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Dixit NM, Guicking D. Exploring the evolutionary dynamics of myrmecophytism: Perspectives from the Southeast Asian Macaranga ant-plant symbiosis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108028. [PMID: 38342161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Myrmecophytic plants utilise defensive services offered by obligate ant partners nesting in their domatia in a novel means of survival in tropical habitats. Although much is known about the ecology of myrmecophytism, there aren't enough empirical examples to demonstrate whether it substantially influences evolutionary patterns in host plant lineages. In this study, we make use of the species-rich Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) ant-plant symbiosis distributed in the Southeast Asian Sundaland to delve into the evolutionary dynamics of myrmecophytism in host plants. We generated the most comprehensive dated phylogeny of myrmecophytic Macaranga till date using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). With this in hand, we traced the evolutionary history of myrmecophytism in Macaranga using parametric biogeography and ancestral state reconstruction. Diversification rate analysis methods were employed to determine if myrmecophytism enhanced diversification rates in the genus. Our results demonstrate that myrmecophytism is labile and easily lost. Ancestral state reconstruction supported a single origin of myrmecophytism in Macaranga ∼18 mya on Borneo followed by multiple losses. Diversification rate analysis methods did not yield sufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that myrmecophytism enhanced diversification rates in Macaranga; we found that topographical features on Borneo may have played a more direct role in the divergence of clades instead. Our study provides evidence that while the acquisition of domatia clearly functions as a key innovation that has enabled host plants to exploit the environment in novel ways, it may not necessarily enhance diversification rates. In fact, we hypothesise that overly specialised cases of myrmecophytism may even be an evolutionary dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadi M Dixit
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Daniela Guicking
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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2
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Liew TS, Marzuki ME, Schilthuizen M, Chen Y, Vermeulen JJ, Mohd-Azlan J. Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the endemic land snail genus Everettia in northern Borneo. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9416. [PMID: 32714659 PMCID: PMC7354840 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Borneo has gone through dramatic changes in geology and topography from the early Eocene until the early Pliocene and experienced climatic cycling during the Pleistocene. However, how these changes have shaped the present-day patterns of high diversity and complex distribution are still poorly understood. In this study, we use integrative approaches by estimating phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and current and past niche suitability for the Bornean endemic land snail genus Everettia to provide additional insight into the evolutionary history of this genus in northern Borneo in the light of the geological vicariance events and climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene. Our results show that northern Borneo Everettia species belong to two deeply divergent lineages: one contains the species that inhabit high elevation at the central mountain range, while the other contains lowland species. Species diversification in these lineages has taken place before the Pliocene. Climate changes during the Pleistocene did not play a significant role in species diversification but could have shaped contemporary species distribution patterns. Our results also show that the species-rich highland habitats have acted as interglacial refugia for highland species. This study of a relatively sedentary invertebrate supports and enhances the growing understanding of the evolutionary history of Borneo. Species diversification in Everettia is caused by geological vicariance events between the early Miocene and the Pliocene, and the distribution patterns were subsequently determined by climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor-Seng Liew
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Effendi Marzuki
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Menno Schilthuizen
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden Univerisity, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yansen Chen
- Independent Researcher, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Jaap J Vermeulen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,JK Art and Science, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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3
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Léger T, Kehlmaier C, Vairappan CS, Nuss M. Twenty-six new species of Hoploscopa (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from South-East Asia revealed by morphology and DNA barcoding. Zookeys 2020; 907:1-99. [PMID: 32063727 PMCID: PMC7002455 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.907.36563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hoploscopa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a fern-feeding genus found in montane areas of South-East Asia and Melanesia, eastwards up to the Samoan Islands. It includes sixteen described species, with at least 70 further undescribed species known from scientific collections. An iterative approach including morphological and molecular characters was used in order to explore the diversity of Hoploscopa. The hitherto described species are revised, and descriptions authored by T. Léger and M. Nuss are provided for an additional 26 new species: H.agtuuganonensissp. nov., H.albipunctasp. nov., H.albomaculatasp. nov., H.anacanthasp. nov., H.boletasp. nov., H.cynodontasp. nov., H.danaoensissp. nov., H.gombongisp. nov., H.gracilissp. nov., H.ignitamaculaesp. nov., H.isarogensissp. nov., H.jubatasp. nov., H.kelamasp. nov., H.kinabaluensissp. nov., H.mallyisp. nov., H.marijoweissaesp. nov., H.matheaesp. nov., H.niveofasciasp. nov., H.pangrangoensissp. nov., H.parvimaculasp. nov., H.pseudometacrossasp. nov., H.sepanggisp. nov., H.sumatrensissp. nov., H.titikasp. nov., H.tonsepisp. nov., H.ypsilonsp. nov. Using a protocol specific for the amplification of DNA from old museum specimens, we recovered 101 COI barcodes for all but one of the newly described species, with 76 being barcode compliant (>487 bp). Species delimitation analyses suggest cryptic diversity, with six cases reflecting allopatric divergence, and two further cases found in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Léger
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstr., Berlin, Germany Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Kehlmaier
- Senckenberg Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstr., Dresden, Germany Senckenberg Museum für Tierkunde Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Charles S Vairappan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Sabah Sabah Malaysia
| | - Matthias Nuss
- Senckenberg Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstr., Dresden, Germany Senckenberg Museum für Tierkunde Dresden Dresden Germany
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4
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Marshall CR. Using the Fossil Record to Evaluate Timetree Timescales. Front Genet 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 31803226 PMCID: PMC6871265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fossil and geologic records provide the primary data used to established absolute timescales for timetrees. For the paleontological evaluation of proposed timetree timescales, and for node-based methods for constructing timetrees, the fossil record is used to bracket divergence times. Minimum brackets (minimum ages) can be established robustly using well-dated fossils that can be reliably assigned to lineages based on positive morphological evidence. Maximum brackets are much harder to establish, largely because it is difficult to establish definitive evidence that the absence of a taxon in the fossil record is real and not just due to the incompleteness of the fossil and rock records. Five primary methods have been developed to estimate maximum age brackets, each of which is discussed. The fact that the fossilization potential of a group typically decreases the closer one approaches its time of origin increases the challenge of estimating maximum age brackets. Additional complications arise: 1) because fossil data actually bracket the time of origin of the first relevant fossilizable morphology (apomorphy), not the divergence time itself; 2) due to the phylogenetic uncertainty in the placement of fossils; 3) because of idiosyncratic temporal and geographic gaps in the rock and fossil records; and 4) if the preservation potential of a group changed significantly during its history. In contrast, uncertainties in the absolute ages of fossils are typically relatively unimportant, even though the vast majority of fossil cannot be dated directly. These issues and relevant quantitative methods are reviewed, and their relative magnitudes assessed, which typically correlate with the age of the group, its geographic range, and species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Marshall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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5
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Ströher PR, Meyer ALS, Zarza E, Tsai WLE, McCormack JE, Pie MR. Phylogeography of ants from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-019-00409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Li F, Li S. Paleocene–Eocene and Plio–Pleistocene sea-level changes as “species pumps” in Southeast Asia: Evidence from Althepus spiders. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:545-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Shakya SB, Haryoko T, Burner RC, Prawiradilaga DM, Sheldon FH. Preliminary assessment of community composition and phylogeographic relationships of the birds of the Meratus Mountains, south-east borneo, Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.25226/bboc.v138i1.2018.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subir B. Shakya
- Subir B. Shakya, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA,
| | - Tri Haryoko
- Tri Haryoko, Division of Zoology, Research Centre for Biology-LIPI, Jalan Raya Bogor km 46, Cibinong-Bogor 16911, Indonesia,
| | - Ryan C. Burner
- Ryan C. Burner, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA,
| | - Dewi M. Prawiradilaga
- Dewi Prawiradilaga, Division of Zoology, Research Centre for Biology-LIPI, Jalan Raya Bogor km 46, Cibinong-Bogor 16911, Indonesia,
| | - Frederick H. Sheldon
- Frederick H. Sheldon, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA,
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8
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O'Connell KA, Smith EN, Shaney KJ, Arifin U, Kurniawan N, Sidik I, Fujita MK. Coalescent species delimitation of a Sumatran parachuting frog. ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A O'Connell
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
- The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
| | - Eric N Smith
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
- The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
| | - Kyle J Shaney
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
- The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
| | - Umilaela Arifin
- Biozentrum Grindel & Zopolofisches Museum Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Nia Kurniawan
- Department of Biology Universitas Brawijaya Malang East Java Indonesia
| | - Irvan Sidik
- Research and Development Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) Cibinong West Java Indonesia
| | - Matthew K Fujita
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
- The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA
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9
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Manawatthana S, Laosinchai P, Onparn N, Brockelman WY, Round PD. Phylogeography of bulbuls in the genus Iole (Aves: Pycnonotidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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10
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Quek SP, Ueda S, Gullan PJ, Kondo T, Hattori M, Itioka T, Murase K, Itino T. Nuclear DNA based species delineations ofCoccusscale insects in symbiosis with plants and ants, and the role of plant epicuticular wax in structuring associations. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Peck Quek
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Shouhei Ueda
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Shinshu University; 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano 390-8621 Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-cho Nakaku Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Penny J. Gullan
- Division of Evolution; Ecology & Genetics; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Acton Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Takumasa Kondo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA); Centro de Investigación Palmira; Calle 23, Carrera 37, Continuo al Penal, Palmira Valle Colombia
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Shinshu University; 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano 390-8621 Japan
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Takao Itioka
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo- ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kaori Murase
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, and Research Center for Biological Diversity; Nagoya City University; 1 Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya Aichi 467-8501 Japan
| | - Takao Itino
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Shinshu University; 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano 390-8621 Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science; Shinshu University; 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto Nagano 390-8621 Japan
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11
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Bittleston LS, Pierce NE, Ellison AM, Pringle A. Convergence in Multispecies Interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:269-280. [PMID: 26858111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of convergent evolution and community convergence highlight how selective pressures can shape unrelated organisms or communities in similar ways. We propose a related concept, convergent interactions, to describe the independent evolution of multispecies interactions with similar physiological or ecological functions. A focus on convergent interactions clarifies how natural selection repeatedly favors particular kinds of associations among species. Characterizing convergent interactions in a comparative context is likely to facilitate prediction of the ecological roles of organisms (including microbes) in multispecies interactions and selective pressures acting in poorly understood or newly discovered multispecies systems. We illustrate the concept of convergent interactions with examples: vertebrates and their gut bacteria; ectomycorrhizae; insect-fungal-bacterial interactions; pitcher-plant food webs; and ants and ant-plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora S Bittleston
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Anne Pringle
- Departments of Bacteriology and Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Fiala B, Slik F, Weising K, Maschwitz U, Mohamed M, Jamsari, Guicking D. Phylogeography of three closely related myrmecophytic pioneer tree species in SE Asia: implications for species delimitation. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Siriwut W, Edgecombe GD, Sutcharit C, Panha S. The Centipede Genus Scolopendra in Mainland Southeast Asia: Molecular Phylogenetics, Geometric Morphometrics and External Morphology as Tools for Species Delimitation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135355. [PMID: 26270342 PMCID: PMC4536039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven Scolopendra species from the Southeast Asian mainland delimited based on standard external morphological characters represent monophyletic groups in phylogenetic trees inferred from concatenated sequences of three gene fragments (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA) using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Geometric morphometric description of shape variation in the cephalic plate, forcipular coxosternite, and tergite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment provides additional criteria for distinguishing species. Colouration patterns in some Scolopendra species show a high degree of fit to phylogenetic trees at the population level. The most densely sampled species, Scolopendra dehaani Brandt, 1840, has three subclades with allopatric distributions in mainland SE Asia. The molecular phylogeny of S. pinguis Pocock, 1891, indicated ontogenetic colour variation among its populations. The taxonomic validation of S. dawydoffi Kronmüller, 2012, S. japonica Koch, 1878, and S. dehaani Brandt, 1840, each a former subspecies of S. subspinipes Leach, 1814 sensu Lewis, 2010, as full species was supported by molecular information and additional morphological data. Species delimitation in these taxonomically challenging animals is facilitated by an integrative approach that draws on both morphology and molecular phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warut Siriwut
- Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gregory D. Edgecombe
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chirasak Sutcharit
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Fiala B, Wells K, Haubenreisser J, Pittroff A, Kaya-Zeeb S, Chung AYC, Bin Hashim R, Keller A. Monophyletic clades ofMacaranga-pollinating thrips show high specificity to taxonomic sections of host plants. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fiala
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Konstans Wells
- Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Brisbane 4111 Australia
| | - Julia Haubenreisser
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Pittroff
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sinan Kaya-Zeeb
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arthur Y. C. Chung
- Forestry Department; Forest Research Center; PO Box 1407 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | - Rosli Bin Hashim
- Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Alexander Keller
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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15
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Ueda S, Nagano Y, Kataoka Y, Komatsu T, Itioka T, Shimizu-kaya U, Inui Y, Itino T. Congruence of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation in acrobat ants (Crematogaster subgenus Decacrema, Formicidae: Myrmicinae) inhabiting Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) myrmecophytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116602. [PMID: 25692953 PMCID: PMC4334651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously reported mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeny of Crematogaster (subgenus Decacrema) ants inhabiting Macaranga myrmecophytes indicated that the partners diversified synchronously and their specific association has been maintained for 20 million years. However, the mtDNA clades did not exactly match morphological species, probably owing to introgressive hybridization among younger species. In this study, we determined the congruence between nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR, also called microsatellite) genotyping and mtDNA phylogeny to confirm the suitability of the mtDNA phylogeny for inferring the evolutionary history of Decacrema ants. Analyses of ant samples from Lambir Hills National park, northeastern Borneo, showed overall congruence between the SSR and mtDNA groupings, indicating that mtDNA markers are useful for delimiting species, at least at the local level. We also found overall high host-plant specificity of the SSR genotypes of Decacrema ants, consistent with the specificity based on the mtDNA phylogeny. Further, we detected cryptic genetic assemblages exhibiting high specificity toward particular plant species within a single mtDNA clade. This finding, which may be evidence for rapid ecological and genetic differentiation following a host shift, is a new insight into the previously suggested long-term codiversification of Decacrema ants and Macaranga plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Ueda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yusuke Nagano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yowsuke Kataoka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takashi Komatsu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takao Itioka
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Usun Shimizu-kaya
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Inui
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Itino
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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16
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Zarowiecki M, Linton YM, Post RJ, Bangs MJ, Htun PT, Hlaing T, Seng CM, Baimai V, Ding TH, Sochantha T, Walton C. Repeated landmass reformation limits diversification in the widespread littoral zone mosquito Anopheles sundaicus sensu lato in the Indo-Oriental Region. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2573-89. [PMID: 24750501 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Southeast Asia harbours abundant biodiversity, hypothesized to have been generated by Pliocene and Pleistocene climatic and environmental change. Vicariance between the island of Borneo, the remaining Indonesian archipelago and mainland Southeast Asia caused by elevated sea levels during interglacial periods has been proposed to lead to diversification in the littoral zone mosquito Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus (Rodenwaldt) sensu lato. To test this biogeographical hypothesis, we inferred the population history and assessed gene flow of A. sundaicus s.l. sampled from 18 populations across its pan-Asian species range, using sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and the mannose phosphate isomerase (Mpi) gene. A hypothesis of ecological speciation for A. sundaicus involving divergent adaptation to brackish and freshwater larval habitats was also previously proposed, based on a deficiency of heterozygotes for Mpi allozyme alleles in sympatry. This hypothesis was not supported by Mpi sequence data, which exhibited no fixed differences between brackish and freshwater larval habitats. Mpi and CO1 supported the presence of up to eight genetically distinct population groupings. Counter to the hypothesis of three allopatric species, divergence was often no greater between Borneo, Sumatra/Java and the Southeast Asian mainland than it was between genetic groupings within these landmasses. An isolation-with-migration (IM) model indicates recurrent gene flow between the current major landmasses. Such gene flow would have been possible during glacial periods when the current landmasses merged, presenting opportunities for dispersal along expanding and contracting coastlines. Consequently, Pleistocene climatic variation has proved a homogenizing, rather than diversifying, force for A. sundaicus diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zarowiecki
- Parasite Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Mayer VE, Frederickson ME, McKey D, Blatrix R. Current issues in the evolutionary ecology of ant-plant symbioses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:749-764. [PMID: 24444030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ant-plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing ants and often food to ants. In return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores and sometimes provide them with nutrients. Here, we review recent advances in ant-plant symbioses, focusing on three areas. First, the nutritional ecology of plant-ants, which is based not only on plant-derived food rewards, but also on inputs from other symbiotic partners, in particular fungi and possibly bacteria. Food and protection are the most important 'currencies' exchanged between partners and they drive the nature and evolution of the relationships. Secondly, studies of conflict and cooperation in ant-plant symbioses have contributed key insights into the evolution and maintenance of mutualism, particularly how partner-mediated feedbacks affect the specificity and stability of mutualisms. There is little evidence that mutualistic ants or plants are under selection to cheat, but the costs and benefits of ant-plant interactions do vary with environmental factors, making them vulnerable to natural or anthropogenic environmental change. Thus, thirdly, ant-plant symbioses should be considered good models for investigating the effects of global change on the outcome of mutualistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika E Mayer
- Department of Structural and Functional Botany, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Wien, Austria
| | - Megan E Frederickson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Doyle McKey
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CEFE, Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Rumsaïs Blatrix
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Tnah LH, Lee SL, Ng KKS, Lee CT, Bhassu S, Othman RY. Phylogeographical pattern and evolutionary history of an important Peninsular Malaysian timber species, Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae). J Hered 2012; 104:115-26. [PMID: 23132907 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tectonic movements, climatic oscillations, and marine transgressions during the Cenozoic have had a dramatic effect on the biota of the tropical rain forest. This study aims to reveal the phylogeography and evolutionary history of a Peninsular Malaysian endemic tropical timber species, Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae). A total of 32 natural populations of N. heimii, with 8 samples from each population were investigated. Fifteen haplotypes were identified from five noncoding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions. Overall, two major genealogical cpDNA lineages of N. heimii were elucidated: a widespread southern and a northern region. The species is predicted to have survived in multiple refugia during climatic oscillations: the northwestern region (R1), the northeastern region (R2), and the southern region (R3). These putative glacial refugia exhibited higher levels of genetic diversity, population differentiation, and the presence of unique haplotypes. Recolonization of refugia R1 and R2 could have first expanded into the northern region and migrated both northeastwards and northwestwards. Meanwhile, recolonization of N. heimii throughout the southern region could have commenced from refugia R3 and migrated toward the northeast and northwest, respectively. The populations of Tersang, Pasir Raja, and Rotan Tunggal exhibited remarkably high haplotype diversity, which could have been the contact zones that have received an admixture of gene pools from the northerly and also southerly regions. As a whole, the populations of N. heimii derived from glacial refugia and contact zones should be considered in the conservation strategies in order to safeguard the long-term survival of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee H Tnah
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan 52109, Malaysia
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Buckley TR, Leschen RAB. Comparative phylogenetic analysis reveals long-term isolation of lineages on the Three Kings Islands, New Zealand. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. B. Leschen
- New Zealand Arthropod Collection; Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170; Auckland; New Zealand
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Blaimer BB. Acrobat ants go global – Origin, evolution and systematics of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:421-36. [PMID: 22796480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie B Blaimer
- Department of Entomology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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PRINGLE ELIZABETHG, RAMÍREZ SANTIAGOR, BONEBRAKE TIMOTHYC, GORDON DEBORAHM, DIRZO RODOLFO. Diversification and phylogeographic structure in widespreadAztecaplant-ants from the northern Neotropics. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:3576-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lohman DJ, de Bruyn M, Page T, von Rintelen K, Hall R, Ng PK, Shih HT, Carvalho GR, von Rintelen T. Biogeography of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lohman
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031;
| | - Mark de Bruyn
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW United Kingdom; ,
| | - Timothy Page
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia;
| | - Kristina von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde—Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; ,
| | - Robert Hall
- Southeast Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom;
| | - Peter K.L. Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546;
| | - Hsi-Te Shih
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Gary R. Carvalho
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW United Kingdom; ,
| | - Thomas von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde—Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; ,
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Kamiya K, Nanami S, Kenzo T, Yoneda R, Diway B, Chong L, Azani MA, Majid NM, Lum SKY, Wong KM, Harada K. Demographic History of Shorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA Sequence Variations. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kamiya
- Faculty of Agriculture; Ehime University; 3-5-7 Tarumi Matsuyama; Ehime; 790-8566; Japan
| | - Satoshi Nanami
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi; Osaka; 558-8585; Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; 1 Matsunosato Tsukuba; Ibaraki; 305-8687; Japan
| | - Reiji Yoneda
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; 1 Matsunosato Tsukuba; Ibaraki; 305-8687; Japan
| | - Bibian Diway
- Botanical Research Centre; Km 20 Jalan Puncak Borneo; Semenggoh Kuching; Sarawak; 93250; Malaysia
| | - Lucy Chong
- Botanical Research Centre; Km 20 Jalan Puncak Borneo; Semenggoh Kuching; Sarawak; 93250; Malaysia
| | - Mohamad A. Azani
- Faculty of Forestry; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang; Selangor; 43400; Malaysia
| | - Nik M. Majid
- Faculty of Forestry; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang; Selangor; 43400; Malaysia
| | - Shawn K. Y. Lum
- National Institute of Education; Nanyang Technological University; 1 Nanyang Walk; 637616; Singapore
| | | | - Ko Harada
- Faculty of Agriculture; Ehime University; 3-5-7 Tarumi Matsuyama; Ehime; 790-8566; Japan
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MORGAN KATY, O’LOUGHLIN SAMANTHAM, CHEN BIN, LINTON YVONNEMARIE, THONGWAT DAMRONGPAN, SOMBOON PRADYA, FONG MUNYIK, BUTLIN ROGER, VERITY ROBERT, PRAKASH ANIL, HTUN PETHAN, HLAING THAUNG, NAMBANYA SIMONE, SOCHEAT DUONG, DINH TRUNGHO, WALTON CATHERINE. Comparative phylogeography reveals a shared impact of pleistocene environmental change in shaping genetic diversity within nine Anopheles mosquito species across the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4533-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chan YC, Roos C, Inoue-Murayama M, Inoue E, Shih CC, Pei KJC, Vigilant L. Mitochondrial genome sequences effectively reveal the phylogeny of Hylobates gibbons. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14419. [PMID: 21203450 PMCID: PMC3009715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uniquely among hominoids, gibbons exist as multiple geographically contiguous taxa exhibiting distinctive behavioral, morphological, and karyotypic characteristics. However, our understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the various gibbons, especially among Hylobates species, is still limited because previous studies used limited taxon sampling or short mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. Here we use mtDNA genome sequences to reconstruct gibbon phylogenetic relationships and reveal the pattern and timing of divergence events in gibbon evolutionary history. Methodology/Principal Findings We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of 51 individuals representing 11 species belonging to three genera (Hylobates, Nomascus and Symphalangus) using the high-throughput 454 sequencing system with the parallel tagged sequencing approach. Three phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, Bayesian analysis and neighbor-joining) depicted the gibbon phylogenetic relationships congruently and with strong support values. Most notably, we recover a well-supported phylogeny of the Hylobates gibbons. The estimation of divergence times using Bayesian analysis with relaxed clock model suggests a much more rapid speciation process in Hylobates than in Nomascus. Conclusions/Significance Use of more than 15 kb sequences of the mitochondrial genome provided more informative and robust data than previous studies of short mitochondrial segments (e.g., control region or cytochrome b) as shown by the reliable reconstruction of divergence patterns among Hylobates gibbons. Moreover, molecular dating of the mitogenomic divergence times implied that biogeographic change during the last five million years may be a factor promoting the speciation of Sundaland animals, including Hylobates species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chiao Chan
- Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
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Effects of Pleistocene glaciations and rivers on the population structure of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21376-81. [PMID: 21098261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010169107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sundaland, a tropical hotspot of biodiversity comprising Borneo and Sumatra among other islands, the Malay Peninsula, and a shallow sea, has been subject to dramatic environmental processes. Thus, it presents an ideal opportunity to investigate the role of environmental mechanisms in shaping species distribution and diversity. We investigated the population structure and underlying mechanisms of an insular endemic, the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on mtDNA sequences from 211 wild orangutans covering the entire range of the species indicate an unexpectedly recent common ancestor of Bornean orangutans 176 ka (95% highest posterior density, 72-322 ka), pointing to a Pleistocene refugium. High mtDNA differentiation among populations and rare haplotype sharing is consistent with a pattern of strong female philopatry. This is corroborated by isolation by distance tests, which show a significant correlation between mtDNA divergence and distance and a strong effect of rivers as barriers for female movement. Both frequency-based and Bayesian clustering analyses using as many as 25 nuclear microsatellite loci revealed a significant separation among all populations, as well as a small degree of male-mediated gene flow. This study highlights the unique effects of environmental and biological features on the evolutionary history of Bornean orangutans, a highly endangered species particularly vulnerable to future climate and anthropogenic change as an insular endemic.
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Malohlava V, Bocak L. Evidence of extreme habitat stability in a Southeast Asian biodiversity hotspot based on the evolutionary analysis of neotenic net-winged beetles. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4800-11. [PMID: 20958816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The diversification of neotenic beetle lineages has not been studied, despite the potential for defining biodiversity hotspots and elucidating the history of regional faunas. Additionally, neotenics may provide insight into the process of speciation in small populations with extremely low dispersal ability and a limited range. Here, we used two rDNA and three mtDNA markers to investigate the phylogeny of Scarelus, a neotenic lineage endemic to Southeast Asian rainforests. Most genetic differentiation was associated with Palaeogene geographical divisions, which remain distinct despite temporary connections. Dispersal events were rare, with only two inferred for Scarelus: from Borneo to the Philippines 28.3 million years ago (Ma) and from Sumatra to Java 13.9 Ma. We suggest that speciation resulted from allopatric range fragmentation, and Scarelus diversified readily when conditions were favourable; in this case, at different times in the eastern (19.3-39.1 Ma) and western (3.5-13.9 Ma) parts of Sundaland. The observed strong phenotypic similarity was preserved under speciation through complete allopatry. Neotenic Lycidae have survived for a long time in very stable habitats, and extremely low dispersal activity has not limited their persistence; however, the long-term diversification rate of neotenics is low and diversification is nonexistent under stable conditions. The modern ranges of neotenic lineages are indicative of ancient rainforest refugia and may be used in biodiversity conservation management. Most neotenics are at risk of extinction because of their small ranges and a low dispersal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Malohlava
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Tr. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Blackburn DC, Bickford DP, Diesmos AC, Iskandar DT, Brown RM. An ancient origin for the enigmatic flat-headed frogs (Bombinatoridae: Barbourula) from the islands of Southeast Asia. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12090. [PMID: 20711504 PMCID: PMC2918512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex history of Southeast Asian islands has long been of interest to biogeographers. Dispersal and vicariance events in the Pleistocene have received the most attention, though recent studies suggest a potentially more ancient history to components of the terrestrial fauna. Among this fauna is the enigmatic archaeobatrachian frog genus Barbourula, which only occurs on the islands of Borneo and Palawan. We utilize this lineage to gain unique insight into the temporal history of lineage diversification in Southeast Asian islands. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data, multiple fossil calibration points, and likelihood and Bayesian methods, we estimate phylogenetic relationships and divergence times for Barbourula. We determine the sensitivity of focal divergence times to specific calibration points by jackknife approach in which each calibration point is excluded from analysis. We find that relevant divergence time estimates are robust to the exclusion of specific calibration points. Barbourula is recovered as a monophyletic lineage nested within a monophyletic Costata. Barbourula diverged from its sister taxon Bombina in the Paleogene and the two species of Barbourula diverged in the Late Miocene. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The divergences within Barbourula and between it and Bombina are surprisingly old and represent the oldest estimates for a cladogenetic event resulting in living taxa endemic to Southeast Asian islands. Moreover, these divergence time estimates are consistent with a new biogeographic scenario: the Palawan Ark Hypothesis. We suggest that components of Palawan's terrestrial fauna might have "rafted" on emergent portions of the North Palawan Block during its migration from the Asian mainland to its present-day position near Borneo. Further, dispersal from Palawan to Borneo (rather than Borneo to Palawan) may explain the current day disjunct distribution of this ancient lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Blackburn
- Biodiversity Institute, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America.
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Speciation dynamics in the SE Asian tropics: Putting a time perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of Sundaland tree squirrels, Sundasciurus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 55:711-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates of the whole mitochondrial genome sequences among three gibbon genera. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 55:454-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kawakita A, Okamoto T, Goto R, Kato M. Mutualism favours higher host specificity than does antagonism in plant-herbivore interaction. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:2765-74. [PMID: 20427340 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolved mutualisms often exhibit high levels of partner specificity. Obligate pollination mutualisms, such as the fig-fig wasp and yucca-yucca moth systems, represent remarkable examples of such highly species-specific associations; however, the evolutionary processes underlying these patterns are poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that the high degree of specificity in pollinating seed parasites is the fortuitous result of specialization in their ancestors because these insects are derived from endophytic herbivores that are themselves highly host-specific. Conversely, we show that in the Glochidion-Epicephala obligate pollination mutualism, pollinators are more host-specific than are closely related endophytic leaf-feeding taxa, which co-occur with Epicephala on the same Glochidion hosts. This difference is probably not because of shifts in larval diet (i.e. from leaf- to seed-feeding), because seed-eating lepidopterans other than Epicephala do not show the same degree of host specificity as Epicephala. Species of a tentative sister group of Epicephala each attack several distantly related plants, suggesting that the evolution of strict host specificity is tied to the evolution of pollinator habit. These results suggest that mutualists can attain higher host specificity than that of their parasitic ancestors and that coevolutionary selection can be a strong promoter of extreme reciprocal specialization in mutualisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawakita
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, , Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Ueda S, Quek SP, Itioka T, Murase K, Itino T. Phylogeography of the Coccus scale insects inhabiting myrmecophytic Macaranga plants in Southeast Asia. POPUL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-009-0162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kawakita A, Kato M. Repeated independent evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the Phyllantheae-Epicephala association. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:417-26. [PMID: 18948251 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known fig-fig wasp and yucca-yucca moth mutualisms are classic examples of obligate mutualisms that have been shaped by millions of years of coevolution. Pollination systems involving obligate seed parasites are only expected to evolve under rare circumstances where their positive effects are not swamped by abundant co-pollinators and heavy costs resulting from seed destruction. Here, we show that, in Phyllantheae, specialization to pollination by Epicephala moths evolved at least five times, involving more than 500 Phyllantheae species in this obligate association. Active pollination behaviour evolved once in Epicephala, 10-20 Myr after the initial divergence of their host plants. The pollinating Epicephala moths thus radiated on an already-diverged host lineage and successively colonized new Phyllantheae hosts, thereby giving rise to repeated independent evolution of the specialized pollination system in Phyllantheae. The present evolutionary success of this association rests entirely upon active pollination by Epicephala, making this a distinct example of an evolutionary key innovation. Overall, our findings provide a clear empirical demonstration of how a combination of evolutionary innovation and partner shifts facilitates the spread of mutualism in a coevolving species interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawakita
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Ueda S, Quek SP, Itioka T, Inamori K, Sato Y, Murase K, Itino T. An ancient tripartite symbiosis of plants, ants and scale insects. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:2319-26. [PMID: 18611850 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Asian tropics, a conspicuous radiation of Macaranga plants is inhabited by obligately associated Crematogaster ants tending Coccus (Coccidae) scale insects, forming a tripartite symbiosis. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that the plants and the ants have been codiversifying over the past 16-20 million years (Myr). The prevalence of coccoids in ant-plant mutualisms suggest that they play an important role in the evolution of ant-plant symbioses. To determine whether the scale insects were involved in the evolutionary origin of the mutualism between Macaranga and Crematogaster, we constructed a cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene phylogeny of the scale insects collected from myrmecophytic Macaranga and estimated their time of origin based on a COI molecular clock. The minimum age of the associated Coccus was estimated to be half that of the ants, at 7-9Myr, suggesting that they were latecomers in the evolutionary history of the symbiosis. Crematogaster mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages did not exhibit specificity towards Coccus mtDNA lineages, and the latter was not found to be specific towards Macaranga taxa, suggesting that patterns of associations in the scale insects are dictated by opportunity rather than by specialized adaptations to host plant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Ueda
- Department of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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Lohman DJ, Peggie D, Pierce NE, Meier R. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of a widespread Old World butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:301. [PMID: 18973689 PMCID: PMC2613918 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionary genetics provides a rich theoretical framework for empirical studies of phylogeography. Investigations of intraspecific genetic variation can uncover new putative species while allowing inference into the evolutionary origin and history of extant populations. With a distribution on four continents ranging throughout most of the Old World, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is one of the most widely distributed species of butterfly. It is placed in a monotypic genus with no commonly accepted subspecies. Here, we investigate the demographic history and taxonomic status of this widespread species, and screen for the presence or absence of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. RESULTS We performed phylogenetic, population genetic, and phylogeographic analyses using 1799 bp of mitochondrial sequence data from 57 specimens collected throughout the species' range. Most of the samples (>90%) were nearly genetically identical, with uncorrected pairwise sequence differences of 0-0.5% across geographic distances >9,000 km. However, five samples from central Thailand, Madagascar, northern Australia and the Moluccas formed two divergent clades differing from the majority of samples by uncorrected pairwise distances ranging from 1.79-2.21%. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that L. boeticus is almost certainly monophyletic, with all sampled genes coalescing well after the divergence from three closely related taxa included for outgroup comparisons. Analyses of molecular diversity indicate that most L. boeticus individuals in extant populations are descended from one or two relatively recent population bottlenecks. CONCLUSION The combined analyses suggest a scenario in which the most recent common ancestor of L. boeticus and its sister taxon lived in the African region approximately 7 Mya; extant lineages of L. boeticus began spreading throughout the Old World at least 1.5 Mya. More recently, expansion after population bottlenecks approximately 1.4 Mya seem to have displaced most of the ancestral polymorphism throughout its range, though at least two early-branching lineages still persist. One of these lineages, in northern Australia and the Moluccas, may have experienced accelerated differentiation due to infection with the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia, which affects reproduction. Examination of a haplotype network suggests that Australia has been colonized by the species several times. While there is little evidence for the existence of morphologically cryptic species, these results suggest a complex history affected by repeated dispersal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lohman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Division of Zoology, Research Centre for Biology-LIPI, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong-Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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