the CDC were adopted as cut-off points for underweight, overweight and obese girls, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS by analysis of variance and Chi-square tests. RESULTS On the basis of CDC, the overall prevalence rates of underweight, overweight, and obesity were estimated 10.1% (28/278), 12.9% (36/278), and 1.4% (4/278), respectively. There was no significant difference between nutritional knowledge scores and the rate of physical activities in various groups. The mean age at menarche was significantly higher among the obese girls (P = 0.02). Consumption of ice-cream and chocolate was significantly higher in the obese girls group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION According to the present study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in high-school girls of Arak is lower than that of many other parts of Iran and some neighboring countries, which are at the high-risk of overweight and obesity. This study warrants the necessity of paying attention to promote healthy life-style and weight control. The earlier age of menarche is alarming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Talaie-Zanjani
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran
| | - F Faraji
- Department of Neurology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - M Rafie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - A Mohammadbeigi
- Health Policy and Promotion Research Center Department of Epidemiology, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rahmanian M, Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Shafiee G, Aminaee T, Ardalan G, Taslimi M, Poursafa P, Asayesh H, Larijani B, Heshmat R. Dual burden of body weight among Iranian children and adolescents in 2003 and 2010: the CASPIAN-III study. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:96-103. [PMID: 24701221 PMCID: PMC3953979 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.40735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to compare changes of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) curves of Iranian children by comparing the results of two national surveys of a surveillance program, i.e. CASPIAN-I (2003-2004) and CASPIAN-III (2009-2010). The second objective was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight among 10-18-year-old Iranian children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was performed among students who were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from urban and rural areas of 27 provinces of Iran, as part of a national survey of school student high risk behavior entitled CASPIAN-III, conducted in 2009-2010. RESULTS We evaluated 5088 school students (50.2% boys). In rural areas, underweight was more common in boys and overweight and obesity in girls. In urban areas underweight and obesity were more common in boys, whereas overweight was more common in girls. The highest prevalence of underweight (23.5%) was seen in students aged 13 years and the lowest (11.4%) in those aged 18 years. Underweight was significantly more common in rural than in urban areas (22.1% vs. 15.8%, respectively, p < 0.0001) and overweight/obesity was more common in urban than in rural areas. Compared with the findings in 2003-2004, the overall prevalence of elevated body mass index (16.6%) including obesity (9.1%) and overweight (7.5%) as well as underweight (17.5%) increased from 2003 to 2010. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, the double burden of nutritional disorders has increased among Iranian children and adolescents, especially in rural areas. This change may be related to epidemiologic transition, notably in terms of nutrition transition and rapid changes in lifestyle habits. This finding is an important issue for policy-makers for interventional preventive programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmanian
- Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
- Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CDRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Aminaee
- Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Taslimi
- Bureau of Health and Fitness, Ministry of Education and Training, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CDRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kavehmanesh Z, Saburi A, Maavaiyan A. Comparison of body mass index on children with functional constipation and healthy controls. J Family Med Prim Care 2014; 2:222-6. [PMID: 24479087 PMCID: PMC3902676 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.120715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constipation is one of the most common pediatric disorders, especially in developed population, which categorized to organic or functional (non-organic) constipation. Furthermore, obesity is a growing chronic pediatric problem that could cause any compromise in weight and height. The aim of this study is the evaluation of probable relation between obesity and pediatric functional constipation. Methods: This study was conducted as a case-control investigation on 2-14-years-old children those referred to Baqiyatallah University clinic during 2009-2011. The constipated children with organic causes were excluded. The control group of children was those who had not any disorders affecting on height and weight. Quantitative variables were expressed by mean and standard deviation and the correlation was tested with chi2 through SPSS version 17. Results: A total of 259 children (male 51.7%) consisting 124 cases and 135 controls were enrolled. The mean age in constipated and normal children was 69.47 ± 35.03 and 74.15 ± 39.68, respectively. BMI over 95% in the control group was 11.9% and in the constipated group was 17.7% that the difference was not statistically significant either (P = 0.188). The only significant association was found between obesity and the duration of constipation and also age (P = 0.008, 0.042, respectively). Conclusion: Although we found a significant relationship between duration of constipation and obesity, there was not a clear association between obesity and presence of constipation. Furthermore, we suggest extended cohort or clinical trial study regarding to the regional nutritional and growth patterns to confirm weight decrease or increase the effect on defecation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Kavehmanesh
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine and Research Center of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Saburi
- Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Centre, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Maavaiyan
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rouhani MH, Kelishadi R, Hashemipour M, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Glycemic index, glycemic load and childhood obesity: A systematic review. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:47. [PMID: 24627855 PMCID: PMC3949335 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several evidences have been reported so far in terms of the relationship between obesity and glycemic index and glycemic load in children. However, the number of review studies that have dealt with recent findings is quite low. The purpose of present study is to review the existing evidences in this regard. Materials and Methods: First of all, the phrases: “Glycaemic index”, “Glycaemic load”, “Glycemic index” OR “Glycemic load” accompanied by one of the words: “Adolescent”, “Young”, “Youth” “Children” OR “Child” were searched in texts of articles existing in ISI and PUBMED databases which were obtained out of 1001 articles. Among these, some articles, which reviewed the relationship of obesity with glycemic index and glycemic load, were selected. Finally, 20 articles were studied in current review study. Results: The majority of cross-sectional studies have found children's obesity directly linked with glycemic index and glycemic load; however, cohort studies found controversial results. Also, the intervention studies indicate the negative effect of glycemic index and glycemic load on obesity in children. Conclusion: Published evidences reported inconsistent results. It seems that existing studies are not sufficient and more studies are needed in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|