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Ngo-Mback MNL, Zeuko'o Menkem E, Marco HG. Antifungal Compounds from Microbial Symbionts Associated with Aquatic Animals and Cellular Targets: A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040617. [PMID: 37111503 PMCID: PMC10142389 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections continue to be a serious public health problem, leading to an estimated 1.6 million deaths annually. It remains a major cause of mortality for people with a weak or affected immune system, such as those suffering from cancer under aggressive chemotherapies. On the other hand, pathogenic fungi are counted among the most destructive factors affecting crops, causing a third of all food crop losses annually and critically affecting the worldwide economy and food security. However, the limited number currently available and the cytotoxicity of the conventional antifungal drugs, which are not yet properly diversified in terms of mode of action, in addition to resistance phenomena, make the search for new antifungals imperative to improve both human health and food protection. Symbiosis has been a crucial alternative for drug discovery, through which many antimicrobials have been discovered. This review highlights some antifungal models of a defensive symbiosis of microbial symbiont natural products derived from interacting with aquatic animals as one of the best opportunities. Some recorded compounds with supposed novel cell targets such as apoptosis could lead to the development of a multitherapy involving the mutual treatment of fungal infections and other metabolic diseases involving apoptosis in their pathogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heather G Marco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
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Safwan S, Wang SW, Hsiao G, Hsiao SW, Hsu SJ, Lee TH, Lee CK. New Trichothecenes Isolated from the Marine Algicolous Fungus Trichoderma brevicompactum. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020080. [PMID: 35200610 PMCID: PMC8875558 DOI: 10.3390/md20020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight trichothecenes, including four new compounds 1–4 and four known entities 5–8, together with one known cyclonerane (9) were isolated from the solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma brevicompactum NTU439 isolated from the marine alga Mastophora rosea. The structures of 1–9 were determined by 1D/2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), MS (mass spectrometry), and IR (infrared spectroscopy) spectroscopic data. All of the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HCT-116, PC-3, and SK-Hep-1 cancer cells by the SRB assay, and compound 8 showed promising cytotoxic activity against all three cancer cell lines with the IC50 values of 3.3 ± 0.3, 5.3 ± 0.3, and 1.8 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. Compounds 1–2, 4–6, and 7–8 potently inhibited LPS-induced NO production, and compounds 5 and 8 showed markedly inhibited gelatinolysis of MMP-9 in S1 protein-stimulated THP-1 monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Safwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Wen Hsiao
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Jung Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-H.L.); (C.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-2-33661828 (T.-H.L.); +886-2-27361661 (C.-K.L.)
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.-H.L.); (C.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-2-33661828 (T.-H.L.); +886-2-27361661 (C.-K.L.)
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Baazeem A, Almanea A, Manikandan P, Alorabi M, Vijayaraghavan P, Abdel-Hadi A. In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal, Nematocidal and Growth Promoting Activities of Trichoderma hamatum FB10 and Its Secondary Metabolites. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050331. [PMID: 33923354 PMCID: PMC8145006 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial natural biocides have attracted much more attention in recent years in order to avoid the unrestricted use of chemical biocides in the environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the antibacterial and antifungal activities of secondary metabolites and growth promoting, nematicidal, and soil enzyme activity mediated by Trichoderma hamatum FB10. The bactericidal and fungicidal activities were performed using cell-free extract. Results revealed that the selected strain exert antibacterial activity against Acidovorax avenae, Erutimacarafavora, and Xanthomonas campestris. The selected fungal strain FB10 showed antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens such as, S. sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria radicina, Alternaria citri, and Alternaria dauci. Among the bacterial pathogens, A. avenae showed least MIC (30 ± 2.5 µg/mL) and MBC (70 ± 1.25 µg/mL) values. T. hamatum FB10 strain synthesized bioactive volatile secondary metabolite, which effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria and fungi and indicated the presence of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone as the major compound (67.05%). The secondary metabolite synthesized by T. hamatum FB10 showed nematicidal activity against M. incognita eggs. Egg hatch inhibition was 78 ± 2.6% and juvenile stage mortality rate was 89 ± 2.5% when the strain FB10 was treated with nematode. The cell free extract of T. hamatum FB10 showed protease, amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucanase activities. T. hamatum FB10 inoculated with green gram increased 11% plant height, compared to the control. The fresh weight of the experimental group inoculated with T. hamatum FB10 increased 33.6% more compared to the control group. The green gram seedlings inoculated with T. hamatum FB10 increased 18% more dry weight than control group. Soil enzymes such as, urease, phosphatase, catalase and saccharase were improved in the soil inoculated with T. hamatum FB10. These biochemical components play potent role in soil fertility, energy conversion, and in soil organic matter conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Almanea
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory, King Saud Hospital, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Palanisamy Manikandan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmmah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
- Greenlink Analytical and Research Laboratory (India) Private Limited, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan
- Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari 629201, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmmah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (A.A.-H.)
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Gao Y, Ji Y, Li W, Luo J, Wang F, Zhang X, Niu Z, Zhou L, Yan L. Endophytic Fungi from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen Producing Naringenin Inhibit the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus by Interfering with Cell Membrane, DNA, and Protein. J Med Food 2021; 24:116-123. [PMID: 33523769 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the antibacterial effects of the endophytic fungi producing naringenin from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity was measured by the inhibition diameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The time-killing curve was also used to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy. The results of antibacterial activity determinations showed that endophytic fungi secondary metabolites can inhibit the growth of five pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis) and the most sensitive strain was S. aureus that had the MIC and MBC values of 0.13 and 0.50 mg/mL, respectively. The membrane permeability study was measured by a DNA leakage assay and electrical conductivity assay. Furthermore, the whole-cell protein lysates and DNA fragmentation assay was evaluated. The morphology of S. aureus treated with the endophytic fungi products was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The probable antibacterial mechanism of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites was the increased membrane permeability that leads to leaks of nucleic acids and proteins. SEM results further confirmed that the extracts can interfere with the integrity of S. aureus cell membrane and further inhibit the growth of bacteria, resulting in the death of bacteria. This study provides a new perspective for the antibacterial functions of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Post-Doctoral Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yubin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Post-Doctoral Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Post-Doctoral Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianghan Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fuling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhihui Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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5
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Liu Z, Frank M, Yu X, Yu H, Tran-Cong NM, Gao Y, Proksch P. Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 111:81-153. [PMID: 32114663 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37865-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine-derived fungi play an important role in the search for structurally unique secondary metabolites, some of which show promising pharmacological activities that make them useful leads for drug discovery. Marine natural product research in China in general has made enormous progress in the last two decades as described in this chapter on fungal metabolites. This contribution covers 613 new natural products reported from 2001 to 2017 from marine-derived fungi obtained from algae, sponges, corals, and other marine organisms from Chinese waters. The genera Aspergillus (170 new natural products, 28%) and Penicillium (70 new natural products, 11%) were the main fungal producers of new natural products during the time period covered, whereas sponges (184 new natural products, 30%) were the most abundant source of new natural products, followed by corals (154 new natural products, 25%) and algae (130 new natural products, 21%). Close to 40% of all natural products covered in this contribution displayed various bioactivities. The major bioactivities reported were cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines, antimicrobial (mainly antibacterial) activity, and antiviral activity, which accounted for 13%, 9%, and 3% of all natural products reported. In terms of structural classes, polyketides (188 new natural products, 31%) play a dominant role, and if prenylated polyketides and nitrogen-containing polyketides (included in meroterpenes and alkaloids in this contribution) are taken into account, their total number even exceeds 50%. Nitrogen-containing compounds including peptides (65 new natural products, 10%) and alkaloids (103 new natural products, 17%) are the second largest group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marian Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haiqian Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nam M Tran-Cong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Shen L, Ai CZ, Song YC, Wang FW, Jiao RH, Zhang AH, Man HZ, Tan RX. Cytotoxic Trichothecene Macrolides Produced by the Endophytic Myrothecium roridum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1503-1509. [PMID: 31117520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Six new macrolides named myrothecines D-G (1-4), 16-hydroxymytoxin B (5), and 14'-dehydrovertisporin (6), including four 10,13-cyclotrichothecane derivatives, in addition to 12 known compounds (7-18), were isolated from three endophytic Myrothecium roridum, IFB-E008, IFB-E009, and IFB-E012. The isolated compounds were characterized by MS, NMR, CD, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The isolated macrolides exhibited an antiproliferation effect against chronic myeloid leukemia K562 and colorectal carcinoma SW1116 cell lines. Compounds 1-6 were cytotoxic, with IC50 values ranging between 56 nM and 16 μM. Since slight structural changes led to obvious activity differences, the CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) and CoMSIA (comparative molecular similarity indices analysis) methods were then used to explore the 3D QSAR (three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship) of these macrolides. The result showed that the steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and H-bond acceptor factors were involved in their cytotoxicity and provided an in-depth understanding of the structure-activity relationships of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Zhi Ai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518061 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chun Song
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Wu Wang
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Hua Jiao
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Zi Man
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xiang Tan
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
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Ding Y, An F, Zhu X, Yu H, Hao L, Lu Y. Curdepsidones B⁻G, Six Depsidones with Anti-Inflammatory Activities from the Marine-Derived Fungus Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E266. [PMID: 31060304 PMCID: PMC6562388 DOI: 10.3390/md17050266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new depsidones, curdepsidones B-G (1-6), were obtained from the marine-derived fungus Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10. Their planar structures were determined by comprehensive analysis of HRESIMS and 1D/2D-NMR data. The absolute configuration of curdepsidones B-C (1-2) were established by synergistic use of DFT/NMR (density functional theory/nuclear magnetic resonance) and TDDFT/ECD (time-dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism) calculations. Partial isolated compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activities in Propionibacterium acnes-induced THP-1 cells. Curdepsidone C (2) displayed significant anti-inflammatory properties with an IC50 value of 7.47 ± 0.35 μM, and reduced the P. acnes-induced phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK in a dose-dependent mechanism. The possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of 2 was also investigated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Faliang An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yanhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Liang J, Li G, Zhou S, Zhao M, Cai L. Myrothecium-like new species from turfgrasses and associated rhizosphere. MycoKeys 2019; 51:29-53. [PMID: 31239822 PMCID: PMC6583245 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.51.31957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrothecium sensu lato includes a group of fungal saprophytes and weak pathogens with a worldwide distribution. Myrothecium s.l. includes 18 genera, such as Myrothecium, Septomyrothecium, Myxospora, all currently included in the family Stachybotryaceae. In this study, we identified 84 myrothecium-like strains isolated from turfgrasses and their rhizosphere. Five new species, i.e., Alfariapoae, Alf.humicola, Dimorphisetaacuta, D.obtusa, and Paramyrotheciumsinense, are described based on their morphological and phylogenetic distinctions. Phylogenies were inferred based on the analyses of sequences from four DNA loci (ITS, cmdA, rpb2 and tub2). The generic concept of Dimorphiseta is broadened to include a third type of seta, i.e. thin-walled, straight with obtuse apices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guangshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Meiqi Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Agricultural University Beijing China.,Forwardgroup Turf Service & Research Center, Wanning, Hainan Province, 571500, China Forwardgroup Turf Service & Research Center Wanning China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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10
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Association between dipsacus saponin VI level and diversity of endophytic fungi in roots of Dipsacus asperoides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:42. [PMID: 30778697 PMCID: PMC6394449 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Dipsacus asperoides contains multiple pharmacologically active compounds. The principal are saponins. The plant can be cultivated, but it contains lower levels of bioactive compounds than the plant in the wild. It may be the reason to exploit the endophytic fungi that colonize the plant roots in order to produce bioactive compounds. However, the endophytic fungi of D. asperoides have not been analyzed in detail. In this study, we isolated and identified 46 endophytic fungal strains from the taproots, lateral roots and leaves, and we used morphological and molecular biological methods to assign them into 15 genera: Fusarium sp., Ceratobasidium sp., Chaetomium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Talaromyces sp., Cladosporium sp., Bionectria sp., Mucor sp., Trichoderma sp., Myrothecium sp., Clonostachys sp., Ijuhya sp., Leptosphaeria sp. and Phoma sp. Taproots contained abundant endophytic fungi, the numbers of which correlated positively with level of dipsacus saponin VI. Primary fermentation of several endophytic fungal strains from taproots showed that Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Ceratobasidium sp. and Phoma sp. can produce the triterpenoid saponin. These results may guide efforts to sustainably produce bioactive compounds from D. asperoides.
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Leylaie S, Zafari D. Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Secondary Metabolites and Phylogenetic Study of Endophytic Trichoderma Species From Vinca Plants. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 30050508 PMCID: PMC6051055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been recognized as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The endophytic Trichoderma species were isolated from Vinca plants (Vinca major, Vinca herbacea, and Vinca minor), found in Iran and screened for antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activity. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, four fungal species were identified: T. asperellum, T. brevicompactum, T. koningiopsis, and T. longibrachiatum. In addition, endophytic fungi bioactivity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts (7.8–250 μgml−1) were assessed against a panel of pathogenic fungi and bacteria and IC80 was calculated. Data showed that both methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from all endophytic isolates had significant cytotoxic effects against the model target fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Further research indicated that they had significant antimicrobial bioactivity against the human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis as well. According to the bioactivity results, crude ethyl acetate extract of T. koningiopsis VM115 isolate was determined for TLC and GC-MS analysis. An antifungal compound was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of T. koningiopsis VM115 based on bioassay guided fractionation. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data showed that the compound was trichodermin, which exhibited strong fungicidal effects against P. oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Botrytis cinera with MICs of 31.25 μg ml−1 through in vitro antifungal tests. GC-MS analysis identified six classes of volatile compound produced by T. koningiopsis VM115 (alcohols, esters, pyrones (lactones), acids, furanes and lipids). 6-n-pentyl-6H-pyran-2-one (6PP) was identified as one of the most abundant metabolites in this research. These results indicate that the fungal endophytes from Vinca plants had antibacterial and cytotoxic activities; evidence that endophytes are a good source of biological activity and compounds. This work is the first report of Trichodermin production by T. koningiopsis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Leylaie
- Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Doustmorad Zafari
- Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Nguyen LTT, Jang JY, Kim TY, Yu NH, Park AR, Lee S, Bae CH, Yeo JH, Hur JS, Park HW, Kim JC. Nematicidal activity of verrucarin A and roridin A isolated from Myrothecium verrucaria against Meloidogyne incognita. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:133-143. [PMID: 29891364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loan Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yeong Jang
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-170, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Bae
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-170, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hong Yeo
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-170, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Matsumoto M, Tanaka S, Tonouchi A, Hashimoto M. 12-Deoxyroridin J and 12-Deoxyepiisororidin E from Calcarisporium arbuscular. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Matsumoto M, Ito A, Tonouchi A, Okazaki M, Hashimoto M. Stereochemical correction and total structure of roridin J. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ngo HX, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Green KD. A complex game of hide and seek: the search for new antifungals. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:1285-1306. [PMID: 27766140 PMCID: PMC5067021 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections directly affect millions of people each year. In addition to the invasive fungal infections of humans, the plants and animals that comprise our primary food source are also susceptible to diseases caused by these eukaryotic microbes. The need for antifungals, not only for our medical needs, but also for use in agriculture and livestock causes a high demand for novel antimycotics. Herein, we provide an overview of the most commonly used antifungals in medicine and agriculture. We also present a summary of the recent progress (from 2010-2016) in the discovery/development of new agents against fungal strains of medical/agricultural relevance, as well as information related to their biological activity, their mode(s) of action, and their mechanism(s) of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy X. Ngo
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Keith D. Green
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
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Lombard L, Houbraken J, Decock C, Samson R, Meijer M, Réblová M, Groenewald J, Crous P. Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae. PERSOONIA 2016; 36:156-246. [PMID: 27616791 PMCID: PMC4988370 DOI: 10.3767/003158516x691582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The family Stachybotriaceae was recently introduced to include the genera Myrothecium, Peethambara and Stachybotrys. Members of this family include important plant and human pathogens, as well as several species used in industrial and commercial applications as biodegraders and biocontrol agents. However, the generic boundaries in Stachybotriaceae are still poorly defined, as type material and sequence data are not readily available for taxonomic studies. To address this issue, we performed multi-locus phylogenetic analyses using partial gene sequences of the 28S large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA (ITS), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), calmodulin (cmdA), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) for all available type and authentic strains. Supported by morphological characters these data resolved 33 genera in the Stachybotriaceae. These included the nine already established genera Albosynnema, Alfaria, Didymostilbe, Myrothecium, Parasarcopodium, Peethambara, Septomyrothecium, Stachybotrys and Xepicula. At the same time the generic names Melanopsamma, Memnoniella and Virgatospora were resurrected. Phylogenetic inference further showed that both the genera Myrothecium and Stachybotrys are polyphyletic resulting in the introduction of 13 new genera with myrothecium-like morphology and eight new genera with stachybotrys-like morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Lombard
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Decock
- Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCM), Earth and Life Institute – Microbiology (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Meijer
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Réblová
- Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences, CZ–252 43, Prùhonice, Czech Republic
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Molecular phylogenetics and anti-Pythium activity of endophytes from rhizomes of wild ginger congener, Zingiber zerumbet Smith. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:41. [PMID: 26867602 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber zerumbet, a perennial rhizomatous herb exhibits remarkable disease resistance as well as a wide range of pharmacological activities. Towards characterizing the endophytic population of Z. zerumbet rhizomes, experiments were carried out during two different growing seasons viz., early-June of 2013 and late-July of 2014. A total of 34 endophytes were isolated and categorized into 11 morphologically distinct groups. Fungi were observed to predominate bacterial species with colonization frequency values ranging from 12.5 to 50%. Among the 11 endophyte groups isolated, molecular analyses based on ITS/16S rRNA gene sequences identified seven isolate groups as Fusarium solani, two as F. oxysporum and one as the bacterium Rhizobium spp. Phylogenetic tree clustered the ITS sequences from Z. zerumbet endophytes into distinct clades consistent with morphological and sequence analysis. Dual culture assays were carried out to determine antagonistic activity of the isolated endophytes against Pythium myriotylum, an economically significant soil-borne phytopathogen of cultivated ginger. Experiments revealed significant P. myriotylum growth inhibition by F. solani and F. oxysporum isolates with percentage of inhibition (PoI) ranging from 45.17 ± 0.29 to 62.2 ± 2.58 with F. oxysporum exhibiting higher PoI values against P. myriotylum. Using ZzEF8 metabolite extract, concentration-dependent P. myriotylum hyphal growth inhibition was observed following radial diffusion assays. These observations were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis wherein exposure to ZzEF8 metabolite extract induced hyphal deformities. Results indicate Z. zerumbet endophytes as promising resources for biologically active compounds and as biocontrol agents for soft rot disease management caused by Pythium spp.
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Genetic diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic Myrothecium spp. isolated from Calophyllum apetalum and Garcinia morella. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1533-43. [PMID: 26409457 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Calophyllum apetalum and Garcinia morella, medicinal plants are endemic to Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. Sixteen Myrothecium isolates were obtained from the tissues of bark and twigs of these plants. The purpose of this study was to explore the antimicrobial activity and genetic variability of the endophytic Myrothecium isolates. The antimicrobial activity as well as the genetic diversity of endophytic Myrothecium species was investigated through RAPD, ISSR and ITS sequence analysis. Myrothecium isolates were genotypically compared by RAPD and ISSR techniques, 510 and 189 reproducible polymorphic bands were obtained using 20 RAPD and ten ISSR primers respectively. The isolates grouped into four main clades and subgroups using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis. rDNA ITS sequence analysis presented better resolution for characterising the isolates of Myrothecium spp. The clustering patterns of the isolates were almost similar when compared with RAPD and ISSR dendograms. The results signify that RAPD, ISSR and ITS analysis can be employed to distinguish the genetic diversity of the Myrothecium species. The endophytic and pathogenic strains were compared by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbour joining methods. One isolate (JX862206) amongst the 16 Myrothecium isolates exhibited potent antibacterial and as well as anti-Candida activity.
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Patil MP, Patil RH, Maheshwari VL. Biological Activities and Identification of Bioactive Metabolite from Endophytic Aspergillus flavus L7 Isolated from Aegle marmelos. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:39-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Raja HA, Kaur A, El-Elimat T, Figueroa M, Kumar R, Deep G, Agarwal R, Faeth SH, Cech NB, Oberlies NH. Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn. (milk thistle). Mycology 2015; 6:8-27. [PMID: 26000195 PMCID: PMC4409047 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2015.1009186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is widespread, and its chemistry has been studied for over 50 years. However, milk thistle endophytes have not been studied previously for their fungal and chemical diversity. We examined the fungal endophytes inhabiting this medicinal herb to determine: (1) species composition and phylogenetic diversity of fungal endophytes; (2) chemical diversity of secondary metabolites produced by these organisms; and (3) cytotoxicity of the pure compounds against the human prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cell line. Forty-one fungal isolates were identified from milk thistle comprising 25 operational taxonomic units based on BLAST search via GenBank using published authentic sequences from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence data. Maximum likelihood analyses of partial 28S rRNA gene showed that these endophytes had phylogenetic affinities to four major classes of Ascomycota, the Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Leotiomycetes. Chemical studies of solid-substrate fermentation cultures led to the isolation of four new natural products. In addition, 58 known secondary metabolites, representing diverse biosynthetic classes, were isolated and characterized using a suite of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Selected pure compounds were tested against the PC-3 cell line, where six compounds displayed cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Amninder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF04510, Mexico
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO80045, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO80045, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO80045, USA
| | - Stanley H. Faeth
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
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Han WB, Lu YH, Zhang AH, Zhang GF, Mei YN, Jiang N, Lei X, Song YC, Ng SW, Tan RX. Curvulamine, a new antibacterial alkaloid incorporating two undescribed units from a Curvularia species. Org Lett 2014; 16:5366-9. [PMID: 25286294 DOI: 10.1021/ol502572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The white croaker (Argyrosomus argentatus) derived Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10 produces curvulamine as a skeletally unprecedented alkaloid incorporating two undescribed extender units. Curvulamine is more selectively antibacterial than tinidazole and biosynthetically unique in the new extenders formed through a decarboxylative condensation between an oligoketide motif and alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bo Han
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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Sharma M, Sharma R. Drugs and drug intermediates from fungi: Striving for greener processes. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:322-38. [PMID: 25159041 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.947240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an ever-increasing demand of newer and improved drugs from biological sources to cater to the bio-pharmaceutical sector. Among various other resources, fungal species have an immense contribution owing to their potential to carry out the bio-transformations and drug synthesis in diverse conditions and in an eco-friendly manner. Advancement in the biotechnological processes has accelerated the process. Genome sequence information of various fungal species has opened newer avenues for improved and faster drug targeting and designing. The review highlights the production of pharmaceutical drugs and drug intermediates like antibiotics, anti-cancer, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunosuppressant, anti-anxiety, anti-virals and many other drugs from fungus. Many of these have been commercialized and there are many more which are either in research or in clinical trial phase. There is a need to exploit and explore the vast biota of fungi in the hope of discovering untapped therapeutic uses of the earth's countless species of fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- a Department of Biotechnology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and
| | - Rohit Sharma
- b Centre for Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Ruma K, Sunil K, Prakash HS. Bioactive potential of endophytic Myrothecium sp. isolate M1-CA-102, associated with Calophyllum apetalum. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:665-676. [PMID: 24635191 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.863950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endophytes colonizing medicinal plants are diverse, constituting a rich bioresource for novel natural products. OBJECTIVE Myrothecium sp. isolate M1-CA-102 was the most promising among the 16 Myrothecium isolates screened. The bioactive potential of the crude extract from the Calophyllum apetalum Willd. endophytic Myrothecium sp. (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar (Incertae sedis) isolate M1-CA-102 and its thin layer chromatography (TLC) fractions were screened based on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities, and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities. Further, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition were assessed at different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for the crude extract, 5, 25, and 50 μg/mL for the TLC fractions). DNA-nicking assay as an indicator of the capacity of extracts to scavenge hydroxyl radical was recorded at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. Cell cytotoxicity was recorded by colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis) and anti-Candida (Candida albicans) assays were performed by the microdilution method. RESULTS The DPPH and ABTS IC50 values of M1-CA-102 extract were 10 and 6 μg/mL compared with 6.1 and 7.03 μg/mL for the positive control quercetin. The cytotoxicity IC50 value of M1-CA-102 extract was 37 μg/mL, while the M-I TLC fraction was 21 μg/mL. The M1-CA-102 extract gave an IC50 value of 58 and 8 μg/mL for 15-LOX and COX-2, respectively. The MIC values for antimicrobial activity for M1-CA-102 extract ranged from 35 to 54 μg/mL, while for the TLC fractions, it ranged from 91 to 515 μg/mL. CONCLUSION The results indicate that Myrothecium M1-CA-102 isolated from C. apetalum is a potential source of natural metabolites of pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmakar Ruma
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore , Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka , India
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Sharma A, Shukla RV, Chaubey A, Mahish M. Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests Trees of Chhattisgarh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-014-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jiao R, Xu H, Cui J, Ge H, Tan R. Neuraminidase Inhibitors from marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces seoulensis. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1046-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R.H. Jiao
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - H. Xu
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - J.T. Cui
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - H.M. Ge
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - R.X. Tan
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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Bhatnagar I, Kim SK. Pharmacologically prospective antibiotic agents and their sources: a marine microbial perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:631-643. [PMID: 23121870 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine microbes have been a storehouse of bioactive metabolites with tremendous potential as drug candidates. Marine microorganism derived secondary metabolites (chemical compounds/peptides) are considered to be a burning area of research since recent past. Many of such compounds have been proven to be anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-algal, anti-HIV, anti-helminthic, anti-protozoan, anti-tumor and anti-allergic agents. Marine bacteria and fungi have been reported to be the producers of such compounds owing to their defense mechanisms and metabolic by products. Although the number of natural products isolated from these classes of marine microbial flora is large, a limited number of such compounds reach the clinical trial and even less number of them get approved as a drug. Here we discuss the recent studies on the isolation, characterization and the pharmacological significances of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-infective agents of marine microbial origin. Further, the clinical status of such compounds has also been discussed in comparison with those derived from their terrestrial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Bhatnagar
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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Montenegro TGC, Rodrigues FAR, Jimenez PC, Angelim AL, Melo VMM, Rodrigues Filho E, de Oliveira MDCF, Costa-Lotufo LV. Cytotoxic Activity of Fungal Strains Isolated from the AscidianEudistoma vannamei. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:2203-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ebel R. Terpenes from marine-derived fungi. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2340-68. [PMID: 20948911 PMCID: PMC2953407 DOI: 10.3390/md8082340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes from marine-derived fungi show a pronounced degree of structural diversity, and due to their interesting biological and pharmacological properties many of them have aroused interest from synthetic chemists and the pharmaceutical industry alike. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the structural diversity of terpenes from marine-derived fungi, highlighting individual examples of chemical structures and placing them in a context of other terpenes of fungal origin. Wherever possible, information regarding the biological activity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Ebel
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB243UE, Scotland, UK.
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Sy-Cordero AA, Graf TN, Wani MC, Kroll DJ, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Dereplication of macrocyclic trichothecenes from extracts of filamentous fungi through UV and NMR profiles. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:539-44. [PMID: 20648023 PMCID: PMC2946446 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic trichothecenes, which have potent cytotoxicity, have been isolated from many different fungal species. These compounds were evaluated clinically by the U.S. National Cancer Institute in the 1970's and 1980's. However, they have yet to be advanced into viable drugs due to severe side effects. Our team is investigating a diverse library of filamentous fungi for new anticancer leads. To avoid re-isolating macrocyclic trichothecenes via bioactivity-directed fractionation studies, a protocol for their facile dereplication was developed. The method uses readily available photodiode array detectors to identify one of two types of characteristic UV spectra for these compounds. Also, diagnostic signals can be observed in the 1H-NMR spectra, particularly for the epoxide and conjugated diene moieties, even at the level of a crude extract. Using these techniques in a complementary fashion, macrocyclic trichothecenes can be dereplicated rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene A Sy-Cordero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:35-94. [PMID: 18250897 DOI: 10.1039/b701534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2006 for marine natural products, with 758 citations (534 for the period January to December 2006) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidaria, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (779 for 2006), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Xu L, Zhou L, Zhao J, Li J, Li X, Wang J. Fungal endophytes from Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizomes and their antibacterial activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 46:68-72. [PMID: 18086193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize the endophytic fungi from the rhizomes of the Chinese traditional medicinal plant Dioscorea zingiberensis and to detect their antibacterial activities. METHODS AND RESULTS After strict sterile sample preparation, nine fungal endophytes were isolated from rhizomes of the Chinese traditional medicinal plant D. zingiberensis. The endophytes were classified by morphological traits and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene sequence analysis. Their ITS rDNA sequences were 99-100% identical to Nectria, Fusarium, Rhizopycnis, Acremonium and Penicillium spp. respectively. Of these, the most frequent genera were Fusarium and Nectria. One isolate, Dzf7, was unclassified on the basis of its low sequence similarity. The next closest species was Alternaria longissima (c. 92.4% sequence similarity). Endophyte isolate Dzf5 showed the closest sequence similarity (c. 99.5%) to an uncultured soil fungus (DQ420800) obtained from Cedar Creek, USA. Bioassays using a modified broth dilution test were used to detect the antibacterial activity of n-butanol extracts of both mycelia and culture filtrates of D. zingiberensis showed biological activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extracts were between 31 x 25 microg ml(-1) and 125 microg ml(-1). CONCLUSIONS Endophytic fungus Dzf2 (c. 99 x 8% sequence similarity to Fusarium redolens) isolated from D. zingiberensis rhizome showed the most potent antibacterial activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Endophytic fungi isolated from D. zingiberensis may be used as potential producers of antibacterial natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Shen L, Jiao RH, Ye YH, Wang XT, Xu C, Song YC, Zhu HL, Tan RX. Absolute configuration of new cytotoxic and other bioactive trichothecene macrolides. Chemistry 2007; 12:5596-602. [PMID: 16673428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three new cytotoxic 10,13-cyclotrichothecane-derived macrolides, myrothecines A-C (1-3), were characterized from the extracts of two Myrothecium roridum strains, IFB-E009 and IFB-E012, isolated as endophytic fungi found on the traditional Chinese medicinal plants Trachelospermum jasminoides and Artemisia annua, respectively. The absolute configuration of myrothecines A-C was elucidated by a combination of spectral techniques (UV, IR, MS, circular dichroism (CD), (1)H and (13)C NMR, DEPT, (1)H-(1)H COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC spectrascopic analyses), Mosher's ester analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The absolute configuration of the reported bioactive analogue, mytoxin B was established by correlating its spectral data with that of known absolute configurational structures. Furthermore, the significance in endophytism (or symbiosis) and biocatabolism, highlighted by production of those macrolides by the endophytic strains, is discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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