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Solaymani-Mohammadi S. The IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis regulates CD4+ T cell responsiveness to IL-12 to promote bacterial-induced colitis. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae069. [PMID: 38498592 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-21/IL-21R signaling dysregulation is linked to multiple chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders in humans and animal models of human diseases. In addition to its critical requirement for the generation and development of germinal center B cells, IL-21/IL-21R signaling can also regulate the effector functions of a variety of T cell subsets. The antibody-mediated abrogation of IL-21/IL-21R signaling led to the impaired expression of IFN-γ by mucosal CD4+ T cells from human subjects with colitis, suggesting an IL-21/IL-21R-triggered positive feedback loop of the TH1 immune response in the colon. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the regulation of pro-inflammatory immune responses by the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis, it remains unclear how this pathway or its downstream molecules contribute to inflammation during bacterial-induced colitis. This study found that IL-21 enhances the surface expression of IL-12Rβ2, but not IL-12Rβ1, in CD4+ T cells, leading to TH1 differentiation and stability. Consistently, these findings also point to an indispensable role of the IL-12Rβ2 signaling axis in promoting pro-inflammatory immune responses during Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. Genetic deletion of the IL-12Rβ2 signaling pathway led to the attenuation of C. rodentium-induced colitis in vivo. The genetic deletion of the IL-12Rβ2 signaling pathway did not alter the host's ability to respond adequately to C. rodentium infection or the ability of Il12rb2-/- mice to express antigen-specific cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17A). IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine exerting a wide range of immunomodulatory functions in multiple tissues, and its direct targeting may result in undesirable off-target consequences. These findings highlight the possibility for targeted manipulations of signaling cascades downstream of main regulators of pro-inflammatory responses to control invading pathogens while preserving the integrity of host immune responses. A better understanding of the novel mechanisms by which IL-21/IL-21R signaling regulates bacterial-induced colitis will provide insights into the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies to harness IL-21/IL-21R signaling or its downstream molecules to treat infectious colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
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2
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Chen GY, Thorup NR, Miller AJ, Li YC, Ayres JS. Cooperation between physiological defenses and immune resistance produces asymptomatic carriage of a lethal bacterial pathogen. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8719. [PMID: 37352357 PMCID: PMC10289649 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Animals evolved two defense strategies to survive infections. Antagonistic strategies include immune resistance mechanisms that operate to kill invading pathogens. Cooperative or physiological defenses mediate host adaptation to the infected state, limiting physiological damage and disease, without killing the pathogen, and have been shown to cause asymptomatic carriage and transmission of lethal pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that physiological defenses cooperate with the adaptive immune response to generate long-term asymptomatic carriage of the lethal enteric murine pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Asymptomatic carriage of genetically virulent C. rodentium provided immune resistance against subsequent infections. Immune protection was dependent on systemic antibody responses and pathogen virulence behavior rather than the recognition of specific virulent antigens. Last, we demonstrate that an avirulent strain of C. rodentium in the field has background mutations in genes that are important for LPS structure. Our work reveals insight into how asymptomatic infections can arise mechanistically with immune resistance, mediating exclusion of phenotypically virulent enteric pathogen to promote asymptomatic carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grischa Y. Chen
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Natalia R. Thorup
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Abigail J. Miller
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yao-Cheng Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Janelle S. Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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3
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Chen GY, Thorup NR, Miller AJ, Li YC, Ayres JS. Cooperation between physiological defenses and immune resistance produces asymptomatic carriage of a lethal bacterial pathogen. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.22.525099. [PMID: 36711884 PMCID: PMC9882269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.22.525099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Animals have evolved two defense strategies to survive infections. Antagonistic strategies include mechanisms of immune resistance that operate to sense and kill invading pathogens. Cooperative or physiological defenses mediate host adaptation to the infected state, limiting physiological damage and disease, without killing the pathogen, and have been shown to cause asymptomatic carriage and transmission of lethal pathogens. Here we demonstrate that physiological defenses cooperate with the adaptive immune response to generate long-term asymptomatic carriage of the lethal enteric murine pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Asymptomatic carriage of genetically virulent C. rodentium provided immune resistance against subsequent infections. Host immune protection was dependent on systemic antibody responses and pathogen virulence behavior, rather than the recognition of specific virulent factor antigens. Finally, we demonstrate that an avirulent strain of C. rodentium in the field has background mutations in two genes that are important for LPS structure. Our work reveals novel insight into how asymptomatic infections can arise mechanistically with immune resistance, mediating exclusion of phenotypically virulent enteric pathogen to promote asymptomatic carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grischa Y. Chen
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Natalia R. Thorup
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Abigail J. Miller
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yao-Cheng Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Janelle S. Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
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4
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Russler-Germain EV, Jung J, Miller AT, Young S, Yi J, Wehmeier A, Fox LE, Monte KJ, Chai JN, Kulkarni DH, Funkhouser-Jones LJ, Wilke G, Durai V, Zinselmeyer BH, Czepielewski RS, Greco S, Murphy KM, Newberry RD, Sibley LD, Hsieh CS. Commensal Cryptosporidium colonization elicits a cDC1-dependent Th1 response that promotes intestinal homeostasis and limits other infections. Immunity 2021; 54:2547-2564.e7. [PMID: 34715017 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium can cause severe diarrhea and morbidity, but many infections are asymptomatic. Here, we studied the immune response to a commensal strain of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri (Ct-STL) serendipitously discovered when conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1)-deficient mice developed cryptosporidiosis. Ct-STL was vertically transmitted without negative health effects in wild-type mice. Yet, Ct-STL provoked profound changes in the intestinal immune system, including induction of an IFN-γ-producing Th1 response. TCR sequencing coupled with in vitro and in vivo analysis of common Th1 TCRs revealed that Ct-STL elicited a dominant antigen-specific Th1 response. In contrast, deficiency in cDC1s skewed the Ct-STL CD4 T cell response toward Th17 and regulatory T cells. Although Ct-STL predominantly colonized the small intestine, colon Th1 responses were enhanced and associated with protection against Citrobacter rodentium infection and exacerbation of dextran sodium sulfate and anti-IL10R-triggered colitis. Thus, Ct-STL represents a commensal pathobiont that elicits Th1-mediated intestinal homeostasis that may reflect asymptomatic human Cryptosporidium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie V Russler-Germain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jisun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aidan T Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alec Wehmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lindsey E Fox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kristen J Monte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Devesha H Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lisa J Funkhouser-Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Georgia Wilke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rafael S Czepielewski
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suellen Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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5
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Roles of the Tol-Pal system in the Type III secretion system and flagella-mediated virulence in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15173. [PMID: 32968151 PMCID: PMC7511404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tol-Pal system is a protein complex that is highly conserved in many gram-negative bacteria. We show here that the Tol-Pal system is associated with the enteric pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Deletion of tolB, which is required for the Tol-Pal system decreased motility, secretion of the Type III secretion system proteins EspA/B, and the ability of bacteria to adhere to and to form attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in host cells, but the expression level of LEE genes, including espA/B that encode Type III secretion system proteins were not affected. The Citrobacter rodentium, tolB mutant, that is traditionally used to estimate Type III secretion system associated virulence in mice did not cause lethality in mice while it induced anti-bacterial immunity. We also found that the pal mutant, which lacks activity of the Tol-Pal system, exhibited lower motility and EspA/B secretion than the wild-type parent. These combined results indicate that the Tol-Pal system contributes to the virulence of EHEC associated with the Type III secretion system and flagellar activity for infection at enteric sites. This finding provides evidence that the Tol-Pal system may be an effective target for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic E. coli.
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6
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Nakamura Y, Mimuro H, Kunisawa J, Furusawa Y, Takahashi D, Fujimura Y, Kaisho T, Kiyono H, Hase K. Microfold cell-dependent antigen transport alleviates infectious colitis by inducing antigen-specific cellular immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:679-690. [PMID: 32042052 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infectious colitis is one of the most common health issues worldwide. Microfold (M) cells actively transport luminal antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissue to induce IgA responses; however, it remains unknown whether M cells contribute to the induction of cellular immune responses. Here we report that M cell-dependent antigen transport plays a critical role in the induction of Th1, Th17, and Th22 responses against gut commensals in the steady state. The establishment of commensal-specific cellular immunity was a prerequisite for preventing bacterial dissemination during enteropathogenic Citrobacter rodentium infection. Therefore, M cell-null mice developed severe colitis with increased bacterial dissemination. This abnormality was associated with mucosal barrier dysfunction. These observations suggest that antigen transport by M cells may help maintain gut immune homeostasis by eliciting antigen-specific cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hitomi Mimuro
- Division of Bacteriology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan.,Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan
| | - Yumiko Fujimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Chiba University-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan. .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Amadou Amani S, Lang ML. Bacteria That Cause Enteric Diseases Stimulate Distinct Humoral Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565648. [PMID: 33042146 PMCID: PMC7524877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial enteric pathogens individually and collectively represent a serious global health burden. Humoral immune responses following natural or experimentally-induced infections are broadly appreciated to contribute to pathogen clearance and prevention of disease recurrence. Herein, we have compared observations on humoral immune mechanisms following infection with Citrobacter rodentium, the model for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella species, Salmonella enterica species, and Clostridioides difficile. A comparison of what is known about the humoral immune responses to these pathogens reveals considerable variance in specific features of humoral immunity including establishment of high affinity, IgG class-switched memory B cell and long-lived plasma cell compartments. This article suggests that such variance could be contributory to persistent and recurrent disease.
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Mondelaers SU, Theofanous SA, Florens MV, Perna E, Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Boeckxstaens GE, Wouters MM. Effect of genetic background and postinfectious stress on visceral sensitivity in Citrobacter rodentium-infected mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:647-58. [PMID: 26728091 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious gastroenteritis is a major risk factor to develop postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). It remains unknown why only a subgroup of infected individuals develops PI-IBS. We hypothesize that immunogenetic predisposition is an important risk factor. Hence, we studied the effect of Citrobacter rodentium infection on visceral sensitivity in Th1-predominant C57BL/6 and Th2-predominant Balb/c mice. METHODS Eight-week-old mice were gavaged with C. rodentium, followed by 1 h of water avoidance stress (WAS) at 5 weeks PI. At 10, 14 days, and 5 weeks PI, samples were assessed for histology and inflammatory gene expression by RT-qPCR. Visceral sensitivity was evaluated by visceromotor response recordings (VMR) to colorectal distension. KEY RESULTS Citrobacter rodentium evoked a comparable colonic inflammatory response at 14 days PI characterized by increased crypt length and upregulation of Th1/Th17 cytokine mRNA levels (puncorrected < 0.05) in both C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice. At 5 weeks PI, inflammatory gene mRNA levels returned to baseline in both strains. The VMR was maximal at 14 days PI in C57BL/6 (150 ± 47%; p = 0.02) and Balb/c mice (243 ± 52%; p = 0.03). At 3 weeks PI, the VMR remained increased in Balb/c (176 ± 23%; p = 0.02), but returned to baseline in C57BL/6 mice. At 5 weeks PI, WAS could not re-introduce visceral hypersensitivity (VHS). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Citrobacter rodentium infection induces transient VHS in C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice, which persisted 1 week longer in Balb/c mice. Although other strain-related differences may contribute, a Th2 background may represent a risk factor for prolonged PI-VHS. As PI-VHS is transient, other factors are crucial for persistent VHS development as observed in PI-IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Mondelaers
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S A Theofanous
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M V Florens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Perna
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Aguilera-Lizarraga
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G E Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M M Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Zhang F, Dong W, Zeng W, Zhang L, Zhang C, Qiu Y, Wang L, Yin X, Zhang C, Liang W. Naringenin prevents TGF-β1 secretion from breast cancer and suppresses pulmonary metastasis by inhibiting PKC activation. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:38. [PMID: 27036297 PMCID: PMC4818388 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the TGF-β1 pathway for breast cancer metastasis therapy has become an attractive strategy. We have previously demonstrated that naringenin significantly reduced TGF-β1 levels in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and effectively prevented pulmonary metastases of tumors. This raised the question of whether naringenin can block TGF-β1 secretion from breast cancer cells and inhibit their pulmonary metastasis. METHODS We transduced a lentiviral vector encoding the mouse Tgf-β1 gene into mouse breast carcinoma (4T1-Luc2) cells and inoculated the transformant cells (4T1/TGF-β1) into the fourth primary fat pat of Balb/c mice. Pulmonary metastases derived from the primary tumors were monitored using bioluminescent imaging. Spleens, lungs and serum (n = 18-20 per treatment group) were analyzed for immune cell activity and TGF-β1 level. The mechanism whereby naringenin decreases TGF-β1 secretion from breast cancer cells was investigated at different levels, including Tgf-β1 transcription, mRNA stability, translation, and extracellular release. RESULTS In contrast to the null-vector control (4T1/RFP) tumors, extensive pulmonary metastases derived from 4T1/TGF-β1 tumors were observed. Administration of the TGF-β1 blocking antibody 1D11 or naringenin showed an inhibition of pulmonary metastasis for both 4T1/TGF-β1 tumors and 4T1/RFP tumors, resulting in increased survival of the mice. Compared with 4T1/RFP bearing mice, systemic immunosuppression in 4T1/TGF-β1 bearing mice was observed, represented by a higher proportion of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and a lower proportion of activated T cells and INFγ expression in CD8(+) T cells. These metrics were improved by administration of 1D11 or naringenin. However, compared with 1D11, which neutralized secreted TGF-β1 but did not affect intracellular TGF-β1 levels, naringenin reduced the secretion of TGF-β1 from the cells, leading to an accumulation of intracellular TGF-β1. Further experiments revealed that naringenin had no effect on Tgf-β1 transcription, mRNA decay or protein translation, but prevented TGF-β1 transport from the trans-Golgi network by inhibiting PKC activity. CONCLUSIONS Naringenin blocks TGF-β1 trafficking from the trans-Golgi network by suppressing PKC activity, resulting in a reduction of TGF-β1 secretion from breast cancer cells. This finding suggests that naringenin may be an attractive therapeutic candidate for TGF-β1 related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayun Zhang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuqi Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yin
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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10
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Yamada A, Arakaki R, Saito M, Tsunematsu T, Kudo Y, Ishimaru N. Role of regulatory T cell in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2195-205. [PMID: 26900284 PMCID: PMC4734996 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play key roles in various immune responses. For example, Treg cells contribute to the complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis during onset or development of that disease. Many animal models of IBD have been used to investigate factors such as pathogenic cytokines, pathogenic bacteria, and T-cell functions, including those of Treg cells. In addition, analyses of patients with IBD facilitate our understanding of the precise mechanism of IBD. This review article focuses on the role of Treg cells and outlines the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of IBD based on previous reports.
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11
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Chai JN, Zhou YW, Hsieh CS. T cells and intestinal commensal bacteria--ignorance, rejection, and acceptance. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4167-75. [PMID: 24997344 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Trillions of commensal bacteria cohabit our bodies to mutual benefit. In the past several years, it has become clear that the adaptive immune system is not ignorant of intestinal commensal bacteria, but is constantly interacting with them. For T cells, the response to commensal bacteria does not appear uniform, as certain commensal bacterial species appear to trigger effector T cells to reject and control them, whereas other species elicit Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells to accept and be tolerant of them. Here, we review our current knowledge of T cell differentiation in response to commensal bacteria, and how this process leads to immune homeostasis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani N Chai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States
| | - You W Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
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12
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Bettenworth D, Nowacki TM, Ross M, Kyme P, Schwammbach D, Kerstiens L, Thoennissen GB, Bokemeyer C, Hengst K, Berdel WE, Heidemann J, Thoennissen NH. Nicotinamide treatment ameliorates the course of experimental colitis mediated by enhanced neutrophil‐specific antibacterial clearance. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1474-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Ross
- Department of Medicine BUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Pierre Kyme
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Daniela Schwammbach
- Department of Medicine A, HematologyOncology and PneumologyUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Linda Kerstiens
- Department of Medicine A, HematologyOncology and PneumologyUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Gabriela B. Thoennissen
- Department of Medicine A, HematologyOncology and PneumologyUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and HematologyBMT with Section of PneumologyHubertus Wald TumorzentrumUniversity Cancer Center HamburgUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Karin Hengst
- Department of Medicine BUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, HematologyOncology and PneumologyUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Jan Heidemann
- Department of Medicine BUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Nils H. Thoennissen
- Department of Medicine A, HematologyOncology and PneumologyUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Oncology and HematologyBMT with Section of PneumologyHubertus Wald TumorzentrumUniversity Cancer Center HamburgUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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13
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Shim EJ, Bang BR, Kang SG, Ma J, Otsuka M, Kang J, Stahl M, Han J, Xiao C, Vallance BA, Kang YJ. Activation of p38α in T cells regulates the intestinal host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2764-2770. [PMID: 23918973 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal infections by attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens cause severe colitis and bloody diarrhea. Although p38α in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) plays an important role in promoting protection against A/E bacteria by regulating T cell recruitment, its impact on immune responses remains unclear. In this study, we show that activation of p38α in T cells is critical for the clearance of the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Mice deficient of p38α in T cells, but not in macrophages or dendritic cells, were impaired in clearing C. rodentium. Expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ by p38α-deficient T cells was reduced, which further reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptide by IECs and led to reduced infiltration of T cells into the infected colon. Administration of IFN-γ activated the mucosal immunity to C. rodentium infection by increasing the expression of inflammation genes and the recruitment of T cells to the site of infection. Thus, p38α contributes to host defense against A/E pathogen infection by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines that activate host defense pathways in IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Shim
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bo Ram Bang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Seung-Goo Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiman Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Martin Stahl
- Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada State Key
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada State Key
| | - Young Jun Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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14
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Enhanced susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium infection in microRNA-155-deficient mice. Infect Immun 2012; 81:723-32. [PMID: 23264052 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00969-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding molecules that control gene expression posttranscriptionally, with microRNA-155 (miR-155) one of the first to be implicated in immune regulation. Here, we show that miR-155-deficient mice are less able to eradicate a mucosal Citrobacter rodentium infection than wild-type C57BL/6 mice. miR-155-deficient mice exhibited prolonged colonization associated with a higher C. rodentium burden in gastrointestinal tissue and spread into systemic tissues. Germinal center formation and humoral immune responses against C. rodentium were severely impaired in infected miR-155-deficient mice. A similarly susceptible phenotype was observed in μMT mice reconstituted with miR-155-deficient B cells, indicating that miR-155 is required intrinsically for mediating protection against this predominantly luminal bacterial pathogen.
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15
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Pitta MG, Romano A, Cabantous S, Henri S, Hammad A, Kouriba B, Argiro L, el Kheir M, Bucheton B, Mary C, El-Safi SH, Dessein A. IL-17 and IL-22 are associated with protection against human kala azar caused by Leishmania donovani. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2379-87. [PMID: 19620772 PMCID: PMC2719936 DOI: 10.1172/jci38813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 and IL-22 have been shown to increase protection against certain bacteria and fungal pathogens in experimental models. However, no human studies have demonstrated a crucial role of IL-17 and IL-22 in protection against infections. We show here that Leishmania donovani, which can cause the lethal visceral disease Kala Azar (KA), stimulates the differentiation of Th17 cells, which produce IL-17, IL-22, and IFN-gamma. Analysis of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine responses by cultured PBMCs from individuals in a cohort of subjects who developed KA or were protected against KA during a severe outbreak showed that IL-17 and IL-22 were strongly and independently associated with protection against KA. Our results suggest that, along with Th1 cytokines, IL-17 and IL-22 play complementary roles in human protection against KA, and that a defect in Th17 induction may increase the risk of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira G.R. Pitta
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Romano
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Cabantous
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Henri
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Awad Hammad
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Bouréma Kouriba
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Argiro
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Musa el Kheir
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Bucheton
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Charles Mary
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Sayda Hassan El-Safi
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Dessein
- INSERM, Unité 906, Marseille, France.
Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université UMR 906, Marseille, France.
IFR88, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Marseille, France
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16
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Abstract
IL-17 can impact health in a variety of ways. It is protective for some pathogens but it is also associated with tissue damaging inflammation. By examining the role of IL-17 in a variety of bacterial infections the mechanisms by which this cytokine mediates both protection and damage can be dissected. A key element in understanding the role of this cytokine is determining where and when it is acting. Dissecting its essential protective role from its immunopathologic role will allow for improved intervention in both acute and chronic disease.
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