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Máthé C, Bóka K, Kónya Z, Erdődi F, Vasas G, Freytag C, Garda T. Microcystin-LR, a cyanotoxin, modulates division of higher plant chloroplasts through protein phosphatase inhibition and affects cyanobacterial division. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142125. [PMID: 38670509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a harmful cyanotoxin that inhibits 1 and 2A serine-threonine protein phosphatases. This study examines the influence of MC-LR on chloroplast division and the underlying mechanisms and consequences in Arabidopsis. MC-LR increased the frequency of dividing chloroplasts in hypocotyls in a time range of 1-96 h. At short-term exposures to MC-LR, small-sized chloroplasts (longitudinal diameters ≤6 μm) were more sensitive to these stimulatory effects, while both small and large chloroplasts showed stimulations at long-term exposure. After 48 h, the cyanotoxin increased the frequency of small-sized chloroplasts, indicating the stimulation of division. MC-LR inhibited protein phosphatases in whole hypocotyls and isolated chloroplasts, while it did not induce oxidative stress. We show for the first time that total cellular phosphatases play important roles in chloroplast division and that particular chloroplast phosphatases may be involved in these processes. Interestingly, MC-LR has a protective effect on cyanobacterial division during methyl-viologen (MV) treatments in Synechococcus PCC6301. MC-LR production has harmful effects on ecosystems and it may have an ancient cell division regulatory role in stressed cyanobacterial cells, the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts. We propose that cytoplasmic (eukaryotic) factors also contribute to the relevant effects of MC-LR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Máthé
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Károly Bóka
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Plant and Algal Natural Product Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Balaton Limnological Research Institute- HUN-REN, Klebelsberg str. 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Csongor Freytag
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garda
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Yoshimura R, Minamikawa S, Suzuki T, Goto K, Latrasse D, Sicar S, Raynaud C, Benhamed M, Yoshioka Y. CRUMPLED LEAF supports plastid OUTER ENVELOPE PROTEIN OF 80 KDA complex formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2422-2433. [PMID: 38235762 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Embedded β-barrel proteins in the outer envelope membrane mediate most cellular trafficking between the cytoplasm and plastids. Although the TRANSLOCON AT THE OUTER ENVELOPE MEMBRANE OF CHLOROPLASTS 75-V (TOC75-V)/OUTER ENVELOPE PROTEIN OF 80 KDA (OEP80) complex has been implicated in the insertion and assembly of β-barrel proteins in the outer envelope membrane of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplasts, relatively little is known about this process. CRUMPLED LEAF (CRL) encodes a chloroplast outer envelope membrane-localized protein, and its loss-of-function mutation results in pleiotropic defects, including altered plant morphogenesis, growth retardation, suppression of plastid division, and spontaneous light intensity-dependent localized cell death. A suppressor screen conducted on mutagenized crl mutants revealed that a missense mutation in OEP80 suppresses the pleiotropic defects of crl. Furthermore, we found that OEP80 complex formation is compromised in crl. Additionally, we demonstrated that CRL interacts with OEP80 in vivo and that a portion of CRL is present at the same molecular weight as the OEP80 complex. Our results suggest that CRL interacts with OEP80 to facilitate its complex formation. CRL is involved in plastid protein import; therefore, the pleiotropic defects in crl are likely due to the combined effects of decreased plastid protein import and altered membrane integration of β-barrel proteins in the outer envelope membrane. This study sheds light on the mechanisms that allow β-barrel protein integration into the plastid outer envelope membrane and the importance of this finding for plant cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Syun Minamikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Kotaro Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - David Latrasse
- CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sanchari Sicar
- CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Yasushi Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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3
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Gupta R. Melatonin: A promising candidate for maintaining food security under the threat of phytopathogens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107691. [PMID: 37031544 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant immune response is tightly controlled by an interplay of various phytohormones and plant growth regulators. Among them, the role of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene is well established while some others such as nitric oxide, polyamines, and hydrogen sulfide have appeared to be key regulators of plant immunity. In addition, some other chemicals, such as melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), are apparently turning out to be the novel regulators of plant defense responses. Melatonin has shown promising results in enhancing resistance of plants to a variety of pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and viruses, however, the molecular mechanism of melatonin-mediated plant immune regulation is currently elusive. Evidence gathered so far indicates that melatonin regulates plant immunity by (1) facilitating the maintenance of ROS homeostasis, (2) interacting with other phytohormones and growth regulators, and (3) inducing the accumulation of defense molecules. Therefore, engineering crops with improved melatonin production could enhance crop productivity under stress conditions. This review extends our understanding of the multifaceted role of melatonin in the regulation of plant defense response and presents a putative pathway of melatonin functioning and its interaction with phytohormones during biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
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TIC236 gain-of-function mutations unveil the link between plastid division and plastid protein import. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123353119. [PMID: 35275795 PMCID: PMC8931380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123353119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although plastid division is critical for plant development, how components of the plastid division machinery (PDM) are imported into plastids remains unexplored. A forward genetic screen to identify suppressors of a crumpled leaf (crl) mutant deficient in plastid division led us to find dominant gain-of-function (GF) mutations in TIC236, which significantly increases the import of PDM components and completely rescues crl phenotypes. The defective plastid division phenotypes in crl and tic236-knockdown mutants and CRL-TIC236 association in a functional complex indicate that the CRL-TIC236 module is vital for plastid division. Hence, we report the first GF translocon mutants and unveil CRL as a novel functional partner of TIC236 for PDM import. TIC236 is an essential component of the translocon for protein import into chloroplasts, as evidenced by the embryonic lethality of the knockout mutant. Here, we unveil a TIC236-allied component, the chloroplast outer membrane protein CRUMPLED LEAF (CRL), absence of which impairs plastid division and induces autoimmune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. A forward genetic screen exploring CRL function found multiple dominant TIC236 gain-of-function (tic236-gf) mutations that abolished crl-induced phenotypes. Moreover, CRL associates with TIC236, and a tic236-knockdown mutant exhibited multiple lesions similar to the crl mutant, supporting their shared functionality. Consistent with the defective plastid division phenotype of crl, CRL interacts with the transit peptides of proteins essential in plastid division, with tic236-gf mutations reinforcing their import via increased TIC236 stability. Ensuing reverse genetic analyses further revealed genetic interaction between CRL and SP1, a RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase, as well as with the plastid protease FTSH11, which function in TOC and TIC protein turnover, respectively. Loss of either SP1 or FTSH11 rescued crl mutant phenotypes to varying degrees due to increased translocon levels. Collectively, our data shed light on the links between plastid protein import, plastid division, and plant stress responses.
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Duan S, Hu L, Dong B, Jin HL, Wang HB. Signaling from Plastid Genome Stability Modulates Endoreplication and Cell Cycle during Plant Development. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108019. [PMID: 32783941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastid-nucleus genome coordination is crucial for plastid activity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. By treating Arabidopsis plants with the organellar genome-damaging agent ciprofloxacin, we found that plastid genome instability can alter endoreplication and the cell cycle. Similar results are observed in the plastid genome instability mutants of reca1why1why3. Cell division and embryo development are disturbed in the reca1why1why3 mutant. Notably, SMR5 and SMR7 genes, which encode cell-cycle kinase inhibitors, are upregulated in plastid genome instability plants, and the mutation of SMR7 can restore the endoreplication and growth phenotype of reca1why1why3 plants. Furthermore, we establish that the DNA damage response transcription factor SOG1 mediates the alteration of endoreplication and cell cycle triggered by plastid genome instability. Finally, we demonstrate that reactive oxygen species produced in plastids are important for plastid-nucleus genome coordination. Our findings uncover a molecular mechanism for the coordination of plastid and nuclear genomes during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Jin
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wang F, Fang J, Guan K, Luo S, Dogra V, Li B, Ma D, Zhao X, Lee KP, Sun P, Xin J, Liu T, Xing W, Kim C. The Arabidopsis CRUMPLED LEAF protein, a homolog of the cyanobacterial bilin lyase, retains the bilin-binding pocket for a yet unknown function. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:964-978. [PMID: 32860438 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic bacterial phycobiliprotein lyases, also called CpcT lyases, catalyze the biogenesis of phycobilisome, a light-harvesting antenna complex, through the covalent attachment of chromophores to the antenna proteins. The Arabidopsis CRUMPLED LEAF (CRL) protein is a homolog of the cyanobacterial CpcT lyase. Loss of CRL leads to multiple lesions, including localized foliar cell death, constitutive expression of stress-related nuclear genes, abnormal cell cycle, and impaired plastid division. Notwithstanding the apparent phenotypes, the function of CRL still remains elusive. To gain insight into the function of CRL, we examined whether CRL still retains the capacity to bind with the bacterial chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB) and its plant analog phytochromobilin (PΦB). The revealed structure of the CpcT domain of CRL is comparable to that of the CpcT lyase, despite the low sequence identity. The subsequent in vitro biochemical assays found, as shown for the CpcT lyase, that PCB/PΦB binds to the CRL dimer. However, some mutant forms of CRL, substantially compromised in their bilin-binding ability, still restore the crl-induced multiple lesions. These results suggest that although CRL retains the bilin-binding pocket, it seems not functionally associated with the crl-induced multiple lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaoling Guan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengji Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingqi Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Demin Ma
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keun Pyo Lee
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengkai Sun
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jian Xin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiman Xing
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Li B, Fang J, Singh RM, Zi H, Lv S, Liu R, Dogra V, Kim C. FATTY ACID DESATURASE5 Is Required to Induce Autoimmune Responses in Gigantic Chloroplast Mutants of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3240-3255. [PMID: 32796124 PMCID: PMC7534476 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts mediate genetically controlled cell death via chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. To decipher the mechanism, we examined chloroplast-linked lesion-mimic mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) deficient in plastid division, thereby developing gigantic chloroplasts (GCs). These GC mutants, including crumpled leaf (crl), constitutively express immune-related genes and show light-dependent localized cell death (LCD), mirroring typical autoimmune responses. Our reverse genetic approach excludes any potential role of immune/stress hormones in triggering LCD. Instead, transcriptome and in silico analyses suggest that reactive electrophile species (RES) generated via oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or lipid peroxidation-driven signaling may induce LCD. Consistent with these results, the one of the suppressors of crl, dubbed spcrl4, contains a causative mutation in the nuclear gene encoding chloroplast-localized FATTY ACID DESATURASE5 (FAD5) that catalyzes the conversion of palmitic acid (16:0) to palmitoleic acid (16:1). The loss of FAD5 in the crl mutant might attenuate the levels of RES and/or lipid peroxidation due to the reduced levels of palmitic acid-driven PUFAs, which are prime targets of reactive oxygen species. The fact that fad5 also compromises the expression of immune-related genes and the development of LCD in other GC mutants substantiates the presence of an intrinsic retrograde signaling pathway, priming the autoimmune responses in a FAD5-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rahul Mohan Singh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hailing Zi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang L, Apel K. Dose-dependent effects of 1O2 in chloroplasts are determined by its timing and localization of production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:29-40. [PMID: 30272237 PMCID: PMC6939833 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In plants, highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) is known to inhibit photosynthesis and to damage the cell as a cytotoxin. However, more recent studies have also proposed 1O2 as a signal. In plants under stress, not only 1O2 but also other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated simultaneously, thus making it difficult to link a particular response to the release of 1O2 and establish a signaling role for this ROS. This obstacle has been overcome by the identification of conditional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that selectively generate 1O2 and trigger various 1O2-mediated responses. In chloroplasts of these mutants, chlorophyll or its biosynthetic intermediates may act as a photosensitizer and generate 1O2. These 1O2-mediated responses are not only dependent on the dosage of 1O2 but also are determined by the timing and suborganellar localization of its production. This spatial- and temporal-dependent variability of 1O2-mediated responses emphasizes the importance of 1O2 as a highly versatile and short-lived signal that acts throughout the life cycle of a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsheng Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Apel
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
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Wu GZ, Chalvin C, Hoelscher M, Meyer EH, Wu XN, Bock R. Control of Retrograde Signaling by Rapid Turnover of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2472-2495. [PMID: 29367233 PMCID: PMC5841721 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of signals between cellular compartments coordinates development and differentiation, modulates metabolic pathways, and triggers responses to environmental conditions. The proposed central regulator of plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1), is present at very low levels, which has hampered the discovery of its precise molecular function. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GUN1 protein accumulates to detectable levels only at very early stages of leaf development, where it functions in the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis. GUN1 mRNA is present at high levels in all tissues, but GUN1 protein undergoes rapid degradation (with an estimated half-life of ∼4 h) in all tissues where chloroplast biogenesis has been completed. The rapid turnover of GUN1 is controlled mainly by the chaperone ClpC1, suggesting degradation of GUN1 by the Clp protease. Degradation of GUN1 slows under stress conditions that alter retrograde signaling, thus ensuring that the plant has sufficient GUN1 protein. We also find that the pentatricopeptide repeat motifs of GUN1 are important determinants of GUN1 stability. Moreover, overexpression of GUN1 causes an early flowering phenotype, suggesting a function of GUN1 in developmental phase transitions beyond chloroplast biogenesis. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the regulation of GUN1 by proteolytic degradation, uncover its function in early chloroplast biogenesis, and suggest a role in developmental phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhang Wu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Camille Chalvin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Matthijs Hoelscher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Etienne H Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Wildermuth MC, Steinwand MA, McRae AG, Jaenisch J, Chandran D. Adapted Biotroph Manipulation of Plant Cell Ploidy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:537-564. [PMID: 28617655 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diverse plant biotrophs that establish a sustained site of nutrient acquisition induce localized host endoreduplication. Endoreduplication is a process by which cells successively replicate their genomes without mitosis, resulting in an increase in nuclear DNA ploidy. Elevated ploidy is associated with enhanced cell size, metabolic capacity, and the capacity to differentiate. Localized host endoreduplication induced by adapted plant biotrophs promotes biotroph colonization, development, and/or proliferation. When induced host endoreduplication is limited, biotroph growth and/or development are compromised. Herein, we examine a diverse set of plant-biotroph interactions to identify (a) common host components manipulated to promote induced host endoreduplication and (b) biotroph effectors that facilitate this induced host process. Shared mechanisms to promote host endoreduplication and development of nutrient exchange/feeding sites include manipulation centered on endocycle entry at the G2-M transition as well as yet undefined roles for differentiation regulators (e.g., CLE peptides) and pectin/cell wall modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Wildermuth
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Michael A Steinwand
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Amanda G McRae
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Johan Jaenisch
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Divya Chandran
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India 121001
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Chan KX, Phua SY, Crisp P, McQuinn R, Pogson BJ. Learning the Languages of the Chloroplast: Retrograde Signaling and Beyond. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:25-53. [PMID: 26735063 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast can act as an environmental sensor, communicating with the cell during biogenesis and operation to change the expression of thousands of proteins. This process, termed retrograde signaling, regulates expression in response to developmental cues and stresses that affect photosynthesis and yield. Recent advances have identified many signals and pathways-including carotenoid derivatives, isoprenes, phosphoadenosines, tetrapyrroles, and heme, together with reactive oxygen species and proteins-that build a communication network to regulate gene expression, RNA turnover, and splicing. However, retrograde signaling pathways have been viewed largely as a means of bilateral communication between organelles and nuclei, ignoring their potential to interact with hormone signaling and the cell as a whole to regulate plant form and function. Here, we discuss new findings on the processes by which organelle communication is initiated, transmitted, and perceived, not only to regulate chloroplastic processes but also to intersect with cellular signaling and alter physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xun Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Su Yin Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Peter Crisp
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Ryan McQuinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
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12
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John R, Ganeshan U, Singh BN, Kaul T, Reddy MK, Sopory SK, Rajam MV. Over-expression of Topoisomerase II Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1280. [PMID: 27630644 PMCID: PMC5006100 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are unique enzymes having an ability to remove or add DNA supercoils and untangle the snarled DNA. They can cut, shuffle, and religate DNA strands and remove the torsional stress during DNA replication, transcription or recombination events. In the present study, we over-expressed topoisomerase II (TopoII) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) and examined its role in growth and development as well as salt (NaCl) stress tolerance. Several putative transgenic plants were generated and the transgene integration and expression was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses, and RT-PCR analysis respectively. Percent seed germination, shoot growth, and chlorophyll content revealed that transgenic lines over-expressing the NtTopoIIα-1 gene exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt (150 and 200 mM NaCl) stress. Moreover, over-expression of TopoII lead to the elevation in proline and glycine betaine levels in response to both concentrations of NaCl as compared to wild-type. In response to NaCl stress, TopoII over-expressing lines showed reduced lipid peroxidation derived malondialdehyde (MDA) generation. These results suggest that TopoII plays a pivotal role in salt stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat John
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of KashmirSrinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Riffat John
| | - Uma Ganeshan
- Plant Polyamine, Transgenic and RNAi Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Badri N. Singh
- Plant Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Tanushri Kaul
- Plant Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Malireddy K. Reddy
- Plant Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K. Sopory
- Plant Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Manchikatla V. Rajam
- Plant Polyamine, Transgenic and RNAi Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi, India
- Manchikatla V. Rajam
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Luesse DR, Wilson ME, Haswell ES. RNA Sequencing Analysis of the msl2msl3, crl, and ggps1 Mutants Indicates that Diverse Sources of Plastid Dysfunction Do Not Alter Leaf Morphology Through a Common Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1148. [PMID: 26734046 PMCID: PMC4686620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether individual genes function in the same or in different pathways is an important aspect of genetic analysis. As an alternative to the construction of higher-order mutants, we used contemporary expression profiling methods to perform pathway analysis on several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, including the mscS-like (msl)2msl3 double mutant. MSL2 and MSL3 are implicated in plastid ion homeostasis, and msl2msl3 double mutants exhibit leaves with a lobed periphery, a rumpled surface, and disturbed mesophyll cell organization. Similar developmental phenotypes are also observed in other mutants with defects in a range of other chloroplast or mitochondrial functions, including biogenesis, gene expression, and metabolism. We wished to test the hypothesis that the common leaf morphology phenotypes of these mutants are the result of a characteristic nuclear expression pattern that is generated in response to organelle dysfunction. RNA-Sequencing was performed on aerial tissue of msl2msl3 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (ggps1), and crumpled leaf (crl) mutants. While large groups of co-expressed genes were identified in pairwise comparisons between genotypes, we were only able to identify a small set of genes that showed similar expression profiles in all three genotypes. Subsequent comparison to the previously published gene expression profiles of two other mutants, yellow variegated 2 (var2) and scabra3 (sca3), failed to reveal a common pattern of gene expression associated with superficially similar leaf morphology defects. Nor did we observe overlap between genes differentially expressed in msl2msl3, crl, and ggps1 and a previously identified retrograde core response module. These data suggest that a common retrograde signaling pathway initiated by organelle dysfunction either does not exist in these mutants or cannot be identified through transcriptomic methods. Instead, the leaf developmental defects observed in these mutants may be achieved through a number of independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darron R. Luesse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E. Wilson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint LouisSaint Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Gollan PJ, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Photosynthetic light reactions: integral to chloroplast retrograde signalling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 27:180-91. [PMID: 26318477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast retrograde signalling is ultimately dependent on the function of the photosynthetic light reactions and not only guides the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to changing environmental and metabolic cues, but has a much wider influence on the growth and development of plants. New information generated during the past few years about regulation of photosynthetic light reactions and identification of the underlying regulatory proteins has paved the way towards better understanding of the signalling molecules produced in chloroplasts upon changes in the environment. Likewise, the availability of various mutants lacking regulatory functions has made it possible to address the role of excitation energy distribution and electron flow in the thylakoid membrane in inducing the retrograde signals from chloroplasts to the nucleus. Such signalling molecules also induce and interact with hormonal signalling cascades to provide comprehensive information from chloroplasts to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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15
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Chen S, Kim C, Lee JM, Lee HA, Fei Z, Wang L, Apel K. Blocking the QB-binding site of photosystem II by tenuazonic acid, a non-host-specific toxin of Alternaria alternata, activates singlet oxygen-mediated and EXECUTER-dependent signalling in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1069-80. [PMID: 25292361 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Necrotrophic fungal pathogens produce toxic compounds that induce cell death in infected plants. Often, the primary targets of these toxins and the way a plant responds to them are not known. In the present work, the effect of tenuazonic acid (TeA), a non-host-specific toxin of Alternaria alternata, on Arabidopsis thaliana has been analysed. TeA blocks the QB -binding site at the acceptor side of photosystem II (PSII). As a result, charge recombination at the reaction centre (RC) of PSII is expected to enhance the formation of the excited triplet state of the RC chlorophyll that promotes generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O₂). (1)O₂ activates a signalling pathway that depends on the two EXECUTER (EX) proteins EX1 and EX2 and triggers a programmed cell death response. In seedlings treated with TeA at half-inhibition concentration (1)O₂-mediated and EX-dependent signalling is activated as indicated by the rapid and transient up-regulation of (1)O₂-responsive genes in wild type, and its suppression in ex1/ex2 mutants. Lesion formation occurs when seedlings are exposed to higher concentrations of TeA for a longer period of time. Under these conditions, the programmed cell death response triggered by (1)O₂-mediated and EX-dependent signalling is superimposed by other events that also contribute to lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Chen
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1801, USA; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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16
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Hudik E, Yoshioka Y, Domenichini S, Bourge M, Soubigout-Taconnat L, Mazubert C, Yi D, Bujaldon S, Hayashi H, De Veylder L, Bergounioux C, Benhamed M, Raynaud C. Chloroplast dysfunction causes multiple defects in cell cycle progression in the Arabidopsis crumpled leaf mutant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:152-67. [PMID: 25037213 PMCID: PMC4149703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.242628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The majority of research on cell cycle regulation is focused on the nuclear events that govern the replication and segregation of the genome between the two daughter cells. However, eukaryotic cells contain several compartmentalized organelles with specialized functions, and coordination among these organelles is required for proper cell cycle progression, as evidenced by the isolation of several mutants in which both organelle function and overall plant development were affected. To investigate how chloroplast dysfunction affects the cell cycle, we analyzed the crumpled leaf (crl) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which is deficient for a chloroplastic protein and displays particularly severe developmental defects. In the crl mutant, we reveal that cell cycle regulation is altered drastically and that meristematic cells prematurely enter differentiation, leading to reduced plant stature and early endoreduplication in the leaves. This response is due to the repression of several key cell cycle regulators as well as constitutive activation of stress-response genes, among them the cell cycle inhibitor SIAMESE-RELATED5. One unique feature of the crl mutant is that it produces aplastidic cells in several organs, including the root tip. By investigating the consequence of the absence of plastids on cell cycle progression, we showed that nuclear DNA replication occurs in aplastidic cells in the root tip, which opens future research prospects regarding the dialogue between plastids and the nucleus during cell cycle regulation in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hudik
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Yasushi Yoshioka
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Séverine Domenichini
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Mickaël Bourge
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Ludivine Soubigout-Taconnat
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Christelle Mazubert
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Dalong Yi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Sandrine Bujaldon
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université-Paris Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence Saclay Plant Science, bât 630 91405 Orsay, France (E.H., S.D., C.M., C.B., M.Be., C.R.);Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (Y.Y.);Fédération de Recherche de Gif FRC3115, Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.Bo.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, CP5708 Evry, France (L.S.-T.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (D.Y., L.D.V.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (S.B.);Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.H.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Be.)
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Lepage É, Zampini É, Brisson N. Plastid genome instability leads to reactive oxygen species production and plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:867-81. [PMID: 23969600 PMCID: PMC3793064 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.223560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plastid genome is highly conserved among plant species, suggesting that alterations of its structure would have dramatic impacts on plant fitness. Nevertheless, little is known about the direct consequences of plastid genome instability. Recently, it was reported that the plastid Whirly proteins WHY1 and WHY3 and a specialized type-I polymerase, POLIB, act as safeguards against plastid genome instability in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this study, we use ciprofloxacin, an organelle double-strand break-inducing agent, and the why1why3polIb-1 variegated mutant to evaluate the impact of generalized plastid DNA instability. First, we show that in why1why3polIb-1 and ciprofloxacin-treated plants, plastid genome instability is associated with increased reactive oxygen species production. Then, using different light regimens, we show that the elevated reactive oxygen species production correlates with the appearance of a yellow-variegated phenotype in the why1why3polIb-1 population. This redox imbalance also correlates to modifications of nuclear gene expression patterns, which in turn leads to acclimation to high light. Taken together, these results indicate that plastid genome instability induces an oxidative burst that favors, through nuclear genetic reprogramming, adaptation to subsequent oxidative stresses.
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18
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Kim C, Apel K. Singlet oxygen-mediated signaling in plants: moving from flu to wild type reveals an increasing complexity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:455-64. [PMID: 23832611 PMCID: PMC3833438 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen ((1)O2)-mediated signaling has been established in the conditional fluorescent (flu) mutant of Arabidopsis. In the dark, the flu mutant accumulates free protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), a photosensitizer that in the light generates (1)O2. The release of (1)O2 leads to growth inhibition of mature plants and bleaching of seedlings. These (1)O2-mediated responses depend on two plastid proteins, EXECUTER (EX) 1 and 2. An ex1/ex2/flu mutant accumulates in the dark Pchlide and upon illumination generates similar amounts of (1)O2 as flu, but (1)O2-mediated responses are abrogated in the triple mutant. The (1)O2- and EX-dependent signaling pathway operates also in wild type placed under light stress. However, it does not act alone as in flu, but interacts with other signaling pathways that modulate (1)O2-mediated responses. Depending on how severe the light stress is, (1)O2- and EX-dependent signaling may be superimposed by (1)O2-mediated signaling that does not depend on EX and is associated with photo-oxidative damage. Because of its high reactivity and short half-life, (1)O2 is unlikely to be a signal that is translocated across the chloroplast envelope, but is likely to interact with other plastid components close to its site of production and to generate more stable signaling molecules during this interaction. Depending on the site of (1)O2 production and the severity of stress, different signaling molecules may be expected that give rise to different (1)O2-mediated responses.
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19
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Gao Y, Liu H, An C, Shi Y, Liu X, Yuan W, Zhang B, Yang J, Yu C, Gao H. Arabidopsis FRS4/CPD25 and FHY3/CPD45 work cooperatively to promote the expression of the chloroplast division gene ARC5 and chloroplast division. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:795-807. [PMID: 23662592 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ARC5 is a dynamin-related GTPase essential for the division of chloroplasts in plants. The arc5 mutant frequently exhibits enlarged, dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts, indicating a role for ARC5 in the constriction of the chloroplast division site. In a screen for chloroplast division mutants with a phenotype similar to arc5, two mutants, cpd25 and cpd45, were obtained. CPD45 was identified as being the same gene as FHY3, a key regulator of far-red light signaling recently shown to be involved in the regulation of ARC5. CPD25 was previously named FRS4 and is homologous to FHY3. We found that CPD25 is also required for the expression of ARC5, suggesting that its function is not redundant to that of FHY3. Moreover, cpd25 does not have the far-red light-sensing defect present in fhy3 and far1. Both FRS4/CPD25 and FHY3/CPD45 could bind to the FBS-like 'ACGCGC' motifs in the promoter region of ARC5, and the binding efficiency of FRS4/CPD25 was much higher than that of FHY3/CPD45. Unlike FHY3/CPD45, FRS4/CPD25 has no ARC5 activation activity. Our data suggest that FRS4/CPD25 and FHY3/CPD45 function as a heterodimer that cooperatively activates ARC5, that FRS4/CPD25 plays the major role in promoter binding, and that FHY3/CPD45 is largely responsible for the gene activation. This study not only provides insight into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of chloroplast division in higher plants, but also suggests a model that shows how members of a transcription factor family can evolve to have different DNA-binding and gene activation features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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20
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Fischer BB, Hideg É, Krieger-Liszkay A. Production, detection, and signaling of singlet oxygen in photosynthetic organisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2145-62. [PMID: 23320833 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In photosynthetic organisms, excited chlorophylls (Chl) can stimulate the formation of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)), a highly toxic molecule that acts in addition to its damaging nature as an important signaling molecule. Thus, due to this dual role of (1)O(2), its production and detoxification have to be strictly controlled. RECENT ADVANCES Regulation of pigment synthesis is essential to control (1)O(2) production, and several components of the Chl synthesis and pigment insertion machineries to assemble and disassemble protein/pigment complexes have recently been identified. Once produced, (1)O(2) activates a signaling cascade from the chloroplast to the nucleus that can involve multiple mechanisms and stimulate a specific gene expression response. Further, (1)O(2) signaling was shown to interact with signal cascades of other reactive oxygen species, oxidized carotenoids, and lipid hydroperoxide-derived reactive electrophile species. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite recent progresses, hardly anything is known about how and where the (1)O(2) signal is sensed and transmitted to the cytoplasm. One reason for that is the limitation of available detection methods challenging the reliable quantification and localization of (1)O(2) in plant cells. In addition, the process of Chl insertion into the reaction centers and antenna complexes is still unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Unraveling the mechanisms controlling (1)O(2) production and signaling would help clarifying the specific role of (1)O(2) in cellular stress responses. It would further enable to investigate the interaction and sensitivity to other abiotic and biotic stress signals and thus allow to better understand why some stressors activate an acclimation, while others provoke a programmed cell death response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat B Fischer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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21
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Hlaváčková I, Vítámvás P, Šantrůček J, Kosová K, Zelenková S, Prášil IT, Ovesná J, Hynek R, Kodíček M. Proteins involved in distinct phases of cold hardening process in frost resistant winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv Luxor. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8000-24. [PMID: 23584021 PMCID: PMC3645728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter barley is an economically important cereal crop grown in higher latitudes and altitudes where low temperatures represent an important environmental constraint limiting crop productivity. In this study changes in proteome of leaves and crowns in a frost tolerant winter barley cv. Luxor in relation to short and long term periods of cold followed by a brief frost treatment were studied in order to disclose proteins responsible for the cold hardening process in distinct plant tissues. The mentioned changes have been monitored using two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) with subsequent peptide-mapping protein identification. Regarding approximately 600–700 distinct protein spots detected on 2D gels, there has been found at least a two-fold change after exposure to low temperatures in about 10% of proteins in leaves and 13% of proteins in crowns. Protein and nitrogen metabolic processes have been influenced by low temperature to a similar extent in both tissues while catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and proteins involved in stress response have been more affected in crowns than in leaves. The range of changes in protein abundance was generally higher in leaves and chloroplast proteins were frequently affected which suggests a priority to protect photosynthetic apparatus. Overall, our data proved existence of slightly different response strategies to low temperature stress in crowns and leaves, i.e., tissues with different biological role. Moreover, there have been found several proteins with large increase in accumulation, e.g., 33 kDa oxygen evolving protein of photosystem II in leaves and “enhanced disease susceptibility 1” in crowns; these proteins might have potential to indicate an enhanced level of frost tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hlaváčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-220-444-384; Fax: +420-220-445-167
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Klára Kosová
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Sylva Zelenková
- Department of Plant Experimental Biology, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Ilja Tom Prášil
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Jaroslava Ovesná
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Radovan Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Milan Kodíček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
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Basak I, Møller SG. Emerging facets of plastid division regulation. PLANTA 2013; 237:389-98. [PMID: 22965912 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are complex organelles that are integrated into the plant host cell where they differentiate and divide in tune with plant differentiation and development. In line with their prokaryotic origin, plastid division involves both evolutionary conserved proteins and proteins of eukaryotic origin where the host has acquired control over the process. The plastid division apparatus is spatially separated between the stromal and the cytosolic space but where clear coordination mechanisms exist between the two machineries. Our knowledge of the plastid division process has increased dramatically during the past decade and recent findings have not only shed light on plastid division enzymology and the formation of plastid division complexes but also on the integration of the division process into a multicellular context. This review summarises our current knowledge of plastid division with an emphasis on biochemical features, the functional assembly of protein complexes and regulatory features of the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Basak
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, USA
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Li B, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Molecular components of stress-responsive plastid retrograde signaling networks and their involvement in ammonium stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23107. [PMID: 23299427 PMCID: PMC3657007 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastid retrograde signaling (chloroplast to nucleus) has been proposed to play an important role in the acclimation of plant function to environmental stress. Although several pathways and molecular components, as well as some signals, have been identified in recent years, our understanding of the communication between plastid and nucleus under stress remains fragmentary. This mini-review summarizes the properties of currently proposed candidate signals, chief molecular components, and their roles in the plastid retrograde signaling network in a variety of stress responses. We provide special emphasis on the recently characterized AMOS1/EGY1-dependent plastid retrograde signaling pathways engaged during ammonium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture; Institute of Soil Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing, P.R. China
| | | | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture; Institute of Soil Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Weiming Shi,
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Integration of stress-related and reactive oxygen species-mediated signals by Topoisomerase VI in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16360-5. [PMID: 22988090 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress often leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species that are involved in plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. Soon after the release of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) in chloroplasts of the flu mutant of Arabidopsis, reprogramming of nuclear gene expression reveals a rapid transfer of signals from the plastid to the nucleus. We have identified extraplastidic signaling constituents involved in (1)O(2)-initiated plastid-to-nucleus signaling and nuclear gene activation after mutagenizing a flu line expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the promoter of a (1)O(2)-responsive AAA-ATPase gene (At3g28580) and isolating second-site mutations that lead to a constitutive up-regulation of the reporter gene or abrogate its (1)O(2)-dependent up-regulation. One of these mutants, caa39, turned out to be a weak mutant allele of the Topoisomerase VI (Topo VI) A-subunit gene with a single amino acid substitution. Transcript profile analysis of flu and flu caa39 mutants revealed that Topo VI is necessary for the full activation of AAA-ATPase and a set of (1)O(2)-responsive transcripts in response to (1)O(2). Topo VI binds to the promoter of the AAA-ATPase and other (1)O(2)-responsive genes, and hence could directly regulate their expression. Under photoinhibitory stress conditions, which enhance the production of (1)O(2) and H(2)O(2), Topo VI regulates (1)O(2)-responsive and H(2)O(2)-responsive genes in a distinct manner. These results suggest that Topo VI acts as an integrator of multiple signals generated by reactive oxygen species formed in plants under adverse environmental conditions.
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25
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Asakura Y, Galarneau E, Watkins KP, Barkan A, van Wijk KJ. Chloroplast RH3 DEAD box RNA helicases in maize and Arabidopsis function in splicing of specific group II introns and affect chloroplast ribosome biogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:961-74. [PMID: 22576849 PMCID: PMC3387720 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.197525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts in angiosperms contain at least seven nucleus-encoded members of the DEAD box RNA helicase family. Phylogenetic analysis shows that five of these plastid members (RH22, -39, -47, -50, and -58) form a single clade and that RH3 forms a clade with two mitochondrial RH proteins (PMH1 and -2) functioning in intron splicing. The function of chloroplast RH3 in maize (Zea mays; ZmRH3) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; AtRH3) was determined. ZmRH3 and AtRH3 are both under strong developmental control, and ZmRH3 abundance sharply peaked in the sink-source transition zone of developing maize leaves, coincident with the plastid biogenesis machinery. ZmRH3 coimmunoprecipitated with a specific set of plastid RNAs, including several group II introns, as well as pre23S and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), but not 16S rRNA. Furthermore, ZmRH3 associated with 50S preribosome particles as well as nucleoids. AtRH3 null mutants are embryo lethal, whereas a weak allele (rh3-4) results in pale-green seedlings with defects in splicing of several group II introns and rRNA maturation as well as reduced levels of assembled ribosomes. These results provide strong evidence that RH3 functions in the splicing of group II introns and possibly also contributes to the assembly of the 50S ribosomal particle. Previously, we observed 5- to 10-fold up-regulation of AtRH3 in plastid Caseinolytic protease mutants. The results shown here indicate that AtRH3 up-regulation was not a direct consequence of reduced proteolysis but constituted a compensatory response at both RH3 transcript and protein levels to impaired chloroplast biogenesis; this response demonstrates that cross talk between the chloroplast and the nucleus is used to regulate RH3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Asakura
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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26
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Kim C, Meskauskiene R, Zhang S, Lee KP, Lakshmanan Ashok M, Blajecka K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Apel K. Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis are the source and a primary target of a plant-specific programmed cell death signaling pathway. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:3026-39. [PMID: 22797473 PMCID: PMC3426130 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) in chloroplasts trigger programmed cell death. The impact of (1)O(2) production in chloroplasts was monitored first in the conditional fluorescent (flu) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that accumulates (1)O(2) upon a dark/light shift. The onset of (1)O(2) production is rapidly followed by a loss of chloroplast integrity that precedes the rupture of the central vacuole and the final collapse of the cell. Inactivation of the two plastid proteins EXECUTER (EX1) and EX2 in the flu mutant abrogates these responses, indicating that disintegration of chloroplasts is due to EX-dependent signaling rather than (1)O(2) directly. In flu seedlings, (1)O(2)-mediated cell death signaling operates as a default pathway that results in seedlings committing suicide. By contrast, EX-dependent signaling in the wild type induces the formation of microlesions without decreasing the viability of seedlings. (1)O(2)-mediated and EX-dependent loss of plastid integrity and cell death in these plants occurs only in cells containing fully developed chloroplasts. Our findings support an as yet unreported signaling role of (1)O(2) in the wild type exposed to mild light stress that invokes photoinhibition of photosystem II without causing photooxidative damage of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhong Kim
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Institute of Plant Sciences, CH8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rasa Meskauskiene
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Institute of Plant Sciences, CH8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801
| | - Keun Pyo Lee
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Institute of Plant Sciences, CH8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Munusamy Lakshmanan Ashok
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Institute of Plant Sciences, CH8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Blajecka
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Institute of Plant Sciences, CH8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Apel
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Institute of Plant Sciences, CH8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to
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Sugita C, Kato Y, Yoshioka Y, Tsurumi N, Iida Y, Machida Y, Sugita M. CRUMPLED LEAF (CRL) Homologs of Physcomitrella patens are Involved in the Complete Separation of Dividing Plastids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 53:1124-33. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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