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Sripa B, Haswell MR. Mast cell hyperplasia in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholecystitis. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:373-376. [PMID: 33155102 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in understanding the role of the immune response in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated carcinogenesis, little is known about how infection induces gall bladder disease. This study investigated whether mast cells are activated in cholecystitis associated with O. viverrini, gall bladder specimens from ninety-two patients who had undergone cholecystectomy at the Khon Kaen Regional Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Two representative sections from the body of fresh gall bladder tissue were fixed in Carnoy's solution and embedded in paraffin wax. The paraffin sections were stained for mast cells and IgE plasma cells by the double histochemical and immunohistochemical method. The cells in the epithelium, lamina propria, muscular layer, and subserosa were counted and expressed as cells per square millimeter. The gall bladder bile was examined for the presence of O. viverrini eggs. Significantly higher mean mast cell numbers were found in the lamina propria (221.41 ± 16.01 vs 116.97 ± 14.61 cells per mm2; P < 0.005) of egg positive compared to egg negative groups, respectively. No comparable differences in mast cell number were observed in other layers. IgE plasma cells were rarely seen. The results suggest that mast cell hyperplasia occurs during cholecystitis in association with opisthorchiasis and may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Melissa R Haswell
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Indigenous Strategy and Services), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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2
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Prakobwong S, Suwannatrai K. Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:527-535. [PMID: 33202504 PMCID: PMC7672229 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the reinfection profile associated with risk factors of opisthorchiasis, we conducted an epidemiological study on the chemotherapeutic effects on reinfection with O. viverrini in the endemic areas of Northeastern Thailand for 3 years. A total of 3,674 fecal samples were collected from participants in villages of 5 provinces. They were examined microscopically using a modified technique of formalin ethyl-acetate concentration. Egg-positive residents were reexamined year (2018) by year (2019) after treatment with a single dose (40 mg/kg) of praziquantel. Health education was provided to the participants yearly. The egg-positive rate of O. viverrini was 14.3%, and was highest (22.2%) in the 20–30 year-old group in 2017. The egg positive rate was 15.3% in dogs and 11.4% cats. Human reinfection rate was 15.5% and 6.3% in next 2 years, and was highest (23.2%) among the fishermen. Relative risk factors of reinfection were significantly higher for males, over 40-year-old age, or working as fishermen or farmers, and eating uncooked fish within the preceding year. A significant difference resulting from a health education program was observed in the third year. Therefore, health education and sustainable surveillance for opisthorchiasis should be maintained to decrease the risk of reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suksanti Prakobwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand.,Northeast Liver Fluke Research and Outreach Unit, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
| | - Kulwadee Suwannatrai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
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3
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Harrington D, Lamberton PHL, McGregor A. Human liver flukes. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2:680-689. [PMID: 28786389 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fluke infections occur in people worldwide. In some low-income regions, a combination of ecological, agricultural, and culinary factors leads to a very high prevalence of infection but, in higher-income regions, infections are uncommon. Infection is associated with substantial morbidity and several liver fluke species are recognised as biological carcinogens. Here, we review the epidemiology, clinical significance, and diagnostic and treatment strategies of human infection with these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harrington
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Poppy H L Lamberton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, and Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair McGregor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Edwards SW, Spofford EM, Price C, Wright HL, Salao K, Suttiprapa S, Sripa B. Opisthorchiasis-Induced Cholangiocarcinoma: How Innate Immunity May Cause Cancer. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 101:149-176. [PMID: 29907253 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Innate, inflammatory responses towards persistent Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection are likely to contribute to the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a liver cancer that is rare in the West but prevalent in Greater Mekong Subregion countries in Southeast Asia. Infection results in the infiltration of innate immune cells into the bile ducts and subsequent activation of inflammatory immune responses that fail to clear OV but instead may damage local tissues within the bile ducts. Not all patients infected with OV develop CCA, and so tumourigenesis may be dependent on multiple factors including the magnitude of the inflammatory response that is activated in infected individuals. The purpose of this review is to summarize how innate immune responses may promote tumourigenesis following OV infection and if such responses can be used to predict CCA onset in OV-infected individuals. It also hypothesizes on the role that Helicobacterspp., which are associated with liver fluke infections, may play in activation of the innate the immune system to promote tissue damage and persistent inflammation leading to CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edward M Spofford
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Price
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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5
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Sripa B, Tangkawattana S, Brindley PJ. Update on Pathogenesis of Opisthorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 102:97-113. [PMID: 30442312 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini causes cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Whereas the cause of CCA in the West remains obscure, the principal risk factor in Thailand is opisthorchiasis. Here, we review recent findings on the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and CCA focusing on helminth molecules/toxic metabolites, host-parasite interaction, endocytosis, immunopathology/inflammatory responses, free radical production, molecular genetic alterations, and multifactorial including coinfections driving to CCA development.
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Maksimova GA, Pakharukova MY, Kashina EV, Zhukova NA, Kovner AV, Lvova MN, Katokhin AV, Tolstikova TG, Sripa B, Mordvinov VA. Effect of Opisthorchis felineus infection and dimethylnitrosamine administration on the induction of cholangiocarcinoma in Syrian hamsters. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:458-463. [PMID: 26453019 PMCID: PMC4956575 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The food-borne liver trematode Opisthorchis felineus is an emerging source of biliary tract diseases on the territory of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. This parasite along with trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis belong to the triad of epidemiologically important liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae family. It is known that O. viverrini and C. sinensis are the main risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the endemic regions. The carcinogenic potential of O. felineus has not been well researched because of the absence of systematic pathomorphological, clinical, and epidemiological studies on O. felineus opisthorchiasis. In the present study, we show the results of detailed histopathological analysis and comprehensive evaluation of inflammation, bile duct dysplasia, periductal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, bile duct proliferation, egg granuloma, cysts, cholangiofibrosis, and CCA from 10 to 30 weeks following infection of Syrian hamsters with O. felineus accompanied by oral administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). The results revealed that O. felineus contributes to bile duct cancer development in the hamster model. During the combined action of O. felineus and DMN, morphological features of the liver underwent dramatic changes at the cellular and organ levels. Already in the early stages of the experiment, we observed extensive periductal fibrosis, active inflammation, proliferation of the bile duct, bile duct dysplasia and egg granulomas. Later, against the background of all these changes, cholangiofibrosis and CCA were found. Our work is the first step in the study of carcinogenic potential of O. felineus . Obtained data indicate the risk of CCA of patients having chronic O. felineus opisthorchiasis, and underscore the need for the development of programs for control of this helminthiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Maksimova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Y Pakharukova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Elena V Kashina
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya A Zhukova
- Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V Kovner
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria N Lvova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana G Tolstikova
- Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Viatcheslav A Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drugs Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tymakov str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wongsena W, Charoensuk L, Dangtakot R, Pinlaor P, Intuyod K, Pinlaor S. Melatonin suppresses eosinophils and Th17 cells in hamsters treated with a combination of human liver fluke infection and a chemical carcinogen. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:98-105. [PMID: 29331794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection and chemical carcinogen induces cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in hamsters via inflammation-mediated mechanisms. Thus, suppression of inflammatory cells at the initial stages of CCA development would be of benefit. We aimed to investigate whether IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17) and CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells (Treg) are involved in the early stages of CCA genesis and can be targeted for suppression by melatonin. METHODS Inflammation, an initial stage of CCA development, was induced in hamsters by a combination of O. viverrini infection and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) administration. Melatonin (50mg/kg) was additionally administered to one group for the 30days of the experiment. Liver tissue-resident T cells were investigated using immunostaining, western blotting, and real-time PCR. RESULTS OV+NDMA-induced CCA tissues showed significantly higher numbers of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, bile duct proliferation and IL-17+ cell infiltration compared to normal livers. Expression of Foxp3 was localized in the bile duct epithelial cells, and especially in the bile duct hyperplasia. Accumulation of CD4+ and IL-17+ cells and intense staining of the Foxp3+ marker were consistent with their protein levels. Infiltration of IL-17+ inflammatory cells and Foxp3+ cells, as well as increases in their transcription expression levels, were significantly lower in the melatonin-treated group. In contrast, increased CD4+ cell infiltration and TNF-α expression were also observed through melatonin treatment. CONCLUSION Melatonin exerts an immunomodulatory effect, suppressing eosinophils and Th17 cells and expression of Foxp3, but enhancing CD4+ cells and TNF-α. This suggests that melatonin may be used for CCA chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachanan Wongsena
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Thailand
| | - Lakhanawan Charoensuk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Thailand
| | - Rungtiwa Dangtakot
- Center of Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Center of Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
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Sripa B, Deenonpoe R, Brindley PJ. Co-infections with liver fluke and Helicobacter species: A paradigm change in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma? Parasitol Int 2016; 66:383-389. [PMID: 27919744 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the fish-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 carcinogen: definitely carcinogenic in humans. Cofactors likely contribute to bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) caused by this infection. Here we review recent findings that address the role of liver fluke associated H. pylori in hepatobiliary disease and malignancy. We hypothesize that co-infection by O. viverrini and the bacillus Helicobacter pylori is central of liver fluke infection associated cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Raksawan Deenonpoe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Sitko J, Bizos J, Sherrard-Smith E, Stanton DWG, Komorová P, Heneberg P. Integrative taxonomy of European parasitic flatworms of the genus Metorchis Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae). Parasitol Int 2016; 65:258-67. [PMID: 26794684 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metorchis spp. are flukes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) that infect vertebrates, including humans, dogs, cats, poultry and wild game, with cyprinid freshwater fish serving as typical second intermediate hosts. In their definitive hosts, the Metorchis spp. are difficult to identify to species. We provide and analyze sequences of two nuclear (18S rDNA and ITS2) and two mitochondrial (CO1 and ND1) DNA loci of four morphologically identified European species of the Metorchis, namely Metorchis albidus, Metorchis bilis, Metorchis crassiusculus and Metorchis xanthosomus, and of another opisthorchiid, Euamphimerus pancreaticus. DNA analysis suggests that the Metorchis specimens identified morphologically as M. albidus (from Lutra lutra), M. bilis (from Phalacrocorax carbo) and M. crassiusculus (from Aquila heliaca and Buteo rufinus) represent a single species. Thus, M. albidus (Braun, 1893) Loos, 1899 and M. crassiusculus (Rudolphi, 1809) Looss, 1899 are recognized as junior subjective synonyms of M. bilis (Braun, 1790) Odening, 1962. We also provide comparative measurements of the Central European Metorchis spp., and address their tissue specificity and prevalence based on the examination of extensive bird cohort from 1962 to 2015. M. bilis and M. xanthosomus can be morphologically diagnosed by measuring the extent of genitalia relative to body length and by the size ratio of their suckers. They also differ in their core definitive hosts, with ducks (Anas, Aythya) and coots (Fulica) hosting M. xanthosomus, and cormorants (Phalacrocorax), the birds of prey (Buteo, Aquila, etc.), piscivorous mammals (Lutra, Vulpes, Ursus, etc.) and humans hosting M. bilis. Previous reports on the Metorchis spp. contain numerous suspected misidentifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiljí Sitko
- Comenius Museum, Moravian Ornithological Station, Přerov, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bizos
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eleanor Sherrard-Smith
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hongsrichan N, Intuyod K, Pinlaor P, Khoontawad J, Yongvanit P, Wongkham C, Roytrakul S, Pinlaor S. Cytokine/chemokine secretion and proteomic identification of upregulated annexin A1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2135-47. [PMID: 24614660 PMCID: PMC3993434 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00901-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cytokine/chemokine secretions and alteration of protein expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cocultured with adult liver flukes (Opisthorchis viverrini) for 6 to 24 h. PBMC-derived proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the cytokines/chemokines in the supernatant were assessed using a cytokine array. Exposure to O. viverrini induced increases in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, costimulating protein, adhesion molecules, and chemotactic chemokines relative to untreated controls. In contrast, secretion of the CD40 ligand, interleukin 16, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β decreased. Proteomic analysis revealed that expression of 48 proteins was significantly altered in PBMCs stimulated with O. viverrini. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was selected for further study, and immunoblotting showed upregulation of ANXA1 expression in PBMCs after 12 and 24 h coculture with liver flukes. In an in vivo study, transcription and translation of ANXA1 significantly increased in livers of hamsters infected with O. viverrini at 21 days and from 3 months onwards compared to normal controls. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry revealed that ANXA1 was present not only in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells but also in the cytoplasm of cholangiocytes, which are in close contact with the parasite and its excretory/secretory products in the biliary system. Expression of ANXA1 increased with time concomitant with bile duct enlargement, bile duct formation, and epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, several cytokines/chemokines secreted by PBMCs and upregulation of ANXA1 in PBMCs and biliary epithelial cells might have a role in host defense against O. viverrini infection and tissue resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttanan Hongsrichan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jarinya Khoontawad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Yongvanit P, Pinlaor S, Loilome W. Risk biomarkers for assessment and chemoprevention of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2014; 21:309-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puangrat Yongvanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; 123 Mitraparb Road Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; 123 Mitraparb Road Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
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12
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Kaewpitoon N, Kaewpitoon SJ, Ueng-Arporn N, Rujirakul R, Churproong S, Matrakool L, Auiwatanagul S, Sripa B. Carcinogenic Human Liver Fluke: Current Status of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1235-40. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Pinlaor P, Pongsamart P, Hongsrichan N, Sangka A, Srilunchang T, Mairiang E, Sithithaworn P, Pinlaor S. Specific serum IgG, but not IgA, antibody against purified Opisthorchis viverrini antigen associated with hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma. Parasitol Int 2012; 61:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Increased expression of TLR-2, COX-2, and SOD-2 genes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of opisthorchiasis patients induced by Opisthorchis viverrini antigen. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1969-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Yongvanit P, Pinlaor S, Bartsch H. Oxidative and nitrative DNA damage: key events in opisthorchiasis-induced carcinogenesis. Parasitol Int 2011; 61:130-5. [PMID: 21704729 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection is the major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Northeastern Thailand. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B that control cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide activities, disturb the homeostasis of oxidants/anti-oxidants and DNA repair enzymes, all of which appear to be involved in O. viverrini-associated inflammatory processes and CCA. Consequently oxidative and nitrative stress-related cellular damage occurs due to the over production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in inflamed target cells. This is supported by the detection of high levels of oxidized DNA and DNA bases modified by lipid peroxidation products in both animal and human tissues affected by O. viverrini-infection. Treatment of opisthorchiasis patients with praziquantel, an anti- trematode drug was shown to reduce inflammation-mediated tissue damage and carcinogenesis. The principal mechanisms that govern the effects of inflammation and immunity in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinogenesis are reviewed. The validity of inflammation-related biomolecules and DNA damage products to serve as predictive biomarkers for disease risk evaluation and intervention is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puangrat Yongvanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Ninlawan K, O’Hara SP, Splinter PL, Yongvanit P, Kaewkes S, Surapaitoon A, LaRusso NF, Sripa B. Opisthorchis viverrini excretory/secretory products induce toll-like receptor 4 upregulation and production of interleukin 6 and 8 in cholangiocyte. Parasitol Int 2010; 59:616-21. [PMID: 20887801 PMCID: PMC3319364 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract infection with the Group I carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with severe inflammation leading to cholangiocarcinoma--a major biliary cancer in Southeast Asia. However, mechanism(s) by which the liver fluke induces host mucosal immune/inflammatory responses is unclear. In the present study we address whether a normal immortalized human cholangiocyte cell line (H69 cells) recognizes and responds to O. viverrini excretory/secretory products (OVES). Expression of multiple TLRs, activation of NF-κB, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were monitored in the presence and absence of OVES. Our results showed that OVES induced increased cholangiocyte TLR4 mRNA expression, induced IκB-α degradation in a MyD88-dependent manner, and activated NF-κB nuclear translocation. Moreover, OVES induced expression and secretion of the strong chemoattractant chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. These results demonstrate that secreted/excreted products of O. viverrini are recognized by human cholangiocytes and initiate innate mucosal immunity/inflammatory cascades, a primary event in the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantima Ninlawan
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
- Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
| | - Steve P. O’Hara
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Medical School, Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick L. Splinter
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Medical School, Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Kaewkes
- Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
| | - Arpa Surapaitoon
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
- Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
| | - Nicholas F. LaRusso
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Medical School, Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailand
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Sripa B, Mairiang E, Thinkhamrop B, Laha T, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P, Tessana S, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM. Advanced periductal fibrosis from infection with the carcinogenic human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini correlates with elevated levels of interleukin-6. Hepatology 2009; 50:1273-81. [PMID: 19676135 PMCID: PMC3682769 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than 750 million people are at risk of infection with foodborne liver flukes. Opisthorchis viverrini is considered among the most important of these parasites, due to its strong association with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). O. viverrini infection results in a chronic inflammatory challenge to the host, which can lead to advanced, pathogen-specific disease sequelae including obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis, as well as CCA. However, before disease sequelae are apparent, important inflammatory changes to the liver can be detected early during O. viverrini infection. In a case-control study involving 328 men and women with O. viverrini infection, we determined the presence of advanced periductal fibrosis in asymptomatic, O. viverrini-infected individuals and then measured cytokine responses to O. viverrini excretory/secretory products (ES). In the 200 participants with advanced periductal fibrosis (cases), levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to O. viverrini ES were 8 times higher than levels of the 128 O. viverrini-infected individuals without advanced periductal fibrosis (controls). Moreover, elevated IL-6 to parasite ES was associated with increased risk of advanced periductal fibrosis by 63% in a model adjusted for sex and age. The risk of advanced periductal fibrosis was also found to increase with higher levels of IL-6: individuals in the third quartile of IL-6-ES production had a 127% higher risk of developing advanced periductal fibrosis than individuals in the first quartile of IL-6 production. O. viverrini-infected individuals with advanced periductal fibrosis showed other hepatobiliary abnormalities, including reduced gallbladder contractility and the presence of gallbladder sludge. CONCLUSION These data strongly implicate a role for parasite-specific IL-6 in the pathogenesis of advanced periductal fibrosis in opisthorchiasis, with possible links to other hepatobiliary abnormalities, including CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Khon Kaen University School of Medicine, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Kaewpitoon N, Kaewpitoon SJ, Pengsaa P, Sripa B. Opisthorchis viverrini: The carcinogenic human liver fluke. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:666-74. [PMID: 18205254 PMCID: PMC2683991 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The infection is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Multi-factorial etiology of cholangiocarcinoma, mechanical damage, parasite secretions, and immunopathology may enhance cholangiocarcinogenesis. Moreover, both experimental and epidemiological evidences strongly implicate liver fluke infection as the major risk factor in cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the bile ducts. The liver fluke infection is induced by eating raw or uncooked fish products that is the tradition and popular in the northeastern and northern region, particularly in rural areas, of Thailand. The health education programs to prevent and control opisthorchiasis are still required in the high-risk areas.
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Schuster R, Heidrich J, Pauly A, Nöckler K. Liver flukes in dogs and treatment with praziquantel. Vet Parasitol 2007; 150:362-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sripa B, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P, Mairiang E, Laha T, Smout M, Pairojkul C, Bhudhisawasdi V, Tesana S, Thinkamrop B, Bethony JM, Loukas A, Brindley PJ. Liver fluke induces cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS Med 2007; 4:e201. [PMID: 17622191 PMCID: PMC1913093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors discuss the molecular pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and associated cholangiocarcinogenesis, particularly nitrative and oxidative DNA damage and the clinical manifestations of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (BS); (PJB)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul J Brindley
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (BS); (PJB)
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Pinlaor S, Sripa B, Sithithaworn P, Yongvanit P. Hepatobiliary changes, antibody response, and alteration of liver enzymes in hamsters re-infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. Exp Parasitol 2004; 108:32-9. [PMID: 15491546 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Revised: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated pathological changes, antibody response, and liver enzymes in hamsters re-infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. Group 1 received a single dose of 50 metacercariae; Groups 2 and 3 were first dosed with of 30 metacercariae and re-infected with 20 more once or twice at three month intervals. Inflammation and liver cell necrosis were observed on 3D (day 3) for Group 3 and 7D for Group 2 in comparison with 21D for Group 1. Pathological changes included peri-ductal fibrosis, bile duct dilation, and small bile duct formation. Increased O. viverrini-specific IgG levels ranked in the order Group 3>Group 2>Group 1. Liver enzyme activity was related to inflammatory cell infiltration. Re-infection induced faster inflammation and more severe pathological changes in association with parasite-specific antibody during chronic inflammation. This study emphasizes that there is an important relationship between the gradual decreases of inflammation with a concomitant increase in fibrosis after re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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23
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Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Pathological consequences of O. viverrini infection occur mainly in the liver, extrahepatic bile ducts, gall bladder and kidney. These pathologies have been described in both humans and experimental animals. Moreover, both experimental and epidemiological evidence strongly implicate the liver fluke infection in the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma--the bile duct cancer. This review summarizes the pathology of opisthorchiasis from literature mainly published between 1970 and the present time and, particularly, emphasizes on current concept in pathogenesis of the disease. The theme is to highlight the new era of pathogenetic study of opisthorchiasis especially on host-parasite interaction and host immune/inflammatory responses leading to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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24
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Sripa B, Haswell-Elkins MR, Sinawat P. Histological analysis of gallbladder diseases in relation to opisthorchiasis in endemic areas of Thailand. Acta Trop 2003; 88:239-46. [PMID: 14611879 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic gallbladder disease frequently accompanies infection with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, in Northeast Thailand. However, the pathology and pathogenesis of the gallbladder disease have not been described. Accordingly, gallbladder specimens from 187 consecutive patients who had undergone cholecystectomy at a referral hospital in an endemic area in Thailand were histologically characterized in relation to O. viverrini infection. The infection was assessed by the presence of parasite eggs in the bile and/or antibody response to the liver fluke. The average level of parasite-specific IgG was significantly higher in patients with Opisthorchis eggs in the bile than those without (P<0.001). The main histopathologic features of the gallbladder included inflammation, mucosal atrophy/or hyperplasia, goblet cell metaplasia, mucous gland hyperplasia, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus formation, dysplasia and fibrosis. The fibrosis was strongly associated with elevated levels of Opisthorchis-specific antibody (P<0.001) but not with the presence of parasite eggs. Other pathologic features did not vary in frequency or severity with parasitological status. Our results show that severe fibrosis of the gallbladder is a more common histologic feature of cholecystitis among those with O. viverrini infection compared to those without infection. The close relationship between parasite-specific IgG and severe fibrosis suggests that specific immune response to the parasite play an important role in the pathogenesis of the fibrotic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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25
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Boonmee S, Imtawil K, Wongkham C, Wongkham S. Comparative proteomic analysis of juvenile and adult liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. Acta Trop 2003; 88:233-8. [PMID: 14611878 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We used comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to highlight proteins that are differentially expressed in the maturation stage of the parasite Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). The proteins differentially expressed in the juvenile/adult forms of the parasite are thought to be important for survival and pathogenesis. We used a nonlinear gradient pH ranged 3-10 strips for isoelectric focusing to resolve soluble proteins from four different maturation periods of OV from 1 week juvenile to 4 week adult. Approximately 210-240 protein spots were resolved by 2-DE in two ranges of pI (4.5-5.8 and 6.0-8.0). At least 35 protein spots were differentially expressed in 4 week adult compared to 1 week juvenile fluke. These proteins may involve in sex organ development and egg production. Comparative analysis of the OV proteome of different aged parasites during maturation may help to better understand parasite biology, pathogenesis/carcinogenesis related to this parasite and lead to the identification of new targets of vaccines and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatra Boonmee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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26
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Sripa B, Kaewkes S. Gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct changes in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters. Acta Trop 2002; 83:29-36. [PMID: 12062790 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases, but few reports have described extrahepatic lesions in opisthorchiasis. We therefore sequentially investigated histological changes of the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct in hamsters infected with 25 (group 1), 50 (group 2) and 100 (group 3) metacercariae for up to 180 days. Acute inflammatory reactions, including congestion, neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration, occurred in the gall bladder as early as day 7 of groups 2 and 3 and on day 14 in group 1; the extrahepatic bile ducts exhibited the changes on day 3 post-infection (p.i.). Mononuclear cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion and fibrosis were gradually observed thereafter. Active inflammation reached a plateau at approximately 60 days in all infected groups. The well-established chronic histological changes of the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct were fibrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration with lymphoid aggregation and, additionally, ductal dilatation for the latter. Overall, the pathological changes in the extrahepatic bile duct were more severe than those in the gall bladder for the same dose and period of infection. The results demonstrate that pathological changes in the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct do occur in O. viverrini infection and may be extrapolated to human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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27
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Yoon BI, Choi YK, Kim DY, Hyun BH, Joo KH, Rim HJ, Lee JH. Infectivity and pathological changes in murine clonorchiasis: comparison in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:421-5. [PMID: 11346177 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main complications of clonorchiasis are periportal inflammation, biliary hyperplasia, periductal fibrosis, and subsequently the development of biliary tumors in the liver. This study was undertaken to compare the infectivity and histopathologic changes between in immunocompetent FVB/NJ and BALB/cA strains, and immunodeficient severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and athymic nude mice after the metacercariae of Clonorchis (C.) sinensis were infected. The experiment showed that C. sinensis was very infective in all strains studies, but the status of worm development, infectivity, recovery rate, and morphological changes of livers were very different in each strain. FVB/NJ mice showed more worm recovery than any other strain. Histopathologically the liver of FVB/NJ mice at 4 weeks postinfection showed marked cystic and fibrotic changes, in which C. sinensis was fully developed with ovum production, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells, mostly eosinophils, and high degrees of biliary hyperplasia. In SCID and nude mice, there were few foci of inflammatory cells even at 8 weeks postinfection in periportal areas of the liver, associated with no development into adult worm with ovum production. Fibrosis occurring at 4 weeks postinfection was highly correlated with inflammatory infiltration when each strain was compared. We suggest that massive infiltration of eosinophil and plasma cells caused by the infection might initiate cystic formation and fibrosis. These data demonstrate that the infection of C. sinensis might be related to pathologic consequences of inflammatory cell infiltration, cystic formation and fibrosis which might play a role in the defense mechanism against the parasitism in the liver of each strain. The FVB/NJ mouse model might be very helpful in elucidating the mechanism for human clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Sripa B, Kaewkes S. Localisation of parasite antigens and inflammatory responses in experimental opisthorchiasis. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30:735-40. [PMID: 10856508 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The time course localisation of parasite antigens and related host pathology were studied in hamsters infected with 100 metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini for up to 6 months. Parasite antigens, as detected by immunofluorescence and/or immunoperoxidase-staining, were first observed in the flukes and the biliary epithelium of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts as early as day 3 p.i. Antigens increased as the parasite matured, both in tissues in direct contact with the flukes and those surrounding the infection. Opisthorchis antigens were also observed in the first order bile ducts (small bile ducts) of the liver, which are not normally inhabited by flukes. In addition, they were found in damaged liver cells, Kupffer cells, macrophages, and within epithelioid and giant cells in the egg granuloma. The presence of the antigens was associated with heavy inflammatory cell infiltration, particularly with mononuclear cells. The results strongly support the role of fluke-associated antigens and local parasite-specific immune responses in the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sripa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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29
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Sripa B, Kaewkes S. Relationship between parasite-specific antibody responses and intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in hamsters. Parasite Immunol 2000; 22:139-45. [PMID: 10672195 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of parasite-specific antibody responses in relation to worm burden and egg output were investigated in hamsters infected with 25, 50 and 100 Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (MC). Levels of antibody to egg, excretory-secretory (ES) and somatic antigens were examined by ELISA on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and month 1 postinfection (p.i.), and repeated monthly up to 6 months. The antibody responses were first detected as early as 14 days after infection. Hamsters that were infected with 100 MC and 50 MC showed higher antibody levels than those of 25 MC, during early infection until 1 month p.i. Then, the antibody levels were increased rapidly to a plateau at approximately month 2 p.i. and, subsequently, were relatively stable in all groups. The average antibody levels to egg and somatic, but not to ES antigens, were significantly higher in hamsters infected with 25 MC than those of 50 MC and 100 MC. These antibody responses, particularly to egg and ES antigens, were not correlated with worm burden or egg output. Overall, higher antibody responses were found in the order: ES, somatic and egg antigens. The significant lower antibody responses in chronic and heavy infections than those with mild infection may a result of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sripa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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30
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Sithithaworn P, Haswell-Elkins MR, Mairiang P, Satarug S, Mairiang E, Vatanasapt V, Elkins DB. Parasite-associated morbidity: liver fluke infection and bile duct cancer in northeast Thailand. Int J Parasitol 1994; 24:833-43. [PMID: 7982745 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(94)90009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, remains a major public health problem in Northeast Thailand, where approximately one-third of the population is infected. The northeast region is largely populated by Laos-descendent Thais who enjoy eating raw fish, which harbour the infective stage of the fluke. The parasite has maintained its presence in the population despite the widespread use of praziquantel and dissemination of health education material throughout the region by vigorous government-sponsored programs in recent years. The most severe consequence of liver fluke infection is cholangiocarcinoma, i.e. cancer of the bile duct epithelium. Although mortality due to the parasites alone appears to be uncommon, cholangiocarcinoma arising as a result of infection is one of the leading causes of death in the region. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of infection and the geographic, hospital-based and community studies which demonstrate the close relationship between infection and cancer. In addition, data from the Cancer Registry of Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand and population-based studies using ultrasonography to visualize early tumours which illuminate the very high frequency of the cancer among heavily infected individuals and communities are discussed. Finally, the paper will close with a brief commentary on the prospects for control of the parasite and its likely impact on the frequency of cancer given the current epidemiological situation of liver fluke infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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31
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Haswell-Elkins MR, Satarug S, Elkins DB. Opisthorchis viverrini infection in northeast Thailand and its relationship to cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992; 7:538-48. [PMID: 1327263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1992.tb01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M R Haswell-Elkins
- Tropical Health Program, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia
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32
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Chawengkirttikul R, Sirisinha S. Antibodies in serum and bile of hamsters experimentally infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. Int J Parasitol 1988; 18:721-7. [PMID: 3192345 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(88)90111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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33
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Wongratanacheewin S, Chawengkirttikul R, Bunnag D, Sirisinha S. Analysis of Opisthorchis viverrini antigens by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Parasitology 1988; 96 ( Pt 1):119-28. [PMID: 3362572 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antigenicity of adult Opisthorchis viverrini, metacercariae and eggs was investigated by radio-immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using sera from patients with opisthorchiasis and from hamsters experimentally infected with O. viverrini metacercariae. 125I-labelled aqueous somatic extract and in vitro metabolic products of adult worms, and the extracts of metacercariae and eggs were immunoprecipitated, electrophoresed and autoradiographed and major antigens were characterized. Although components with Mr of greater than 116, 89, 78 and 20 kD appeared to be specifically associated with the somatic extract of adult fluke, the 89 kD protein was the most prominent component found in the in vitro culture fluid of adult worms and the metacercarial extract. Hamsters, experimentally infected with O. viverrini, also showed the presence of antibody reactive with the 89 kD component within 15 days of infection. The potential of this antigen in immunodiagnosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wongratanacheewin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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