1
|
Moreira D, Kaur D, Fourbert-Mendes S, Showalter AM, Coimbra S, Pereira AM. Eight hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferases play essential roles in female reproductive development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112231. [PMID: 39154893 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In angiosperms, ovules give rise to seeds upon fertilization. Thus, seed formation is dependent on both successful ovule development and tightly controlled communication between female and male gametophytes. During establishment of these interactions, cell walls play a pivotal role, especially arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). AGPs are highly glycosylated proteins decorated by arabinogalactan side chains, representing 90 % of the AGP molecule. AGP glycosylation is initiated by a reaction catalysed by hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferases (Hyp-GALTs), specifically eight of them (GALT2-9), which add the first galactose to Hyp residues. Five Hyp-GALTs (GALT2, 5, 7, 8 and 9) were previously described as essential for AGP functions in pollen and ovule development, pollen-pistil interactions, and seed morphology. In the present work, a higher order Hyp-GALT mutant (23456789) was studied, with a high degree of under-glycosylated AGPs, to gain deeper insight into the crucial roles of these eight enzymes in female reproductive tissues. Notably, the 23456789 mutant demonstrated a high quantity of unfertilized ovules, displaying abnormal callose accumulation both at the micropylar region and, sometimes, throughout the entire embryo sac. Additionally, this mutant displayed ovules with abnormal embryo sacs, had a disrupted spatiotemporal distribution of AGPs in female reproductive tissues, and showed abnormal seed and embryo development, concomitant with a reduction in AGP-GlcA levels. This study revealed that at least three more enzymes exhibit Hyp-O-GALT activity in Arabidopsis (GALT3, 4 and 6), and reinforces the crucial importance of AGP carbohydrates in carrying out the biological functions of AGPs during plant reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA
| | - Sara Fourbert-Mendes
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Figueiredo R, Costa M, Moreira D, Moreira M, Noble J, Pereira LG, Melo P, Palanivelu R, Coimbra S, Pereira AM. JAGGER localization and function are dependent on GPI anchor addition. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024; 37:341-353. [PMID: 38294499 PMCID: PMC11377618 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GPI anchor addition is important for JAGGER localization and in vivo function. Loss of correct GPI anchor addition in JAGGER, negatively affects its localization and function. In flowering plants, successful double fertilization requires the correct delivery of two sperm cells to the female gametophyte inside the ovule. The delivery of a single pair of sperm cells is achieved by the entrance of a single pollen tube into one female gametophyte. To prevent polyspermy, Arabidopsis ovules avoid the attraction of multiple pollen tubes to one ovule-polytubey block. In Arabidopsis jagger mutants, a significant number of ovules attract more than one pollen tube to an ovule due to an impairment in synergid degeneration. JAGGER encodes a putative arabinogalactan protein which is predicted to be anchored to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Here, we show that JAGGER fused to citrine yellow fluorescent protein (JAGGER-cYFP) is functional and localizes mostly to the periphery of ovule integuments and transmitting tract cells. We further investigated the importance of GPI-anchor addition domains for JAGGER localization and function. Different JAGGER proteins with deletions in predicted ω-site regions and GPI attachment signal domain, expected to compromise the addition of the GPI anchor, led to disruption of JAGGER localization in the cell periphery. All JAGGER proteins with disrupted localization were also not able to rescue the polytubey phenotype, pointing to the importance of GPI-anchor addition to in vivo function of the JAGGER protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Figueiredo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Costa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Noble
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Melo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sílvia Coimbra
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mizukami AG, Kusano S, Matsuura-Tokita K, Hagihara S, Higashiyama T. Cluster effect through the oligomerisation of bioactive disaccharide AMOR on pollen tube capacitation in Torenia fournieri. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:745-750. [PMID: 39092441 PMCID: PMC11289873 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant-specific glycoproteins involved in cellular mechanics and signal transduction. There has been major progress in understanding the structure, synthesis, and molecular functions of their carbohydrate chains; however, the mechanisms by which they function as signalling molecules remain unclear. Here, methyl-glucuronosyl arabinogalactan (AMOR; Me-GlcA-β(1,6)-Gal), a disaccharide structure at the end of AGP carbohydrate chains, was oligomerised via chemical synthesis. The biological activity of AMOR oligomers was enhanced via clustering of the carbohydrate chains. Furthermore, AMOR oligomers yielded a pollen tube morphology (i.e., callose plug formation) similar to that when cultured with native AMOR, suggesting it may be functionally similar to native AMOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akane G Mizukami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kumi Matsuura-Tokita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi Z, Liu C, Wang N, Cui J, Hu J, Gu R, Meng L, Wang P, Zhai J, Shui G, Cui S. The dehydration-responsive protein PpFAS1.3 in moss Physcomitrium patens plays a regulatory role in lipid metabolism. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 297:154253. [PMID: 38703549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Moss plants appear in the early stages of land colonization and possess varying degrees of dehydration tolerance. In this study, a protein called PpFAS1.3 was identified, which contains a fasciclin 1-like domain and is essential for the moss Physcomitrium patens' response to short-term rapid dehydration. When the FAS1.3 protein was knocked out, leafyshoots showed a significant decrease in tolerance to rapid dehydration, resulting in accelerated water loss and increased membrane leakage. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that PpFAS1.3 and its homologous proteins may have originated from bacteria and are specifically found in non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts. As a dehydration-related protein, FAS1.3 plays a significant role in regulating lipid metabolism, particularly in the synthesis of free fatty acids (FFA) and the metabolism of two phospholipids, PC and PA. This discovery highlights the close connection between PpFAS1.3 and lipid metabolism, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jipeng Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ruoqing Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Le Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jianan Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Suxia Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chauhan S, Rajam MV. Host RNAi-mediated silencing of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici specific-fasciclin-like protein genes provides improved resistance to Fusarium wilt in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANTA 2024; 259:79. [PMID: 38431538 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Tomato transgenics expressing dsRNA against FoFLPs act as biofungicides and result in enhanced disease resistance upon Fol infection, by downregulating the endogenous gene expression levels of FoFLPs within Fol. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) hijacks plant immunity by colonizing within the host and further instigating secondary infection causing vascular wilt disease in tomato that leads to significant yield loss. Here, RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to determine its potential in enduring resistance against Fusarium wilt in tomato. To gain resistance against Fol infection, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) of Fol-specific genes encoding for fasciclin-like proteins (FoFLPs) was done by generating tomato transgenics harbouring FoFLP1, FoFLP4 and FoFLP5 RNAi constructs confirmed by southern hybridizations. These tomato transgenics were screened for stable siRNA production in T0 and T1 lines using northern hybridizations. This confirmed stable dsRNAhp expression in tomato transgenics and suggested durable trait heritability in the subsequent progenies. FoFLP-specific siRNAs producing T1 tomato progenies were further selected to ascertain its disease resistance ability using seedling infection assays. We observed a significant reduction in FoFLP1, FoFLP4 and FoFLP5 transcript levels in Fol, upon infecting their respective RNAi tomato transgenic lines. Moreover, tomato transgenic lines, expressing intended siRNA molecules in the T1 generation, exhibit delayed disease onset with improved resistance. Furthermore, reduced fungal colonization was observed in the roots of Fol-infected T1 tomato progenies, without altering the plant photosynthetic efficiency of transgenic plants. These results substantiate the cross-kingdom dsRNA or siRNA delivery from transgenic tomato to Fol, leading to enhanced resistance against Fusarium wilt disease. The results also demonstrated that HIGS is a successful approach in rendering resistance to Fol infection in tomato plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambhavana Chauhan
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manchikatla Venkat Rajam
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu J, Liao R, Xue M, Shang S, Zhou M, Liu Z, Feng H, Huang S. Mutations in BrABCG26, encoding an ATP-binding cassette transporter, are responsible for male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:63. [PMID: 38427048 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The gene BrABCG26 responsible for male sterility of Chinese cabbage was confirmed by two allelic mutants. Male-sterile lines are an important way of heterosis utilization in Chinese cabbage. In this study, two allelic male-sterile mutants msm3-1 and msm3-2 were obtained from a Chinese cabbage double haploid (DH) line 'FT' by using EMS-mutagenesis. Compared to the wild-type 'FT,' the stamens of mutants were completely degenerated and had no pollen, and other characters had no obvious differences. Cytological observation revealed that the failure of vacuolation of the mononuclear microspore, accompanied by abnormal tapetal degradation, resulted in anther abortion in mutants. Genetic analysis showed that a recessive gene controlled the mutant trait. MutMap combined with kompetitive allele specific PCR genotyping analyses showed that BraA01g038270.3C, encoding a transporter ABCG26 that played a vital role in pollen wall formation, was the candidate gene for msm3-1, named BrABCG26. Compared with wild-type 'FT,' the mutations existed on the second exon (C to T) and the sixth exon (C to T) of BrABCG26 gene in mutants msm3-1 and msm3-2, leading to the loss-of-function truncated protein, which verified the BrABCG26 function in stamen development. Subcellular localization and expression pattern analysis indicated that BrABCG26 was localized in the nucleus and was expressed in all organs, with the highest expression in flower buds. Compared to the wild-type 'FT,' the expressions of BrABCG26 were significantly reduced in flower buds and anthers of mutants. Promoter activity analysis showed that a strong GUS signal was detected in flower buds. These results indicated that BrABCG26 is responsible for the male sterility of msm3 mutants in Chinese cabbage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Xue
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shayu Shang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Ma X, Li Y, Yang X, Cheng W. Zinc Finger Protein8 ( GhZFP8) Regulates the Initiation of Trichomes in Arabidopsis and the Development of Fiber in Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:492. [PMID: 38498441 PMCID: PMC10892670 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cotton is one of the most important natural fibers used in the textile industry worldwide. It is important to identify the key factors involved in cotton fiber development. In this study, zinc finger protein8 (GhZFP8) encoding a C2H2 transcription factor (TF) was cloned from cotton. qPCR showed that the transcripts of GhZFP8 in cotton were detected in the leaves and fibers at 3, 6, and 30 days post-anthesis (DPA), but not in the roots, stems, or flowers. The overexpression of GhZFP8 increased the trichome number on the siliques, leaves, and inflorescence, but inhibited the growth. The expression of trichome development and cell-elongation-related genes decreased obviously in GhZFP8 overexpressor Arabidopsis. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) contents were much higher in GhZFP8 overexpressors than that found in the wild type, but the gibberellin (GA) content was lower. The interference of GhZFP8 in cotton caused smaller bolls and shorter fibers than that of the control. The results of DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq showed that GhZFP8 could bind to the promoter, exon, intron, and intergenic region of the target genes, which are involved in photosynthesis, signal transduction, synthesis of biomass, etc. Our findings implied that GhZFP8 processed multiple biological functions and regulated the development of cotton fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Science Academy of Agriculture and Reclaimation, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Ying Li
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wenhan Cheng
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Sun M, Xiong T, Ye F, Zhao Z. Development and genetic regulation of pollen intine in Arabidopsis and rice. Gene 2024; 893:147936. [PMID: 38381507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Pollen intine serves as a protective layer situated between the pollen exine and the plasma membrane. It performs essential functions during pollen development, including maintaining the morphological structure of the pollen, preventing the loss of pollen contents, and facilitating pollen germination. The formation of the intine layer commences at the bicellular pollen stage. Pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and structural proteins are the key constituents of the pollen intine. In Arabidopsis and rice, numerous regulatory factors associated with polysaccharide metabolism and material transport have been identified, which regulate intine development. In this review, we elucidate the developmental processes of the pollen wall and provide a concise summary of the research advancements in the development and genetic regulation of the pollen intine in Arabidopsis and rice. A comprehensive understanding of intine development and regulation is crucial for unraveling the genetic network underlying intine development in higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengke Sun
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gabarayeva NI, Britski DA, Grigorjeva VV. Pollen wall development in Impatiens glandulifera: exine substructure and underlying mechanisms. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:111-124. [PMID: 37542569 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate in detail the pollen wall ontogeny in Impatiens glandulifera, with emphasis on the substructure and the underlying mechanisms of development. Sporopollenin-containing pollen wall, the exine, consists of two parts, ectexine and endexine. By determining the sequence of developing substructures with TEM, we have in mind to understand in which way the exine substructure is connected with function. We have shown earlier that physical processes of self-assembly and phase separation are universally involved in ectexine development; currently, we try to clear up whether these processes participate in endexine development. The data received were compared with those on other species. The ectexine ontogeny of I. glandulifera followed the main stages observed in many other species, including the late tetrad stage named "Golden gates". It turned out that the same physico-chemical processes act in endexine development, especially expressed in aperture sites. Another peculiar phenomenon observed in exine development was the recurrency of micellar sequence at near-aperture and aperture sites where the periplasmic space is widened. It should be noted that, in the whole, the developmental substructures observed during the tetrad and early post-tetrad period are similar in species with columellate exines. Evidently, these basic physical processes proceed, reiterating again and again in different species, resulting in an enormous variety of exine structures on the base of a relatively modest number of genes. Granular and alveolar exines emerge on the base of the same basic processes but are arrested at spherical and cylindrical micelle mesophases correspondingly.
Collapse
|
10
|
Quinn O, Kumar M, Turner S. The role of lipid-modified proteins in cell wall synthesis and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:51-66. [PMID: 37682865 PMCID: PMC10756762 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic extracellular matrix. Plant primary cell walls are the first line of defense against pathogens and regulate cell expansion. Specialized cells deposit a secondary cell wall that provides support and permits water transport. The composition and organization of the cell wall varies between cell types and species, contributing to the extensibility, stiffness, and hydrophobicity required for its proper function. Recently, many of the proteins involved in the biosynthesis, maintenance, and remodeling of the cell wall have been identified as being post-translationally modified with lipids. These modifications exhibit diverse structures and attach to proteins at different sites, which defines the specific role played by each lipid modification. The introduction of relatively hydrophobic lipid moieties promotes the interaction of proteins with membranes and can act as sorting signals, allowing targeted delivery to the plasma membrane regions and secretion into the apoplast. Disruption of lipid modification results in aberrant deposition of cell wall components and defective cell wall remodeling in response to stresses, demonstrating the essential nature of these modifications. Although much is known about which proteins bear lipid modifications, many questions remain regarding the contribution of lipid-driven membrane domain localization and lipid heterogeneity to protein function in cell wall metabolism. In this update, we highlight the contribution of lipid modifications to proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of plant cell walls, with a focus on the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, N-myristoylation, prenylation, and S-acylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Quinn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Ratcliffe J, Bacic A, Johnson KL. Promoter and domain structures regulate FLA12 function during Arabidopsis secondary wall development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1275983. [PMID: 38034570 PMCID: PMC10687482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1275983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan-proteins (FLAs) are a family of multi-domain glycoproteins present at the cell surface and walls of plants. Arabidopsis thaliana FLA12 and homologs in cotton, Populus, and flax have been shown to play important functions regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) development. FLA12 has been shown to have distinct roles from the closely related FLA11 that also functions during SCW development. The promoter and domain features of FLA12 that regulate functional specificity have not been well characterized. Methods In this study, promoter swap experiments of FLA11 and FLA12 were investigated. Mutation of proposed functional regions within FLA12 were used to investigate the role of post-translational modifications on sub-cellular location and trafficking. Domain swap experiments between FLA11 and FLA12 were performed to identify regions of functional specificity. Results Promote swap experiments showed that FLA12 is differentially expressed in both stem and rosette leaves compared to FLA11. Post-translational modifications, in particular addition of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor), were shown to be important for FLA12 location at the plasma membrane (PM)/cell wall interface. Domain swap experiments between FLA11 and FLA12 showed that the C-terminal arabinogalactan (AG) glycan motif acts as a key regulatory region differentiating FLA12 functions from FLA11. Discussion Understanding of FLA12 promoter and functional domains has provided new insights into the regulation of SCW development and functional specificity of FLAs for plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Ma
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kim L. Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao K, Yao Y, Ding Z, Pan X, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Li A, Wang C, Li C, Liao W. Characterization of the FLA Gene Family in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and the Expression Analysis of SlFLAs in Response to Hormone and Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16063. [PMID: 38003253 PMCID: PMC10671457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), participate in mediating plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. However, the characterization and function of FLAs in tomato are currently unknown. In this study, members of the tomato FLA family are characterized and analyzed in relation to their response to phytohormonal and abiotic stresses. The results show that a total of 24 FLA members were characterized in tomato. The structural domain analysis showed that these members have a high protein similarity. The expression profiles of different tissues indicated that the genes of most members of the tomato FLA gene family are highly expressed in roots, but to a lower extent in fruits. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that all 24 tomato FLA genes are responsive to ABA and MeJA. SlFLAs showed a positive response to salt and cold stress. SlFLA1, SlFLA12, and SlFLA14 are significantly induced under darkness. SlFLA1 and SlFLA3 are significantly induced under drought stress. This study provides a basis for a further understanding of the role of tomato FLA homologous genes in plant response to abiotic stress and lays the foundation for further research on the function of FLAs in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangding Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Yandong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Zhiqi Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Xuejuan Pan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Yongqi Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Zhuohui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Ailing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Changxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.D.); (X.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gabarayeva NI, Grigorjeva VV, Polevova SV, Britski DA. Ontogenesis in miniature. Pollen wall development in Campanula rapunculoides. PLANTA 2023; 258:38. [PMID: 37410162 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a reconsideration of pollen wall ontogeny process, entailing examination of physical factors, which enable a new understanding of exine developmental processes as self-formation. The pollen wall, the most complex cell wall in plants, is especially interesting as a model of ontogeny in miniature. By a detailed study of each developmental stage of Campanula rapunculoides pollen wall, we aimed to understand the establishment of complex pollen walls and the underlying developmental mechanisms. Other aim was to compare our current observations with studies in other species to reveal the common principles. We also tried to analyse the reasons for commonalities in ontogenies of exines in remote species. TEM, SEM, comparative methods were used in this study. The sequence of events leading to exine emergence from early tetrad stage to maturity is as follows: the appearance of spherical micelles in the periplasmic space and de-mixing of the mixture in periplasm (condensed and depleted layers); appearance of plasma membrane invaginations and columns of spherical micelles inside condensed layer; appearance of rod-like units, pro-tectum and thin foot layer; the appearance of spiral substructure of procolumellae and of dendritic outgrowths on the tops of procolumellae, of vast depleted zone in aperture sites; formation of the endexine lamellae on the base of laminate micelles; gradual twisting of dendritic outgrowths (macromolecule chains) into clubs on the tops of columellae and into spines; final sporopollenin accumulation. Our observations are consistent with the sequence of self-assembling micellar mesophases. Complex organisation of the exine is established through processes of self-assembly operating together with another physical process-phase separation. After genomic determination of the exine building substances, purely physical processes which are not under direct genomic control play an important role after genomic control of constructive substances. The comparison of the underlying mechanisms of exine development in remote species occurred to be general and similar to crystallisation. Our ontogenetic experience has shown the commonality of pollen wall ontogenies in remote species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina I Gabarayeva
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Popov St. 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Svetlana V Polevova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninski Gory, 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri A Britski
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Popov St. 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma Y, Shafee T, Mudiyanselage AM, Ratcliffe J, MacMillan CP, Mansfield SD, Bacic A, Johnson KL. Distinct functions of FASCILIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS relate to domain structure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:119-132. [PMID: 36797772 PMCID: PMC10152678 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of glycoproteins as key cell surface molecules during development and stress is well established; yet, the relationship between their structural features and functional mechanisms is poorly defined. FASCICLIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINs (FLAs), which impact plant growth and development, are an excellent example of a glycoprotein family with a complex multidomain structure. FLAs combine globular fasciclin-like (FAS1) domains with regions that are intrinsically disordered and contain glycomotifs for directing the addition of O-linked arabinogalactan (AG) glycans. Additional posttranslational modifications on FLAs include N-linked glycans in the FAS1 domains, a cleaved signal peptide at the N terminus, and often a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor signal sequence at the C terminus. The roles of glycosylation, the GPI anchor, and FAS1 domain functions in the polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix of plants remain unclear, as do the relationships between them. In this study, we examined sequence-structure-function relationships of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FLA11, demonstrated to have roles in secondary cell wall (SCW) development, by introducing domain mutations and functional specialization through domain swaps with FLA3 and FLA12. We identified FAS1 domains as essential for FLA function, differentiating FLA11/FLA12, with roles in SCW development, from FLA3, specific to flowers and involved in pollen development. The GPI anchor and AG glycosylation co-regulate the cell surface location and release of FLAs into cell walls. The AG glycomotif sequence closest to the GPI anchor (AG2) is a major feature differentiating FLA11 from FLA12. The results of our study show that the multidomain structure of different FLAs influences their subcellular location and biological functions during plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Ma
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Thomas Shafee
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Asha M Mudiyanselage
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Colleen P MacMillan
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, CSIRO Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Kim L Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Robinson R, Sprott D, Couroux P, Routly E, Labbé N, Xing T, Robert LS. The triticale mature pollen and stigma proteomes - assembling the proteins for a productive encounter. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104867. [PMID: 36870675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Triticeae crops are major contributors to global food production and ensuring their capacity to reproduce and generate seeds is critical. However, despite their importance our knowledge of the proteins underlying Triticeae reproduction is severely lacking and this is not only true of pollen and stigma development, but also of their pivotal interaction. When the pollen grain and stigma are brought together they have each accumulated the proteins required for their intended meeting and accordingly studying their mature proteomes is bound to reveal proteins involved in their diverse and complex interactions. Using triticale as a Triticeae representative, gel-free shotgun proteomics was used to identify 11,533 and 2977 mature stigma and pollen proteins respectively. These datasets, by far the largest to date, provide unprecedented insights into the proteins participating in Triticeae pollen and stigma development and interactions. The study of the Triticeae stigma has been particularly neglected. To begin filling this knowledge gap, a developmental iTRAQ analysis was performed revealing 647 proteins displaying differential abundance as the stigma matures in preparation for pollination. An in-depth comparison to an equivalent Brassicaceae analysis divulged both conservation and diversification in the makeup and function of proteins involved in the pollen and stigma encounter. SIGNIFICANCE: Successful pollination brings together the mature pollen and stigma thus initiating an intricate series of molecular processes vital to crop reproduction. In the Triticeae crops (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, triticale) there persists a vast deficit in our knowledge of the proteins involved which needs to be addressed if we are to face the many upcoming challenges to crop production such as those associated with climate change. At maturity, both the pollen and stigma have acquired the protein complement necessary for their forthcoming encounter and investigating their proteomes will inevitably provide unprecedented insights into the proteins enabling their interactions. By combining the analysis of the most comprehensive Triticeae pollen and stigma global proteome datasets to date with developmental iTRAQ investigations, proteins implicated in the different phases of pollen-stigma interaction enabling pollen adhesion, recognition, hydration, germination and tube growth, as well as those underlying stigma development were revealed. Extensive comparisons between equivalent Triticeae and Brassiceae datasets highlighted both the conservation of biological processes in line with the shared goal of activating the pollen grain and promoting pollen tube invasion of the pistil to effect fertilization, as well as the significant distinctions in their proteomes consistent with the considerable differences in their biochemistry, physiology and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Robinson
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David Sprott
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Philippe Couroux
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Routly
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Natalie Labbé
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tim Xing
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vasisth P, Singh N, Limbalkar OM, Sharma M, Dhanasekaran G, Meena ML, Jain P, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Watts A, Gaikwad KB, Singh R. Introgression of Heterotic Genomic Segments from Brassica carinata into Brassica juncea for Enhancing Productivity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1677. [PMID: 37111905 PMCID: PMC10146992 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization resulted in the creation of B. juncea introgression lines (ILs) generated from B. carinata with increased productivity and adaptability. Forty ILs were crossed with their respective B. juncea recipient parents to generate introgression line hybrids (ILHs) and the common tester (SEJ 8) was used to generate test hybrids (THs). Mid-parent heterosis in ILHs and standard heterosis in THs were calculated for eight yield and yield-related traits. Heterotic genomic regions were dissected using ten ILs with significant mid-parent heterosis in ILHs and standard heterosis in THs for seed yield. A high level of heterosis for seed yield was contributed by 1000 seed weight (13.48%) in D31_ILHs and by total siliquae/plant (14.01%) and siliqua length (10.56%) in PM30_ILHs. The heterotic ILs of DRMRIJ 31 and Pusa Mustard 30 were examined using polymorphic SNPs between the parents, and a total of 254 and 335 introgressed heterotic segments were identified, respectively. This investigation discovered potential genes, viz., PUB10, glutathione S transferase, TT4, SGT, FLA3, AP2/ERF, SANT4, MYB, and UDP-glucosyl transferase 73B3 that were previously reported to regulate yield-related traits. The heterozygosity of the FLA3 gene significantly improved siliqua length and seeds per siliqua in ILHs of Pusa Mustard 30. This research proved that interspecific hybridization is an effective means of increasing the diversity of cultivated species by introducing new genetic variants and improving the level of heterosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Vasisth
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Naveen Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Omkar Maharudra Limbalkar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gokulan Dhanasekaran
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohan Lal Meena
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anshul Watts
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kiran B. Gaikwad
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moreira D, Kaur D, Pereira AM, Held MA, Showalter AM, Coimbra S. Type II arabinogalactans initiated by hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferases play important roles in pollen-pistil interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:371-389. [PMID: 36775989 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins containing a high sugar content and are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. AGPs have long been suggested to play important roles in sexual plant reproduction. The synthesis of their complex carbohydrates is initiated by a family of hydroxyproline galactosyltransferase (Hyp-GALT) enzymes which add the first galactose to Hyp residues in the protein backbone. Eight Hyp-GALT enzymes have been identified so far, and in the present work a mutant affecting five of these enzymes (galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9) was analyzed regarding the reproductive process. The galt25789 mutant presented a low seed set, and reciprocal crosses indicated a significant female gametophytic contribution to this mutant phenotype. Mutant ovules revealed abnormal callose accumulation inside the embryo sac and integument defects at the micropylar region culminating in defects in pollen tube reception. In addition, immunolocalization and biochemical analyses allowed the detection of a reduction in the amount of glucuronic acid in mutant ovary AGPs. Dramatically low amounts of high-molecular-weight Hyp-O-glycosides obtained following size exclusion chromatography of base-hydrolyzed mutant AGPs compared to the wild type indicated the presence of underglycosylated AGPs in the galt25789 mutant, while the monosaccharide composition of these Hyp-O-glycosides displayed no significant changes compared to the wild-type Hyp-O-glycosides. The present work demonstrates the functional importance of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs in ovule development and pollen-pistil interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2979, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael A Held
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2979, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen X, Zhang Y, Yin W, Wei G, Xu H, Ma L, Tian W, Yang G, Li Y, Wu R, Zhang T, Wang N, He G. Full-length EFOP3 and EFOP4 proteins are essential for pollen intine development in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36970846 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is critical to plant reproduction, but the underlying regulatory molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) EFR3 OF PLANT 3 (EFOP3) and EFR3 OF PLANT 4 (EFOP4) genes encode members of the Armadillo (ARM) repeat superfamily that play key roles in pollen development. Herein, we demonstrate that EFOP3 and EFOP4 are co-expressed in pollen at anther stages 10-12, but loss-of-function of both EFOP3 and EFOP4 leads to male gametophyte sterility, irregular intine, and shriveled pollen grains at anther stage 12. We further established that full-length EFOP3 and EFOP4 specifically localize to the plasma membrane, and the integrity of these proteins is essential for pollen development. We observed uneven intine, less organized cellulose and reduced pectin content in mutant pollen compared with the wild-type. These, together with the misexpression of several genes related to cell wall metabolism in efop3-/- efop4+/- mutants, suggest that EFOP3 and EFOP4 may indirectly regulate the expression of these genes to affect intine formation, thus controlling Arabidopsis pollen fertility in a functionally redundant manner. Moreover, transcriptome analysis showed that the absence of EFOP3 and EFOP4 function affects multiple pollen development pathways. These results enhance our understanding of EFOPs proteins and their role in pollen development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuzhong Yin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Rice Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rao J, Huang Z, Chen Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Cen X, Wang X, Wu J, Miao Y, Ren Y. Identification and expression profiles of xylogen-like arabinogalactan protein (XYLP) gene family in Phyllostachys edulis in different developmental tissues and under various abiotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1098-1118. [PMID: 36462591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Xylogen-like arabinogalactan protein (XYLP) is an atypical lipid transport protein. In this study, 23 Phyllostachys edulis XYLPs were identified, and their proteins contain characteristic structures of AGP and nsLTP domain. All PeXYLPs can be divided into four clades, and their genes were unevenly distributed on 11 chromosome scaffolds. Collinear analysis revealed that segmental duplication was the main driver for PeXYLP family expansion. The cis-acting elements presented in the promoter are involved in various regulations of PeXYLPs expression. G.O. annotation revealed that PeXYLPs are mainly interested in lipid transport and synthesis and primarily function at the plasma membrane. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PeXYLPs were spatiotemporally expressed and displayed significant variability during various tissue development. Besides that, some PeXYLPs also respond to multiple phytohormones and abiotic stresses. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the response of some PeXYLPs to MeJA was confirmed, and the proteins were shown to localize to the plasma membrane mainly. WGCNA in defined regions of fast-growing bamboo shoots revealed that 5 PeXYLPs in 4 gene co-expression modules showed a positive module-trait relationship with three fast-growing regions. This systematic analysis of the PeXYLP family will provide a foundation for further insight into the functions of individual PeXYLP in a specific tissue or organ development, phytohormone perception, and stress responses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Rao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zihong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongxian Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuexiang Cen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yujun Ren
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kommana M, Reddy DM, Amarnath K, Naik MVK, Withanawasam DM, Bommisetty R, Maneesha K, Bhargavi M, Eragam A, Reddy BVB, Sudhakar P, Krishna L, Lekkala SP, Chakravartty N, Lachagari VBR, Vemireddy LR. Identification of genomic regions governing moisture and heat stress tolerance employing association mapping in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1499-1515. [PMID: 36507967 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice crop is damaged extremely by abiotic stress world-wide. The best approach to enhance drought tolerance in rice varieties is to identify and introgress yield QTLs with major effects. The Association mapping approach helps in the identification of genomic regions governing physiological, yield and yield attributes under moisture and heat stress conditions in diverse collections of crop germplasm, based on historic recombination events and linkage disequilibrium across the genome. METHODS AND RESULTS The association mapping panel of 110 rice germplasm lines exhibited significant variation for all the traits in both irrigated and moisture stress conditions. The extent of yield reduction ranged to 83% during rabi, 2018-19, 53% in rabi, 2019-20 and 68% in pooled analysis. The genotypes Badami, Badshabhog, Pankaj, Varalu, Vasundhara, Vivekdhan, Krishna and Minghui63 exhibited drought tolerance with least yield penalty under moisture stress conditions. The genotypes Konark, MTU3626, NLR33671, PR118 and Triguna exhibited minimal reduction in heat stress tolerance traits. Association mapping of germplasm using 37808 SNP markers detected a total of 10 major MTA (Marker-trait association) clusters distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 11 through mixed linear model (MLM) governing multiple traits from individual data analysis which are consistent across the years and situations. The pooled data generated a total of five MTA clusters located on chromosome 6. In addition, several novel unique MTAs were also identified. Heat stress analysis generated a total of 23 MTAs distributed on chromosomes 1, 5, 6 and 11. Candidate gene analysis detected a total of 53 and 38 genes under individual and pooled data analysis for various yield and yield attributes under control and moisture stress conditions, respectively and a total of 11 candidate genes in heat stress Conditions. CONCLUSION The major and novel MTAs identified in the present investigation for various drought and heat tolerant traits can be utilized for breeding climate-resilient rice varieties. The candidate genes predicted for key MTAs are of great value to deploy into the rice breeding after functional characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavilatha Kommana
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D Mohan Reddy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Amarnath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Vinod Kumar Naik
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D M Withanawasam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Reddyyamini Bommisetty
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Maneesha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Bhargavi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Eragam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B V Bhaskara Reddy
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Sudhakar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Lakshminarayana R Vemireddy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of the Fasciclin-like Arabinogalactan Proteins (FLAs) in Salicacea and Identification of Secondary Tissue Development-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021481. [PMID: 36675002 PMCID: PMC9862198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) containing both AGP-like glycated domains and fasciclin (FAS) domains, which are involved in plant growth and development and synthesis of the cell wall. However, these proteins have not been identified or analyzed in willow, Salix, the sister genus of Populus. In this study, we performed a whole genome study of the FLA gene family of Salix suchowensis and compared it with the FLA gene family of Populus deltoides. The results showed the presence of 40 and 46 FLA genes in P. deltoides and S. suchowensis, distributed on 17 and 16 chromosomes, respectively. Four pairs of tandem repeat genes were found in willow, while poplar had no tandem repeat genes. Twelve and thirteen pairs of duplicated gene fragments were identified in poplar and willow, respectively. The multispecies phylogenetic tree showed that the FLA gene family could be divided into four groups (I-IV), with Group 1 showing significant expansion in woody plants. A gene expression analysis showed that PdeFLA19/27 in Group I of poplar was highly expressed, specifically during the secondary growth period of the stem and the rapid elongation of seed hairs. In the Group I genes of S. suchowensis, SsuFLA25/26/28 was also highly expressed during the secondary growth period, whereas increased expression of SsuFLA35 was associated with seed hair tissue. These results provide important clues about the differences in the FLA gene family during the evolution of herbs and woody plants, and suggest that the FLA gene family may play an essential role in regulating the secondary growth of woody plants. It also provides a reference for further studies on the regulation of secondary growth and seed hair development by FLA genes in poplar and willow.
Collapse
|
22
|
Polevova SV, Grigorjeva VV, Gabarayeva NI. Pollen wall and tapetal development in Cymbalaria muralis: the role of physical processes, evidenced by in vitro modelling. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:281-298. [PMID: 35657502 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to unravel the underlying mechanisms of pollen wall development in Cymbalaria muralis. By determining the sequence of developing substructures with TEM, we intended to compare it with that of other taxa and clarify whether physical processes of self-assembly and phase separation were involved. In parallel, we tried to simulate in vitro the substructures observed in Cymbalaria muralis exine development, using colloidal mixtures, to determine whether purely physical self-assembly processes could replicate them. Exine ontogeny followed the main stages observed in many other species and was initiated by phase separation, resulting in heterogeneity of the homogeneous contents of the periplasmic space around the microspore which is filled with genome-determined substances. At every stage, phase separation and self-assembly come into force, gradually driving the substances through the sequence of mesophases: spherical micelles, columns of spherical micelles, cylindrical micelles arranged in a layer, laminate micelles. The final two of these mesophases define the structure of the columellate ectexine and lamellate endexine respectively. Structures obtained in vitro from colloidal mixtures simulated the developing exine structures. Striking columella-like surface of some abnormal tapetal cells and lamella-like structures in the anther medium confirm the conclusion that pattern generation is a feature of colloidal materials, after genomic control on material contents. Simulation experiments show the high pattern-generating capacity of colloidal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Polevova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninski Gory, 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina V Grigorjeva
- Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Popov st. 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina I Gabarayeva
- Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Popov st. 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu M, Zhou J, Jiang S, Zeng Y, Li C, Tan X. The fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins of Camellia oil tree are involved in pollen tube growth. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111518. [PMID: 36309250 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are a class of highly glycosylated glycoproteins that perform crucial functions in plant growth and development. This study was carried out to further explore their roles in pollen tube growth. The results showed that seven members (CoFLA1/2/3/4/7/8/17) of the CoFLAs family were identified by sequence characteristics, and they all possessed the fasciclin 1 (FAS1) domain and H1 and H2 conserved domains. They were all located on the plasma membranes of tobacco epidermal cells, and the GPI-anchor sequences of CoFLA1/2/3/4 determined the membrane localization. In flower tissues, CoFLA2 and CoFLA8 were not expressed in the pollen tube but were expressed in the unpollinated style and ovary; the others were all expressed in the pollen tube. In the pollination-compatible style and ovary, they exhibited different expression patterns. Furthermore, all CoFLAs promoted pollen germination in vitro, while only CoFLA7 significantly promoted pollen tube elongation, and the expression of CoFLA1/3/4/7/17 in pollen tubes was regulated by CoFLA proteins. The ABA and ABA synthetic inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) both inhibited pollen tube elongation; however, only ST downregulated the expression of CoFLA1/7/17 and upregulated the expression of CoFLA4. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CoFLAs may be significant in pollen tube growth in C. oleifera and that some CoFLAs may participate in the regulation of ABA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Junqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Sisi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yanling Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mao Y, Dai F, Si Z, Fang L, Zhang T. Duplicate mutations of GhCYP450 lead to the production of ms 5m 6 male sterile line in cotton. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:2. [PMID: 36648515 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The duplicated male sterile genes ms5m6 in cotton were map-based cloned and validated by the virus-induced gene silencing assays. Duplicate mutations of the GhCYP450 gene encoding a cytochrome P450 protein are responsible for the male sterility in cotton. The utilization of male sterility in cotton plays a vital role in improving yield and fiber quality. A complete male sterile line (ms5ms6) has been extensively used to develop hybrid cotton worldwide. Using Zhongkang-A (ZK-A) developed by transferring Bt and ms5ms6 genes into the commercial cultivar Zhongmiansuo 12, the duplicate genes were map-based cloned and confirmed via the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays. The duplicate mutations of GhCYP450 genes encoding a cytochrome P450 protein were responsible for producing male sterility in ms5ms6 in cotton. Sequence alignment showed that GhCYP450-Dt in ZK-A differed in two critical aspects from the fertile wild-type TM-1: GhCYP450-Dt has three amino acid (D98E, E168K, G198R) changes in the coding region and a 7-bp (GGAAAAA) insertion in the promoter domain; GhCYP450-At appears to be premature termination of GhCYP450 translation. Further morphological observation and cytological examination of GhCYP450-silenced plants induced by VIGS exhibited shorter filaments and no mature pollen grains. These results indicate that GhCYP450 is essential for pollen exine formation and pollen development for male fertility. Investigating the mechanisms of ms5ms6 male sterility will deepen our understanding of the development and utilization of heterosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - TianZhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Moreira D, Lopes AL, Silva J, Ferreira MJ, Pinto SC, Mendes S, Pereira LG, Coimbra S, Pereira AM. New insights on the expression patterns of specific Arabinogalactan proteins in reproductive tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1083098. [PMID: 36531351 PMCID: PMC9755587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins containing a high proportion of carbohydrates, widely distributed in the plant kingdom and ubiquitously present in land plants. AGPs have long been suggested to play important roles in plant reproduction and there is already evidence that specific glycoproteins are essential for male and female gametophyte development, pollen tube growth and guidance, and successful fertilization. However, the functions of many of these proteins have yet to be uncovered, mainly due to the difficulty to study individual AGPs. In this work, we generated molecular tools to analyze the expression patterns of a subgroup of individual AGPs in different Arabidopsis tissues, focusing on reproductive processes. This study focused on six AGPs: four classical AGPs (AGP7, AGP25, AGP26, AGP27), one AG peptide (AGP24) and one chimeric AGP (AGP31). These AGPs were first selected based on their predicted expression patterns along the reproductive tissues from available RNA-seq data. Promoter analysis using β-glucuronidase fusions and qPCR in different Arabidopsis tissues allowed to confirm these predictions. AGP7 was mainly expressed in female reproductive tissues, more precisely in the style, funiculus, and integuments near the micropyle region. AGP25 was found to be expressed in the style, septum and ovules with higher expression in the chalaza and funiculus tissues. AGP26 was present in the ovules and pistil valves. AGP27 was expressed in the transmitting tissue, septum and funiculus during seed development. AGP24 was expressed in pollen grains, in mature embryo sacs, with highest expression at the chalazal pole and in the micropyle. AGP31 was expressed in the mature embryo sac with highest expression at the chalaza and, occasionally, in the micropyle. For all these AGPs a co-expression analysis was performed providing new hints on its possible functions. This work confirmed the detection in Arabidopsis male and female tissues of six AGPs never studied before regarding the reproductive process. These results provide novel evidence on the possible involvement of specific AGPs in plant reproduction, as strong candidates to participate in pollen-pistil interactions in an active way, which is significant for this field of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BioISI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessy Silva
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Pinto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Mendes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rhee SJ, Jang YJ, Park JY, Ryu J, Lee GP. Virus-induced gene silencing for in planta validation of gene function in cucurbits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2366-2379. [PMID: 35944218 PMCID: PMC9706489 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful tool for high-throughput analysis of gene function. Here, we developed the VIGS vector pCF93, from which expression of the cucumber fruit mottle mosaic virus genome is driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to produce viral transcripts in inoculated plants. To test the utility of the pCF93 vector, we identified candidate genes related to male sterility (MS) in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), which is recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Specifically, we exploited previously reported reference-based and de novo transcriptome data to define 38 differentially expressed genes between a male-sterile line and its fertile near-isogenic line in the watermelon cultivar DAH. We amplified 200- to 300-bp fragments of these genes, cloned them into pCF93, and inoculated DAH with the resulting VIGS clones. The small watermelon cultivar DAH enabled high-throughput screening using a small cultivation area. We simultaneously characterized the phenotypes associated with each of the 38 candidate genes in plants grown in a greenhouse. Silencing of 8 of the 38 candidate genes produced male-sterile flowers with abnormal stamens and no pollen. We confirmed the extent of gene silencing in inoculated flowers using reverse transcription-qPCR. Histological analysis of stamens from male-fertile and male-sterile floral buds and mature flowers revealed developmental defects and shrunken pollen sacs. Based on these findings, we propose that the pCF93 vector and our VIGS system will facilitate high-throughput analysis for the study of gene function in watermelons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Rhee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Jang
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Ryu
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Gung Pyo Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tian A, Yu H, Cui Z. Functional characterization of E3 ubiquity ligase Bra015092 in pollen development of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13808. [PMID: 36309851 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development plays an important role in the sexual reproduction of seed-type plants. Ubiquitination of proteins is an essential link in the post-translational modification of proteins. E3 ubiquity ligase is a key protein that recognizes substrates in the protein ubiquitination pathway. The hybrid line "Bcajh97-01A/B" of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis) was used as test material. The gene Bra015092, with a size of 642 bp, was amplified. Semi-quantitative (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques were utilized to analyze the expression of Bra015092 in the dual-purpose line of Chinese cabbage. It was found that Bra015092 had a higher expression level in inflorescence. Subcellular localization analysis showed that Bra015092 and GFP fusion expression protein widely exist in tobacco epidermal cells. Bra015092 was transformed into "Youqing49" cabbage to obtain Bra015092OE overexpressing transgenic lines. The morphological observation of Bra015092OE plants showed that the pollen of BcMF29OE plants became deformed and inactive, and the vegetative and reproductive nuclei were abnormally developed. The in vitro germination experiments showed that about 24.5% of the pollen in Bra015092OE plants could not germinate. The results of the semi-thin section showed that the pollen development of Bra015092OE plants was abnormal at the stage of binuclear pollen grains. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the pollen grains of Bra015092OE plants gradually degraded from the binuclear to the trinucleate pollen grain stage, and the pollen inner wall was abnormally developed, indicating that Bra015092 plays a major role in the process of pollen development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Tian
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyue Cui
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li C, Hu F, Chen H, Zhao J. Transcriptome characteristics during cell wall formation of endosperm cellularization and embryo differentiation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998664. [PMID: 36262665 PMCID: PMC9575994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic and endosperm development are important biological events during Arabidopsis seed development, and are controlled by dynamic changes in a range of gene expression. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of endosperm cellularization and embryo differentiation remain unclear. Here, we characterized the early embryo and endosperm development of the naa15 mutant that had abnormal embryo differentiation and incomplete endosperm cellularization compared to WT of Arabidopsis, and comparatively investigated the changes of gene expressions in WT seeds at 3, 4, and 5 days after pollination (3W, 4W, and 5W) and the white homozygous aborted naa15 seeds at 5, 6, and 7 DAP (5M, 6M, and 7M) from naa15-1/+ siliques using RNA sequencing and qPCR assays. The transcriptome analyses showed that there were 2040 and 3630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 4W (at endosperm cellularization initiation stage and heart embryo stage) vs 3W (at syncytium stage and globular embryo stage), and 5W (at end of endosperm cellularization stage and torpedo embryo stage) vs 4W, respectively. The KEGG and GO analyses showed that lipid metabolic processes and transmembrane transport related to cell wall biogenesis, cell division and differentiation, the plant hormone signaling pathway, photosynthesis, and transcription regulator activity were evidently enriched in WT and naa15. The heatmap and qPCR analyses showed that auxin response genes (ARFs), auxin transport genes (PINs) cytokinin synthesis genes (LOGs), cytokinin dehydrogenase genes (CKXs), cytokinin receptor, transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, MADS-box, and ERF) were significantly downregulated in naa15 compared to WT. A series of cell wall genes annotated to xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase, pectin methyl esterase, and pectin methyl esterase inhibitor were also identified in these DEGs. Moreover, using an immunofluorescent assay, the features of cell walls displayed that cellulose fluorescence signals in the embryo and endosperm of naa15 were significantly decreased, and the signals of low- and high- methyl esterification of pectin were also obviously decreased in the endosperm of naa15. In summary, we identified a large number of DEGs and investigated the features of cell walls during endosperm cellularization and embryonic differentiation, which provided important information on transcription and gene expression to reveal their regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
29
|
bHLH010/089 Transcription Factors Control Pollen Wall Development via Specific Transcriptional and Metabolic Networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911683. [PMID: 36232985 PMCID: PMC9570398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall that protects male gametophytes from various environmental stresses and facilitates pollination. Here, we reported that bHLH010 and bHLH089 together are required for the development of the pollen wall by regulating their specific downstream transcriptional and metabolic networks. Both the exine and intine structures of bhlh010 bhlh089 pollen grains were severely defective. Further untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the accumulation of pollen wall morphogenesis-related metabolites, including polysaccharides, glyceryl derivatives, and flavonols, were significantly changed, and the expression of such metabolic enzyme-encoding genes and transporter-encoding genes related to pollen wall morphogenesis was downregulated in bhlh010 bhlh089 mutants. Among these downstream target genes, CSLB03 is a novel target with no biological function being reported yet. We found that bHLH010 interacted with the two E-box sequences at the promoter of CSLB03 and directly activated the expression of CSLB03. The cslb03 mutant alleles showed bhlh010 bhlh089–like pollen developmental defects, with most of the pollen grains exhibiting defective pollen wall structures.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu C, Yang Y, Su D, Yu C, Xian Z, Pan Z, Guan H, Hu G, Chen D, Li Z, Chen R, Hao Y. The SlHB8 acts as a negative regulator in tapetum development and pollen wall formation in Tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac185. [PMID: 36338846 PMCID: PMC9627519 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is crucial for the fruit setting process of tomatoes, but the underlying regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we report the isolation of one HD-Zip III family transcription factor, SlHB8, whose expression levels decreased as pollen development progressed. SlHB8 knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 increased pollen activity, subsequently inducing fruit setting, whereas overexpression displayed opposite phenotypes. Overexpression lines under control of the 35 s and p2A11 promoters revealed that SlHB8 reduced pollen activity by affecting early pollen development. Transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL analyses showed that SlHB8 accelerated tapetum degradation, leading to collapsed and infertile pollen without an intine and an abnormal exine. RNA-seq analysis of tomato anthers at the tetrad stage showed that SlHB8 positively regulates SPL/NZZ expression and the tapetum programmed cell death conserved genetic pathway DYT1-TDF1-AMS-MYB80 as well as other genes related to tapetum and pollen wall development. In addition, DNA affinity purification sequencing, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one-hybrid assay and dual-luciferase assay revealed SlHB8 directly activated the expression of genes related to pollen wall development. The study findings demonstrate that SlHB8 is involved in tapetum development and degradation and plays an important role in anther development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Canye Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zanlin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongling Guan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guojian Hu
- UMR990 INRA/INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Da Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bu Y, Niu F, He M, Ye J, Yang X, Du Z, Zhang L, Song X. The gene TaPG encoding a polygalacturonase is critical for pollen development and male fertility in thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterility wheat. Gene 2022; 833:146596. [PMID: 35598679 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility is of great significance to heterosis and hybrid seed production in wheat. Consequently, it is worthwhile to research the genes associated with male sterility. Although polygalacturonases (PGs) have been studied to play a crucial role in male reproduction of many plants, their functions in the reproductive development of wheat remain unclear. Here, TaPG (TraesCS7A02G404900) encoding a polygalacturonase was isolated from the anthers of KTM3315A, a wheat thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm. Expression pattern analyses showed that TaPG was strongly expressed in fertile anthers and its protein was localized in the cell wall. Further verification via barley stripe mosaic virus revealed that the silencing of TaPG exhibited abnormal anthers, premature degradation of tapetum, pollen abortion, and defective pollen wall formation, resulting in the declination of fertility. Conclusively, our research suggested that TaPG contributed to the pollen development and male fertility, which will provide a novel insight into the fertility conversion of thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Bu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fuqiang Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mengting He
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiali Ye
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xuetong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhejun Du
- Weiyang Extension Station for Agricultural Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710016 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou D, Zou T, Zhang K, Xiong P, Zhou F, Chen H, Li G, Zheng K, Han Y, Peng K, Zhang X, Yang S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Sun C, Yu X, Liu H, Wang L, Li P, Li S. DEAP1 encodes a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein required for male fertility in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1430-1447. [PMID: 35485235 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are widely distributed in plant cells. Fasciclin-like AGPs (FLAs) belong to a subclass of AGPs that play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little is known about the biological functions of rice FLA. Herein, we report the identification of a male-sterile mutant of DEFECTIVE EXINE AND APERTURE PATTERNING1 (DEAP1) in rice. The deap1 mutant anthers produced aberrant pollen grains with defective exine formation and a flattened aperture annulus and exhibited slightly delayed tapetum degradation. DEAP1 encodes a plasma membrane-associated member of group III plant FLAs and is specifically and temporally expressed in reproductive cells and the tapetum layer during male development. Gene expression studies revealed reduced transcript accumulation of genes related to exine formation, aperture patterning, and tapetum development in deap1 mutants. Moreover, DEAP1 may interact with two rice D6 PROTEIN KINASE-LIKE3s (OsD6PKL3s), homologs of a known Arabidopsis aperture protein, to affect rice pollen aperture development. Our findings suggested that DEAP1 is involved in male reproductive development and may affect exine formation and aperture patterning, thereby providing new insights into the molecular functions of plant FLAs in male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pingping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fuxing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaiyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuhao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaur D, Moreira D, Coimbra S, Showalter AM. Hydroxyproline- O-Galactosyltransferases Synthesizing Type II Arabinogalactans Are Essential for Male Gametophytic Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935413. [PMID: 35774810 PMCID: PMC9237623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive function is determined by successful development and performance of stamens, pollen grains, and pollen tubes. Despite the crucial role of highly glycosylated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) in male gamete formation, pollen grain, and pollen tube cell walls, the underlying mechanisms defining these functions of AGPs have remained elusive. Eight partially redundant Hyp-galactosyltransferases (named GALT2-GALT9) genes/enzymes are known to initiate Hyp-O-galactosylation for Hyp-arabinogalactan (AG) production in Arabidopsis thaliana. To assess the contributions of these Hyp-AGs to male reproductive function, we used a galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9 quintuple Hyp-GALT mutant for this study. Both anther size and pollen viability were compromised in the quintuple mutants. Defects in male gametogenesis were observed in later stages of maturing microspores after meiosis, accompanied by membrane blebbing and numerous lytic vacuoles. Cytological and ultramicroscopic observations revealed that pollen exine reticulate architecture and intine layer development were affected such that non-viable collapsed mature pollen grains were produced, which were devoid of cell content and nuclei, with virtually no intine. AGP immunolabeling demonstrated alterations in cell wall architecture of the anther, pollen grains, and pollen tube. Specifically, the LM2 monoclonal antibody (which recognized β-GlcA epitopes on AGPs) showed a weak signal for the endothecium, microspores, and pollen tube apex. Pollen tube tips also displayed excessive callose deposition. Interestingly, expression patterns of pollen-specific AGPs, namely AGP6, AGP11, AGP23, and AGP40, were determined to be higher in the quintuple mutants. Taken together, our data illustrate the importance of type-II AGs in male reproductive function for successful fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Allan M. Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Arabinogalactan Proteins: Focus on the Role in Cellulose Synthesis and Deposition during Plant Cell Wall Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126578. [PMID: 35743022 PMCID: PMC9223364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) belong to a family of glycoproteins that are widely present in plants. AGPs are mostly composed of a protein backbone decorated with complex carbohydrate side chains and are usually anchored to the plasma membrane or secreted extracellularly. A trickle of compelling biochemical and genetic evidence has demonstrated that AGPs make exciting candidates for a multitude of vital activities related to plant growth and development. However, because of the diversity of AGPs, functional redundancy of AGP family members, and blunt-force research tools, the precise functions of AGPs and their mechanisms of action remain elusive. In this review, we put together the current knowledge about the characteristics, classification, and identification of AGPs and make a summary of the biological functions of AGPs in multiple phases of plant reproduction and developmental processes. In addition, we especially discuss deeply the potential mechanisms for AGP action in different biological processes via their impacts on cellulose synthesis and deposition based on previous studies. Particularly, five hypothetical models that may explain the AGP involvement in cellulose synthesis and deposition during plant cell wall biogenesis are proposed. AGPs open a new avenue for understanding cellulose synthesis and deposition in plants.
Collapse
|
35
|
Differential Expression of Arabinogalactan in Response to Inclination in Stem of Pinus radiata Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091190. [PMID: 35567191 PMCID: PMC9104628 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are members of a family of proteins that play important roles in cell wall dynamics. AGPs from inclined pines were determined using JIM7, LM2, and LM6 antibodies, showing a higher concentration in one side of the stem. The accumulation of AGPs in xylem and cell wall tissues is enhanced in response to loss of tree stem verticality. The differential gene expression of AGPs indicates that these proteins could be involved in the early response to inclination and also trigger signals such as lignin accumulation, as well as thicken cell wall and lamella media to restore stem vertical growth. A subfamily member of AGPs, which is Fasciclin-like has been described in angiosperm species as inducing tension wood and in some gymnosperms. A search for gene sequences of this subfamily was performed on an RNA-seq library, where 12 sequences were identified containing one or two fasciclin I domains (FAS), named PrFLA1 to PrFLA12. Four of these sequences were phylogenetically classified in group A, where PrFLA1 and PrFLA4 are differentially expressed in tilted pine trees.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mi L, Mo A, Yang J, Liu H, Ren D, Chen W, Long H, Jiang N, Zhang T, Lu P. Arabidopsis Novel Microgametophyte Defective Mutant 1 Is Required for Pollen Viability via Influencing Intine Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814870. [PMID: 35498668 PMCID: PMC9039731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pollen intine layer is necessary for male fertility in flowering plants. However, the mechanisms behind the developmental regulation of intine formation still remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a positive regulator, Arabidopsis novel microgametophyte defective mutant 1 (AtNMDM1), which influences male fertility by regulating intine formation. The AtNMDM1, encoding a pollen nuclei-localized protein, was highly expressed in the pollens at the late anther stages, 10-12. Both the mutations and the knock-down of AtNMDM1 resulted in pollen defects and significantly lowered the seed-setting rates. Genetic transmission analysis indicated that AtNMDM1 is a microgametophyte lethal gene. Calcofluor white staining revealed that abnormal cellulose distribution was present in the aborted pollen. Ultrastructural analyses showed that the abnormal intine rather than the exine led to pollen abortion. We further found, using transcriptome analysis, that cell wall modification was the most highly enriched gene ontology (GO) term used in the category of biological processes. Notably, two categories of genes, Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) were greatly reduced, which were associated with pollen intine formation. In addition, we also identified another regulator, AtNMDM2, which interacted with AtNMDM1 in the pollen nuclei. Taken together, we identified a novel regulator, AtNMDM1 that affected cellulose distribution in the intine by regulating intine-related gene expression; furthermore, these results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of pollen intine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aowei Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiange Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifei Long
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pingli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Deng Y, Wan Y, Liu W, Zhang L, Zhou K, Feng P, He G, Wang N. OsFLA1 encodes a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein and affects pollen exine development in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1247-1262. [PMID: 34985538 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OsFLA1 positively regulates pollen exine development, and locates in the cellular membrane. Arabinogalactan proteins are a type of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that are present in all plant tissues and cells and play important roles in plant growth and development. Little information is available on the participation of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in sexual reproduction in rice. In this study, a rice male-sterile mutant, osfla1, was isolated from an ethylmethanesulfonate-induced mutant library. The osfla1 mutant produced withered, shrunken, and abortive pollen. The gene OsFLA1 encoded a FLA protein and was expressed strongly in the anthers in rice. Subcellular localization showed that OsFLA1 was located in the cellular membrane. In the osfla1 mutant, abnormal Ubisch bodies and a discontinuous nexine layer of the microspore wall were observed, which resulted in pollen abortion and ultimately in male sterility. The results show the important role that OsFLA1 plays in male reproductive development in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yingchun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weichi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
RNAi-mediated down-regulation of fasciclin-like protein (FoFLP) in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici results in reduced pathogenicity and virulence. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Shim SH, Mahong B, Lee SK, Kongdin M, Lee C, Kim YJ, Qu G, Zhang D, Ketudat Cairns JR, Jeon JS. Rice β-glucosidase Os12BGlu38 is required for synthesis of intine cell wall and pollen fertility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:784-800. [PMID: 34570888 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family1 β-glucosidases play a variety of roles in plants, but their in planta functions are largely unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the biological function of Os12BGlu38, a rice β-glucosidase, expressed in bicellular to mature pollen, was examined. Genotype analysis of progeny of the self-fertilized heterozygous Os12BGlu38 T-DNA mutant, os12bglu38-1, found no homozygotes and a 1:1 ratio of wild type to heterozygotes. Reciprocal cross analysis demonstrated that Os12BGlu38 deficiency cannot be inherited through the male gamete. In cytological analysis, the mature mutant pollen appeared shrunken and empty. Histochemical staining and TEM showed that mutant pollen lacked intine cell wall, which was rescued by introduction of wild-type Os12BGlu38 genomic DNA. Metabolite profiling analysis revealed that cutin monomers and waxes, the components of the pollen exine layer, were increased in anthers carrying pollen of os12bglu38-1 compared with wild type and complemented lines. Os12BGlu38 fused with green fluorescent protein was localized to the plasma membrane in rice and tobacco. Recombinant Os12BGlu38 exhibited β-glucosidase activity on the universal substrate p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucoside and some oligosaccharides and glycosides. These findings provide evidence that function of a plasma membrane-associated β-glucosidase is necessary for proper intine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Guorun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ajayi OO, Held MA, Showalter AM. Glucuronidation of type II arabinogalactan polysaccharides function in sexual reproduction of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:164-181. [PMID: 34726315 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are complex, hyperglycosylated plant cell wall proteins with little known about the biological roles of their glycan moieties in sexual reproduction. Here, we report that GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B, and GLCAT14C, three enzymes responsible for the addition of glucuronic acid residues to AGPs, function in pollen development, polytubey block, and normal embryo development in Arabidopsis. Using biochemical and immunolabeling techniques, we demonstrated that the loss of function of the GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B, and GLCAT14C genes resulted in disorganization of the reticulate structure of the exine wall, abnormal development of the intine layer, and collapse of pollen grains in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants. Synchronous development between locules within the same anther was also lost in some glcat14a/b/c stamens. In addition, we observed excessive attraction of pollen tubes targeting glcat14a/b/c ovules, indicating that the polytubey block mechanism was compromised. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed significant reductions in all sugars in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants except for arabinose and galactose, while immunolabeling showed decreased amounts of AGP sugar epitopes recognized by glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants compared with the wild type. This work demonstrates the important roles that AG glucuronidation plays in Arabidopsis sexual reproduction and reproductive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyeyemi O Ajayi
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Michael A Held
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Šola K, Dean GH, Li Y, Lohmann J, Movahedan M, Gilchrist EJ, Adams KL, Haughn GW. Expression Patterns and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Galactose Oxidase-Like Genes Suggest Specialized Roles for Galactose Oxidases in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1927-1943. [PMID: 34042158 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galactose oxidases (GalOxs) are well-known enzymes that have been identified in several fungal species and characterized using structural and enzymatic approaches. However, until very recently, almost no information on their biological functions was available. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene ruby particles in mucilage (RUBY) encodes a putative plant GalOx that is required for pectin cross-linking through modification of galactose (Gal) side chains and promotes cell-cell adhesion between seed coat epidermal cells. RUBY is one member of a family of seven putative GalOxs encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. To examine the function(s) of GalOxs in plants, we studied the remaining six galactose oxidase-like (GOXL) proteins. Like RUBY, four of these proteins (GOXL1, GOXL3, GOXL5 and GOXL6) were found to localize primarily to the apoplast, while GOXL2 and GOXL4 were found primarily in the cytoplasm. Complementation and GalOx assay data suggested that GOXL1, GOXL3 and possibly GOXL6 have similar biochemical activity to RUBY, whereas GOXL5 only weakly complemented and GOXL2 and GOXL4 showed no activity. Members of this protein family separated into four distinct clades prior to the divergence of the angiosperms. There have been recent duplications in Brassicaceae resulting in two closely related pairs of genes that have either retained similarity in expression (GOXL1 and GOXL6) or show expression divergence (GOXL3 and RUBY). Mutant phenotypes were not detected when these genes were disrupted, but their expression patterns suggest that these proteins may function in tissues that require mechanical reinforcements in the absence of lignification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Šola
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Sjaak van Schie B.V., Maasdijk, Schenkeldijk 8, Zuid-Holland 2676 LD, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Lohmann
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Mahsa Movahedan
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Burnaby Hospital, 3935 Kincaid St, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 2X6, Canada
| | - Erin J Gilchrist
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Anandia Labs, 125-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Keith L Adams
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi QS, Lou Y, Shen SY, Wang SH, Zhou L, Wang JJ, Liu XL, Xiong SX, Han Y, Zhou HS, Huang XH, Wang S, Zhu J, Yang ZN. A cellular mechanism underlying the restoration of thermo/photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:2104-2114. [PMID: 34464765 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During anther development, the transformation of the microspore into mature pollen occurs under the protection of first the tetrad wall and later the pollen wall. Mutations in genes involved in this wall transition often lead to microspore rupture and male sterility; some such mutants, such as the reversible male sterile (rvms) mutant, are thermo/photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines. Previous studies have shown that slow development is a general mechanism of P/TGMS fertility restoration. In this study, we identified restorer of rvms-2 (res2), which is an allele of QUARTET 3 (QRT3) encoding a polygalacturonase that shows delayed degradation of the tetrad pectin wall. We found that MS188, a tapetum-specific transcription factor essential for pollen wall formation, can activate QRT3 expression for pectin wall degradation, indicating a non-cell-autonomous pathway involved in the regulation of the cell wall transition. Further assays showed that a delay in degradation of the tetrad pectin wall is responsible for the fertility restoration of rvms and other P/TGMS lines, whereas early expression of QRT3 eliminates low temperature restoration of rvms-2 fertility. Taken together, these results suggest a likely cellular mechanism of fertility restoration in P/TGMS lines, that is, slow development during the cell wall transition of P/TGMS microspores may reduce the requirement for their wall protection and thus support their development into functional pollens, leading to restored fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Sheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shi-Yi Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xing-Lu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xue-Hui Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang H, Miao Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Cao J, Lin S. Comprehensive Analysis of Arabinogalactan Protein-Encoding Genes Reveals the Involvement of Three BrFLA Genes in Pollen Germination in Brassica rapa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313142. [PMID: 34884948 PMCID: PMC8658186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a superfamily of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins that are massively glycosylated, widely implicated in plant growth and development. No comprehensive analysis of the AGP gene family has been performed in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). Here, we identified a total of 293 putative AGP-encoding genes in B. rapa, including 25 classical AGPs, three lysine-rich AGPs, 30 AG-peptides, 36 fasciclin-like AGPs (FLAs), 59 phytocyanin-like AGPs, 33 xylogen-like AGPs, 102 other chimeric AGPs, two non-classical AGPs and three AGP/extensin hybrids. Their protein structures, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal location and gene duplication status were comprehensively analyzed. Based on RNA sequencing data, we found that 73 AGP genes were differentially expressed in the floral buds of the sterile and fertile plants at least at one developmental stage in B. rapa, suggesting a potential role of AGPs in male reproductive development. We further characterized BrFLA2, BrFLA28 and BrFLA32, three FLA members especially expressed in anthers, pollen grains and pollen tubes. BrFLA2, BrFLA28 and BrFLA32 are indispensable for the proper timing of pollen germination under high relative humidity. Our study greatly extends the repertoire of AGPs in B. rapa and reveals a role for three members of the FLA subfamily in pollen germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingjing Miao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Identification and Analysis of Genes Involved in Double Fertilization in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312850. [PMID: 34884656 PMCID: PMC8657449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Double fertilization is a key determinant of grain yield, and the failure of fertilization during hybridization is one important reason for reproductive isolation. Therefore, fertilization has a very important role in the production of high-yield and well-quality hybrid of rice. Here, we used RNA sequencing technology to study the change of the transcriptome during double fertilization with the help of the mutant fertilization barrier (feb) that failed to finish fertilization process and led to seed abortion. The results showed that 1669 genes were related to the guided growth of pollen tubes, 332 genes were involved in the recognition and fusion of the male–female gametes, and 430 genes were associated with zygote formation and early free endosperm nuclear division. Among them, the genes related to carbohydrate metabolism; signal transduction pathways were enriched in the guided growth of pollen tubes, the genes involved in the photosynthesis; fatty acid synthesis pathways were activated by the recognition and fusion of the male–female gametes; and the cell cycle-related genes might play an essential role in zygote formation and early endosperm nuclear division. Furthermore, among the 1669 pollen tube-related genes, it was found that 7 arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), 1 cysteine-rich peptide (CRP), and 15 receptor-like kinases (RLKs) were specifically expressed in anther, while 2 AGPs, 7 CRPs, and 5 RLKs in pistil, showing obvious unequal distribution which implied they might play different roles in anther and pistil during fertilization. These studies laid a solid foundation for revealing double fertilization mechanism of rice and for the follow-up investigation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Li J, Wang Y, Zou W, Jian L, Fu Y, Zhao J. AtNUF2 modulates spindle microtubule organization and chromosome segregation during mitosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:801-816. [PMID: 33993566 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The NDC80 complex is a conserved eukaryotic complex composed of four subunits (NUF2, SPC25, NDC80, and SPC24). In yeast and animal cells, the complex is located at the outer layer of the kinetochore, connecting the inner layer of the kinetochore and spindle microtubules (MTs) during cell division. In higher plants, the relationship of the NDC80 complex with MTs is still unclear. In this study, we characterized the biological function of AtNUF2, a subunit of the Arabidopsis NDC80 complex. We found that AtNUF2 is widely expressed in various organs, especially in different stages of embryonic development. It was verified that AtNUF2 co-localized with α-tubulin on MTs during mitosis by immunohistochemical assays. Mutation of AtNUF2 led to severe mitotic defects, not only in the embryo and endosperm, but also in seedlings, resulting in seed abortion and stagnating seedling growth. Furthermore, the biological function of AtNUF2 was studied using partially complemented nuf2-3/-DD45;ABI3pro::AtNUF2 (nuf2-3/-DA ) seedlings. The chromosome bridge and lagging chromatids occurred in nuf2-3/-DA root apical meristem cells, along with aberration of spindle MTs, resulting in blocked root growth. Meanwhile, the direct binding of AtNUF2 and AtSPC25 to MTs was determined by an MT co-sedimentation assay in vitro. This study revealed the function of AtNUF2 in mitosis and the underlying mechanisms, modulating spindle MT organization and ensuring chromosome segregation during embryo, endosperm, and root development, laying the foundation for subsequent research of the NDC80 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liufang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang M, Wei H, Liu J, Bian Y, Ma Q, Mao G, Wang H, Wu A, Zhang J, Chen P, Ma L, Fu X, Yu S. Non-functional GoFLA19s are responsible for the male sterility caused by hybrid breakdown in cotton (Gossypium spp.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1198-1212. [PMID: 34160096 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid breakdown (HB) functions as a common reproductive barrier and reduces hybrid fitness in many species, including cotton. However, the related genes and the underlying genetic mechanisms of HB in cotton remain unknown. Here, we found that the photosensitive genetic male sterile line CCRI9106 was a hybrid progeny of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense and probably a product of HB. Fine mapping with F2 s (CCRI9106 × G. hirsutum/G. barbadense lines) identified a pair of male sterility genes GoFLA19s (encoding fasciclin-like arabinogalactan family protein) located on chromosomes A12 and D12. Crucial variations occurring in the fasciclin-like domain and the arabinogalactan protein domain were predicted to cause the non-functionalization of GbFLA19-D and GhFLA19-A. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout assay confirmed the effects of GhFLA19s on male sterility. Sequence alignment analyses showed that variations in GbFLA19-D and GhFLA19-A likely occurred after the formation of allotetraploid cotton species. GoFLA19s are specifically expressed in anthers and contribute to tapetal development, exine assembly, intine formation, and pollen grain maturation. RNA-sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses illustrated that genes related to these biological processes were significantly downregulated in the mutant. Our research on male sterility genes, GoFLA19s, improves the understanding of the molecular characteristics and evolutionary significance of HB in interspecific hybrid breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yingjie Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Guangzhi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Pengyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Miao Y, Cao J, Huang L, Yu Y, Lin S. FLA14 is required for pollen development and preventing premature pollen germination under high humidity in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:254. [PMID: 34082704 PMCID: PMC8173729 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an important subfamily of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), fasciclin-like AGPs (FLAs) contribute to various aspects of growth, development and adaptation, yet their function remains largely elusive. Despite the diversity of FLAs, only two members, Arabidopsis FLA3 and rice MTR1, are reported to be involved in sexual reproduction. In this study, another Arabidopsis FLA-encoding gene, FLA14, was identified, and its role was investigated. RESULTS Arabidopsis FLA14 was found to be a pollen grain-specific gene. Expression results from fusion with green fluorescent protein showed that FLA14 was localized along the cell membrane and in Hechtian strands. A loss-of-function mutant of FLA14 showed no discernible defects during male gametogenesis, but precocious pollen germination occurred inside the mature anthers under high moisture conditions. Overexpression of FLA14 caused 39.2% abnormal pollen grains with a shrunken and withered appearance, leading to largely reduced fertility with short mature siliques and lower seed set. Cytological and ultramicroscopic observation showed that ectopic expression of FLA14 caused disruption at the uninucleate stage, resulting in either collapsed pollen with absent intine or pollen of normal appearance but with a thickened intine. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest a role for FLA14 in pollen development and preventing premature pollen germination inside the anthers under high relative humidity in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Miao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youjian Yu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lara-Mondragón CM, MacAlister CA. Arabinogalactan glycoprotein dynamics during the progamic phase in the tomato pistil. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:131-148. [PMID: 33860833 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pistil AGPs display dynamic localization patterns in response to fertilization in tomato. SlyFLA9 (Solyc07g065540.1) is a chimeric Fasciclin-like AGP with enriched expression in the ovary, suggesting a potential function during pollen-pistil interaction. During fertilization, the male gametes are delivered by pollen tubes to receptive ovules, deeply embedded in the sporophytic tissues of the pistil. Arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs) are a diverse family of highly glycosylated, secreted proteins which have been widely implicated in plant reproduction, particularly within the pistil. Though tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop requiring successful fertilization for production, the molecular basis of this event remains understudied. Here we explore the spatiotemporal localization of AGPs in the mature tomato pistil before and after fertilization. Using histological techniques to detect AGP sugar moieties, we found that accumulation of AGPs correlated with the maturation of the stigma and we identified an AGP subpopulation restricted to the micropyle that was no longer visible upon fertilization. To identify candidate pistil AGP genes, we used an RNA-sequencing approach to catalog gene expression in functionally distinct subsections of the mature tomato pistil (the stigma, apical and basal style and ovary) as well as pollen and pollen tubes. Of 161 predicted AGP and AGP-like proteins encoded in the tomato genome, we identified four genes with specifically enriched expression in reproductive tissues. We further validated expression of two of these, a Fasciclin-like AGP (SlyFLA9, Solyc07g065540.1) and a novel hybrid AGP (SlyHAE, Solyc09g075580.1). Using in situ hybridization, we also found SlyFLA9 was expressed in the integuments of the ovule and the pericarp. Additionally, differential expression analyses of the pistil transcriptome revealed previously unreported genes with enriched expression in each subsection of the mature pistil, setting the foundation for future functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cora A MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang H, Guo Z, Zhuang Y, Suo Y, Du J, Gao Z, Pan J, Li L, Wang T, Xiao L, Qin G, Jiao Y, Cai H, Li L. MicroRNA775 regulates intrinsic leaf size and reduces cell wall pectin levels by targeting a galactosyltransferase gene in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:581-602. [PMID: 33955485 PMCID: PMC8136896 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess unique primary cell walls made of complex polysaccharides that play critical roles in determining intrinsic cell and organ size. How genes responsible for synthesizing and modifying the polysaccharides in the cell wall are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) to control plant size remains largely unexplored. Here we identified 23 putative cell wall-related miRNAs, termed as CW-miRNAs, in Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized miR775 as an example. We showed that miR775 post-transcriptionally silences GALT9, which encodes an endomembrane-located galactosyltransferase belonging to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. Over-expression of miR775 and deletion of GALT9 led to significantly enlarged leaf-related organs, primarily due to increased cell size. Monosaccharide quantification, confocal Raman imaging, and immunolabeling combined with atomic force microscopy revealed that the MIR775A-GALT9 circuit modulates pectin levels and the elastic modulus of the cell wall. We also showed that MIR775A is directly repressed by the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). Genetic analysis confirmed that HY5 is a negative regulator of leaf size that acts through the HY5-MIR775A-GALT9 repression cascade to control pectin levels. These findings demonstrate that miR775-regulated cell wall remodeling is an integral determinant of intrinsic leaf size in A. thaliana. Studying other CW-miRNAs would provide more insights into cell wall biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanzhen Suo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianmei Du
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiawei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ma X, Wu Y, Zhang G. Formation pattern and regulatory mechanisms of pollen wall in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 260:153388. [PMID: 33706055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, mature pollen is wrapped by a pollen wall, which is important for maintaining pollen structure and function. Pollen walls provide protection from various environmental stresses and preserve pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The pollen wall structure has been described since pollen ultrastructure investigations began in the 1960s. Pollen walls, which are the most intricate cell walls in plants, are composed of two layers: the exine layer and intine layer. Pollen wall formation is a complex process that occurs via a series of biological events that involve a large number of genes. In recent years, many reports have described the molecular mechanisms of pollen exine development. The formation process includes the development of the callose wall, the wavy morphology of primexine, the biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin in the tapetum, and the deposition of the pollen coat. The formation mechanism of the intine layer is different from that of the exine layer. However, few studies have focused on the regulatory mechanisms of intine development. The primary component of the intine layer is pectin, which plays an essential role in the polar growth of pollen tubes. Demethylesterified pectin is mainly distributed in the shank region of the pollen tube, which can maintain the hardness of the pollen tube wall. Methylesterified pectin is mainly located in the top region, which is beneficial for improving the plasticity of the pollen tube top. In this review, we summarize the developmental process of the anther, pollen and pollen wall in Arabidopsis; furthermore, we describe the research progress on the pollen wall formation pattern and its molecular mechanisms in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Genfa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|