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Kotsakiozi P, Antoniou A, Psonis N, Sagonas Κ, Karameta E, Ilgaz Ç, Kumlutaş Y, Avcı A, Jablonski D, Darriba D, Stamatakis A, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. Cryptic diversity and phylogeographic patterns of Mediodactylus species in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108091. [PMID: 38719080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cryptic diversity poses a great obstacle in our attempts to assess the current biodiversity crisis and may hamper conservation efforts. The gekkonid genus Mediodactylus, a well-known case of hidden species and genetic diversity, has been taxonomically reclassified several times during the last decade. Focusing on the Mediterranean populations, a recent study within the M. kotschyi species complex using classic mtDNA/nuDNA markers suggested the existence of five distinct species, some being endemic and some possibly threatened, yet their relationships have not been fully resolved. Here, we generated genome-wide SNPs (using ddRADseq) and applied molecular species delimitation approaches and population genomic analyses to further disentangle these relationships. Τhe most extensive nuclear dataset, so far, encompassing 2,360 loci and ∼ 699,000 bp from across the genome of Mediodactylus gecko, enabled us to resolve previously obscure phylogenetic relationships among the five, recently elevated, Mediodactylus species and to support the hypothesis that the taxon includes several new, undescribed species. Population genomic analyses within each of the proposed species showed strong genetic structure and high levels of genetic differentiation among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Kotsakiozi
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Antoniou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Heraklion 71003, P.O. Box 2214, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Psonis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Κostas Sagonas
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Emmanouela Karameta
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca/İzmir 35160, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Kumlutaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca/İzmir 35160, Türkiye
| | - Aziz Avcı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09010, Türkiye
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Diego Darriba
- Computer Architecture Group, Centro de investigación CITIC, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alexandros Stamatakis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Greece; Computational Molecular Evolution Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Informatics, Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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Willemse L, Tilmans J, Kotitsa N, Trichas A, Heller KG, Chobanov D, Odé B. A review of Eupholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira. Zookeys 2023; 1151:67-158. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1151.97514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Being nocturnal, hiding in prickly bushes and shrubs during the day, Eupholidoptera species in Crete and its neighbouring islands are easily overlooked, and until now our knowledge about their distribution was based on some thirty sightings across 11 species. In this paper results are presented of a study of Eupholidoptera specimens collected between 1987 and 2020 by hand-catches and pitfall and fermenting traps on the Greek islands of Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira. Diagnostic features of all known species are presented and illustrated with stacked images. An updated key to all species is provided. Eupholidoptera francisae Tilmans & Odé, sp. nov. from Andikithira and southwestern Crete and Eupholidoptera marietheresae Willemse & Kotitsa, sp. nov. from Mt. Dikti are described. Female E. cretica, E. gemellata, and E. mariannae are described, and the female of E. astyla is redescribed. Bioacoustics for E. francisae Tilmans & Odé, sp. nov., E. giuliae, and E. jacquelinae are presented for the first time. Eupholidoptera smyrnensis is reported for the first time from Crete. A substantial amount of new distribution data for Eupholidoptera species on Crete is presented. The current distribution pattern and first analyses of phylogeny based on molecular data of Eupholidoptera species on Crete are discussed in relation to paleogeographical events.
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The evolutionary history of the relict scorpion family Iuridae of the eastern Mediterranean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 177:107622. [PMID: 36058510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Iuridae is a family of scorpions that exhibits a highly complex biogeographic and taxonomic history. Iuridae taxa are mainly found in Turkey and Greece, whereas a single species is found in northern Iraq. Several taxonomic revisions have been conducted on this family that initially comprised two genera. The latest taxonomic review, based on morphological and anatomical features, raised the number of Iuridae genera to four, and the number of species to 14. Sequence data from three molecular markers (COX1, 16S rDNA, ITS1) originating from numerous Iuridae taxa were analyzed within a phylogenetic framework. Divergence time-estimate analyses, species delimitation approaches and estimation of ancestral areas were implemented in order to: 1) reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the Iuridae taxa, 2) evaluate the morphological classifications, and 3) obtain insights into the biogeographic history of the family in the East Mediterranean. The multi-locus phylogeny clearly confirms an ancient division into two clades, Calchinae and Iurinae. Ancient patterns of isolation and dispersal are revealed. Both subfamilies are largely confined to the Anatolian peninsula and its few coastal islands; only the most derived genus Iurus has dispersed westward to Crete and Peloponnese. Based on our findings, three new genera of Iurinae (Metaiurus, Anatoliurus, and Letoiurus) are established. The genus Neocalchas emerges as one of the most ancient scorpion clades, with divergence time about 27 mya.
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Hidden in plain sight: novel molecular data reveal unexpected genetic diversity among paramphistome parasites (Digenea: Paramphistomoidea) of European water frogs. Parasitology 2022; 149:1425-1438. [PMID: 35711137 PMCID: PMC10090778 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202200083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parasites might represent a helpful tool in understanding the historical dispersion and phylogeography of their hosts. In order to reveal whether the migration routes and diversification of hosts can be traceable in the genetic structures of their parasites, we investigated the diversity of paramphistomoid trematodes of Pelophylax frogs in 2 geographically distant European regions. Water frogs belonging to the genus Pelophylax represent a striking example of a species with a high variety of ecological adaptations and a rich evolutionary history. The parasites were collected from 2 Balkan endemic species, P. epeiroticus and P. kurtmuelleri, and 2 species in Slovakia, P. esculentus and P. ridibundus. While in Slovakia, Pelophylax frogs harboured 2 species, the diplodiscid Diplodiscus subclavatus and the cladorchiid Opisthodiscus diplodiscoides, only the former was recorded in the south-western Balkans. Remarkably high genetic diversity (16 unique mitochondrial cox1 haplotypes, recognized among 60 novel sequences) was observed in D. subclavatus, and subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed a strong population-genetic structure associated with geographical distribution. We also evidenced the existence of 2 divergent D. subclavatus cox1 haplogroups in the south-western Balkans, which might be associated with the historical diversification of endemic water frogs in the regional glacial microrefugia.
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Escoriza D. Dispersal patterns of Squamata in the Mediterranean: An evolutionary perspective. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14733-14743. [PMID: 34765137 PMCID: PMC8571612 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean islands have a high diversity of squamates, although they are unevenly distributed. This variability in the composition of the reptile assemblages across islands may have been influenced by differences in the colonization abilities of these species. To evaluate the dispersal capacities of squamate species, we modeled their sea routes using cost surface models. We estimated the effects of some life-history traits and the phylogenetic signal in the characteristics of the modeled dispersal paths. We hypothesized that a significant phylogenetic signal should be present if the dispersal ability is enhanced by traits shared among evolutionarily related species. The results showed that no phylogenetic signal was present in the characteristics of the dispersal paths (i.e., in the distance traveled/bypassed sea depth). Thus, no superior island-colonizer lineages were detected in Mediterranean Squamata. However, our analyses also revealed that small-sized lizards were superior to other groups of squamates at dispersing over long distances on the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escoriza
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
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Soltan-Alinejad P, Rafinejad J, Dabiri F, Onorati P, Terenius O, Chavshin AR. Molecular analysis of the mitochondrial markers COI, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA for six species of Iranian scorpions. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:40. [PMID: 33526064 PMCID: PMC7851938 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Annually, 1.2 million humans are stung by scorpions and severely affected by their venom. Some of the scorpion species of medical importance have a similar morphology to species with low toxicity. To establish diagnostic tools for surveying scorpions, the current study was conducted to generate three mitochondrial markers, Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI gene), 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA for six species of medically important Iranian scorpions: Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta saulcyi, Mesobuthus caucasicus, M. eupeus, Odontobuthus doriae, and Scorpio maurus. Results Phylogenetic analyses of the obtained sequences corroborated the morphological identification. For the first time, 12S rDNA sequences are reported from Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta saulcyi, Mesobuthus caucasicus and M. eupeus and also the 16S rDNA sequence from Hottentotta saulcyi. We conclude that the mitochondrial markers are useful for species determination among these medically important species of scorpions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Soltan-Alinejad
- Social Determinants of Health, Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Rafinejad
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farrokh Dabiri
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Piero Onorati
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Terenius
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali Reza Chavshin
- Social Determinants of Health, Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Korábek O, Kosová T, Dolejš P, Petrusek A, Neubert E, Juřičková L. Geographic isolation and human-assisted dispersal in land snails: a Mediterranean story of Helix borealis and its relatives (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin is a major centre for land-snail diversity, with many localized endemics, but there are also species widely spread by humans. Both endemics and introductions can be found in the snail genus Helix, which comprises many large-bodied species used for human consumption in the past and present. The Mediterranean clade of Helix is currently distributed throughout this region, but the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships among its forms from different parts of the basin remain enigmatic. The reasons include insufficient sampling, taxa with unclear taxonomy and a significant impact of human-assisted transport obscuring the natural distribution of phylogenetic lineages. We provide evidence that European and Anatolian populations of H. cincta and its relatives are not native to those regions, but originate from the northern Levant. These results have implications for taxonomy of the genus, but also for the understanding of its evolutionary history. We posit that the Mediterranean clade consists of four geographically separated groups, which diversified in Northern Africa, the Apennine Peninsula and Corsica, the Aegean and Greece, and the northern Levant. This geographic pattern has been subsequently blurred by multiple instances of human-assisted dispersal. However, revealing the founding populations with certainty requires thorough sampling in currently inaccessible countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Korábek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Praha, CZ, Czechia
| | - Tereza Kosová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Praha, CZ, Czechia
| | - Petr Dolejš
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, National Museum, Cirkusová, Praha 9-Horní Počernice, CZ, Czechia
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Praha, CZ, Czechia
| | - Eike Neubert
- Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern, Bernastrasse, Bern, CH, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse, Bern, CH, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Juřičková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Praha, CZ, Czechia
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Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Aegean archipelago is among the largest on Earth with astonishing biodiversity within Europe. Its territory underwent a massive geotectonic transformation in Neogene that resulted in multitude of changes in land-sea configuration and disintegrated the formerly united Aegean land to a complicated mainland-archipelago system. Therefore, it represents an excellent laboratory for studying evolution of terrestrial fauna. In the present study, we use a model group of flightless bush crickets with annual reproduction cycle—Poecilimon jonicus species group—to trace correlation of lineage diversification with the known paleogeographic events in the Aegean area. The group belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Poecilimon and has a disjunct distribution along the Hellenic arc from southwestern Anatolia through Crete to the western Balkans and the Apennines. To test our hypothesis, we inferred phylogenetic relationships of the P. jonicus group sensu lato using a nuclear fragment covering two spacers of the ribosomal cistron (ITS1 + ITS2). To study intra-group phylogeny, we compared mitochondrial phylogenies based on two matrices—(1) a concatenated ND2 and COI dataset of 1656 bp and (2) a 16S rRNA + 12S rRNA dataset of 1835 bp. As a second step, we estimated divergence times applying Bayesian approach with BEAST and a relative rate framework with RelTime on the mitochondrial matrices. We compare trees calibrated based on evolutionary rates and tectonic events and discuss radiation scenarios in concordance with known paleogeographic events in the Aegean area. Our results revealed robust phylogeny of the Poecilimon jonicus group and confirmed a strong link between its evolution and the Aegean paleogeography. The phylogenetic relationships of the group supported reconsideration of its systematics.
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Trichas A, Smirli M, Papadopoulou A, Anastasiou I, Keskin B, Poulakakis N. Dispersal versus vicariance in the Aegean: combining molecular and morphological phylogenies of eastern Mediterranean Dendarus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) sheds new light on the phylogeography of the Aegean area. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Aegean archipelago, as an ‘evolutionary laboratory of nature’, is an ideal model for research in phylogeography. In this area, the darkling beetles of the genus Dendarus (distributed from Morocco to the Caucasus) exhibit a high level of diversity with 36 species, 27 of which are island endemics. However, their taxonomy is complex and unstable, having undergone continuous revision to address extensive morphological and ecological plasticity. Here, we examine the phylogenetic relationships of 23 species from Greece and Turkey, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences and 61 morphological characters, to unveil their phylogeny in the Aegean. This helps to clarify phylogeographic scenarios and historical processes that shaped the observed patterns. The analyses reveal 13 distinct lineages with several para- and polyphyletic cases that correspond to three major phylogroups [south/south-east Aegean (D. foraminosus complex, D. rhodius, D. sporadicus, D. wettsteini); central to north Aegean, Turkey and mainland Greece (D. crenulatus, D. moesiacus group, D. sinuatus complex, D. stygius) and mainland Greece (D. messenius, D. paganettii)], indicating the need for further taxonomic re-evaluation. Lineage topology and phylogeography suggest a spatial and temporal sequence of geographic isolation, following either a vicariant or a dispersal model coincident with major palaeogeographic separations in the Aegean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Trichas
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio, Greece
| | - Maria Smirli
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio, Greece
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio, Greece
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Anastasiou
- Section of Zoology – Marine Biology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, GR-157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Bekir Keskin
- Zoology Department, Section of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio, Greece
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio, Greece
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Ward MJ, Ellsworth SA, Nystrom GS. A global accounting of medically significant scorpions: Epidemiology, major toxins, and comparative resources in harmless counterparts. Toxicon 2018; 151:137-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kotsakiozi P, Jablonski D, Ilgaz Ç, Kumlutaş Y, Avcı A, Meiri S, Itescu Y, Kukushkin O, Gvoždík V, Scillitani G, Roussos SA, Jandzik D, Kasapidis P, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. Multilocus phylogeny and coalescent species delimitation in Kotschy's gecko, Mediodactylus kotschyi: Hidden diversity and cryptic species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 125:177-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Radenković S, Šašić Zorić L, Djan M, Obreht Vidaković D, Ačanski J, Ståhls G, Veličković N, Markov Z, Petanidou T, Kočiš Tubić N, Vujić A. Cryptic speciation in theMerodon luteomaculatuscomplex (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the eastern Mediterranean. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Radenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Šašić Zorić
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dragana Obreht Vidaković
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit; Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Nevena Veličković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Zlata Markov
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology; Department of Geography; University of the Aegean; Mytilene Greece
| | - Nataša Kočiš Tubić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
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Allegrucci G, Ketmaier V, Di Russo C, Rampini M, Sbordoni V, Cobolli M. Molecular phylogeography ofTroglophiluscave crickets (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae): A combination of vicariance and dispersal drove diversification in the East Mediterranean region. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Ketmaier
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome Sapienza; Roma Italy
| | - Claudio Di Russo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome Sapienza; Roma Italy
| | - Mauro Rampini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome Sapienza; Roma Italy
| | - Valerio Sbordoni
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Roma Italy
| | - Marina Cobolli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome Sapienza; Roma Italy
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Grabowski M, Mamos T, Bącela-Spychalska K, Rewicz T, Wattier RA. Neogene paleogeography provides context for understanding the origin and spatial distribution of cryptic diversity in a widespread Balkan freshwater amphipod. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3016. [PMID: 28265503 PMCID: PMC5333542 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Balkans are a major worldwide biodiversity and endemism hotspot. Among the freshwater biota, amphipods are known for their high cryptic diversity. However, little is known about the temporal and paleogeographic aspects of their evolutionary history. We used paleogeography as a framework for understanding the onset of diversification in Gammarus roeselii: (1) we hypothesised that, given the high number of isolated waterbodies in the Balkans, the species is characterised by high level of cryptic diversity, even on a local scale; (2) the long geological history of the region might promote pre-Pleistocene divergence between lineages; (3) given that G. roeselii thrives both in lakes and rivers, its evolutionary history could be linked to the Balkan Neogene paleolake system; (4) we inspected whether the Pleistocene decline of hydrological networks could have any impact on the diversification of G. roeselii. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA was extracted from 177 individuals collected from 26 sites all over Balkans. All individuals were amplified for ca. 650 bp long fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). After defining molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU) based on COI, 50 individuals were amplified for ca. 900 bp long fragment of the nuclear 28S rDNA. Molecular diversity, divergence, differentiation and historical demography based on COI sequences were estimated for each MOTU. The relative frequency, geographic distribution and molecular divergence between COI haplotypes were presented as a median-joining network. COI was used also to reconstruct time-calibrated phylogeny with Bayesian inference. Probabilities of ancestors' occurrence in riverine or lacustrine habitats, as well their possible geographic locations, were estimated with the Bayesian method. A Neighbour Joining tree was constructed to illustrate the phylogenetic relationships between 28S rDNA haplotypes. RESULTS We revealed that G. roeselii includes at least 13 cryptic species or molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), mostly of Miocene origin. A substantial Pleistocene diversification within-MOTUs was observed in several cases. We evidenced secondary contacts between very divergent MOTUs and introgression of nDNA. The Miocene ancestors could live in either lacustrine or riverine habitats yet their presumed geographic localisations overlapped with those of the Neogene lakes. Several extant riverine populations had Pleistocene lacustrine ancestors. DISCUSSION Neogene divergence of lineages resulting in substantial cryptic diversity may be a common phenomenon in extant freshwater benthic crustaceans occupying areas that were not glaciated during the Pleistocene. Evolution of G. roeselii could be associated with gradual deterioration of the paleolakes. The within-MOTU diversification might be driven by fragmentation of river systems during the Pleistocene. Extant ancient lakes could serve as local microrefugia during that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Remi A. Wattier
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6282, Dijon, France
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Gkontas I, Papadaki S, Trichas A, Poulakakis N. First assessment on the molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the species Gnaptor boryi distributed in Greece (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:927-934. [PMID: 27608184 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1209196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Gnaptor Brullé, 1983 (Blaptini, Gnaptorina) occurs in southeast Europe as well as in Asiatic regions. As regards its taxonomy, four morphological species have been attributed: Gnaptor boryi, G. prolixus, G. spinimanus and G. medvedevi. Here, we use two different mitochondrial genetic markers (16S and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI)) in order to investigate the relationships between the populations of the species G. boryi in Greece, compare them with the current taxonomy and conjecture about its biogeographic history. In total, 29 specimens (28 G. boryi and one G. prolixus) were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Our results clarified the presence of three well-supported lineages: two belongs to G. boryi and one to G. prolixus. The first diversification of these lineages started in the Late Miocene at 9 Mya with the split of G. prolixus from Turkey and the second major split occurred in the Early Pliocene at 3.7 Mya between the two lineages of G. boryi distributed separately in northern Greece and Peloponnesos. According to Statistical Dispersal - Vicariance Analysis and dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis analysis analyses, vicariance seems to be the biogeographic event responsible for the divergence of the two major lineages of G. boryi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkontas
- a Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering , University of Crete , Greece.,b Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering , University of Crete , Greece
| | - Stavrini Papadaki
- a Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering , University of Crete , Greece.,b Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering , University of Crete , Greece
| | - Apostolos Trichas
- b Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering , University of Crete , Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- a Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering , University of Crete , Greece.,b Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering , University of Crete , Greece
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Vitali F, Schmitt T. Ecological patterns strongly impact the biogeography of western Palaearctic longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycoidea). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-016-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kasap OE, Dvorak V, Depaquit J, Alten B, Votypka J, Volf P. Phylogeography of the subgenus Transphlebotomus Artemiev with description of two new species, Phlebotomus anatolicus n. sp. and Phlebotomus killicki n. sp. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:467-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Szarowska M, Hofman S, Osikowski A, Falniowski A. Divergence preceding island formation among Aegean insular populations of the freshwater snail genus Pseudorientalia (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea). Zoolog Sci 2015; 31:680-6. [PMID: 25284387 DOI: 10.2108/zs140070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater snails that inhabit islands are excellent model organisms for testing relationships between geological events and phylogeography, especially in the Aegean region. Although many Aegean islands were searched in the present study, species of the genus Pseudorientalia were only found on Lesvos, Samos, and Chios. Phylogenetic relationships between specimens living on these three islands were analysed using COI and 16S rRNA molecular markers and morphological data. A high level of diversity was found between islands. Genetic distances between clades showed differences high enough for the samples from different islands to be considered distinct species (p-distance: 0.105-0.133). These results are also supported by obvious morphological differences in shell morphology between islands. The mean divergence time between the Lesvos clade and Samos/Chios clade was 24.13 ± 3.30 Mya; between the Samos and Chios clades the divergence time was 14.80 ± 1.11 Mya. Our data suggest that high divergence may have occurred between Pseudorientalia populations during the Upper and Middle Miocene, when the Aegean region was part of a united landmass. It is possible that the observed highly divergent Pseudorientalia clades are relicts of high regional diversity that existed in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szarowska
- 1 Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Sagonas K, Poulakakis N, Lymberakis P, Parmakelis A, Pafilis P, Valakos ED. Molecular systematics and historical biogeography of the green lizards (Lacerta) in Greece: Insights from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:144-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Poulakakis N, Kapli P, Lymberakis P, Trichas A, Vardinoyiannis K, Sfenthourakis S, Mylonas M. A review of phylogeographic analyses of animal taxa from the Aegean and surrounding regions. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Paschalia Kapli
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Apostolos Trichas
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | | | | | - Moisis Mylonas
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
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21
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Kamilari M, Klossa-Kilia E, Kilias G, Sfenthourakis S. Old Aegean palaeoevents driving the diversification of an endemic isopod species (Oniscidea, Trachelipodidae). ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kamilari
- Division of Animal Biology; Department of Biology; School of Natural Sciences; University of Patras; Patras GR-26500 Greece
| | - Elena Klossa-Kilia
- Division of Animal Biology; Department of Biology; School of Natural Sciences; University of Patras; Patras GR-26500 Greece
| | - George Kilias
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology; School of Natural Sciences; University of Patras; GR-26500 Patras Greece
| | - Spyros Sfenthourakis
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cyprus; P.O. Box 20537 Nicosia 1678 Cyprus
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22
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Diego-García E, Caliskan F, Tytgat J. The Mediterranean scorpion Mesobuthus gibbosus (Scorpiones, Buthidae): transcriptome analysis and organization of the genome encoding chlorotoxin-like peptides. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:295. [PMID: 24746279 PMCID: PMC4234519 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcrof toxin genes of scorpion species have been published. Up to this moment, no information on the gene characterization of M. gibbosus is available. Results This study provides the first insight into gene expression in venom glands from M. gibbosus scorpion. A cDNA library was generated from the venom glands and subsequently analyzed (301 clones). Sequences from 177 high-quality ESTs were grouped as 48 Mgib sequences, of those 48 sequences, 40 (29 “singletons” and 11 “contigs”) correspond with one or more ESTs. We identified putative precursor sequences and were grouped them in different categories (39 unique transcripts, one with alternative reading frames), resulting in the identification of 12 new toxin-like and 5 antimicrobial precursors (transcripts). The analysis of the gene families revealed several new components categorized among various toxin families with effect on ion channels. Sequence analysis of a new KTx precursor provides evidence to validate a new KTx subfamily (α-KTx 27.x). A second part of this work involves the genomic organization of three Meg-chlorotoxin-like genes (ClTxs). Genomic DNA sequence reveals close similarities (presence of one same-phase intron) with the sole genomic organization of chlorotoxins ever reported (from M. martensii). Conclusions Transcriptome analysis is a powerful strategy that provides complete information of the gene expression and molecular diversity of the venom glands (telson). In this work, we generated the first catalogue of the gene expression and genomic organization of toxins from M. gibbosus. Our result represents a relevant contribution to the knowledge of toxin transcripts and complementary information related with other cell function proteins and venom peptide transcripts. The genomic organization of the chlorotoxin genes may help to understand the diversity of this gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O& N2,PO Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Parmakelis A, Kotsakiozi P, Stathi I, Poulikarakou S, Fet V. Hidden diversity ofEuscorpius(Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) in Greece revealed by multilocus species-delimitation approaches. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Parmakelis
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Panepistimioupoli Zografou GR-15784 Athens Greece
| | - Panayiota Kotsakiozi
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Panepistimioupoli Zografou GR-15784 Athens Greece
| | - Iasmi Stathi
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; GR-71409 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Stavroula Poulikarakou
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Panepistimioupoli Zografou GR-15784 Athens Greece
| | - Victor Fet
- Department of Biological Sciences; Marshall University; Huntington WV 25755 USA
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Yamashita T, Rhoads DD. Species delimitation and morphological divergence in the scorpion Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821): insights from phylogeography. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68282. [PMID: 23861878 PMCID: PMC3702564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion systematics and taxonomy have recently shown a need for revision, partially due to insights from molecular techniques. Scorpion taxonomy has been difficult with morphological characters as disagreement exists among researchers with character choice for adequate species delimitation in taxonomic studies. Within the family Buthidae, species identification and delimitation is particularly difficult due to the morphological similarity among species and extensive intraspecific morphological diversity. The genus Centruroides in the western hemisphere is a prime example of the difficulty in untangling the taxonomic complexity within buthid scorpions. In this paper, we present phylogeographic, Ecological Niche Modeling, and morphometric analyses to further understand how population diversification may have produced morphological diversity in Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821). We show that C. vittatus populations in the Big Bend and Trans-Pecos region of Texas, USA are phylogeographically distinct and may predate the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In addition, we suggest the extended isolation of Big Bend region populations may have created the C. vittatus variant once known as C. pantheriensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunemi Yamashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas, USA.
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25
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Steinbauer MJ, Irl SD, Beierkuhnlein C. Elevation-driven ecological isolation promotes diversification on Mediterranean islands. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shi CM, Ji YJ, Liu L, Wang L, Zhang DX. Impact of climate changes from Middle Miocene onwards on evolutionary diversification in Eurasia: insights from the mesobuthid scorpions. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1700-16. [PMID: 23356513 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aridification from Middle Miocene onwards has transformed the Asian interior into an arid environment, and the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial oscillations exerted further ecological impact. Therefore, both aridification and glaciation would have considerably influenced the evolution of many mid-latitude species in temperate Asia. Here, we tested this perspective by a phylogeographic study of the mesobuthid scorpions across temperate Asia using one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. Concordant mitochondrial and nuclear gene trees were obtained, which are consistent with species tree inferred using a Bayesian approach. The age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all the studied scorpions was estimated to be 12.49 Ma (late Middle Miocene); Mesobuthus eupeus diverged from the clade composing Mesobuthus caucasicus and Mesobuthus martensii in early Late Miocene (10.21 Ma); M. martensii diverged from M. caucasicus at 5.53 Ma in Late Miocene. The estimated MRCA ages of M. martensii and the Chinese lineage of M. eupeus were 2.37 and 0.68 Ma, respectively. Central Asia was identified as the ancestral area for the lineage leading to M. martensii and M. caucasicus and the Chinese lineage of M. eupeus. The ancestral habitat of the genus Mesobuthus is likely to have been characterized by an arid environment; a shift towards more humid habitat occurred in the MRCA of M. martensii and a lineage of M. caucasicus, finally leading to the adaptation of M. martensii to humid environment. Our data strongly support the idea that the stepwise intensified aridifications from Mid-Miocene onwards drove the diversification of mesobuthid scorpions, and suggest that M. martensii and M. eupeus observed today in China originated from an ancestral lineage distributed in Central Asia. Both the colonization and the ensuing evolution of these species in East Asia appear to have been further moulded by Quaternary glaciations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Bryson RW, Riddle BR, Graham MR, Smith BT, Prendini L. As Old as the hills: montane scorpions in Southwestern North America reveal ancient associations between biotic diversification and landscape history. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52822. [PMID: 23326361 PMCID: PMC3541388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The age of lineages has become a fundamental datum in studies exploring the interaction between geological transformation and biotic diversification. However, phylogeographical studies are often biased towards lineages that are younger than the geological features of the landscapes they inhabit. A temporally deeper historical biogeography framework may be required to address episodes of biotic diversification associated with geologically older landscape changes. Signatures of such associations may be retained in the genomes of ecologically specialized (stenotopic) taxa with limited vagility. In the study presented here, genetic data from montane scorpions in the Vaejovis vorhiesi group, restricted to humid rocky habitats in mountains across southwestern North America, were used to explore the relationship between scorpion diversification and regional geological history. Results Strong phylogeographical signal was evident within the vorhiesi group, with 27 geographically cohesive lineages inferred from a mitochondrial phylogeny. A time-calibrated multilocus species tree revealed a pattern of Miocene and Pliocene (the Neogene period) lineage diversification. An estimated 21 out of 26 cladogenetic events probably occurred prior to the onset of the Pleistocene, 2.6 million years ago. The best-fit density-dependent model suggested diversification rate in the vorhiesi group gradually decreased through time. Conclusions Scorpions of the vorhiesi group have had a long history in the highlands of southwestern North America. Diversification among these stenotopic scorpions appears to have occurred almost entirely within the Neogene period, and is temporally consistent with the dynamic geological history of the Basin and Range, and Colorado Plateau physiographical provinces. The persistence of separate lineages at small spatial scales suggests that a combination of ecological stenotopy and limited vagility may make these scorpions particularly valuable indicators of geomorphological evolution.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arizona
- Bayes Theorem
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Ecosystem
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genetic Speciation
- Genetic Variation
- Geography
- Molecular Sequence Data
- New Mexico
- Phylogeny
- Phylogeography/methods
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Scorpions/classification
- Scorpions/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Bryson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
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Kaya S, Boztepe Z, Çiplak B. Phylogeography ofTroglophilus(Orthoptera: Troglophilinae) based on Anatolian members of the genus: radiation of an old lineage following the Messinian. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarp Kaya
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Akdeniz University; 07058; Antalya; Turkey
| | - Zehra Boztepe
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Akdeniz University; 07058; Antalya; Turkey
| | - Battal Çiplak
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Akdeniz University; 07058; Antalya; Turkey
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Solà E, Sluys R, Gritzalis K, Riutort M. Fluvial basin history in the northeastern Mediterranean region underlies dispersal and speciation patterns in the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012. [PMID: 23182762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of eastern Mediterranean freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia, estimated divergence times for the various clades, and correlated their phylogeographic patterns with geological and paleoclimatic events, in order to discover which evolutionary processes have shaped the present-day distribution of these animals. Specimens were collected from freshwater courses and lakes in continental and insular Greece. Genetic divergences and phylogenetic relationships were inferred by using the mitochondrial gene subunit I of cytochrome oxidase (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) from 74 newly collected individuals from Greece. Divergence time estimates were obtained under a Bayesian framework, using the COI sequences. Two alternative geological dates for the isolation of Crete from the mainland were tested as calibration points. A clear phylogeographic pattern was present for Dugesia lineages in the Eastern Mediterranean. Morphological data, combined with information on genetic divergences, revealed that eight out of the nine known species were represented in the samples, while additional new, and still undescribed species were detected. Divergence time analyses suggested that Dugesia species became isolated in Crete after the first geological isolation of the island, and that their present distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean has been shaped mainly by vicariant events but also by dispersal. During the Messinian salinity crisis these freshwater planarians apparently were not able to cross the sea barrier between Crete and the mainland, while they probably did disperse between islands in the Aegean Sea. Their dependence on freshwater to survive suggests the presence of contiguous freshwater bodies in those regions. Our results also suggest a major extinction of freshwater planarians on the Peloponnese at the end of the Pliocene, while about 2Mya ago, when the current Mediterranean climate was established, these Peloponnese populations probably began to disperse again. At the end of the Pliocene or during the Pleistocene, mainland populations of Dugesia colonized the western coast, including the Ionian Islands, which were then part of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Solà
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Diego-García E, Peigneur S, Debaveye S, Gheldof E, Tytgat J, Caliskan F. Novel potassium channel blocker venom peptides from Mesobuthus gibbosus (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Toxicon 2012; 61:72-82. [PMID: 23142506 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report for the first time, the molecular, biochemical and electrophysiological characterization of the components present in the soluble venom from Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832). According to the epidemiological and clinical situation of scorpion envenomation cases M. gibbosus scorpion is one of the most important health-threatening species of Turkey. Despite the medical importance reported for M. gibbosus, there is no additional information on toxin peptides and venom components to clarify the toxic effect of the M. gibbosus sting. Biochemical characterization of the venom was performed using different protocols and techniques following a bioassay-guided strategy (HPLC, mass spectrometry and Edman degradation sequencing). Venom fractions were tested in electrophysiological assays on a panel of six K(+) channels (K(v)1.1-1.6) by using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Three new α-KTx peptides were found and called MegKTx1, MegKTx2 and MegKTx3 (M. gibbosus, K(+) channel toxin number 1-3). A cDNA library from the telson was constructed and specific screening of transcripts was performed. Biochemical and molecular characterization of MegKTx peptides and transcripts shows a relation with toxins of three different α-KTx subfamilies (α-KTx3.x, α-KTx9.x and α-KTx16.x).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Diego-García
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Leuven (KULeuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N 2, PO Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeographic history of the Greek endemic land-snail genus Codringtonia Kobelt 1898 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 62:681-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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SIMAIAKIS STYLIANOSM, DIMOPOULOU AGGELIKI, MITRAKOS ANASTASIOS, MYLONAS MOISIS, PARMAKELIS ARISTEIDIS. The evolutionary history of the Mediterranean centipede Scolopendra cingulata (Latreille, 1829) (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) across the Aegean archipelago. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Tempo and mode of species diversification in Dolichopoda cave crickets (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 60:108-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Velonà A, Luchetti A, Ghesini S, Marini M, Mantovani B. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers highlight the biodiversity of Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabricius, 1793) (Insecta, Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) in the Mediterranean area. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011; 101:353-364. [PMID: 21226979 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531000060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The biodiversity of the European termite Kalotermes flavicollis is here studied through the analysis of mitochondrial (303 bp of control region and 912 bp of COI/tRNA(Leu)/COII) and nuclear (five microsatellite and 20 Inter-SINE loci) markers on 18 colonies collected in Southern France, Corsica, Sardinia, peninsular Italy, the Balkans and Greece. Different statistical analyses (Bayesian phylogenetic analysis,parsimony network, F-statistics, PCA) were performed. Mitochondrial sequences produced an unresolved polytomy including samples from peninsular Italy, Balkans and Greece, and three main clades: southern France, Corsica-Sardinia and Portoscuso(SW Sardinia). Nuclear markers confirm these data, further highlighting a more significant divergence at the regional scale. The results obtained for the peri-Tyrrhenian area agree with major paleogeographic and paleoclimatic events that shaped the biodiversity of the local fauna. K. flavicollis biodiversity and its phylogeographic pattern are also evaluated in the light of the data available for the other native European termite taxon (genus Reticulitermes), in order to produce a more complete scenario of the Mediterranean. In the area comprised between southern France and Italy, the degree of diversity is similar; however, in the eastern area, while K. flavicollis is differentiated only at the population level, the genus Reticulitermes comprises at least six entities of specific and/or subspecific level. This discrepancy may be explained by taking into account the different evolutionary histories of the two taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Velonà
- Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
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Falniowski A, Szarowska M. Radiation and Phylogeography in a Spring SnailBythinella(Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rissooidea) in Continental Greece. ANN ZOOL FENN 2011. [DOI: 10.5735/086.048.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Evolution of freshwater crab diversity in the Aegean region (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Simaiakis SM, Giokas S, Korsós Z. Morphometric and meristic diversity of the species Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) in the Mediterranean region. ZOOL ANZ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Examining the relationship between total species richness and single island palaeo- and neo-endemics. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Mirshamsi O, Sari A, Elahi E, Hosseinie S. Phylogenetic relationships ofMesobuthus eupeus(C.L. Koch, 1839) inferred fromCOIsequences (Scorpiones: Buthidae). J NAT HIST 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.512400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Akın Ç, Bilgin CC, Beerli P, Westaway R, Ohst T, Litvinchuk SN, Uzzell T, Bilgin M, Hotz H, Guex GD, Plötner J. Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in eastern Mediterranean water frogs have been determined by geological processes and climate change in the Late Cenozoic. JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 2010; 37:2111-2124. [PMID: 22473251 PMCID: PMC3004368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM: Our aims were to assess the phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in eastern Mediterranean water frogs and to estimate divergence times using different geological scenarios. We related divergence times to past geological events and discuss the relevance of our data for the systematics of eastern Mediterranean water frogs. LOCATION: The eastern Mediterranean region. METHODS: Genetic diversity and divergence were calculated using sequences of two protein-coding mitochondrial (mt) genes: ND2 (1038 bp, 119 sequences) and ND3 (340 bp, 612 sequences). Divergence times were estimated in a Bayesian framework under four geological scenarios representing alternative possible geological histories for the eastern Mediterranean. We then compared the different scenarios using Bayes factors and additional geological data. RESULTS: Extensive genetic diversity in mtDNA divides eastern Mediterranean water frogs into six main haplogroups (MHG). Three MHGs were identified on the Anatolian mainland; the most widespread MHG with the highest diversity is distributed from western Anatolia to the northern shore of the Caspian Sea, including the type locality of Pelophylax ridibundus. The other two Anatolian MHGs are restricted to south-eastern Turkey, occupying localities west and east of the Amanos mountain range. One of the remaining three MHGs is restricted to Cyprus; a second to the Levant; the third was found in the distribution area of European lake frogs (P. ridibundus group), including the Balkans. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Based on geological evidence and estimates of genetic divergence we hypothesize that the water frogs of Cyprus have been isolated from the Anatolian mainland populations since the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), i.e. since c. 5.5-5.3 Ma, while our divergence time estimates indicate that the isolation of Crete from the mainland populations (Peloponnese, Anatolia) most likely pre-dates the MSC. The observed rates of divergence imply a time window of c. 1.6-1.1 million years for diversification of the largest Anatolian MHG; divergence between the two other Anatolian MHGs may have begun about 3.0 Ma, apparently as a result of uplift of the Amanos Mountains. Our mtDNA data suggest that the Anatolian water frogs and frogs from Cyprus represent several undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Akın
- Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Can Bilgin
- Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Peter Beerli
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA
| | - Rob Westaway
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computing and Technology, The Open University, Abbots Hill, Gateshead NE8 3DF, UK, and IRES, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Torsten Ohst
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Spartak N. Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospekt 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Thomas Uzzell
- Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Ecology, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 B. F. Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Metin Bilgin
- Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hansjürg Hotz
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaston-Denis Guex
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Velonà A, Ghesini S, Luchetti A, Marini M, Mantovani B. Starting from Crete, a phylogenetic re-analysis of the genus Reticulitermes in the Mediterranean area. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:1051-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Panitsa M, Trigas P, Iatrou G, Sfenthourakis S. Factors affecting plant species richness and endemism on land-bridge islands – An example from the East Aegean archipelago. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Nestedness in centipede (Chilopoda) assemblages on continental islands (Aegean, Greece). ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Three Continents Claiming an Archipelago: The Evolution of Aegean’s Herpetofaunal Diversity. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/d2020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Kamilari M, Sfenthourakis S. A morphometric approach to the geographic variation of the terrestrial isopod speciesArmadillo tuberculatus(Isopoda: Oniscidea). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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SEABRA SOFIAG, QUARTAU JOSÉA, BRUFORD MICHAELW. Spatio-temporal genetic variation in sympatric and allopatric Mediterranean Cicada species (Hemiptera, Cicadidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Luchetti A, Marini M, Mantovani B. Filling the European gap: Biosystematics of the eusocial system Reticulitermes (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) in the Balkanic Peninsula and Aegean area. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 45:377-83. [PMID: 17768073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luchetti
- Università di Bologna, Dept. Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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48
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Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N, Manthalou G, Tsigenopoulos CS, Magoulas A, Mylonas M. Mitochondrial phylogeography of Rana (Pelophylax) populations in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 44:115-25. [PMID: 17467301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships in the western fraction of Rana (Pelophylax) have not been resolved till now, even though several works have been devoted to the subject. Here, we infer phylogenetic relationships among the species distributed in the area of the Eastern Mediterranean, comparing partial mitochondrial DNA sequences for the cytochrome b and 16S rRNA genes. The obtained molecular data clearly indicate that Western Palearctic water frogs underwent a basal radiation into at least 3 major lineages (the perezi, the lessonae, and the rindibunda/bedriagae lineages) advocating an upper Miocene speciation. Moreover, we consider that within the rindibunda/bedriagae lineage, R. (P.) ridibunda, R. (P.) epeirotica, R. (P.) cretensis, R. (P.) bedriagae, R. (P.) cerigensis and R. (P.) kurtmuelleri were differentiated from a common ancestor through a series of vicariant and dispersal events, during the last approximately 5Mya, even though the specific rank of some taxa may be questionable, such as R. cerigensis in respect with R. bedriagae and R. kurtmuelleri in respect with R. ridibunda.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Irakleio, Crete, Greece
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49
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Schmitt T. Molecular biogeography of Europe: Pleistocene cycles and postglacial trends. Front Zool 2007. [PMID: 17439649 DOI: 10.1186/1742‐9994‐4‐11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The climatic cycles with subsequent glacial and intergalcial periods have had a great impact on the distribution and evolution of species. Using genetic analytical tools considerably increased our understanding of these processes. In this review I therefore give an overview of the molecular biogeography of Europe. For means of simplification, I distinguish between three major biogeographical entities: (i) "Mediterranean" with Mediterranean differentiation and dispersal centres, (ii) "Continental" with extra-Mediterranean centres and (iii) "Alpine" and/or "Arctic" with recent alpine and/or arctic distribution patterns. These different molecular biogeographical patterns are presented using actual examples. Many "Mediterranean" species are differentiated into three major European genetic lineages, which are due to glacial isolation in the three major Mediterranean peninsulas. Postglacial expansion in this group of species is mostly influenced by the barriers of the Pyrenees and the Alps with four resulting main patterns of postglacial range expansions. However, some cases are known with less than one genetic lineage per Mediterranean peninsula on the one hand, and others with a considerable genetic substructure within each of the Mediterranean peninsulas, Asia Minor and the Maghreb. These structures within the Mediterranean sub-centres are often rather strong and in several cases even predate the Pleistocene. For the "Continental" species, it could be shown that the formerly supposed postglacial spread from eastern Palearctic expansion centres is mostly not applicable. Quite the contrary, most of these species apparently had extra-Mediterranean centres of survival in Europe with special importance of the perialpine regions, the Carpathian Basin and parts of the Balkan Peninsula. In the group of "Alpine" and/or "Arctic" species, several molecular biogeographical patterns have been found, which support and improve the postulates based on distribution patterns and pollen records. Thus, genetic studies support the strong linkage between southwestern Alps and Pyrenees, northeastern Alps and Carpathians as well as southeastern Alps and the Dinaric mountain systems, hereby allowing conclusions on the glacial distribution patterns of these species. Furthermore, genetic analyses of arctic-alpine disjunct species support their broad distribution in the periglacial areas at least during the last glacial period. The detailed understanding of the different phylogeographical structures is essential for the management of the different evolutionary significant units of species and the conservation of their entire genetic diversity. Furthermore, the distribution of genetic diversity due to biogeographical reasons helps understanding the differing regional vulnerabilities of extant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Biogeographie, Fachbereich VI, Wissenschaftspark Trier-Petrisberg, Universität Trier, D - 54286 Trier, Germany.
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50
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Schmitt T. Molecular biogeography of Europe: Pleistocene cycles and postglacial trends. Front Zool 2007; 4:11. [PMID: 17439649 PMCID: PMC1868914 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-4-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The climatic cycles with subsequent glacial and intergalcial periods have had a great impact on the distribution and evolution of species. Using genetic analytical tools considerably increased our understanding of these processes. In this review I therefore give an overview of the molecular biogeography of Europe. For means of simplification, I distinguish between three major biogeographical entities: (i) "Mediterranean" with Mediterranean differentiation and dispersal centres, (ii) "Continental" with extra-Mediterranean centres and (iii) "Alpine" and/or "Arctic" with recent alpine and/or arctic distribution patterns. These different molecular biogeographical patterns are presented using actual examples. Many "Mediterranean" species are differentiated into three major European genetic lineages, which are due to glacial isolation in the three major Mediterranean peninsulas. Postglacial expansion in this group of species is mostly influenced by the barriers of the Pyrenees and the Alps with four resulting main patterns of postglacial range expansions. However, some cases are known with less than one genetic lineage per Mediterranean peninsula on the one hand, and others with a considerable genetic substructure within each of the Mediterranean peninsulas, Asia Minor and the Maghreb. These structures within the Mediterranean sub-centres are often rather strong and in several cases even predate the Pleistocene. For the "Continental" species, it could be shown that the formerly supposed postglacial spread from eastern Palearctic expansion centres is mostly not applicable. Quite the contrary, most of these species apparently had extra-Mediterranean centres of survival in Europe with special importance of the perialpine regions, the Carpathian Basin and parts of the Balkan Peninsula. In the group of "Alpine" and/or "Arctic" species, several molecular biogeographical patterns have been found, which support and improve the postulates based on distribution patterns and pollen records. Thus, genetic studies support the strong linkage between southwestern Alps and Pyrenees, northeastern Alps and Carpathians as well as southeastern Alps and the Dinaric mountain systems, hereby allowing conclusions on the glacial distribution patterns of these species. Furthermore, genetic analyses of arctic-alpine disjunct species support their broad distribution in the periglacial areas at least during the last glacial period. The detailed understanding of the different phylogeographical structures is essential for the management of the different evolutionary significant units of species and the conservation of their entire genetic diversity. Furthermore, the distribution of genetic diversity due to biogeographical reasons helps understanding the differing regional vulnerabilities of extant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Biogeographie, Fachbereich VI, Wissenschaftspark Trier-Petrisberg, Universität Trier, D - 54286 Trier, Germany.
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