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Spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors related to the invasion of Hypochaeris radicata in South Korea. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yun SA, Kim SC. Genetic diversity and structure of Saussurea polylepis (Asteraceae) on continental islands of Korea: Implications for conservation strategies and management. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249752. [PMID: 33831066 PMCID: PMC8031399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Saussurea polylepis Nakai is an herbaceous perennial endemic to Korea and is highly restricted to several continental islands in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula. Given its very narrow geographical distribution, it is more vulnerable to anthropogenic activities and global climate changes than more widely distributed species. Despite the need for comprehensive genetic information for conservation and management, no such population genetic studies of S. polylepis have been conducted. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure were evaluated for 97 individuals from 5 populations (Gwanmaedo, Gageodo, Hongdo, Heusando, and Uido) using 19 polymorphic microsatellites. The populations were separated by a distance of 20–90 km. We found moderate levels of genetic diversity in S. polylepis (Ho = 0.42, He = 0.43). This may be due to long lifespans, outcrossing, and gene flow, despite its narrow range. High levels of gene flow (Nm = 1.76, mean Fst = 0.09), especially from wind-dispersed seeds, would contribute to low levels of genetic differentiation among populations. However, the small population size and reduced number of individuals in the reproductive phase of S. polylepis can be a major threat leading to inbreeding depression and genetic diversity loss. Bayesian cluster analysis revealed three significant structures at K = 3, consistent with DAPC and UPGMA. It is thought that sea level rise after the last glacial maximum may have acted as a geographical barrier, limiting the gene flow that would lead to distinct population structures. We proposed the Heuksando population, which is the largest island inhabited by S. polylepis, as a source population because of its large population size and high genetic diversity. Four management units (Gwanmaedo, Gageodo, Hongdo-Heuksando, and Uido) were suggested for conservation considering population size, genetic diversity, population structure, unique alleles, and geographical location (e.g., proximity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A. Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: ,
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3
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Is There an Equivalence between Measures of Landscape Structural and Functional Connectivity for Plants in Conservation Assessments of the Cerrado? LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Landscape connectivity can be assessed based on the physical connection (structural connectivity) or the maintenance of flow among habitats depending on the species (functional connectivity). The lack of empirical data on the dispersal capacity of species can lead to the use of simple structural measures. Comparisons between these approaches can improve decision-making processes for the conservation or restoration of habitats in fragmented landscapes, such as the Cerrado biome. This study aimed to understand the correspondence between the measures of landscape structural and functional connectivity for Cerrado plants. Three landscapes with cerradão patches in a pasture matrix were selected for the application of these metrics based on the functional connectivity of four profiles of plant dispersal capacity. The results showed divergent interpretations between the measures of landscape structural and functional connectivity, indicating that the assessment of biodiversity conservation and landscape connectivity is dependent on the set of metrics chosen. Structurally, the studied landscapes had the same number of cerradão patches but varied in optimal resource availability, isolation, heterogeneity, and aggregation. Functional connectivity was low for all profiles (based on the integral index of connectivity—IIC) and null for species with a low dispersal capacity (based on the connectance index—CONNECT), indicating that species with a medium- to long-distance dispersal capacity may be less affected by the history of losses and fragmentation of the Cerrado in the pasture matrix. The functional connectivity metrics used allowed a more robust analysis and, apparently, better reflected reality, but the lack of empirical data on dispersal capacity and the difficulty in choosing an indicator organism can limit their use in the management and planning of conservation and restoration areas.
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Jafari M, Akram W, Pang Y, Ahmad A, Ahmed S, Yasin NA, Anjum T, Ali B, Hu X, Li X, Dong S, Cai Q, Ciprian M, Bielec M, Hu S, Sefidkon F, Hu X. Genetic diversity and biogeography of T. officinale inferred from multi locus sequence typing approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203275. [PMID: 30226844 PMCID: PMC6143195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) is widely distributed weedy plant used as a traditional medicinal herb. The population genetics and historical biogeography of this plant have remained relatively unexplored. This study explores phylogeny, population genetics and ancestral reconstructions adopting multi locus sequence typing (MLST) approach. MLST sequences dataset was generated from genomics and chloroplast DNA sequences obtained from 31 T. officinale haplotypes located in 16 different countries. Phylogenetic analysis distributed these haplotypes in well differentiated geographic clades. The study suggested a close relationship between Europe and adjacent Asian countries. Populations of these regions predominantly formed common haplogroups, showed considerable level of gene flow and evidence for recombination events across European and Asian population. Biogeographical inferences obtained by applying statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis (S-DIVA) and Bayesian binary MCMC (BBM) analysis showed that T. officinale was putatively originated in Europe. Molecular clock analysis based on ITS dataset suggested that the divergence between Europe and East Asian populations can be dated to 1.07 Mya with subsequent dispersal and vicariance events. Among different spatial process long distance seed dispersal mediated by wind had potentially assisted the population expansion of T. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadjavad Jafari
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Waheed Akram
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanju Pang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Qian Cai
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Matteo Ciprian
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Monika Bielec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xuebo Hu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Blambert L, Mallet B, Humeau L, Pailler T. Reproductive patterns, genetic diversity and inbreeding depression in two closely related Jumellea species with contrasting patterns of commonness and distribution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:93-103. [PMID: 26944785 PMCID: PMC4934390 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Theory predicts that the long-term persistence of plant populations exposed to size reduction can be threatened by a loss of genetic diversity and increased inbreeding. However, several life-history and ecological traits can influence the response to population size reduction. The reproductive patterns, levels of genetic diversity and magnitude of inbreeding depression of the rare and fragmented Jumellea fragrans and of its widespread congener J. rossii were studied. The aim was to evaluate the effects of over-collection and fragmentation on J. fragrans and to enhance our knowledge of the biology and ecology of the two species, used for their aromatic and medicinal properties on Réunion. METHODS Hand pollination experiments were conducted to determine the breeding system and to evaluate the potential for inbreeding depression in both species. Nuclear microsatellite markers were used to investigate selfing rates and levels of genetic diversity. KEY RESULTS Jumellea rossii revealed a mixed-mating system, and inbreeding depression at the germination stage (δ = 0·66). Levels of genetic diversity were relatively high [allelic richness (AR) = 8·575 and expected heterozygosity (He) = 0·673]. In J. fragrans, selfing rates suggest a mainly outcrossing mating system. Genetic diversity was lower than in J. rossii, but not yet critically low (AR = 4·983 and He = 0·492), probably because of the mainly outcrossing mating system and the relatively high density of individuals in the studied population. Jumellea fragrans did not show inbreeding depression, and it is hypothesized that the population had progressively purged its genetic load during successive fragmentation events. CONCLUSIONS Even if the persistence of the J. fragrans population is not threatened in the short term, its genetic diversity has probably been reduced by fragmentation and over-collection. In situ conservation actions for J. fragrans and ex situ cultivation of both species are recommended in order to meet the demand of local people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Blambert
- UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de la Réunion, Ile de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
| | - Bertrand Mallet
- UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de la Réunion, Ile de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
| | - Laurence Humeau
- UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de la Réunion, Ile de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
| | - Thierry Pailler
- UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de la Réunion, Ile de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
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Durka W, Michalski SG, Berendzen KW, Bossdorf O, Bucharova A, Hermann JM, Hölzel N, Kollmann J. Genetic differentiation within multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefan G. Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Kenneth W. Berendzen
- ZMBP - Central Facilities; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Hermann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group; Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster; Heisenbergstr. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
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Epps CW, Keyghobadi N. Landscape genetics in a changing world: disentangling historical and contemporary influences and inferring change. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:6021-40. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton W. Epps
- Oregon State University; Nash Hall Room 104 Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Nusha Keyghobadi
- Department of Biology; Western University; London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
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Heelemann S, Bäuerlein V, Krug CB, Esler KJ, Poschlod P, Reisch C. Genetic variation of two species with different life-history traits in the endangered renosterveld of South Africa - a comparative analysis ofEriocephalus africanusandHemimeris racemosa. Afr J Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Heelemann
- Institute of Botany; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Cornelia B. Krug
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution (ESE); UMR CNRS 8079; Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Karen J. Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology and Centre for Invasion Biology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Institute of Botany; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Christoph Reisch
- Institute of Botany; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
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Mitchell RM, Bakker JD. Intraspecific trait variation driven by plasticity and ontogeny in Hypochaeris radicata. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109870. [PMID: 25333738 PMCID: PMC4204820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of intraspecific variation in plant functional traits for structuring communities and driving ecosystem processes is increasingly recognized, but mechanisms governing this variation are less studied. Variation could be due to adaptation to local conditions, plasticity in observed traits, or ontogeny. We investigated 1) whether abiotic stress caused individuals, maternal lines, and populations to exhibit trait convergence, 2) whether trait variation was primarily due to ecotypic differences or trait plasticity, and 3) whether traits varied with ontogeny. We sampled three populations of Hypochaeris radicata that differed significantly in rosette diameter and specific leaf area (SLA). We grew nine maternal lines from each population (27 lines total) under three greenhouse conditions: ambient conditions (control), 50% drought, or 80% shade. Plant diameter and relative chlorophyll content were measured throughout the experiment, and leaf shape, root:shoot ratio, and SLA were measured after five weeks. We used hierarchical mixed-models and variance component analysis to quantify differences in treatment effects and the contributions of population of origin and maternal line to observed variation. Observed variation in plant traits was driven primarily by plasticity. Shade significantly influenced all measured traits. Plant diameter was the only trait that had a sizable proportion of trait variation (30%) explained by population of origin. There were significant ontogenetic differences for both plant diameter and relative chlorophyll content. When subjected to abiotic stress in the form of light or water limitation, Hypochaeris radicata exhibited significant trait variability. This variation was due primarily to trait plasticity, rather than to adaptation to local conditions, and also differed with ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Mitchell
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America
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10
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Genetic variation of Sherardia arvensis L. – How land use and fragmentation affect an arable weed. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Mitchell RM, Bakker JD. Quantifying and comparing intraspecific functional trait variability: a case study withHypochaeris radicata. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Mitchell
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; University of Washington; Box 354115 Seattle Washington 98195-4115 USA
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; University of Washington; Box 354115 Seattle Washington 98195-4115 USA
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12
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Aavik T, Holderegger R, Edwards PJ, Billeter R. Patterns of contemporary gene flow suggest low functional connectivity of grasslands in a fragmented agricultural landscape. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Lai 40 Tartu 51005 Estonia
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute; Zürcherstrasse 111 Birmensdorf CH-8903 Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
| | - Regula Billeter
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
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13
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Albaladejo RG, Carrillo LF, Aparicio A, Fernández-Manjarrés JF, González-Varo JP. Population genetic structure in Myrtus communis L. in a chronically fragmented landscape in the Mediterranean: can gene flow counteract habitat perturbation? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2009; 11:442-453. [PMID: 19470115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ancient managed landscapes provide ideal opportunities to assess the consequences of habitat fragmentation on the patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow in long-lived plant species. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and allozyme markers, we quantified seed-mediated gene flow and population genetic diversity and structure in 14 populations of Myrtus communis (myrtle), a common endozoochorous shrub species of forest patches in lowland agricultural Mediterranean areas. Overall, allozyme diversity for myrtle was low (P(95) = 25%; A = 1.411; H(e) = 0.085) compared to other known populations, and a significant portion of populations (57%) had lower levels of allelic diversity and/or heterozygosity than expected at random, as shown by simulated resampling of the whole diversity of the landscape. We found significant correlations between allozyme variability and population size and patch isolation, but no significant inbreeding in any population. Genetic differentiation among populations for both allozyme and AFLP markers was significant (Phi(ST) = 0.144 and Phi(ST) = 0.142, respectively) but an isolation-by-distance pattern was not detected. Assignment tests on AFLP data indicated a high immigration rate in the populations (ca. 20-22%), likely through effective seed dispersal across the landscape by birds and mammals. Our results suggest that genetic isolation is not the automatic outcome of habitat destruction since substantial levels of seed-mediated gene flow are currently detectable. However, even moderate rates of gene flow seem insufficient in this long-lived species to counteract the genetic erosion and differentiation imposed by chronic habitat destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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Yan J, Chu HJ, Wang HC, Li JQ, Sang T. Population genetic structure of two Medicago species shaped by distinct life form, mating system and seed dispersal. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 103:825-34. [PMID: 19174379 PMCID: PMC2707894 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Life form, mating system and seed dispersal are important adaptive traits of plants. In the first effort to characterize in detail the population genetic structure and dynamics of wild Medicago species in China, a population genetic study of two closely related Medicago species, M. lupulina and M. ruthenica, that are distinct in these traits, are reported. These species are valuable germplasm resources for the improvement of Medicago forage crops but are under threat of habitat destruction. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-eight individuals from 16 populations of the annual species, M. lupulina, and 447 individuals from 15 populations of the perennial species, M. ruthenica, were studied using 15 and 17 microsatellite loci, respectively. Conventional and Bayesian-clustering analyses were utilized to estimate population genetic structure, mating system and gene flow. KEY RESULTS Genetic diversity of M. lupulina (mean H(E)=0.246) was lower than that of M. ruthenica (mean H(E)=0.677). Populations of M. lupulina were more highly differentiated (F(ST)=0.535) than those of M. ruthenica (F(ST)=0.130). For M. lupulina, 55.5% of the genetic variation was partitioned among populations, whereas 76.6% of the variation existed within populations of M. ruthenica. Based on the genetic data, the selfing rates of M. lupulina and M. ruthenica were estimated at 95.8% and 29.5%, respectively. The genetic differentiation among populations of both species was positively correlated with geographical distance. CONCLUSIONS The mating system differentiation estimated from the genetic data is consistent with floral morphology and observed pollinator visitation. There was a much higher historical gene flow in M. ruthenica than in M. lupulina, despite more effective seed dispersal mechanisms in M. lupulina. The population genetic structure and geographical distribution of the two Medicago species have been shaped by life form, mating systems and seed dispersal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Jia Chu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng-Chang Wang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Li
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Tao Sang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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15
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Becker U, Dostal P, Jorritsma-Wienk LD, Matthies D. The spatial scale of adaptive population differentiation in a wide-spread, well-dispersed plant species. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Zalapa JE, Brunet J, Guries RP. Genetic diversity and relationships among Dutch elm disease tolerant Ulmus pumila L. accessions from China. Genome 2008; 51:492-500. [PMID: 18545273 DOI: 10.1139/g08-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elm breeding programs worldwide have relied heavily on Asian elm germplasm, particularly Ulmus pumila, for the breeding of Dutch elm disease tolerant cultivars. However, the extent and patterning of genetic variation in Asian elm species is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the extent of genetic diversity among 53 U. pumila accessions collected throughout the People's Republic of China. Using 23 microsatellite loci recently developed in the genus Ulmus, a total of 94 alleles were identified in 15 polymorphic and 4 monomorphic loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 4.9, with a range of 1-11 alleles. Gene diversity estimates per locus ranged from 0.08 to 0.87, and the non-exclusion probability for the 15 polymorphic loci combined was 0.7 x 10(-9). Nineteen region-specific alleles were identified, and regional gene diversity estimates were moderately high (0.48-0.57). The genetic relationships among accessions and regions were estimated by UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis. Both techniques discriminated all accessions and regions. Two microsatellite markers (UR175 + UR123 or Ulm-3) were sufficient to discriminate up to 99.7% of the accessions studied. This research provides useful information for DNA-based fingerprinting, breeding, ecological studies, and diversity assessment of elm germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Zalapa
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Ortiz MA, Tremetsberger K, Terrab A, Stuessy TF, García-Castaño JL, Urtubey E, Baeza CM, Ruas CF, Gibbs PE, Talavera S. Phylogeography of the invasive weed Hypochaeris radicata (Asteraceae): from Moroccan origin to worldwide introduced populations. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3654-67. [PMID: 18662226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to delineate the area of origin and migratory expansion of the highly successful invasive weedy species Hypochaeris radicata, we analysed amplified fragment length polymorphisms from samples taken from 44 populations. Population sampling focused on the central and western Mediterranean area, but also included sites from Northern Spain, Western and Central Europe, Southeast Asia and South America. The six primer combinations applied to 213 individuals generated a total of 517 fragments of which 513 (99.2%) were polymorphic. The neighbour-joining tree presented five clusters and these divisions were supported by the results of Bayesian analyses: plants in the Moroccan, Betic Sierras (Southern Spain), and central Mediterranean clusters are all heterocarpic. The north and central Spanish, southwestern Sierra Morena, and Central European, Asian and South American cluster contain both heterocarpic (southwestern Sierra Morena) and homocarpic populations (all other populations). The Doñana cluster includes two homocarpic populations. Analyses of fragment parameters indicate that the oldest populations of H. radicata are located in Morocco and that the species expanded from this area in the Late Quaternary via at least three migratory routes, the earliest of which seems to have been to the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, with subsequent colonizations to the central Mediterranean area and the Betic Sierras. Homocarpic populations originated in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula and subsequently spread across north and central Spain, Central Europe and worldwide, where they became a highly successful weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo-1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Chung MY, Nason JD, Chung MG. Effects of population succession on demographic and genetic processes: predictions and tests in the daylily Hemerocallis thunbergii (Liliaceae). Mol Ecol 2007; 16:2816-29. [PMID: 17594450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spatial genetic structure within plant populations is influenced by variation in demographic processes through space and time, including a population's successional status. To determine how demographic structure and fine-scale genetic structure (FSGS) change with stages in a population's successional history, we studied Hemerocallis thunbergii (Liliaceae), a nocturnal flowering and hawkmoth-pollinated herbaceous perennial with rapid population turnover dynamics. We examined nine populations assigned to three successive stages of population succession: expansion, maturation, and senescence. We developed stage-specific expectations for within-population demographic and genetic structure, and then for each population quantified the spatial aggregation of individuals and genotypes using spatial autocorrelation methods (nonaccumulative O-ring and kinship statistics, respectively), and at the landscape level measured inbreeding and genetic structure using Wright's F-statistics. Analyses using the O-ring statistic revealed significant aggregation of individuals at short spatial scales in expanding and senescing populations, in particular, which may reflect restricted seed dispersal around maternal individuals combined with relatively low local population densities at these stages. Significant FSGS was found for three of four expanding, no mature, and only one senescing population, a pattern generally consistent with expectations of successional processes. Although allozyme genetic diversity was high within populations (mean %P = 78.9 and H(E) = 0.281), landscape-level differentiation among sites was also high (F(ST) = 0.166) and all populations exhibited a significant deficit of heterozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations (range F = 0.201-0.424, mean F(IS) = 0.321). Within populations, F was not correlated with the degree of FSGS, thus suggesting inbreeding due primarily to selfing as opposed to mating among close relatives in spatially structured populations. Our results demonstrate considerable variation in the spatial distribution of individuals and patterns and magnitude of FSGS in H. thunbergii populations across the landscape. This variation is generally consistent with succession-stage-specific differences in ecological processes operating within these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yoon Chung
- Department of Biology and Institute of Basic Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
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Genetic diversity in adult and seedling populations of Primula vulgaris in a fragmented agricultural landscape. CONSERV GENET 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-007-9409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Picó FX, Van Groenendael J. Large-scale plant conservation in European semi-natural grasslands: a population genetic perspective. DIVERS DISTRIB 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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