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Wu Q, Dong S, Zhao Y, Yang L, Qi X, Ren Z, Dong S, Cheng J. Genetic diversity, population genetic structure and gene flow in the rare and endangered wild plant Cypripedium macranthos revealed by genotyping-by-sequencing. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:254. [PMID: 37189068 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow in plant populations and their influencing factors are important in conservation biology. Cypripedium macranthos is one of the few wild orchids with high ornamental value in northern China. However, over the past decade, excessive collection, trading, tourism development, habitat fragmentation, deceptive pollination, and seed germination difficulties have all caused a sharp decline in the number of C. macranthos individuals and its population. In order to propose a scientific and effective conservation strategy, the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow of the current CM population are urgent scientific issues to be clarified. RESULTS Here, 99 individuals of C. macranthos from north and northeast China were analyzed to evaluate the genetic diversity, gene flow among populations, and genetic structure by genotyping-by-sequencing. More than 68.44 Gb high-quality clean reads and 41,154 SNPs were obtained. Our data based on bioinformatics methods revealed that C. macranthos has lower genetic diversity, high levels of historical gene flow, and moderate-to-high genetic differentiation between populations. The gene migration model revealed that the direction of gene flow was mainly from northeast populations to north populations in China. The results of genetic structure analysis showed that 11 C. macranthos populations can be considered as two groups, and further divided into four subgroups. Moreover, the Mantel test detected no significant "Isolation by Distance" between populations. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the present genetic diversity and genetic structure of C. macranthos populations were mainly caused by biological characteristics, human interference, habitat fragmentation, and restricted gene flow. Finally, constructive measures, which can provide a basis for the proposal of conservation strategies, have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Dong
- Department of Yichun, Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Yichun, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujin Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihe Ren
- Management Office of Hebei Dahaituo National Nature Reserve, Chicheng, Hebei, China
| | - Shubin Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Gamba D, Muchhala N. Pollinator type strongly impacts gene flow within and among plant populations for six Neotropical species. Ecology 2023; 104:e3845. [PMID: 36224746 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Animal pollinators directly affect plant gene flow by transferring pollen grains between individuals. Pollinators with restricted mobility are predicted to limit gene flow within and among populations, whereas pollinators that fly longer distances are likely to promote genetic cohesion. These predictions, however, remain poorly tested. We examined population genetic structure and fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) in six perennial understory angiosperms in Andean cloud forests of northwestern Ecuador. Species belong to three families (Gesneriaceae, Melastomataceae, and Rubiaceae), and within each family we paired one insect-pollinated with one hummingbird-pollinated species, predicting that insect-pollinated species have greater population differentiation (as quantified with the FST statistic) and stronger FSGS (as quantified with the SP statistic) than hummingbird-pollinated species. We confirmed putative pollinators through a literature review and fieldwork, and inferred population genetic parameters with a genome-wide genotyping approach. In two of the three species pairs, insect-pollinated species had much greater (>2-fold) population-level genetic differentiation and correspondingly steeper declines in fine-scale genetic relatedness. In the Gesneriaceae pair, however, FST and SP values were similar between species and to those of the other hummingbird-pollinated plants. In this pair, the insect pollinators are euglossine bees (as opposed to small bees and flies in the other pairs), which are thought to forage over large areas, and therefore may provide similar levels of gene flow as hummingbirds. Overall, our results shed light on how different animal pollination modes influence the spatial scale of plant gene flow, suggesting that small insects strongly decrease genetic cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gamba
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri at Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri at Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Butcher CL, Rubin BY, Anderson SL, Lewis JD. Long-Distance Pollen Dispersal in Urban Green Roof and Ground-Level Habitats. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.790464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-distance pollen dispersal is critical for gene flow in plant populations, yet pollen dispersal patterns in urban habitats such as green roofs have not been extensively studied. Pollen dispersal patterns typically are assessed either by fitting non-linear models to the relationship between the degree of pollen dispersal and distance to the pollen source (i.e., curve fitting), or by fitting probability density functions (PDFs) to pollen dispersal probability histograms (i.e., PDF fitting). Studies using curve fitting typically report exponential decay patterns in pollen dispersal. However, PDF fitting typically produces more fat-tailed distributions, suggesting the exponential decay may not be the best fitting model. Because the two approaches may yield conflicting results, we used both approaches to examine pollen dispersal patterns in the wind-pollinated Amaranthus tuberculatus and the insect-pollinated Solanum lycopersicum at two green roof and two ground-level sites in the New York (NY, United States) metropolitan area. For the curve fitting analyses, the exponential decay and inverse power curves provided good fits to pollen dispersal patterns across both green roof and ground-level sites for both species. Similar patterns were observed with the PDF fitting analyses, where the exponential or inverse Gaussian were the top PDF at most sites for both species. While the curve fitting results are consistent with other studies, the results differ from most studies using PDF fitting, where long-distance pollen dispersal is more common than we observed. These results highlight the need for further research to compare curve and PDF fitting for predicting pollen dispersal patterns. And, critically, while long-distance pollen dispersal may be an important component of overall pollen dispersal for A. tuberculatus and S. lycopersicum in both urban green roof and ground-level sites, our results suggest it potentially may occur to a lesser extent compared with plants in less-urban areas.
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Carrete M, Hiraldo F, Romero-Vidal P, Blanco G, Hernández-Brito D, Sebastián-González E, Díaz-Luque JA, Tella JL. Worldwide Distribution of Antagonistic-Mutualistic Relationships Between Parrots and Palms. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.790883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palms, like all plants, show coevolutionary relationships with animals that have been traditionally categorized as mutualistic (seed dispersers and pollinators) or antagonistic (seed predators). This dual perspective, however, has prevented a full understanding of their true interactions with some animal groups, mainly those that do not ingest entire fruits. One clear example is parrots, which have been described to use palm species as feeding resources, while their role as seed dispersers has been largely neglected. Here, we combined fieldwork data with information from the literature and citizen science (i.e., naturalists and nature photographers) on parrot foraging ecology worldwide to evaluate the spatial and taxonomic extent of parrot-palm interactions and to identify the eco-evolutionary factors involved. We identified 1,189 interactions between 135 parrots and 107 palm species in more than 50 countries across the six realms where palms are present as natives or introduced. Combining this information, we identified 427 unique parrot-palm interacting pairs (i.e., a parrot species interacting with a palm species). Pure antagonistic interactions (i.e., parrots just preying on seeds or eating or destroying their non-reproductive parts) were less common (5%) than mutualistic ones (i.e., parrots benefiting by partially preying on the seed or fruit or consuming the pulp of the fruit or the flower but also contributing to seed dispersal and, potentially, pollination; 89%). After controlling for phylogeny, the size of consumed seeds and parrot body mass were positively related. Seed dispersal distances varied among palm species (range of estimated median dispersal distances: 9–250 m), with larger parrots dispersing seeds at greater distances, especially large fruits commonly categorized as megafauna anachronisms (>4 cm length). Although parrot-palm interactions are widespread, several factors (e.g., social behavior, predation fear, food availability, or seasonality) may affect the actual position of parrots on the antagonism-mutualism continuum for different palm species and regions, deserving further research. Meanwhile, the pervasiveness of parrot-palm mutualistic interactions, mainly involving seed dispersal and pollination, should not be overlooked in studies of palm ecology and evolution.
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Xiang WQ, Malabrigo PL, Tang L, Ren MX. Limited-Distance Pollen Dispersal and Low Paternal Diversity in a Bird-Pollinated Self-Incompatible Tree. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:806217. [PMID: 35283871 PMCID: PMC8914170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.806217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bird pollination in Asia is regarded as an uncommon phenomenon and, therefore, only a few investigations on mating pattern and paternity in fruits of Asian bird-pollinated plants have been conducted. Here, we examined spatial genetic structure, pollen dispersal, and multiple paternity in a natural population of Bombax ceiba (B. ceiba) (Malvaceae) in Hainan Island, South China, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A low genetic diversity (H e = 0.351 ± 0.0341 and 0.389 ± 0.043, respectively, for adults and offspring) and bottleneck effects were observed. Genetic kinship was significant within 400 m or in 1,800-3,800 m. Both the mating pattern and paternity analysis confirmed obligate xenogamy and a low multiple paternity in B. ceiba. There was a strongly negative relationship between the frequency of matings and the distance between mating pairs. The average pollen dispersal distance was 202.89 ± 41.01 m (mean ± SE) and the farthest distance of > 1 km was recorded. Realized mating events showed an extremely leptokurtic distribution within 1,200 m, suggesting that the pollen dispersal distance was consistent with the optimal foraging theory of generalist birds such as Zosterops spp. and Pycnonotus spp. Paternity per tree ranged from two to six and the average effective number of pollen donors per maternal plant was 3.773, suggesting a low level of paternity diversity as compared to other bird-pollinated plants. We concluded that optimal foraging behavior by generalist birds could explain the leptokurtic pollen dispersal distribution and predominantly near-neighbor matings in B. ceiba. The limited pollen dispersal distance and low multiple paternity were consistent with low fruit setting rate (3.27 ± 0.93%) in this self-incompatible tree, which was caused mainly by the restricted flight distance of birds and human disturbances. Low genetic diversity and significant spatial genetic structure might have largely resulted from logging and human collection of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Pastor L. Malabrigo
- Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Gosper CR, Coates DJ, Hopper SD, Byrne M, Yates CJ. The role of landscape history in the distribution and conservation of threatened flora in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The flora of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) is characterized by remarkable richness, endemism, spatial turnover and numbers of threatened taxa. Increasingly, evolutionary history is recognized as contributing to SWAFR biogeographical patterns, culminating in the theory of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) [and their counterpoint: young, often disturbed, fertile landscapes (YODFELs)]. For the SWAFR, we: (1) developed a spatially explicit distribution of OCBILs and YODFELs; (2) analysed the spatial distribution of Threatened and Priority (Data Deficient) flora; and (3) tested the hypotheses that Threatened and Priority flora will be most strongly represented in OCBILs and will have small geographical ranges. We found that OCBILs and YODFELs dominated spatially distinct portions of the SWAFR. Threatened and Priority flora were not uniformly or randomly distributed and were more strongly characterized by narrow-range endemics than the non-Threatened flora. The occurrence of Threatened and Priority flora was positively correlated with the age of surface exposure of landscape features and unique geological features of limited extent (if not YODFELs). The concentration of Threatened flora in OCBILs provides the opportunity to improve conservation management through investigations of how plant traits favoured by evolution in OCBILs might increase or decrease the susceptibility of the flora to anthropogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Gosper
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia, Foreshore House, Proudlove Parade, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Colin J Yates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, Australia
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Unexpectedly low paternal diversity is associated with infrequent pollinator visitation for a bird-pollinated plant. Oecologia 2021; 196:937-950. [PMID: 33870456 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour of pollinators has important consequences for plant mating. Nectar-feeding birds often display behaviour that results in more pollen carryover than insect pollinators, which is predicted to result in frequent outcrossing and high paternal diversity for bird-pollinated plants. We tested this prediction by quantifying mating system parameters and bird visitation in three populations of an understory bird-pollinated herb, Anigozanthos humilis (Haemodoraceae). Microsatellite markers were used to genotype 131 adult plants, and 211 seeds from 23 maternal plants, from three populations. While outcrossing rates were high, estimates of paternal diversity were surprisingly low compared with other bird-pollinated plants. Despite nectar-feeding birds being common at the study sites, visits to A. humilis flowers were infrequent (62 visits over 21,552 recording hours from motion-triggered cameras, or equivalent to one visit per flower every 10 days), and the majority (76%) were by a single species, the western spinebill Acanthorhynchus superciliosus (Meliphagidae). Pollen counts from 30 captured honeyeaters revealed that A. humilis comprised just 0.3% of the total pollen load. For 10 western spinebills, A. humilis pollen comprised only 4.1% of the pollen load, which equated to an average of 3.9 A. humilis pollen grains per bird. Taken together, our findings suggest that low visitation rates and low pollen loads of floral visitors have led to the low paternal diversity observed in this understory bird-pollinated herb. As such, we shed new light on the conditions that can lead to departures from high paternal diversity for plants competing for the pollination services of generalist nectar-feeding birds.
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Wessinger CA. From pollen dispersal to plant diversification: genetic consequences of pollination mode. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3125-3132. [PMID: 33159813 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators influence patterns of plant speciation, and one intuitive hypothesis is that pollinators affect rates of plant diversification through their effects on pollen dispersal. By specifying mating events and pollen flow across the landscape, distinct types of pollinators may cause different opportunities for allopatric speciation. This pollen dispersal-dependent speciation hypothesis predicts that pollination mode has effects on the spatial context of mating events that scale up to impact population structure and rates of species formation. Here I consider recent comparative studies, including genetic analyses of plant mating events, population structure and comparative phylogenetic analyses, to examine evidence for this model. These studies suggest that highly mobile pollinators conduct greater gene flow within and among populations, compared to less mobile pollinators. These differences influence patterns of population structure across the landscape. However, the effects of pollination mode on speciation rates is less predictable. In some contexts, the predicted effects of pollen dispersal are outweighed by other factors that govern speciation rates. A multiscale approach to examine effects of pollination mode on plant mating system, population structure and rates of diversification is key to determining the role of pollen dispersal on plant speciation for model clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Wessinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 27708, USA
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Encinas‐Viso F, McDonald‐Spicer C, Knerr N, Thrall PH, Broadhurst L. Different landscape effects on the genetic structure of two broadly distributed woody legumes, Acacia salicina and A. stenophylla (Fabaceae). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13476-13487. [PMID: 33304553 PMCID: PMC7713966 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring degraded landscapes has primarily focused on re-establishing native plant communities. However, little is known with respect to the diversity and distribution of most key revegetation species or the environmental and anthropogenic factors that may affect their demography and genetic structure. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of two widespread Australian legume species (Acacia salicina and Acacia stenophylla) in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), a large agriculturally utilized region in Australia, and assessed the impact of landscape structure on genetic differentiation. We used AFLP genetic data and sampled a total of 28 A. salicina and 30 A. stenophylla sampling locations across southeastern Australia. We specifically evaluated the importance of four landscape features: forest cover, land cover, water stream cover, and elevation. We found that both species had high genetic diversity (mean percentage of polymorphic loci, 55.1% for A. salicina versus. 64.3% for A. stenophylla) and differentiation among local sampling locations (A. salicina: ΦPT = 0.301, 30%; A. stenophylla: ΦPT = 0.235, 23%). Population structure analysis showed that both species had high levels of structure (6 clusters each) and admixture in some sampling locations, particularly A. stenophylla. Although both species have a similar geographic range, the drivers of genetic connectivity for each species were very different. Genetic variation in A. salicina seems to be mainly driven by geographic distance, while for A. stenophylla, land cover appears to be the most important factor. This suggests that for the latter species, gene flow among populations is affected by habitat fragmentation. We conclude that these largely co-occurring species require different management actions to maintain population connectivity. We recommend active management of A. stenophylla in the MDB to improve gene flow in the adversity of increasing disturbances (e.g., droughts) driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiana McDonald‐Spicer
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity ResearchCSIROCanberraACTAustralia
- The Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Nunzio Knerr
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity ResearchCSIROCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | - Linda Broadhurst
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity ResearchCSIROCanberraACTAustralia
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Butcher CL, Rubin BY, Anderson SL, Lewis JD. Pollen dispersal patterns differ among sites for a wind-pollinated species and an insect-pollinated species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1504-1517. [PMID: 33108685 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Pollen dispersal, the main component of overall plant gene flow, generally decreases with increasing distance from the pollen source, but the pattern of this relationship may differ among sites. Although site-based differences in pollen dispersal may lead to over- or underestimation of gene flow, no studies have investigated pollen dispersal patterns among differing urban site types, despite the incongruent range of habitats in urban areas. METHODS We used paternity assignment to assess pollen dispersal patterns in a wind-pollinated species (waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatus) and in an insect-pollinated species (tomato; Solanum lycopersicum) in experimental arrays at four disparate sites (two roof-level sites, two ground-level sites) in the New York (New York, USA) metropolitan area. RESULTS The number of seeds or fruits, a proxy for the number of flowers pollinated, decreased with increasing distance from the pollen donors at all sites for both species. However, the mean number of Amaranthus tuberculatusseeds produced at a given distance differed two-fold among sites, while the slope of the relationship between Solanum lycopersicumfruit production and distance differed by a factor of four among sites. CONCLUSIONS Pollen dispersal patterns may differ substantially among sites, both in the amount of pollen dispersed at a given distance and in the proportional decrease in pollen dispersal with increasing distance, and these effects may act independently. Accordingly, the capacity of plant species to adapt to climate change and other selection pressures may be different from predictions based on pollen dispersal patterns at a single location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Butcher
- Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, 31 Whippoorwill Road, Armonk, New York, 10504, USA
- Center for Urban Ecology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York, 10458, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York, 10458, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Northwood University, 4000 Whiting Drive, Midland, Michigan, 48640, USA
| | - Berish Y Rubin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York, 10458, USA
| | - Sylvia L Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York, 10458, USA
| | - James D Lewis
- Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, 31 Whippoorwill Road, Armonk, New York, 10504, USA
- Center for Urban Ecology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York, 10458, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York, 10458, USA
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Lompo D, Vinceti B, Konrad H, Duminil J, Geburek T. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating, and gene dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations with different levels of habitat fragmentation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1041-1053. [PMID: 32638366 PMCID: PMC7496244 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE A good understanding of genetic variation and gene dispersal in tree populations is crucial for their sustainable management, particularly in a context of rapid environmental changes. West African Sudanian savannahs are being fragmented and degraded, partly due to expansion of crop cultivation and monocultures that reduce tree density and may impact pollinators. The population dynamics of important indigenous trees could also be affected. We investigated the influence of habitat fragmentation on patterns of genetic diversity and gene dispersal of a key Sudanian agroforestry tree species, Parkia biglobosa. METHODS Using 10 highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites, we genotyped 2475 samples from reproductive trees, seedlings, and embryos in four tree populations presenting different levels of habitat fragmentation. RESULTS Parkia biglobosa presented similar high genetic diversity across the four populations studied. Genetic diversity and inbreeding were similar between adults and embryo cohorts. In all four populations, the selfing rate was less than 1%. The effective number of pollen donors per tree was high (NEP ~ 18-22), as was the pollen immigration rate (from 34 to 74%). Pollen dispersal was characterized by a fat-tailed distribution with mean estimates exceeding 200 m. In three populations, stem diameter had a pronounced effect on male reproductive success. Here, the highest male reproductive success was observed in trees with a diameter at breast height between 60 and 75 cm. CONCLUSIONS At the scale analyzed, fragmentation does not seem to pose limitations to gene flow in any of the sites investigated, regardless of the landscape configuration associated with the different tree stands. The study provides useful insights on the reproductive biology of an important tree species in the West African savannahs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djingdia Lompo
- Centre National de Semences Forestières01 BP 2682Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso
- Department of Forest GeneticsAustrian Research and Training Centre for ForestsSeckendorff‐Gudent‐Weg 81131ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Vinceti
- Bioversity InternationalViale Tre Denari 47200054MaccareseRomeItaly
| | - Heino Konrad
- Department of Forest GeneticsAustrian Research and Training Centre for ForestsSeckendorff‐Gudent‐Weg 81131ViennaAustria
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- Bioversity InternationalViale Tre Denari 47200054MaccareseRomeItaly
- UMR‐DIADEInstitut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUniv. MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, CP160 ⁄ 12Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles50 Av. F. Roosevelt1050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Thomas Geburek
- Department of Forest GeneticsAustrian Research and Training Centre for ForestsSeckendorff‐Gudent‐Weg 81131ViennaAustria
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12
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Millar MA, Coates DJ, Byrne M, Krauss SL, Williams MR, Jonson J, Hopper SD. Pollen dispersal, pollen immigration, mating and genetic diversity in restoration of the southern plains Banksia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvaluation of patterns of pollen dispersal, mating systems, population fitness, genetic diversity and differentiation in restoration and remnant plant populations can be useful in determining how well restoration activities have achieved their objectives. We used molecular tools to assess how well restoration objectives have been met for populations of Banksia media in the biodiversity hotspot of south-west Western Australia. We characterized patterns of pollen dispersal within, and pollen immigration into, two restoration populations. We compared mating system parameters, population fitness via seed weight, genetic diversity and genetic differentiation for restoration and associated reference remnant populations. Different patterns of pollen dispersal were revealed for two restoration sites that differed in floral display, spatial aggregation of founders and co-planted species. Proximity to remnant native vegetation was associated with enhanced immigration and more short-range pollen dispersal when other population variables were constant. Greater seed weights at remnant compared to restoration populations were not related to outcrossing rate. Equivalent mating system and genetic diversity parameters and low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation between restoration and remnant populations suggest pollinator services have been restored in genetically diverse restoration populations of local provenance B. media as early as four years from planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Millar
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kattidj Close, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew R Williams
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Justin Jonson
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
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13
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Deng JY, van Noort S, Compton SG, Chen Y, Greeff JM. The genetic consequences of habitat specificity for fig trees in southern African fragmented forests. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Pauw A. A Bird's-Eye View of Pollination: Biotic Interactions as Drivers of Adaptation and Community Change. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nectarivorous birds and bird-pollinated plants are linked by a network of interactions. Here I ask how these interactions influence evolution and community composition. I find near complete evidence for the effect of birds on plant evolution. Experiments show the process in action—birds select among floral phenotypes in a population—and comparative studies find the resulting pattern—bird-pollinated species have long-tubed, red flowers with large nectar volumes. Speciation is accomplished in one “magical” step when adaptation for bird pollination brings about divergent morphology and reproductive isolation. In contrast, evidence that plants drive bird evolution is fragmentary. Studies of selection on population-level variation are lacking, but the resulting pattern is clear—nectarivorous birds have evolved a remarkable number of times and often have long bills and brush-tipped or tubular tongues. At the level of the ecological guild, birds select among plant species via an effect on seed set and thus determine plant community composition. Plants simultaneously influence the relative fitness of bird species and thus determine the composition of the bird guild. Interaction partners may give one guild member a constant fitness advantage, resulting in competitive exclusion and community change, or may act as limiting resources that depress the fitness of frequent species, thus stabilizing community composition and allowing the coexistence of diversity within bird and plant guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Pauw
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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15
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Bezemer N, Hopper SD, Krauss SL, Phillips RD, Roberts DG. Primary pollinator exclusion has divergent consequences for pollen dispersal and mating in different populations of a bird‐pollinated tree. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4883-4898. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bezemer
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
| | - Siegy L. Krauss
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
- Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Ryan D. Phillips
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - David G. Roberts
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
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16
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Delnevo N, van Etten EJ, Byrne M, Stock WD. Floral display and habitat fragmentation: Effects on the reproductive success of the threatened mass-flowering Conospermum undulatum (Proteaceae). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11494-11503. [PMID: 31641488 PMCID: PMC6802041 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of natural vegetation is currently one of the largest threats to plant populations and their interactions with pollinators. Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation has been investigated in many species; however, the response of wild mass-flowering species is poorly known, with research limited to mainly boreal plant species.Here, we studied twelve remnant populations of the threatened mass-flowering shrub Conospermum undulatum in the southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot, each presenting different population size, level of isolation, and floral display. We assessed the impact of fragmentation on (a) fruit and seed production; and (b) seed germination. To gain a deeper understanding of factors influencing the reproductive success of C. undulatum, we performed pollinator exclusion and self-pollination treatments to experimentally assess the mating system of this threatened shrub.We found C. undulatum to be strictly self-incompatible and totally reliant on pollinators visiting with an outcrossed pollen load to complete the reproductive cycle. Further, we found that fruit production dropped from 35% to <20% as a result of decreasing floral display. A reduction in population size from 880 to 5 plants and from ~700 to 0.21 in the floral display index led to a decrease in seed output, while a similar reduction in seed output, from 6% to 3%, was observed as a result of increasing isolation index from -21.41 to -0.04. Overall, seed germination was positively related to population size, and a negative relationship was found between germination and isolation. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the important relationship between pollinators and floral morphology in plants of southwest Australia that have coevolved with native pollinators and developed characteristic flower morphologies over long time frames. Indeed, due to its characteristic pollination mechanism, the self-incompatible C. undulatum can only rely on specialized native pollinators for pollen flow and cannot rely on its mass-flowering trait to attract generalist pollinators from coflowering species; neither can it compensate for the lack of visitors by promoting geitonogamy. Consequently, fragmentation has a significant effect on the reproductive output of C. undulatum, and size, isolation, and floral display of populations are important factors to be considered when planning conservation actions for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Delnevo
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Eddie J. van Etten
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsBentley Delivery CentreBentleyWAAustralia
| | - William D. Stock
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
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17
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Aguilar R, Cristóbal‐Pérez EJ, Balvino‐Olvera FJ, Aguilar‐Aguilar M, Aguirre‐Acosta N, Ashworth L, Lobo JA, Martén‐Rodríguez S, Fuchs EJ, Sanchez‐Montoya G, Bernardello G, Quesada M. Habitat fragmentation reduces plant progeny quality: a global synthesis. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1163-1173. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Aguilar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Edson Jacob Cristóbal‐Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Francisco Javier Balvino‐Olvera
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - María Aguilar‐Aguilar
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Natalia Aguirre‐Acosta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Jorge A. Lobo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Silvana Martén‐Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Eric J. Fuchs
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Gumersindo Sanchez‐Montoya
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Gabriel Bernardello
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
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18
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Impact of habitat loss and fragmentation on reproduction, dispersal and species persistence for an endangered Chilean tree. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Monks L, Barrett S, Beecham B, Byrne M, Chant A, Coates D, Cochrane JA, Crawford A, Dillon R, Yates C. Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region. PLANT DIVERSITY 2019; 41:59-74. [PMID: 31193161 PMCID: PMC6520493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Monks
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sarah Barrett
- Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. 120 Albany Highway, Albany, Western Australia, 6330, Australia
| | - Brett Beecham
- Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. P.O. Box 100, Narrogin, Western Australia, 6312, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Alanna Chant
- Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. P.O. Box 72, Geraldton, Western Australia, 6531, Australia
| | - David Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - J. Anne Cochrane
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Andrew Crawford
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Rebecca Dillon
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Colin Yates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
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20
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Wide outcrossing provides functional connectivity for new and old Banksia populations within a fragmented landscape. Oecologia 2019; 190:255-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Zhi Y, Sun Z, Sun P, Zhao K, Guo Y, Zhang D, Zhang B. How much genetic variation is stored in the endangered and fragmented shrub Tetraena mongolica Maxim? PeerJ 2018; 6:e5645. [PMID: 30258729 PMCID: PMC6152454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraena mongolica Maxim (Zygophyllaceae) is an endangered species endemic to western Inner Mongolia and China, and is currently threatened by habitat loss and human over-exploitation. We explored the genetic background, its genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history, based on 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Our results indicated high genetic diversity in extant populations, but no distinguishable gene cluster corresponding with a specific biogeography. Population demography analysis using a MSVAR indicated a strong, recent population decline approximately 5,455 years ago. These results suggest that the Yellow River and Zhuozi Mountain range may not prevent pollination between populations. Finally, we surmised that the population demography of T. mongolica was likely to have been affected by early mankind activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbiao Zhi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhonglou Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Resource and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Yangnan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,China Energy Technology Holdings Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dejian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Baowei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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22
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Thavornkanlapachai R, Ladd PG, Byrne M. Population density and size influence pollen dispersal pattern and mating system of the predominantly outcrossed Banksia nivea (Proteaceae) in a threatened ecological community. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Thavornkanlapachai
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - P G Ladd
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M Byrne
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
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23
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Llorens TM, Yates CJ, Byrne M, Elliott CP, Sampson J, Fairman R, Macdonald B, Coates DJ. Altered Soil Properties Inhibit Fruit Set but Increase Progeny Performance for a Foundation Tree in a Highly Fragmented Landscape. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Krauss SL, Phillips RD, Karron JD, Johnson SD, Roberts DG, Hopper SD. Novel Consequences of Bird Pollination for Plant Mating. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:395-410. [PMID: 28412035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator behaviour has profound effects on plant mating. Pollinators are predicted to minimise energetic costs during foraging bouts by moving between nearby flowers. However, a review of plant mating system studies reveals a mismatch between behavioural predictions and pollen-mediated gene dispersal in bird-pollinated plants. Paternal diversity of these plants is twice that of plants pollinated solely by insects. Comparison with the behaviour of other pollinator groups suggests that birds promote pollen dispersal through a combination of high mobility, limited grooming, and intra- and interspecies aggression. Future opportunities to test these predictions include seed paternity assignment following pollinator exclusion experiments, single pollen grain genotyping, new tracking technologies for small pollinators, and motion-triggered cameras and ethological experimentation for quantifying pollinator behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried L Krauss
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia; School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ryan D Phillips
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia; School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Karron
- Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Steven D Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - David G Roberts
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Terrace, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Terrace, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
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Nora S, Aparicio A, Albaladejo RG. High Correlated Paternity Leads to Negative Effects on Progeny Performance in Two Mediterranean Shrub Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166023. [PMID: 27835658 PMCID: PMC5106039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat deterioration can promote changes in plant mating systems that subsequently may affect progeny performance, thereby conditioning plant recruitment for the next generation. However, very few studies yet tested mating system parameters other than outcrossing rates; and the direct effects of the genetic diversity of the pollen received by maternal plants (i.e. correlated paternity) has often been overlooked. In this study, we investigated the relation between correlated paternity and progeny performance in two common Mediterranean shrubs, Myrtus communis and Pistacia lentiscus. To do so, we collected open-pollinated progeny from selected maternal plants, calculated mating system parameters using microsatellite genotyping and conducted sowing experiments under greenhouse and field conditions. Our results showed that some progeny fitness components were negatively affected by the high correlated paternity of maternal plants. In Myrtus communis, high correlated paternity had a negative effect on the proportion and timing of seedling emergence in the natural field conditions and in the greenhouse sowing experiment, respectively. In Pistacia lentiscus, seedling emergence time under field conditions was also negatively influenced by high correlated paternity and a progeny survival analysis in the field experiment showed greater mortality of seedlings from maternal plants with high correlated paternity. Overall, we found effects of correlated paternity on the progeny performance of Myrtus communis, a self-compatible species. Further, we also detected effects of correlated paternity on the progeny emergence time and survival in Pistacia lentiscus, an obligate outcrossed species. This study represents one of the few existing empirical examples which highlight the influence that correlated paternity may exert on progeny performance in multiple stages during early seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nora
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael G. Albaladejo
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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26
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Ritchie AL, Nevill PG, Sinclair EA, Krauss SL. Does restored plant diversity play a role in the reproductive functionality of
Banksia
populations? Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Ritchie
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Paul G. Nevill
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
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27
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Paternity analysis reveals wide pollen dispersal and high multiple paternity in a small isolated population of the bird-pollinated Eucalyptus caesia (Myrtaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:460-471. [PMID: 27530908 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal foraging behaviour by nectavores is expected to result in a leptokurtic pollen dispersal distribution and predominantly near-neighbour mating. However, complex social interactions among nectarivorous birds may result in different mating patterns to those typically observed in insect-pollinated plants. Mating system, realised pollen dispersal and spatial genetic structure were examined in the bird-pollinated Eucalyptus caesia, a species characterised by small, geographically disjunct populations. Nine microsatellite markers were used to genotype an entire adult stand and 181 seeds from 28 capsules collected from 6 trees. Mating system analysis using MLTR revealed moderate to high outcrossing (tm=0.479-0.806) and low estimates of correlated paternity (rp=0.136±s.e. 0.048). Paternity analysis revealed high outcrossing rates (mean=0.72) and high multiple paternity, with 64 different sires identified for 181 seeds. There was a significant negative relationship between the frequency of outcross mating and distance between mating pairs. Realised mating events were more frequent than expected with random mating for plants <40 m apart. The overall distribution of pollen dispersal distances was platykurtic. Despite extensive pollen dispersal within the stand, three genetic clusters were detected by STRUCTURE analysis. These genetic clusters were strongly differentiated yet geographically interspersed, hypothesised to be a consequence of rare recruitment events coupled with extreme longevity. We suggest that extensive polyandry and pollen dispersal is a consequence of pollination by highly mobile honeyeaters and may buffer E. caesia against the loss of genetic diversity predicted for small and genetically isolated populations.
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Breed MF, Ottewell KM, Gardner MG, Marklund MHK, Dormontt EE, Lowe AJ. Mating patterns and pollinator mobility are critical traits in forest fragmentation genetics. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:108-14. [PMID: 24002239 PMCID: PMC4815446 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most woody plants are animal-pollinated, but the global problem of habitat fragmentation is changing the pollination dynamics. Consequently, the genetic diversity and fitness of the progeny of animal-pollinated woody plants sired in fragmented landscapes tend to decline due to shifts in plant-mating patterns (for example, reduced outcrossing rate, pollen diversity). However, the magnitude of this mating-pattern shift should theoretically be a function of pollinator mobility. We first test this hypothesis by exploring the mating patterns of three ecologically divergent eucalypts sampled across a habitat fragmentation gradient in southern Australia. We demonstrate increased selfing and decreased pollen diversity with increased fragmentation for two small-insect-pollinated eucalypts, but no such relationship for the mobile-bird-pollinated eucalypt. In a meta-analysis, we then show that fragmentation generally does increase selfing rates and decrease pollen diversity, and that more mobile pollinators tended to dampen these mating-pattern shifts. Together, our findings support the premise that variation in pollinator form contributes to the diversity of mating-pattern responses to habitat fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Breed
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K M Ottewell
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Division of Science, Department of Environment and Conservation, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M G Gardner
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M H K Marklund
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E E Dormontt
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - A J Lowe
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Science Resource Centre, State Herbarium of South Australia, North Terrace, Australia
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Nistelberger HM, Coates DJ, Llorens TM, Yates CJ, Byrne M. A cryptic genetic boundary in remnant populations of a long-lived, bird-pollinated shrubBanksia sphaerocarpavar.caesia(Proteaceae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M. Nistelberger
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - David J. Coates
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Tanya M. Llorens
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Colin J. Yates
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
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Frick KM, Ritchie AL, Krauss SL. Field of Dreams: Restitution of Pollinator Services in Restored Bird-Pollinated Plant Populations. Restor Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Frick
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Alison L. Ritchie
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
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Millar MA, Coates DJ, Byrne M. Extensive long-distance pollen dispersal and highly outcrossed mating in historically small and disjunct populations of Acacia woodmaniorum (Fabaceae), a rare banded iron formation endemic. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:961-971. [PMID: 25100675 PMCID: PMC4171076 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding patterns of pollen dispersal and variation in mating systems provides insights into the evolutionary potential of plant species and how historically rare species with small disjunct populations persist over long time frames. This study aims to quantify the role of pollen dispersal and the mating system in maintaining contemporary levels of connectivity and facilitating persistence of small populations of the historically rare Acacia woodmaniorum. METHODS Progeny arrays of A. woodmaniorum were genotyped with nine polymorphic microsatellite markers. A low number of fathers contributed to seed within single pods; therefore, sampling to remove bias of correlated paternity was implemented for further analysis. Pollen immigration and mating system parameters were then assessed in eight populations of varying size and degree of isolation. KEY RESULTS Pollen immigration into small disjunct populations was extensive (mean minimum estimate 40 % and mean maximum estimate 57 % of progeny) and dispersal occurred over large distances (≤1870m). Pollen immigration resulted in large effective population sizes and was sufficient to ensure adaptive and inbreeding connectivity in small disjunct populations. High outcrossing (mean tm = 0·975) and a lack of apparent inbreeding suggested that a self-incompatibility mechanism is operating. Population parameters, including size and degree of geographic disjunction, were not useful predictors of pollen dispersal or components of the mating system. CONCLUSIONS Extensive long-distance pollen dispersal and a highly outcrossed mating system are likely to play a key role in maintaining genetic diversity and limiting negative genetic effects of inbreeding and drift in small disjunct populations of A. woodmaniorum. It is proposed that maintenance of genetic connectivity through habitat and pollinator conservation will be a key factor in the persistence of this and other historically rare species with similar extensive long-distance pollen dispersal and highly outcrossed mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Millar
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia
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Ellstrand NC. Is gene flow the most important evolutionary force in plants? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:737-53. [PMID: 24752890 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although theory has demonstrated rather low levels of gene flow are sufficient to counteract opposing mutation, drift, and selection, widespread recognition of the evolutionary importance of gene flow has come slowly. The perceived role of gene flow as an evolutionary force has vacillated over the last century. In the last few decades, new methods and analyses have demonstrated that plant gene flow rates vary tremendously-from nil to very high-depending on the species and specific populations involved, and sometimes over time for individual populations. In many cases, the measured gene flow rates are evolutionarily significant at distances of hundreds and sometimes thousands of meters, occurring at levels sufficient to counteract drift, spread advantageous alleles, or thwart moderate levels of opposing local selection. Gene flow in plants is likely to often act as a cohesive force, uniting individual plant species into real evolutionary units. Also, gene flow can evolve under natural selection, decreasing or increasing. The fact of frequent, but variable, plant gene flow has important consequences for applied issues in which the presence or absence of gene flow might influence the outcome of a policy, regulatory, or management decision. Examples include the unintended spread of engineered genes, the evolution of invasiveness, and conservation. New data-rich genomic techniques allow closer scrutiny of the role of gene flow in plant evolution. Most plant evolutionists now recognize the importance of gene flow, and it is receiving increased recognition from other areas of plant biology as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C Ellstrand
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124 USA
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Phillips RD, Steinmeyer F, Menz MHM, Erickson TE, Dixon KW. Changes in the composition and behaviour of a pollinator guild with plant population size and the consequences for plant fecundity. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Phillips
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority; Fraser Ave West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; 116 Daley Rd Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Felix Steinmeyer
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine; Institute of Botany; University of Regensburg; Regensburg D-93040 Germany
| | - Myles H. M. Menz
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority; Fraser Ave West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority; Fraser Ave West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority; Fraser Ave West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
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Toon A, Cook LG, Crisp MD. Evolutionary consequences of shifts to bird-pollination in the Australian pea-flowered legumes (Mirbelieae and Bossiaeeae). BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:43. [PMID: 24602227 PMCID: PMC4015313 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions with pollinators are proposed to be one of the major drivers of diversity in angiosperms. Specialised interactions with pollinators can lead to specialised floral traits, which collectively are known as a pollination syndrome. While it is thought that specialisation to a pollinator can lead to either an increase in diversity or in some cases a dead end, it is not well understood how transitions among specialised pollinators contribute to changes in diversity. Here, we use evolutionary trait reconstruction of bee-pollination and bird-pollination syndromes in Australian egg-and-bacon peas (Mirbelieae and Bossiaeeae) to test whether transitions between pollination syndromes is correlated with changes in species diversity. We also test for directionality in transitions that might be caused by selection by pollinators or by an evolutionary ratchet in which reversals to the original pollination syndrome are not possible. RESULTS Trait reconstructions of Australian egg-and-bacon peas suggest that bee-pollination syndrome is the ancestral form and that there has been replicated evolution of bird-pollination syndromes. Reconstructions indicate potential reversals from bird- to bee-pollination syndromes but this is not consistent with morphology. Species diversity of bird-pollination syndrome clades is lower than that of their bee-pollination syndrome sisters.We estimated the earliest transitions from bee- to bird-pollination syndrome occurred between 30.8 Ma and 10.4 Ma. Geographical structuring of pollination syndromes was found; there were fewer bird-pollination species in the Australian southeast temperate region compared to other regions of Australia. CONCLUSIONS A consistent decrease in diversification rate coincident with switches to bird pollination might be explained if greater dispersal by bird pollinators results in higher levels of connectivity among populations and reduced chances of allopatric speciation.The earliest transitions overlap with the early diversification of Australian honeyeaters - the major lineage of pollinating birds in Australia. Our findings are consistent with the idea that environment and availability of pollinators are important in the evolution of pollination syndromes. Changes in flower traits as a result of transitions to bird-pollination syndrome might also limit reversals to a bee-pollination syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Toon
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Lyn G Cook
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Michael D Crisp
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Tapper SL, Byrne M, Yates CJ, Keppel G, Hopper SD, Van Niel K, Schut AGT, Mucina L, Wardell-Johnson GW. Isolated with persistence or dynamically connected? Genetic patterns in a common granite outcrop endemic. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.-L. Tapper
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre; WA 6983 Australia
| | - M. Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre; WA 6983 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - C. J. Yates
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre; WA 6983 Australia
| | - G. Keppel
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
- School of Natural and Built Environments and Barbara Hardy Institute; University of South Australia; GPO Box 2471 Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - S. D. Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Foreshore House, Proudlove Parade Albany WA 6330 Australia
| | - K. Van Niel
- School of Earth and Environment; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - A. G. T. Schut
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - L. Mucina
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - G. W. Wardell-Johnson
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
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Côrtes MC, Uriarte M, Lemes MR, Gribel R, John Kress W, Smouse PE, Bruna EM. Low plant density enhances gene dispersal in the Amazonian understory herbHeliconia acuminata. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5716-29. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Côrtes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; 1200 Amsterdam Avenue New York NY 10027 USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; 1200 Amsterdam Avenue New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Maristerra R. Lemes
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rua Jardim Botânico 1008 Rio de Janeiro RJ 22460-030 Brazil
| | - Rogério Gribel
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rua Jardim Botânico 1008 Rio de Janeiro RJ 22460-030 Brazil
| | - W. John Kress
- Department of Botany; National Museum of Natural History; MRC-166; Smithsonian Institution; PO Box 37012 Washington DC USA
| | - Peter E. Smouse
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; 14 College Farm Road New Brunswick NJ 08901-8551 USA
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; 711 Newell Drive Gainesville FL 32611-0430 USA
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; 319 Grinter Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Contemporary pollen-mediated gene immigration reflects the historical isolation of a rare, animal-pollinated shrub in a fragmented landscape. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 112:172-81. [PMID: 24065181 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation is generally considered to have negative impacts on widespread outbreeders but impacts on gene flow and diversity in patchy, naturally rare, self-compatible plant species remain unclear. We investigated diversity, gene flow and contemporary pollen-mediated gene immigration in the rare, narrowly distributed endemic shrub Calothamnus quadrifidus ssp. teretifolius. This taxon occurs in an internationally recognized biodiversity hotspot subjected to recent human-induced fragmentation and the condition of the remnants ranges from intact to highly degraded. Using microsatellites, we found that inbreeding, historically low gene flow and significant population differentiation have characterized the genetic system of C. quadrifidus ssp. teretifolius. Inbreeding arises from self-pollination, a small amount of biparental inbreeding and significant correlation of outcross paternity but fecundity was high suggesting populations might have purged their lethals. Paternity analyses show that pollinators can move pollen over degraded and intact habitat but populations in both intact and degraded remnants had few pollen parents per seed parent and low pollen immigration. Genetic diversity did not differ significantly between intact and degraded remnants but there were signs of genetic bottlenecks and reduced diversity in some degraded remnants. Overall, our study suggests human-induced fragmentation has not significantly changed the mating system, or pollen immigration to, remnant populations and therefore genetic connectivity need not be the highest conservation priority. Rather, for rare species adapted to higher levels of inbreeding, conservation efforts may be best directed to managing intact habitats and ecosystem processes.
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Wei X, Jiang M. Contrasting relationships between species diversity and genetic diversity in natural and disturbed forest tree communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 193:779-786. [PMID: 22106986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
• This study aimed to reveal species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) and their underlying mechanisms in natural and disturbed forests. • A community survey and molecular analyses were carried out to compare species diversity (SD), the genetic diversity of the dominant tree species Euptelea pleiospermum (GD), the altitudinal patterns of SD and GD, SGDC, genetic differentiation (F(ST) ), community divergence (F(ST) -C), effective population size (N(e) ), and recent migration rate between mountain riparian forests along the Yandu (natural) and Nan (disturbed) rivers. • In natural forests, both SD and GD showed a unimodal altitudinal pattern and GD was positively correlated with SD, whereas a unimodal pattern and positive SGDC were not found in the disturbed forests. SD and F(ST) at the natural sites were higher than those at the disturbed sites. However, there were no significant differences in GD, F(ST) -C, N(e) or recent migration rate between the natural and disturbed sites. • A correlation between the patterns of SD and GD along a geographical gradient (e.g. altitude) is an important driver of positive SGDC. The absence of positive SGDC in the disturbed forests may result from reduced SD but unaffected GD, indicating nonparallel changes in SD and GD. This study furthermore cautions against generalizations about changes in SD and GD following disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird-pollinatedBanksia sphaerocarpavar.caesia. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:314-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weeks AR, Sgro CM, Young AG, Frankham R, Mitchell NJ, Miller KA, Byrne M, Coates DJ, Eldridge MDB, Sunnucks P, Breed MF, James EA, Hoffmann AA. Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in changing environments: a genetic perspective. Evol Appl 2011; 4:709-725. [PMID: 22287981 PMCID: PMC3265713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocations are being increasingly proposed as a way of conserving biodiversity, particularly in the management of threatened and keystone species, with the aims of maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function under the combined pressures of habitat fragmentation and climate change. Evolutionary genetic considerations should be an important part of translocation strategies, but there is often confusion about concepts and goals. Here, we provide a classification of translocations based on specific genetic goals for both threatened species and ecological restoration, separating targets based on 'genetic rescue' of current population fitness from those focused on maintaining adaptive potential. We then provide a framework for assessing the genetic benefits and risks associated with translocations and provide guidelines for managers focused on conserving biodiversity and evolutionary processes. Case studies are developed to illustrate the framework.
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Craft KJ, Ashley MV. Pollen-mediated gene flow in isolated and continuous stands of bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa (Fagaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:1999-2006. [PMID: 21616847 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Pollination patterns determine the reproductive neighborhood size of plants, the connectivity of populations, and the impacts of habitat fragmentation. We characterized pollination in three populations of Quercus macrocarpa occurring in a highly altered landscape in northeastern Illinois to determine whether isolated remnant stands were reproductively isolated. • METHODS We used microsatellites to genotype all adults and 787 acorns from two isolated savanna remnants and a stand in an old-growth forest. One isolated remnant occurred in a highly urbanized/industrialized landscape, and one occurred in an agricultural landscape. Parentage assignment was used to assess pollen-mediated gene flow. • KEY RESULTS Pollen donors from outside the study sites accounted for between 46% and 53% of paternities and did not differ significantly among sites, indicating that similar high levels of gene flow occurred at all three sites. Within stands, the mean pollination distance ranged from 42 to 70 meters, and when accounting for outside pollinations, mean pollination distances were well over 100 meters. Genetic diversity of incoming pollen was extremely high in all three stands. The number of effective pollen donors, N(ep), calculated from paternity assignment was higher than that estimated by an indirect correlated paternity approach. • CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that extremely isolated stands of oaks are unlikely to be genetically and reproductively isolated, and remnant stands may contribute to maintaining genetic connectivity in highly modified landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Craft
- Department of Biological Sciences, 845 W. Taylor St., M/C 066, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607 USA
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GEERTS SJIRK, PAUW ANTON. Easy technique for assessing pollination rates in the genus Erica reveals road impact on bird pollination in the Cape fynbos, South Africa. AUSTRAL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Griffiths ME, Tsvuura Z, Franklin DC, Lawes MJ. Pollination ecology of Isoglossa woodii, a long-lived, synchronously monocarpic herb from coastal forests in South Africa. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2010; 12:495-502. [PMID: 20522186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous monocarpy in long-lived plants is often associated with pollination by wind, in part because infrequent mass flowering may satiate pollinators. Selfing in synchronous monocarps may provide reproductive assurance but conflict with the benefits of outcrossing, a key evolutionary driver of synchrony. We predicted that animal-pollinated species with synchronous flowering would have unspecialised flowers and attract abundant generalised pollinators, but predictions for selfing and outcrossing frequencies were not obvious. We examined the pollination biology of Isoglossa woodii (Acanthaceae), an insect-pollinated, monocarpic herb that flowers synchronously at 4-7-year intervals. The most frequent visitor to I. woodii flowers was the African honeybee, Apis mellifera adansonii. Hand-pollination failed to enhance seed production, indicating that the pollinators were not saturated. No seed was set in the absence of pollinators. Seed set was similar among selfed and outcrossed flowers, demonstrating a geitonogamous mixed-mating strategy with no direct evidence of preferential outcrossing. Flowers contained four ovules, but most fruits only developed one seed, raising the possibility that preferential outcrossing occurs by post-pollination processes. We argue that a number of the theoretical concerns about geitonogamous selfing as a form of reproductive assurance do not apply to a long-lived synchronous monocarp such as I. woodii.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Griffiths
- Forest Biodiversity Research Unit, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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DE Cauwer I, Dufay M, Cuguen J, Arnaud JF. Effects of fine-scale genetic structure on male mating success in gynodioecious Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:1540-58. [PMID: 20345690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant mating systems are known to influence population genetic structure because pollen and seed dispersal are often spatially restricted. However, the reciprocal outcomes of population structure on the dynamics of polymorphic mating systems have received little attention. In gynodioecious sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima), three sexual types co-occur: females carrying a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) gene, hermaphrodites carrying a non-CMS cytoplasm and restored hermaphrodites that carry CMS genes and nuclear restorer alleles. This study investigated the effects of fine-scale genetic structure on male reproductive success of the two hermaphroditic forms. Our study population was strongly structured and characterized by contrasting local sex-ratios. Pollen flow was constrained over short distances and depended on local plant density. Interestingly, restored hermaphrodites sired significantly more seedlings than non-CMS hermaphrodites, despite the previous observation that the former produce pollen of lower quality than the latter. This result was explained by the higher frequency of females in the local vicinity of restored (CMS) hermaphrodites as compared to non-CMS hermaphrodites. Population structure thus strongly influences individual fitness and may locally counteract the expected effects of selection, suggesting that understanding fine scale population processes is central to predicting the evolution of gender polymorphism in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle DE Cauwer
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Phillips RD, Hopper SD, Dixon KW. Pollination ecology and the possible impacts of environmental change in the Southwest Australian Biodiversity Hotspot. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 365:517-28. [PMID: 20047877 PMCID: PMC2838264 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southwest Australian Biodiversity Hotspot contains an exceptionally diverse flora on an ancient, low-relief but edaphically diverse landscape. Since European colonization, the primary threat to the flora has been habitat clearance, though climate change is an impending threat. Here, we review (i) the ecology of nectarivores and biotic pollination systems in the region, (ii) the evidence that trends in pollination strategies are a consequence of characteristics of the landscape, and (iii) based on these discussions, provide predictions to be tested on the impacts of environmental change on pollination systems. The flora of southwestern Australia has an exceptionally high level of vertebrate pollination, providing the advantage of highly mobile, generalist pollinators. Nectarivorous invertebrates are primarily generalist foragers, though an increasing number of colletid bees are being recognized as being specialized at the level of plant family or more rarely genus. While generalist pollination strategies dominate among insect-pollinated plants, there are some cases of extreme specialization, most notably the multiple evolutions of sexual deception in the Orchidaceae. Preliminary data suggest that bird pollination confers an advantage of greater pollen movement and may represent a mechanism for minimizing inbreeding in naturally fragmented populations. The effects of future environmental change are predicted to result from a combination of the resilience of pollination guilds and changes in their foraging and dispersal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Phillips
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Vieira FDA, de Carvalho D, Higuchi P, Machado ELM, dos Santos RM. Spatial pattern and fine-scale genetic structure indicating recent colonization of the palm Euterpe edulis in a Brazilian Atlantic forest fragment. Biochem Genet 2009; 48:96-103. [PMID: 19936913 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mimura M, Barbour RC, Potts BM, Vaillancourt RE, Watanabe KN. Comparison of contemporary mating patterns in continuous and fragmented Eucalyptus globulus native forests. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:4180-92. [PMID: 19769693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While habitat fragmentation is a central issue in forest conservation studies in the face of broad-scale anthropogenic changes to the environment, its effects on contemporary mating patterns remain controversial. This is partly because of the inherent variation in mating patterns which may exist within species and the fact that few studies have replication at the landscape level. To study the effect of forest fragmentation on contemporary mating patterns, including effective pollen dispersal, we compared four native populations of the Australian forest tree, Eucalyptus globulus. We used six microsatellite markers to genotype 1289 open-pollinated offspring from paired fragmented and continuous populations on the island of Tasmania and in Victoria on mainland Australia. The mating patterns in the two continuous populations were similar, despite large differences in population density. In contrast, the two fragmented populations were variable and idiosyncratic in their mating patterns, particularly in their pollen dispersal kernels. The continuous populations showed relatively high outcrossing rates (86-89%) and low correlated paternity (0.03-0.06) compared with the fragmented populations (65-79% and 0.12-0.20 respectively). A greater proportion of trees contributed to reproduction in the fragmented (de/d>or= 0.5) compared with the continuous populations (de/d = 0.03-0.04). Despite significant inbreeding in the offspring of the fragmented populations, there was little evidence of loss of genetic diversity. It is argued that enhanced medium- and long-distance dispersal in fragmented landscapes may act to partly buffer the remnant populations from the negative effects of inbreeding and drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Mimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tenoudai 1-1-1,Tsukuba, Japan.
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Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure within a population of an aromatic shrub, Lippia origanoides (Verbenaceae), in the Chicamocha Canyon, northeastern Colombia. Genet Res (Camb) 2009; 90:455-65. [PMID: 19123964 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672308009841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographical scale of genetic structure in a continuous population is highly dependent on its breeding system and dispersion capabilities, and this knowledge is important for the study of population dynamics as well as for conservation purposes. In the present study, spatial autocorrelation statistics and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to describe the genetic structure of a natural population of a prominent aromatic plant, Lippia origanoides, native to the Chicamocha Canyon in northeastern Colombia. For this purpose, individuals were sampled from two localities within the Chicamocha Canyon, where the species is abundant and continuously distributed. Cluster (principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA)), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Bayesian analyses revealed a low level of genetic differentiation among the two localities, suggesting that they belong to a single population. Genetic diversity levels in this population, described as the percentage of polymorphic loci (P=86.21%) and quantified using Shannon's diversity index (I=0.453) and the average panmictic heterozygosity (HB=0.484), were shown to be comparable to or higher than that in other plant species with allogamous breeding systems and to other related Verbenaceae species. Fine-scale autocorrelation analyses showed a pattern consistent with the classical model of isolation by distance with moderate but significant levels of local spatial structure. Our results suggest that sampling individuals at distances greater than approximately 1.2 km may result in the collection of different genotypes, which could help preserve the levels of genetic diversity in a propagation programme. The causes of this spatial pattern are currently unknown and could be influenced by many contemporary factors such as restricted seed dispersal and/or short-distance pollen movement, among others.
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