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Hemmer W, Sestak‐Greinecker G, Braunsteiner T, Wantke F, Wöhrl S. Molecular sensitization patterns in animal allergy: Relationship with clinical relevance and pet ownership. Allergy 2021; 76:3687-3696. [PMID: 33914361 DOI: 10.1111/all.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro diagnosis using single molecules is increasingly complementing conventional extract-based diagnosis. We explored in routine patients with animal allergy to what extent molecules can explain polysensitization and identify primary sensitizers and how individual IgE patterns correlate with previous pet ownership and clinical relevance. METHODS Serum samples from 294 children and adults with suspect allergic rhino-conjunctivitis or asthma and a positive skin prick test to cat, dog and/or horse were tested by ImmunoCAP for IgE antibodies against eleven different allergens from cat (Fel d 1,2,4,7), dog (Can f 1,2,3,4,5,6) and horse (Equ c 1). RESULTS Patients monosensitized to cat (40.8%) or dog (6.1%) showed simple IgE patterns dominated by Fel d 1 (93%) and Can f 5 (67%), respectively. Double-sensitization to cat+dog (25.9%), cat+horse (5.4%) and polysensitization (20.7%) was associated with an increasing prevalence of the cross-reactive lipocalins Fel d 4/Can f 6/Equ c 1 and Fel d 7/Can f 1. While these lipocalins were not reliable markers for genuine sensitization per se, comparison of sIgE levels may give a clue on the primary sensitizer. Sensitizations to dog appeared to result from cross-reactivity with cat in 48%, with half of these sensitizations lacking clinical relevance. Individual sensitization patterns strongly mirrored current or previous pet ownership with the exception of Fel d 1 which regularly caused sensitization also in non-owners. CONCLUSIONS Allergen components can reasonably illuminate the molecular basis of animal (poly)sensitization in the majority of patients and are helpful in distinguishing between primary sensitization and sometimes less relevant cross-reactivity.
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Popescu FD, Ganea CS, Panaitescu C, Vieru M. Molecular diagnosis in cat allergy. World J Methodol 2021; 11:46-60. [PMID: 34026578 PMCID: PMC8127422 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic cats represent one of the most common sources of indoor allergens. All over the world, many households own cats, whose allergens are persistent and widespread. Cat allergy itself is frequent, and its symptoms vary from rhinoconjunctivitis to life-threatening asthma. In vitro diagnosis using precision medicine allergy immunoassays is important because natural cat dander extracts may differ in quality and quantity of some of the individual allergen components and other molecules. In the component-resolved diagnosis of cat allergy, singleplex and multiplex specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E assays include use of the cat-specific major allergen, secretoglobin Fel d 1 (as a species-specific molecule), other allergen components (such as lipocalins Fel d 4, cross-reacting with other animal similar molecules, and Fel d 7, present in small quantities in natural extracts), and serum albumin Fel d 2 (related to the cat-pork syndrome). IgA Fel d 5 and IgM Fel d 6 are not available as allergen components in the current commercial IgE immunoassays, but they may impair the in vitro diagnostic evaluation of cat allergy because galactose-α1,3-galactose is an IgE-binding epitope of these native feline allergens. The benefits of molecular-based cat allergy diagnosis are continually evaluated, as the role of recombinant allergen components already known is detailed and new other molecules of interest may be discovered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin-Dan Popescu
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 022441, Romania
- Department of Allergology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 022441, Romania
| | - Carmen Saviana Ganea
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 022441, Romania
| | - Carmen Panaitescu
- Department III Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara 300041, Romania
- Center for Gene and Cell Therapies in Cancer Treatment OncoGen-SCJUPB Timisoara, Timișoara 300041, Romania
| | - Mariana Vieru
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 022441, Romania
- Department of Allergology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 022441, Romania
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Chen H, Huang Z, Luo W, Li W, Zheng P, Hu H, Sun B. Sensitization to Furry Animals and Clinical Relevance of House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Guangzhou, China. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:488-498. [PMID: 32516776 DOI: 10.1159/000506594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of furry animal allergens on house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) is unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the co-sensitization and cross-sensitization of furry animal allergens and assess their clinical relevance with HDM-induced AR. METHODS We enrolled 268 patients with HDM-induced AR who were diagnosed with skin prick tests positive for dogs and/or cats. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for dogs (e1) and cats (e2), their components (Can f 1-5 and Fel d 1-2), and other uncommon furry animal extracts were measured. Symptoms and quality of life were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS The VAS scores for the AR and asthma (AS; n = 166), moderate-to-severe persistent-AR (n = 132), and e1P (positive)-e2P (n = 89) groups were higher than those for single AR (n = 102), other AR classifications, and other AR sensitization profiles, respectively. The IgE positivity rates for components such as Can f 1-3 and Fel d 2 and those for rats, sheep, mice, cows, and horses were highest in e1P-e2P patients. Can f 1-4, Fel d 1, Fel d 2, or the combined allergens were positively correlated with VAS scores. AR combined with AS and sensitization to Can f 4, Fel d 1, or mice were risk factors for HDM-induced AR with VAS scores ≥5. CONCLUSIONS Extensive cross-sensitization or co-sensitization was found between Can f 1-3, Fel d 2, or rat, sheep, mouse, cow, and horse extracts. Higher sIgE levels for Can f 1-4 and Fel d 1-2 or a higher number of furry animal allergens lead to more severe symptoms and a reduced quality of life. Combined with AS, sensitization to Can f 4, Fel d 1, or mice were risk factors for moderate-to-severe HDM-induced AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanjia Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Haisheng Hu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China,
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Dolgova AS, Sudina AE, Cherkashina AS, Stukolova OA. Component-resolved microarray analysis of IgE sensitization profiles to Felis catus major allergen molecules in Russian cat-allergic patients. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 78:81-86. [PMID: 29228796 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1414955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the profile of IgE reactivity to three major cat allergens, Fel d 1, Fel d 2 and Fel d 4, in cat-allergic patients in the Moscow region in Russia. sIgE levels to recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli (Fel d 1 and Fel d 4) and to Fel d 2 protein purified from cat serum were measured using a microarray method developed in our laboratory. Sera from 174 anonymous subjects with a positive reaction (≥0.35 IU/mL) to cat dander extract (e1, ImmunoCAP) and 56 negative controls were used for IgE testing. Fel d 1 was recognized by 92.5%, Fel d 2 by 29.9% and Fel d 4 by 39.1% of the tested patient sera. The sensitivity to these three proteins was approximately 98% compared to cat dander extract (correlation coefficient to ImmunoCAP is 0.94 with PPV = 0.99 and NPV = 0.95). These predictive values appeared to be even more statistically significant than the divergence between the ISAC IgE test and the extract-based singleplex ImmunoCAP. The combination of the three investigated proteins (Fel d 1, Fel d 2 and Fel d 4) is suitable for in vitro molecular (serological) diagnosis of cat allergy in this region as a complement to cat dander extract. Moreover, with this method, we found distinction between Fel d 2 and other Feline sIgEs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sergeevna Dolgova
- a Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology Department , Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Anna Evgenevna Sudina
- a Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology Department , Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Olga Alekseevna Stukolova
- a Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology Department , Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , Moscow , Russia.,b Research Institute of Occupational Health , Moscow , Russia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen extracts are still widely used in allergy diagnosis as they are regarded as sensitive screening tools despite the fact that they may lack some minor allergens. Another drawback of extracts is their low specificity, which is due to the presence of cross-reactive allergens. Progress in allergen identification has disclosed a number of allergenic molecules of homologous sequence and structure which are present in different animal species. This review summarizes recent advances in mammalian and fish allergen identification and focuses on their clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS Serum albumins and parvalbumins are well-known animal panallergens. More recently several members of the lipocalin family were found to be cross-reactive between furry animals whereas in fish, additional allergens, enolase, aldolase and collagen, were found to be important and cross-reactive allergens. New epidemiological studies have analysed the prevalence and clinical relevance of mammalian and fish components. Primary sensitization can be distinguished from cross-sensitization by using marker allergens. Although substantial progress has been made in allergen identification, only few markers are commercially available for routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Gawrońska-Ukleja E, Żbikowska-Gotz M, Socha E, Lis K, Sokołowski Ł, Kuźmiński A, Bartuzi Z. Analysis of feline and canine allergen components in patients sensitized to pets. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27956908 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0167-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component resolved allergen diagnosis allows for a precise evaluation of the sensitization profiles of patients sensitized to felines and canines. An accurate interpretation of these results allows better insight into the evolution of a given patients sensitizations, and allows for a more precise evaluation of their prognoses. METHODS 70 patients (42 women and 28 men, aged 18-65, with the average of 35.5) with a positive feline or canine allergy diagnosis were included in the research group. 30 patients with a negative allergy diagnosis were included in the control group. The total IgE levels of all patients with allergies as well as their allergen-specific IgE to feline and canine allergens were measured. Specific IgE levels to canine (Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 5) and feline (Fel d 1, Fel d 2, Fel d 4) allergen components were also measured with the use of the ImmunoCap method. RESULTS Monosensitization for only one canine or feline component was found in 30% of patients. As predicted, the main feline allergen was Fel d 1, which sensitized as many as 93.9% of patients sensitized to felines. Among 65 patients sensitized to at least one feline component, for 30 patients (46.2%) the only sensitizing feline component was Fel d 1. Only 19 patients in that group (63.3%) were not simultaneously sensitized to dogs and 11 (36.7%), the isolated sensitization to feline Fel d 1 notwithstanding, displayed concurrent sensitizations to one of the canine allergen components. Fel d 4 sensitized 49.2% of the research group.64.3% of patients sensitized to canine components had heightened levels of specific IgE to Can f 1. Monosensitization in that group occurred for 32.1% of the patients. Sensitization to Can f 5 was observed among 52.4% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent sensitizations to a few allergic components, not only cross-reactive but also originating in different protein families, are a significant problem for patients sensitized to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Gawrońska-Ukleja
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żbikowska-Gotz
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Socha
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Lis
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sokołowski
- Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kuźmiński
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Gawrońska-Ukleja E, Żbikowska-Gotz M, Socha E, Lis K, Sokołowski Ł, Kuźmiński A, Bartuzi Z. Analysis of feline and canine allergen components in patients sensitized to pets. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016; 12:61. [PMID: 27956908 PMCID: PMC5129236 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Component resolved allergen diagnosis allows for a precise evaluation of the sensitization profiles of patients sensitized to felines and canines. An accurate interpretation of these results allows better insight into the evolution of a given patients sensitizations, and allows for a more precise evaluation of their prognoses. Methods 70 patients (42 women and 28 men, aged 18–65, with the average of 35.5) with a positive feline or canine allergy diagnosis were included in the research group. 30 patients with a negative allergy diagnosis were included in the control group. The total IgE levels of all patients with allergies as well as their allergen-specific IgE to feline and canine allergens were measured. Specific IgE levels to canine (Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 5) and feline (Fel d 1, Fel d 2, Fel d 4) allergen components were also measured with the use of the ImmunoCap method. Results Monosensitization for only one canine or feline component was found in 30% of patients. As predicted, the main feline allergen was Fel d 1, which sensitized as many as 93.9% of patients sensitized to felines. Among 65 patients sensitized to at least one feline component, for 30 patients (46.2%) the only sensitizing feline component was Fel d 1. Only 19 patients in that group (63.3%) were not simultaneously sensitized to dogs and 11 (36.7%), the isolated sensitization to feline Fel d 1 notwithstanding, displayed concurrent sensitizations to one of the canine allergen components. Fel d 4 sensitized 49.2% of the research group.64.3% of patients sensitized to canine components had heightened levels of specific IgE to Can f 1. Monosensitization in that group occurred for 32.1% of the patients. Sensitization to Can f 5 was observed among 52.4% of the patients. Conclusions Concurrent sensitizations to a few allergic components, not only cross-reactive but also originating in different protein families, are a significant problem for patients sensitized to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Gawrońska-Ukleja
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żbikowska-Gotz
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Socha
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Lis
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sokołowski
- Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kuźmiński
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, NCU, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Park HS, Shim J, Cho EY, Myoung C, Lee S, Kwon YJ, Lee SM, Park JW, Jeong SH, Lee SP. Sensitization to animal allergens and allergic symptoms during exposure to them in Korean veterinary researchers. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.6.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Suk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jungwoo Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chana Myoung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sojung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Pomés A, Chruszcz M, Gustchina A, Wlodawer A. Interfaces between allergen structure and diagnosis: know your epitopes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:506. [PMID: 25750181 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Allergy diagnosis is based on the patient's clinical history and can be strengthened by tests that confirm the origin of sensitization. In the past 25 years, these tests have evolved from the exclusive in vivo or in vitro use of allergen extracts, to complementary molecular-based diagnostics that rely on in vitro measurements of IgE reactivity to individual allergens. For this to occur, an increase in our understanding of the molecular structure of allergens, largely due to the development of technologies such as molecular cloning and expression of recombinant allergens, X-ray crystallography, or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), has been essential. New in vitro microarray or multiplex systems are now available to measure IgE against a selected panel of purified natural or recombinant allergens. The determination of the three-dimensional structure of allergens has facilitated detailed molecular studies, including the analysis of antigenic determinants for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pomés
- Basic Research, Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., 1216 Harris Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA,
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Pyrhönen K, Näyhä S, Läärä E. Dog and cat exposure and respective pet allergy in early childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26:247-255. [PMID: 25735463 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of dog and cat exposure in early childhood with the incidence of respective allergies has remained controversial. The aim of the study was to obtain population-based evidence on the association of early exposure to dog or cat, or both, with dog and cat allergies. METHODS The study population was identified from the nationwide population register comprising all children aged 1-4 yr (N = 4779) born between 2001 and 2005 and living in the province of South Karelia, Finland. Cross-sectional questionnaire data on pet exposure in infancy and physician-diagnosed pet allergies were obtained from 3024 participants and merged with longitudinally accumulated data on sIgE and skin prick tests indicating allergic sensitization abstracted from all patient records in the area. RESULTS The adjusted relative incidence of positive test results (with 95% confidence intervals) was 2.69 (1.45-5.02) for dog and 5.03 (2.47-10.2) for cat allergens among children exposed to a respective pet alone compared with children without such exposure. The corresponding adjusted prevalence odds ratios for diagnosed dog and cat allergies were 1.75 (0.77-3.79) and 5.13 (2.30-11.4), respectively. The association between pet exposure and the incidence of positive test results was independent of parents' allergies. CONCLUSIONS Early exposure to dog and cat at home is associated with a higher incidence of respective pet allergy during the first four years of life. Further evidence from population-based studies with longer follow-up is required to justify any recommendation concerning early pet contacts with a view to preventing pet allergies later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Pyrhönen
- Centre for Lifecourse Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,South Karelia District of Social and Health Services, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Simo Näyhä
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esa Läärä
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Nilsson OB, van Hage M, Grönlund H. Mammalian-derived respiratory allergens - implications for diagnosis and therapy of individuals allergic to furry animals. Methods 2013; 66:86-95. [PMID: 24041755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Furry animals cause respiratory allergies in a significant proportion of the population. A majority of all mammalian allergens are spread as airborne particles, and several have been detected in environments where furry animals are not normally kept. The repertoire of allergens from each source belongs to a restricted number of allergen families. Classification of allergen families is particularly important for the characterization of allergenicity and cross-reactivity of allergens. In fact, major mammalian allergens are taken from only three protein families, i.e. the secretoglobin, lipocalin and kallikrein families. In particular, the lipocalin superfamily harbours major allergens in all important mammalian allergen sources, and cross-reactivity between lipocalin allergens may explain cross-species sensitization between mammals. The identification of single allergen components is of importance to improve diagnosis and therapy of allergic patients using component-resolved diagnostics and allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) respectively. Major disadvantages with crude allergen extracts for these applications emphasize the benefits of careful characterization of individual allergens. Furthermore, detailed knowledge of the characteristics of an allergen is crucial to formulate attenuated allergy vaccines, e.g. hypoallergens. The diverse repertoires of individual allergens from different mammalian species influence the diagnostic potential and clinical efficacy of ASIT to furry animals. As such, detailed knowledge of individual allergens is essential for adequate clinical evaluation. This review compiles current knowledge of the allergen families of mammalian species, and discusses how this information may be used for improved diagnosis and therapy of individuals allergic to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola B Nilsson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Park YB, Mo EK, Lee JY, Kim JH, Kim CH, Hyun IG, Choi JH. Association between pet ownership and the sensitization to pet allergens in adults with various allergic diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 5:295-300. [PMID: 24003386 PMCID: PMC3756176 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.5.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose As pet ownership increases, sensitization to animal allergens due to domestic exposure is a concern. Sensitization to animal allergens may occur from indirect exposure, as well as direct ownership of animals. However, there have been conflicting results regarding the association between pet ownership and sensitization to animal allergens in adults. Methods In total, 401 patients with various allergic diseases were enrolled in this study. We performed skin prick tests with 55 common inhalant and food allergens, including dog, cat, and rabbit allergens. A mean wheal diameter of 3 mm or greater was considered a positive reaction. The exposure modality to each animal allergen was investigated using a questionnaire and included present ownership, past ownership, occupational exposure, occasional exposure, contact with pet owner, and no contact. Present ownership, past ownership, occupational, and occasional exposure were regarded as direct exposure. Results The sensitization rate for animal allergens was 20.4% for dog, 15.0% for cat, and 9.0% for rabbit. Direct exposure to dogs (72.0%) was significantly higher than that of other animals (18.4% for cats and 16.7% for rabbits), whereas 'no contact' with cats (78.3%) and rabbits (83.3%) was significantly higher than with dogs (26.8%; P<0.0001). Independent risk factors for sensitization to animal allergens were sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (OR=2.4, P=0.052), Dermatophagoides farinae (OR=5.1, P<0.001), cat (OR=4.4, P<0.0001), and direct exposure to dogs (OR=1.5, P=0.029) for dog, and sensitization to dog (OR=4.4, P<0.0001) and rabbit (OR=2.6, P=0.036) for cats. Finally, for rabbits, the independent risk factor was sensitization to Alternaria (OR=6.0, P<0.002). Conclusions These results suggest that direct exposure to dogs contributes to the sensitization to dog allergens in patients with allergic diseases, whereas indirect exposure to cats and rabbits may induce sensitization to each animal's allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bum Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea. ; Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Hilger C, Kler S, Arumugam K, Revets D, Muller CP, Charpentier C, Lehners C, Morisset M, Hentges F. Identification and isolation of a Fel d 1-like molecule as a major rabbit allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:759-66. [PMID: 23763973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbits are increasingly kept as domestic pets. Several rabbit allergens have been characterized. However, their sequences are still elusive, and none of these molecules are available for diagnosis. OBJECTIVE We sought to isolate major allergens from the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus and to investigate their importance in sensitized patients. METHODS Proteins were extracted from rabbit hair, and IgE-reactive proteins were purified by using sequential chromatography. Allergens were characterized by means of N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry. IgE reactivity to a new allergen was analyzed in sera of 35 patients sensitized to rabbits in a domestic setting. A model of the crystal structure of the isolated proteins was constructed. RESULTS A new IgE-reactive allergen, Ory c 3, was identified as rabbit lipophilin. The molecule that belongs to the secretoglobin family is a heterodimer of 18 to 19 kDa composed of 2 polypeptide chains, CL2 and AL. CL2 has a predicted N-linked glycosylation site confirmed by using mass spectrometry. Of the 35 patients with rabbit allergy studied, 27 (77%) had IgE to both the glycosylated and deglycosylated Ory c 3 heterodimer. Allergenicity of Ory c 3 was confirmed by using skin prick tests and the basophil activation assay. Modeling of the structure revealed a marked homology to Fel d 1, the major cat allergen. However, no IgE cross-reactivity was detected between Fel d 1 and Ory c 3. CONCLUSION The rabbit lipophilin heterodimer AL-CL2 has been identified as a major rabbit allergen. After Fel d 1, Ory c 3 is the second mammalian secretoglobin shown to be a major allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hilger
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Allergology, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg.
| | - Stéphanie Kler
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Allergology, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg
| | | | | | | | | | - Christiane Lehners
- National Unit of Immunology-Allergology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Martine Morisset
- National Unit of Immunology-Allergology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - François Hentges
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Allergology, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg; National Unit of Immunology-Allergology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Katelaris CH, Linneberg A, Magnan A, Thomas WR, Wardlaw AJ, Wark P. Developments in the field of allergy in 2010 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 41:1690-710. [PMID: 22107142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2010 over 200 articles were published in Clinical and Experimental Allergy including editorials, reviews, opinion articles, letters, book reviews and of course at the heart of the journal, papers containing original data which have moved the field of allergy forward on a number of fronts. For the third year running the editors felt it would be of value to summarize the key messages contained in these papers as a snapshot of where the cutting edge of research into allergic disease is leading. We have broadly followed the sections of the journal, although this year the mechanistic articles are grouped together and the studies involving experimental models of disease are discussed throughout the paper. In the field of asthma and rhinitis phenotypes and biomarkers continue to a major pre-occupation of our authors. There is continued interest in mechanisms of inflammation and disordered lung function with the mouse model of asthma continuing to offer new insights. There is also a steady flow of papers investigating new therapies, including those derived from plants and herbs, although many are mechanistic with too few high quality clinical trials. The mechanisms involved in allergic disease are well covered with many strong papers using clinical material to ask relevant questions. Pro-pre and snybiotics continue to be of major interest to our authors and this remains a controversial and complicated field. The discipline of epidemiology has retained its interest in risk factors for the development of allergic disease with a view to refining and debating the reasons for the allergy epidemic. There is continued interest in the relationship between helminthic disease and allergy with a new twist in 2010 involving studies using infection with helminths as a potential treatment. The genetics of allergic disease continues to be very productive, although the field has moved on from only investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes to Genome Wide Association Studies and an increasing and welcome emphasis on gene-environment interactions. In the field of clinical allergy there is steady flow of papers describing patterns of drug allergy with renewed interest in reactions to contrast media, but food allergy is the major area of interest in this section of the journal. Lastly in the field of allergens there is a growing interest in the role of component resolved diagnosis in improving the diagnosis and management of allergic disease. Another excellent year, full of fascinating and high quality work, which the journal has been proud to bring to the allergy community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Katelaris
- University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Portnoy J, Kennedy K, Sublett J, Phipatanakul W, Matsui E, Barnes C, Grimes C, Miller JD, Seltzer JM, Williams PB, Bernstein JA, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA, Lang DM, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J. Environmental assessment and exposure control: a practice parameter--furry animals. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 108:223.e1-15. [PMID: 22469456 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Portnoy J, Kennedy K, Sublett J, Phipatanakul W, Matsui E, Barnes C, Grimes C, Miller JD, Seltzer JM, Williams PB, Bernstein JA, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA, Lang DM, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J. Environmental assessment and exposure control: a practice parameter--furry animals. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012. [PMID: 22469456 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.02.015.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective is to discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of the indoor environment in asthma, focusing on the special role of cat allergens. RECENT FINDINGS Sensitization to Fel d 1 is the dominant event in inhalant responses to cat; however, there are also IgE responses to the lipocalin (Fel d 4), to cat albumin (Fel d 2), and to the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) on cat IgA (Fel d 5w) and other molecules. The dose response and routes of sensitization for these allergens are now thought to be diverse. It is important to remember that exposure outside a house with a cat is sufficient to cause sensitization. Furthermore, the only solid evidence about a role in asthma relates to Fel d 1. Recently, it has been shown that tolerance associated with early exposure to cats can persist to age 18 and that IgE to alpha-gal (on cat IgA) is not related to asthma. In addition, a recent study of anti-IgE reinforces the evidence that IgE antibodies to indoor allergens make a major contribution to asthma severity. SUMMARY Exposure to Fel d 1 in a home with a cat is far higher than the levels necessary to induce an allergic (IgE antibody) response. In keeping with that, children may develop tolerance, which can be long-lived. In addition, there is increasing evidence that IgE antibodies to an inhalant allergen, such as Fel d 1, dust mite, or cockroach, are causally related to lung inflammation and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby A. Kelly
- University of Virginia Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth A. Erwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, NationwideChildren's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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Hilger C, Swiontek K, Arumugam K, Lehners C, Hentges F. Identification of a new major dog allergen highly cross-reactive with Fel d 4 in a population of cat- and dog-sensitized patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:1149-51. [PMID: 22104604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Smith W, O'Neil SE, Hales BJ, Chai TLY, Hazell LA, Tanyaratsrisakul S, Piboonpocanum S, Thomas WR. Two newly identified cat allergens: the von Ebner gland protein Fel d 7 and the latherin-like protein Fel d 8. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 156:159-70. [PMID: 21576986 DOI: 10.1159/000322879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Characterization of the complete IgE binding spectrum of cat allergens is important for the development of improved diagnosis and effective immunotherapeutics. While Fel d 1 remains unchallenged as the major cat allergen, we now report the isolation of two new allergens capable of binding similar concentrations of IgE in the allergic sera of some individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cat tongue and submandibular salivary gland cDNA libraries were screened by DNA hybridisation and IgE immunoassay. The isolated DNA fragments were sub-cloned into an E. coli expression system and the IgE reactivity was examined with human cat-allergic sera using a DELFIA IgE quantitation assay. RESULTS Fel d 7, an 18 kDa von Ebner gland protein Can f 1 homologue, was isolated from the tongue library. Fel d 8, a 24-kDa latherin-like protein with homology to Equ c 5, was isolated from the submandibular library. The frequency of IgE binding of cat-allergic sera to recombinant Fel d 1, 7 and 8 was 60.5, 37.6 and 19.3%, respectively. Inhibition studies indicated some IgE binding cross-reactivity between Fel d 7 and dog dander extracts. DISCUSSION The study reports the isolation and characterization of two new cat allergens. The isolation of these allergens provides the opportunity to determine the role that IgE binding proteins other than Fel d 1 play in cat-allergic disease. For cat-allergic individuals with moderate to mild rhinoconjunctivitis these allergens may play a more important role in the manifestation of their allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Smith
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.
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Abstract
The prevalence of human allergy to pet danders has increased rapidly over the past six decades, as a consequence of lifestyle changes that have enhanced ambient exposure to pet allergens. This is a problem of global public health importance, as the morbidity associated with allergic diseases disproportionately affects socio-economically disadvantaged populations, particularly children. Although the public often seeks advice from veterinary health-care professionals regarding healthy pet ownership practices, including strategies for reducing residential pet dander exposure, many misconceptions persist in the public domain regarding pet dander allergy, such as the belief that certain dog and cat breeds are 'hypoallergenic' due to their hair/coat type. This review considers the epidemiology of human exposure to the major cat and dog dander allergens, Fel d 1 and Can f 1 respectively, and the sensitization mechanisms to them, including the hygiene hypothesis and the putative role of bacterial endotoxin. The literature regarding primary and secondary exposures in different ambient environments is explored including threshold effects that influence allergen sensitization and elicitation of symptoms, and environmental intervention strategies that seek to reduce allergen exposure. Pet-specific factors, including the aetiopathogenesis of the several cat and dog allergens that have been characterized to the molecular level, individual animal characteristics that influence Fel d 1 and Can f 1 shedding, and pet-directed interventions intended to reduce allergen dispersal, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Studies - Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Laukaitis CM, Heger A, Blakley TD, Munclinger P, Ponting CP, Karn RC. Rapid bursts of androgen-binding protein (Abp) gene duplication occurred independently in diverse mammals. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:46. [PMID: 18269759 PMCID: PMC2291036 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The draft mouse (Mus musculus) genome sequence revealed an unexpected proliferation of gene duplicates encoding a family of secretoglobin proteins including the androgen-binding protein (ABP) alpha, beta and gamma subunits. Further investigation of 14 alpha-like (Abpa) and 13 beta- or gamma-like (Abpbg) undisrupted gene sequences revealed a rich diversity of developmental stage-, sex- and tissue-specific expression. Despite these studies, our understanding of the evolution of this gene family remains incomplete. Questions arise from imperfections in the initial mouse genome assembly and a dearth of information about the gene family structure in other rodents and mammals. RESULTS Here, we interrogate the latest 'finished' mouse (Mus musculus) genome sequence assembly to show that the Abp gene repertoire is, in fact, twice as large as reported previously, with 30 Abpa and 34 Abpbg genes and pseudogenes. All of these have arisen since the last common ancestor with rat (Rattus norvegicus). We then demonstrate, by sequencing homologs from species within the Mus genus, that this burst of gene duplication occurred very recently, within the past seven million years. Finally, we survey Abp orthologs in genomes from across the mammalian clade and show that bursts of Abp gene duplications are not specific to the murid rodents; they also occurred recently in the lagomorph (rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus) and ruminant (cattle, Bos taurus) lineages, although not in other mammalian taxa. CONCLUSION We conclude that Abp genes have undergone repeated bursts of gene duplication and adaptive sequence diversification driven by these genes' participation in chemosensation and/or sexual identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Laukaitis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA and Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Andreas Heger
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tyler D Blakley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Pavel Munclinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert C Karn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, USA and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Basagaña M, Bartolomé B, Pastor C, Torres F, Alonso R, Vivanco F, Cisteró-Bahíma A. Allergy to human seminal fluid: cross-reactivity with dog dander. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 121:233-9. [PMID: 18061650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human seminal plasma (HSP) allergy is uncommon, with symptoms ranging from vulvovaginal pruritus to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Although several seminal plasma allergens have been reported and their molecular masses have been estimated to range between 12 and 75 kd, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has recently been identified as a causative allergen. Given that in a large number of cases symptoms appeared during or after the first intercourse, a cross-reactivity phenomenon might be implicated. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the presence of IgE cross-reactivity among proteins from dog epithelium and HSP and to attempt to identify the allergens involved. METHODS Forty-one patients with dog epithelium allergy were selected. One of them experienced anaphylaxis in contact with her husband's seminal plasma. Skin prick tests, serum specific IgE measurements, SDS-PAGE immunoblotting, and inhibition tests were performed to study the pattern of IgE-binding proteins and the potential cross-reactivity between HSP and dog epithelium. Mass spectrometry was carried out to identify the protein involved in allergy reactions. RESULTS Twenty-four percent of the sera from patients with dog epithelium allergy recognized an IgE-binding band of 28 kd in HSP immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry identified this band as the PSA. SDS-PAGE immunoblotting-inhibition showed a complete IgE-binding inhibition when sera from these patients were preincubated with dog dander extract. CONCLUSIONS IgE cross-reactivity among proteins from dog dander and human PSA is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Basagaña
- Allergy Department, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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