1
|
Ribeiro JT, Thieme S, Zettermann P, Leite AA, Zanella VG, Pilar EFS, Fonseca FP, Mesquita RA, Vargas PA, Dos Santos JN, Martins MD. Immunoexpression of BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR receptors in peripheral neural lesions of the head and neck. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:492-501. [PMID: 33222311 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin receptors have been recognized as fundamental regulators of normal brain development, homeostasis, and plasticity. They have also been studied in the behavior of central nervous system tumors. Here, we studied the pattern of BDNF, TrkB and p75NTR immunoexpression in peripheral benign and malignant neural lesions in head and neck. METHODS This cross-sectional analytical study included 79 cases of head and neck neural lesions. Nineteen cases of traumatic neuromas (TN), 20 cases of granular cell tumors (GCT), 16 cases of neurofibromas (NF), 20 cases of schwannomas (SC), and 4 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) were submitted to immunohistochemistry with BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR antibodies. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS The analysis of BDNF demonstrated a high percentage of positive cells in TN, GCT and SC with a decrease in cases of NF and MPNST. TrkB presented a lower significant immunoexpression in GCT in relation to the TN, NF, SC, and MPNST (P < .0001); and TN showed less percentage of positive cell compared to SC (P = .0017). Regarding p75NTR, the percentage of positive cell was significantly reduced in MPNST compared GCT (P = .009), NF (P = .0138) and SC (P = .0069). Also, a decrease in TN compared to GCT (P = .007) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the immunoreactivity of BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR in head and neck peripheral neural lesions. Reduction of BDNF and p75NTR in MPNST might suggest down-regulation during the acquisition of malignant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Turra Ribeiro
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Thieme
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Zettermann
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Almeida Leite
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgilio Gonzales Zanella
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Santa Rita, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emily Ferreira Salles Pilar
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Santa Rita, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Oral Medicine, Porto Alegre Clinics Hospital (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comparision of New Diagnostic Tools for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:393-398. [PMID: 27734293 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
3
|
Yoshizawa K, Yuki M, Kinoshita Y, Emoto Y, Yuri T, Elmore SA, Tsubura A. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced schwannomas in male Sprague-Dawley rats with a literature review of inducible and spontaneous lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:371-9. [PMID: 27233116 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) possesses peripheral nervous system carcinogenic activity in rats and induces benign and malignant schwannomas in systemic organs. In this retrospective study, we compared the characteristics of various immunohistochemical markers in MNU-induced schwannomas in male Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats including: vimentin (Vim), S100, p75 nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR), CD57, pancytokeratin (CK), myoglobin, desmin and α smooth muscle actin (SMA). Single intraperitoneal exposures of 50 or 75mg/kg MNU in male rats at the age of 4 weeks induced schwannomas in 43 surviving and terminated rats up to 30-weeks-old. The incidence rate of neoplastic lesions was 37% (16 of 43 rats). Benign schwannomas (mesentery, pancreas, thymus) and malignant schwannomas (subendocardium, cardiac intramural, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, prostate), occurred in nine and seven rats, respectively. All neoplastic lesions were moderately or strongly positive for Vim, S100 and LNGFR proteins. Benign tumors were weakly positive and malignant tumors strongly positive for Ki-67, suggesting a high active proliferation rate of Schwann cell precursors. All lesions were negative for CD57, CK, myoglobin, desmin and SMA. This data may provide useful immunohistochemical information for the investigation of schwannomas in rat chemical carcinogenicity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Fumizono 10-15, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Susan A Elmore
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morphologic and immunohistochemical features of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and cellular schwannomas. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:187-200. [PMID: 25189642 PMCID: PMC6816504 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular schwannoma is an uncommon, but well-recognized, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor, which can be misdiagnosed as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. To develop consensus diagnostic criteria for cellular schwannoma, we reviewed 115 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and 26 cellular schwannoma cases from two institutions. Clinical data were retrieved from the electronic medical records, and morphologic features, maximal mitotic counts, Ki67 labeling indices, and immunohistochemical profiles (SOX10, SOX2, p75NTR, p16, p53, EGFR, and neurofibromin) were assessed. Several features distinguish cellular schwannoma from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. First, in contrast to patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, no metastases or disease-specific deaths were found in patients with cellular schwannoma. More specifically, 5-year progression-free survival rates were 100 and 18%, and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 100 and 32% for cellular schwannoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, respectively. Second, the presence of Schwannian whorls, a peritumoral capsule, subcapsular lymphocytes, macrophage-rich infiltrates, and the absence of fascicles favored the diagnosis of cellular schwannoma, while the presence of perivascular hypercellularity, tumor herniation into vascular lumens, and necrosis favor malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Third, complete loss of SOX10, neurofibromin or p16 expression, or the presence of EGFR immunoreactivity was specific for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (P<0.001 for each). Expression of p75NTR was observed in 80% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors compared with 31% of cellular schwannomas (P<0.001). Fourth, Ki-67 labeling indices ≥20% were highly predictive of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (87% sensitivity and 96% specificity). Taken together, the combinations of these histopathological and immunohistochemical features provide useful criteria to distinguish between malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and cellular schwannoma with high sensitivity and specificity. Additional retrospective and prospective multicenter studies with larger data sets will be required to validate these findings.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmad I, Yue WY, Fernando A, Clark JJ, Woodson EA, Hansen MR. p75NTR is highly expressed in vestibular schwannomas and promotes cell survival by activating nuclear transcription factor κB. Glia 2014; 62:1699-712. [PMID: 24976126 PMCID: PMC4150679 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) arise from Schwann cells (SCs) and result from the loss of function of merlin, the protein product of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. In contrast to non-neoplastic SCs, VS cells survive long-term in the absence of axons. We find that p75(NTR) is overexpressed in VSs compared with normal nerves, both at the transcript and protein level, similar to the response of non-neoplastic SCs following axotomy. Despite elevated p75(NTR) expression, VS cells are resistant to apoptosis due to treatment with proNGF, a high affinity ligand for p75(NTR) . Furthermore, treatment with proNGF protects VS cells from apoptosis due to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition indicating that p75(NTR) promotes VS cell survival. Treatment of VS cells with proNGF activated NF-κB while inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or siRNA-mediated knockdown reduced NF-κB activity. Significantly, proNGF also activated NF-κB in cultures treated with JNK inhibitors. Thus, JNK activity appears to be required for basal levels of NF-κB activity but not for proNGF-induced NF-κB activity. To confirm that the increase in NF-κB activity contributes to the prosurvival effect of proNGF, we infected VS cultures with Ad.IκB.SerS32/36A virus, which inhibits NF-κB activation. Compared with control virus, Ad.IκB.SerS32/36A significantly increased apoptosis including in VS cells treated with proNGF. Thus, in contrast to non-neoplastic SCs, p75(NTR) signaling provides a prosurvival response in VS cells by activating NF-κB independent of JNK. Such differences may contribute to the ability of VS cells to survive long-term in the absence of axons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iram Ahmad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Wei Ying Yue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Augusta Fernando
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Jason Clark
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Erika A. Woodson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Marlan R. Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kramer F, Stöver T, Warnecke A, Diensthuber M, Lenarz T, Wissel K. BDNF mRNA expression is significantly upregulated in vestibular schwannomas and correlates with proliferative activity. J Neurooncol 2009; 98:31-9. [PMID: 19937367 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-0063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The expression of neurotrophic factors, such as artemin, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin, transforming growth factors (TGF)-beta1/beta2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is enhanced in vestibular schwannomas compared to peripheral nerves. Furthermore, this upregulation may correlate with mitotic activity. Vestibular schwannoma arising from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve are mostly benign and slow-growing. Most of the pathogenic mechanisms regulating the vestibular schwannoma growth process are unknown. An impaired growth regulation and imbalance between mitosis and apoptosis can be assumed. However, molecular mechanisms interfering with regulation of the vestibular schwannoma growth also modulated by mitogenic factors have to be identified. Neurotrophic factors are involved in regulation of developmental processes in neuronal tissues and regeneration after peripheral nerve trauma and also reveal mitogenic effects on glial cell populations. Gene expression profiles of artemin, BDNF, GDNF, TGF-beta1/beta2 and Ret were determined in the vestibular schwannoma in comparison to the peripheral nerve tissues by using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expression data were correlated to the proliferation-associated Ki-67 labelling index. A significant higher BDNF expression was observed in the vestibular schwannoma, whereas gene expression of artemin and GDNF was upregulated in peripheral nerves. The correlation between LI and BDNF, TGF-beta1 and Ret was found to be significant in the vestibular schwannoma. Our results demonstrate a coherence between BDNF expression and proliferative activity in the vestibular schwannoma. Based on these results, we propose a pivotal role for BDNF in modulating the vestibular schwannoma growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Kramer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dundr P, Povýsil C, Tvrdík D. Actin expression in neural crest cell-derived tumors including schwannomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, neurofibromas and melanocytic tumors. Pathol Int 2009; 59:86-90. [PMID: 19154261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumors that originate from neural crest-derived cells represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms including benign and malignant tumors with melanocytic and schwannian differentiation. The immunophenotype of these tumors is well known but little is known about the expression of smooth muscle/myofibroblastic markers in these tumors. A total of 590 neural crest-derived tumors (50 benign schwannomas, five malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 80 neurofibromas, 240 nevocytic nevi, 115 primary melanomas, and 100 melanoma metastases) were studied with respect to alpha-smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin expression. alpha-Smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin-positive tumor cells with a co-expression of S-100 protein were found in one benign schwannoma, one primary cutaneous melanoma, and four melanoma metastases. Four of these cases were examined ultrastructurally, but typical actin filaments with focal densities were not found in any of the four. Other immunohistochemical markers examined including desmin, h-caldesmon and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain were negative in the tumor cells. The present results suggest that neural crest-derived tumors could show expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin on rare occasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Charles University, Studnickova 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Yamada K, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa K, Inagaki N. Expression of ABCA2 protein in human vestibular schwannoma and peripheral nerve. J Neurol Sci 2005; 232:59-63. [PMID: 15850583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABCA2, which belongs to the A subclass of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, the myelin-forming cells in brain and peripheral nerve, respectively. Here, we demonstrate by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry that ABCA2 is expressed in benign vestibular schwannomas, which contain neither axons nor compact myelin. The expression patterns of ABCA2 in combination with other markers showed phenotypic heterogeneity in schwannomas. The majority of cells in fascicular Antoni type A areas coexpressed ABCA2, Ca2+-binding protein S100beta, and p75 nerve growth factor receptor. In contrast, considerably varied expression levels of ABCA2 and p75 were more prominent in hypocellular type B areas than in type A areas. These data suggest that ABCA2 may be useful as a marker for cellular characterization of schwannomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonetti B, Valdo P, Ossi G, De Toni L, Masotto B, Marconi S, Rizzuto N, Nardelli E, Moretto G. T-cell cytotoxicity of human Schwann cells: TNFalpha promotes fasL-mediated apoptosis and IFN gamma perforin-mediated lysis. Glia 2003; 43:141-8. [PMID: 12838506 DOI: 10.1002/glia.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of resident cells to induce apoptosis of invading immune cells is a major regulatory factor operating in immune-privileged tissues, including the nervous system. We investigated the cellular and molecular factors participating in modulation of immune response in peripheral nerves, focusing on two cytotoxic pathways: fas ligand (fasL) and perforin. fasL and perforin expression was found by immunochemistry on Schwann cells (Sc) in nerve biopsies from patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis and on human Sc cultures. Treatment of Sc with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interferon (IFN) gamma upregulated the expression of both molecules. In a coculture model, Sc exposed to TNFalpha or IFN gamma were able to induce both apoptotic and lytic injury of T-lymphocytes. Inactivation of fasL with the neutralizing antibody NOK-2 abolished T-cell apoptosis induced by Sc treated with TNFalpha, but not by Sc treated with IFN gamma. Conversely, T-cell lysis was significantly decreased when IFN gamma-activated Sc were treated with concanamycin A, which inhibited perforin release. At variance with T-lymphocytes, B-cells were less sensitive to cytokine-treated Sc toxicity. Thus, Sc exposed to inflammatory cytokines have the capacity of inducing selective damage of T-lymphocytes and have the potential of regulating the immune response in the peripheral nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fanburg-Smith JC, Miettinen M. Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75) in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and other nonneural tumors: a study of 1,150 tumors and fetal and adult normal tissues. Hum Pathol 2001; 32:976-83. [PMID: 11567228 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2001.27602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. It may modulate the binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the functional high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinase (trk) A. NGF is thought to be responsible for growth, apoptosis, and function of the nervous system. The presence of this receptor (p75) was determined in a large group of neural and nonneural tumors and fetal and adult tissues. One thousand one hundred fifty tumors were analyzed with monoclonal antibody for p75, along with selected normal fetal and adult tissues. Immunoreactivity for p75 was present in adult pericytes, perivascular fibroblasts, basal cells of several types of epithelia, perineurial cells, and dendritic reticulum cells. Additionally, a wide zone of subepithelial mesenchyme and skeletal muscle were positive in the first-trimester fetus, but were diminished or negative in the adult. Consistently positive nonneural mesenchymal tumors included dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and spindle cell hemangio(endotheli)oma. Schwann cell tumors, ganglioneuroma, granular cell tumor, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) were also p75 positive. Mesenchymal nonneural tumors that were variably positive (32% to 69%) for p75 included fibrosarcoma variants, solitary fibrous tumor, hemangiopericytoma, spindle cell lipoma, Ewing's sarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and malignant melanoma. Nervous system tumors such as paragangliomas, neuroblastoma, meningioma, and perineurioma and nonneural mesenchymal tumors, including extraskeletal osteosarcoma, benign fibrous histiocytomas, fibromas, alveolar soft part sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, smooth muscle and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and angiosarcomas, were almost always negative for p75. Epithelial tumors that were consistently positive included mixed tumor and adenoid cystic carcinoma, whereas mesothelioma, adenocarcinomas, and most squamous cell carcinomas were negative. p75 is not a specific marker for nerve sheath tumors. It is present in a variety of other mesenchymal tumors including synovial sarcoma and in CD34-positive tumors such as DFSP, spindle cell lipoma, and hemangiopericytoma. The presence of p75 in nonneural tumors such as DFSP and rhabdomyosarcoma mimic its presence in early fetal mesenchyme and skeletal muscle, suggesting oncofetal expression in these tumors. p75 may be useful to distinguish DFSP from benign fibrous histiocytoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Fanburg-Smith
- Department of Soft Tissue Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bonetti B, Valdo P, Stegagno C, Tanel R, Zanusso GL, Ramarli D, Fiorini E, Turazzi S, Carner M, Moretto G. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and human Schwann cells: signalling and phenotype modulation without cell death. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000; 59:74-84. [PMID: 10744037 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/59.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the biological response of human Schwann cells (SC) to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in vitro and to the inflammatory milieu of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis (CIDP). By immunocytochemical and functional assays, we found that SC expressed TNF receptors and that TNFalpha promoted in SC cultures transient activation of transcription factors NFkappaB and c-jun in the absence of apoptosis. In addition, TNFalpha significantly increased the proportion of non-myelin-forming SC expressing the p75 nerve growth factor receptor. Such phenotypic effect was dose-dependent and partially mediated by NFkappaB, as assessed by functional blockage with acetylsalicylic acid. We then extended our study to a human disease in which SC are exposed to TNFalpha. Increased signals for NFkappaB, but not c-jun, molecules were observed by immunohistochemistry on SC nuclei in nerve biopsies from patients with CIDP, as compared with controls. Irrespective of the presence of nerve inflammation, SC showed no evidence of apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggested that SC are potential targets of TNFalpha and that this cytokine exerted no cytotoxic effects either in vivo or in vitro. Rather, TNFalpha may influence the fate of SC by activating transcriptional pathways and modulating their phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bonetti
- Sezione di Neurologia Cliica, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Università di Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miknyoczki SJ, Lang D, Huang L, Klein-Szanto AJ, Dionne CA, Ruggeri BA. Neurotrophins and Trk receptors in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: expression patterns and effects on in vitro invasive behavior. Int J Cancer 1999; 81:417-27. [PMID: 10209957 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990505)81:3<417::aid-ijc16>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive and highly metastatic behavior observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may be due to autocrine and/or paracrine interactions (tumor/stromal) involving altered expression of peptide growth factors and their corresponding receptors. The neurotrophin (NT) growth factor family and their cognate receptors have been demonstrated to play a role in the invasiveness, chemotactic behavior and tumor cell survival of both neuronal and non-neuronal cancers. We hypothesized that aberrant expression of the NTs and/or the Trk receptors may contribute to the malignant phenotype of PDAC, specifically tumor cell invasiveness, through autocrine and/or paracrine interactions. In this study, we examined the expression of NTs, Trks and p75NGFR by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses in both normal (n=14) and neoplastic pancreas (n=47) and PDAC-derived cell lines (n=6). Further, we evaluated the effects of various NTs on the in vitro invasive and chemotactic behavior on 6 human PDAC-derived cell lines in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), NT-3, NT-4/5 and Trks A, B and C exhibited diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous immunostaining patterns in both the ducts and the acini of the exocrine pancreas and the islets of the endocrine pancreas of both normal and PDAC specimens. NT expression was primarily within the stromal compartment of the tumor, while Trk expression was weak or absent. We observed a 68%, 64% and 66% increase in the expression of Trks A, B and C, respectively, in the ductal elements of the PDAC samples examined compared with the normal adjacent tissue. Invasiveness of 4 of 6 PDAC cell lines was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) when the cells were incubated with 100 ng/ml NT. However, when select cell lines were incubated with lower concentrations of NT-3 and BDNF (0, 1, 5, 25 and 50 ng/ml), invasiveness was significantly stimulated (p<0.05) through the Matrigel matrix. Collectively, our data suggest the possibility that paracrine and/or autocrine NT-Trk interactions may influence the phenotype (possibly the invasive behavior) of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Miknyoczki
- Department of Pathology, MCP-Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|