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Estravís M, García-Sánchez A, Martin MJ, Pérez-Pazos J, Isidoro-García M, Dávila I, Sanz C. RNY3 modulates cell proliferation and IL13 mRNA levels in a T lymphocyte model: a possible new epigenetic mechanism of IL-13 regulation. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:59-69. [PMID: 36089628 PMCID: PMC9905197 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is the most common type of asthma. It is characterized by TH2 cell-driven inflammation in which interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a pivotal role. Cytoplasmic RNAs (Y-RNAs), a variety of non-coding RNAs that are dysregulated in many cancer types, are also differentially expressed in patients with allergic asthma. Their function in the development of the disease is still unknown. We investigated the potential role of RNY3 RNA (hY3) in the TH2 cell inflammatory response using the Jurkat cell line as a model. hY3 expression levels were modulated to mimic the upregulation effect in allergic disease. We evaluated the effect of hY3 over cell stimulation and the expression of the TH2 cytokine IL13. Total RNA was isolated and retrotranscribed, and RNA levels were assessed by qPCR. In Jurkat cells, hY3 levels increased upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. When transfecting with high levels of hY3 mimic molecules, cell proliferation rate decreased while IL13 mRNA levels increased upon stimulation compared to stimulated control cells. Our results show the effect of increased hY3 levels on cell proliferation and the levels of IL13 mRNA in Jurkat cells. Also, we showed that hY3 could act over other cells via exosomes. This study opens up new ways to study the potential regulatory function of hY3 over IL-13 production and its implications for asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Estravís
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red Cooperativa de Investigación en Salud-RETICS ARADyAL, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción García-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
- Red Cooperativa de Investigación en Salud-RETICS ARADyAL, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Maria J Martin
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red Cooperativa de Investigación en Salud-RETICS ARADyAL, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Pérez-Pazos
- Unidad de Farmacogenética y Medicina de Precisión, Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red Cooperativa de Investigación en Salud-RETICS ARADyAL, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Dávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red Cooperativa de Investigación en Salud-RETICS ARADyAL, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Inmunoalergia, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Catalina Sanz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red Cooperativa de Investigación en Salud-RETICS ARADyAL, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Gargano D, Appanna R, Santonicola A, De Bartolomeis F, Stellato C, Cianferoni A, Casolaro V, Iovino P. Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns. Nutrients 2021; 13:1638. [PMID: 34068047 PMCID: PMC8152468 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated intolerances. However, this distinction and the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms are often confused. Furthermore, there is a discrepancy between the perceived vs. actual prevalence of immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune reactions to food that are extremely common. The risk of an inappropriate approach to their correct identification can lead to inappropriate diets with severe nutritional deficiencies. This narrative review provides an outline of the pathophysiologic and clinical features of immune and non-immune adverse reactions to food-along with general diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Special emphasis is placed on specific nutritional concerns for each of these conditions from the combined point of view of gastroenterology and immunology, in an attempt to offer a useful tool to practicing physicians in discriminating these diverging disease entities and planning their correct management. We conclude that a correct diagnostic approach and dietary control of both immune- and non-immune-mediated food-induced diseases might minimize the nutritional gaps in these patients, thus helping to improve their quality of life and reduce the economic costs of their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gargano
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (D.G.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Ramapraba Appanna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonella Santonicola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Fabio De Bartolomeis
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (D.G.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Paola Iovino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (V.C.)
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3
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Inhibition of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 Expression by IL-32θ in Human Monocytic Cells Requires PKCδ and STAT3 Association. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081949. [PMID: 31010051 PMCID: PMC6514684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32θ, a newly identified IL-32 isoform, has been reported to exert pro-inflammatory effects through the association with protein kinase C delta (PKCδ). In this study, we further examined the effects of IL-32θ on IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 expression and the related mechanism in THP-1 cells. Upon stimulating IL-32θ-expressing and non-expressing cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the previous microarray analysis showed that IL-13Rα2 and IL-13 mRNA expression were significantly decreased by IL-32θ. The protein expression of these factors was also confirmed to be down-regulated. The nuclear translocation of transcription factors STAT3 and STAT6, which are necessary for IL-13Rα2 and IL-13 promoter activities, was suppressed by IL-32θ. Additionally, a direct association was found between IL-32θ, PKCδ, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but not STAT6, revealing that IL-32θ might act mainly through STAT3 and indirectly affect STAT6. Moreover, the interaction of IL-32θ with STAT3 requires PKCδ, since blocking PKCδ activity eliminated the interaction and consequently limited the inhibitory effect of IL-32θ on STAT3 activity. Interfering with STAT3 or STAT6 binding by decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) identified that IL-32θ had additive effects with the STAT3 decoy ODN to suppress IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 mRNA expression. Taken together, our data demonstrate the intracellular interaction of IL-32θ, PKCδ, and STAT3 to regulate IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 synthesis, supporting the role of IL-32θ as an inflammatory modulator.
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Tian Y, Hao S, Ye M, Zhang A, Nan Y, Wang G, Jia Z, Yu K, Guo L, Pu P, Huang Q, Zhong Y. MicroRNAs let-7b/i suppress human glioma cell invasion and migration by targeting IKBKE directly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:307-12. [PMID: 25656572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that IKBKE is overexpressed in human gliomas and that the downregulation of IKBKE markedly inhibits the proliferative and invasive abilities of glioma cells, which is consistent with the results reported by several different research groups. Therefore, IKBKE represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma. In the present study, we verified that the microRNAs let-7b and let-7i target IKBKE through luciferase assays and found that let-7b/i mimics can knock down IKBKE and upregulate E-cadherin through western blot analysis. Moreover, the expression levels of let-7b/i were significantly lower in glioma cell lines than that in normal brain tissues, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, let-7b/i inhibit the invasion and migration of glioma cells, as determined through wound healing and Transwell assays. The above-mentioned data suggest that let-7b/i inhibit the invasive ability of glioma cells by directly downregulating IKBKE and indirectly upregulating E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Anling Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxiu Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifan Jia
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianmei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Pu
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China.
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5
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IKBKE phosphorylation and inhibition of FOXO3a: a mechanism of IKBKE oncogenic function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63636. [PMID: 23691078 PMCID: PMC3653944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are emerging as key regulators of cell survival and growth. The transcriptional activity and subcellular localization of FOXO are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications. Here we report that IKBKE regulates FOXO3a through phosphorylation of FOXO3a-Ser644. The phosphorylation of FOXO3a resulted in its degradation and nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation. Previous studies have shown that IKBKE directly activates Akt and that Akt inhibits FOXO3a by phosphorylation of Ser32, Ser253 and Ser315. However, the activity of Akt-nonphosphorytable FOXO3a-A3 (i.e., converting 3 serine residues to alanine) was inhibited by IKBKE. Furthermore, overexpression of IKBKE correlates with elevated levels of pFOXO3a-S644 in primary lung and breast tumors. IKBKE inhibits cellular function of FOXO3a and FOXO3a-A3 but, to a much less extent, of FOXO3a-S644A. These findings suggest that IKBKE regulates FOXO3a primarily through phosphorylation of SerS644 and that IKBKE exerts its cellular function, at least to some extent, through regulation of FOXO3a.
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Guo J, Kim D, Gao J, Kurtyka C, Chen H, Yu C, Wu D, Mittal A, Beg AA, Chellappan SP, Haura EB, Cheng JQ. IKBKE is induced by STAT3 and tobacco carcinogen and determines chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2013; 32:151-9. [PMID: 22330135 PMCID: PMC4109158 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase IKBKE is a newly identified oncogene; however, its regulation remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that IKBKE is a downstream target of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and that tobacco components induce IKBKE expression through STAT3. Ectopic expression of constitutively active STAT3 increased IKBKE mRNA and protein levels, whereas inhibition of STAT3 reduced IKBKE expression. Furthermore, expression levels of IKBKE are significantly associated with STAT3 activation and tobacco use history in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients examined. In addition, we show induction of IKBKE by two components of cigarette smoke, nicotine and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK). Upon exposure to nicotine or NNK, cells express high levels of IKBKE protein and mRNA, which are largely abrogated by inhibition of STAT3. Characterization of the IKBKE promoter revealed two STAT3-response elements. The IKBKE promoter directly bound to STAT3 and responded to nicotine and NNK stimulation. Notably, enforcing expression of IKBKE induces chemoresistance, whereas knockdown of IKBKE not only sensitizes NSCLC cells to chemotherapy but also abrogates STAT3- and nicotine-induced cell survival. These data indicate for the first time that IKBKE is a direct target of STAT3 and is induced by tobacco carcinogens through STAT3 pathway. In addition, our study also suggests that IKBKE is an important therapeutic target and could have a pivotal role in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D Kim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J Gao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - C Kurtyka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - C Yu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - A Mittal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - AA Beg
- Department of Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - SP Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - EB Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - JQ Cheng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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7
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Kiesler P, Haynes PA, Shi L, Kao PN, Wysocki VH, Vercelli D. NF45 and NF90 regulate HS4-dependent interleukin-13 transcription in T cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:8256-67. [PMID: 20051514 PMCID: PMC2832977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the cytokine interleukin-13 (IL13) is critical for Th2 immune responses and Th2-mediated allergic diseases. Activation of human IL13 expression involves chromatin remodeling and formation of multiple DNase I-hypersensitive sites throughout the locus. Among these, HS4 is detected in the distal IL13 promoter in both naive and polarized CD4(+) T cells. We show herein that HS4 acts as a position-independent, orientation-dependent positive regulator of IL13 proximal promoter activity in transiently transfected, activated human CD4(+) Jurkat T cells and primary murine Th2 cells. The 3'-half of HS4 (HS4-3') was responsible for IL13 up-regulation and bound nuclear factor (NF) 90 and NF45, as demonstrated by DNA affinity chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gel shift analysis. Notably, the CTGTT NF45/NF90-binding motif within HS4-3' was critical for HS4-dependent up-regulation of IL13 expression. Moreover, transfection of HS4-IL13 reporter vectors into primary, in vitro differentiated Th2 cells from wild-type, NF45(+/-), or NF90(+/-) mice showed that HS4 activity was exquisitely dependent on the levels of endogenous NF45 (and to a lesser degree NF90), because HS4-dependent IL13 expression was virtually abrogated in NF45(+/-) cells and reduced in NF90(+/-) cells. Collectively, our results identify NF45 and NF90 as novel regulators of HS4-dependent human IL13 transcription in response to T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kiesler
- From the Functional Genomics Laboratory, Arizona Respiratory Center
| | | | - Lingfang Shi
- the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Peter N. Kao
- the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305
| | | | - Donata Vercelli
- From the Functional Genomics Laboratory, Arizona Respiratory Center
- Cell Biology
- Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases, and
- The Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719 and
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8
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Guo JP, Shu SK, Esposito NN, Coppola D, Koomen JM, Cheng JQ. IKKepsilon phosphorylation of estrogen receptor alpha Ser-167 and contribution to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3676-3684. [PMID: 19940156 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.078212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IKKepsilon has recently been identified as a breast cancer oncogene. Elevated levels of IKKepsilon are associated with cell survival and growth. Here, we show that IKKepsilon interacts with and phosphorylates estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) on serine 167 in vitro and in vivo. As a result, IKKepsilon induces ERalpha transactivation activity and enhances ERalpha binding to DNA. Cyclin D1, a major target of ERalpha, is transcriptionally up-regulated by IKKepsilon in a phospho-ERalpha-Ser-167-dependent manner. Further, overexpression of IKKepsilon induces tamoxifen resistance, whereas knockdown of IKKepsilon sensitizes cells to tamoxifen-induced cell death. These data suggest that ERalpha is a bona fide substrate of IKKepsilon and IKKepsilon plays an important role in tamoxifen resistance. Thus, IKKepsilon represents a critical therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Guo
- From the Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Shao-Kun Shu
- From the Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Nicole N Esposito
- Departments of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Departments of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - John M Koomen
- From the Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612.
| | - Jin Q Cheng
- From the Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612.
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9
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Wu H, Zhu B, Shimoishi Y, Murata Y, Nakamura Y. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces up-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes in Jurkat T cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 483:99-105. [PMID: 19135025 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we found that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of the Th1/Th2 cytokines including IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-13 in Jurkat T cells. The EGCG-induced mRNA up-regulation of IL-2 and IL-5 was predominantly affected by the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signalling, whereas IL-13 gene expression, the most responsive to the EGCG treatment, was dependent on neither ERK nor c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling. IFN-gamma gene expression was partially mitigated by both inhibitors of the ERK and JNK pathways. Furthermore, catalase significantly attenuated the intracellular peroxide production, phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, and all cytokine gene expressions induced by EGCG. In addition, physiologically relevant concentrations of both EGCG and H(2)O(2)-induced up-regulation of IL-5 gene expression. Our findings provide biological evidence that EGCG induces Th1/Th2 cytokine mRNA expression via H(2)O(2) production followed by activation of ERK or JNK in Jurkat T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wu
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Okayama University, Japan
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10
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Jalagadugula G, Dhanasekaran DN, Rao AK. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) responsive sequence in Galphaq promoter during megakaryocytic differentiation. Regulation by EGR-1 and MAP kinase pathway. Thromb Haemost 2008; 100:821-828. [PMID: 18989526 PMCID: PMC2688737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Galphaq plays a major role in platelet signal transduction, but little is known regarding its transcriptional regulation. We have reported that Galphaq is upregulated during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced megakaryocytic transformation of human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells and regulated by EGR-1, an early growth transcription factor. These studies focused on the initial 238 bp of the 5' upstream region of the Galphaq gene. In the present studies we characterize a minimal region -1042/-1037 bp from ATG in the 5' upstream of the Galphaq promoter that is associated with PMA responsiveness. In luciferase reporter gene studies in HEL cells, Galphaq 5' upstream promoter sequence -1042/-1 showed an about four-fold increased activity in PMA-treated compared to untreated cells. Deletion of 6-nt -1042/-1037 eliminated the difference. Gel-shift studies on Galphaq probe (-1042/-1012 bp) revealed binding of EGR-1 with PMA-treated but not untreated nuclear extracts, and this was dependent on the sequence -1042/-1037. Silencing of endogenous EGR-1 inhibited Galphaq induction by PMA. MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 blocked PMA effect on promoter activity of the -1042/-1 construct. In conclusion, EGR-1 binding to sequence -1042/-1037 bp in Galphaq promoter mediates the induction of Galphaq gene by PMA via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These studies provide the first evidence of a PMA-responsive element in Galphaq promoter, and new insights into regulation of Galphaq gene by EGR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthami Jalagadugula
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. Koneti Rao
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Miller R, Sadhukhan R, Wu C. Development of an in vitro potency bioassay for therapeutic IL-13 antagonists: the A-549 cell bioassay. J Immunol Methods 2008; 334:134-41. [PMID: 18355834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 13 is a key cytokine that mediates airway hyper-responsiveness and mucus over-production, and several anti-IL-13 therapeutic antibodies are currently in clinical development for the treatment of asthma. Conventional cell-based bioassays for evaluating neutralization potencies of IL-13 antagonists are semi-quantitative or with a low sensitivity. Here, we report the development of a highly sensitive bioassay to assess the potency of IL-13 antagonists using human lung epithelial A-549 cells that produce thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in response to IL-13 stimulation. The A-549 cells were responsive to both wild type and a variant form of recombinant human IL-13 in a concentration-dependent manner, with a 16 to 24 h exposure time found to be within the linear portion of the bioassay response range. The Effective Concentration at 50% of the maximal response (ED50) of IL-13 determined for the assay was 1-5 ng/mL. With this level of IL-13, an anti-IL-13 antibody B-B13 yielded an approximate median Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of 0.2 nM. Bioassay optimization was performed to achieve best assay condition and sensitivity. Additionally, IL-13 antagonist potency against natural human IL-13 was also investigated in the A-549 cell bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Miller
- Department of Biologics, Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
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Casolaro V, Fang X, Tancowny B, Fan J, Wu F, Srikantan S, Asaki SY, De Fanis U, Huang SK, Gorospe M, Atasoy UX, Stellato C. Posttranscriptional regulation of IL-13 in T cells: role of the RNA-binding protein HuR. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:853-9.e4. [PMID: 18279945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-13, a critical cytokine in allergy, is regulated by as-yet-elusive mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We investigated IL-13 posttranscriptional regulation by HuR, a protein associating with adenylate-uridylate-rich elements in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA, promoting mRNA stability and translation. METHODS IL-13 mRNA decay was monitored in human T(H)2-skewed cells by using the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. The IL-13 3'UTR was subcloned into an inducible beta-globin reporter transiently expressed in H2 cells in the absence or presence of overexpressed HuR. Association of HuR with IL-13 mRNA was detected by means of immunoprecipitation of ribonucleoprotein complexes and a biotin pull-down assay. The effects of HuR transient overexpression and silencing on IL-13 expression were investigated. RESULTS IL-13 mRNA half-life increased significantly in restimulated T(H)2-skewed cells compared with baseline values. Decay of beta-globin mRNA was significantly faster in H2 cells transfected with the IL-13 3'UTR-containing plasmid than in those carrying a control vector. HuR overexpression increased the beta-globin IL-13 3'UTR reporter half-life. Significant enrichment of IL-13 mRNA was produced by means of immunoprecipitation of Jurkat cell ribonucleoprotein complexes with anti-HuR. HuR binding to the IL-13 3'UTR was confirmed by means of pull-down assay of biotin-labeled RNA probes spanning the IL-13 3'UTR. Two-dimensional Western blot analysis showed stimulus-induced posttranslational modification of HuR. In Jurkat cells mitogen-induced IL-13 mRNA was significantly affected by HuR overexpression and silencing. CONCLUSIONS Mitogen-induced IL-13 expression involves changes in transcript turnover and a change in phosphorylation of HuR and its association with the mRNA 3'UTR.
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Wu SL, Yu L, Jiao XY, Meng KW, Pan CE. The suppressive effect of resveratrol on protein kinase C theta in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in a rat liver transplantation model. Transplant Proc 2007; 38:3052-4. [PMID: 17112897 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our aim was to study the effect of resveratrol on the expressions of protein kinase C isotypes (PKC alpha, theta) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and on the expression of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK beta) in lymphocytes in allografts in a rat liver transplantation model. METHODS Orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed from Sprague Dawley rats to Wistar rats. The recipients were divided into two groups after OLT. In the RES group, resveratrol was given intraperitoneally once a day (100 mg kg(-1)) after OLT, whereas in the control group vehicle buffer was given. The expressions of PKC alpha, theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes, expression of IKK beta in lymphocytes in allograft, and survival periods were compared between the groups. RESULTS The mean survival period after OLT in the RES group was significantly longer than that in control group (P < .05). On posttransplant day 7, the expression of PKC theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the RES group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P < .05), whereas there was no obvious difference in the expressions of PKC alpha between the two groups (P > .05), and the positive rate of IKK beta protein in lymphocytes in allografts in RES group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION Resveratrol showed an immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes for allograft rejection in the rat. Down-regulation of the expression of PKC theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be part of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Wu
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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