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García YD, Ureña FA, Carrión-Nessi FS, Díaz SY, Ávila AA, Omaña-Ávila ÓD, Freitas-De Nobrega DC, Guilliod-Grossmann CR, Soto LM, Carballo M, Landaeta ME, Forero-Peña DA. HBV, HCV, or syphilis coinfection with HIV in pregnant women seen at the main hospital in the capital of Venezuela. HIV Med 2023; 24:372-375. [PMID: 35934876 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel D García
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Francisco A Ureña
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Fhabián S Carrión-Nessi
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.,"Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" Health Sciences School, University of Oriente - Bolivar Nucleus, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Sol Y Díaz
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.,"Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Atahualpa A Ávila
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Óscar D Omaña-Ávila
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.,"Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Diana C Freitas-De Nobrega
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.,"Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" Health Sciences School, University of Oriente - Bolivar Nucleus, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Lily M Soto
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Martín Carballo
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María E Landaeta
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - David A Forero-Peña
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.,Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
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Ouoba S, Ouedraogo JCRP, Lingani M, E B, Hussain MRA, Ko K, Nagashima S, Sugiyama A, Akita T, Tinto H, Tanaka J. Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1126. [PMID: 34724902 PMCID: PMC8561994 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020. Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. Methods A systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. Results Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20–4.28) and 4.75% (95% CI: 1.79–8.94) in high-risk groups. A non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759 individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive. The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of 1.65% (95% CI: 0.74–2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174 people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1 were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively. Conclusions HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso and indicates the need to implement effective control strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and for rural and high-risk populations. General population screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special attention to rural and high-risk populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06817-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ouoba
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Moussa Lingani
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Bunthen E
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Payment Certification Agency (PCA), Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ko Ko
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nagashima
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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3
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Oluremi AS, Opaleye OO, Ogbolu DO, Alli OAT, Ashiru FT, Alaka OO, Suleiman IE, Enitan SS, Adelakun AA, Adediji IO, Olowoyeye EA, Adewumi OO, Ayodele TO, Ogunleke OA. Serological evidence of HIV, Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among liver disease patients attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 42:69-81. [PMID: 32967530 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1821214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis infection in HIV positive individuals with liver diseases causes high mortality worldwide. HIV worsens the pathological effect of hepatitis viruses and potentiates reactivation of latent hepatitis infections due to reduced immunity. This research therefore aimed to study the occurrence of HIV and hepatitis viruses among liver diseases patients (LVDP) attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 121 LVDP blood samples collected were tested for HIV and Hepatitis B, C, and E using and enzyme linked Immunossorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using packages within SPSS and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Prevalence of 32.2%, 0.8%, 10.7%, and 18.2% for HBsAg, Anti-HCV, HEV-IgM, and HIV were found respectively. Marital status showed a significant association with HEV-IgM infection (χ2 = 9.869, P = .020). The prevalence of HBsAg, HEV, and HIV among LVDP in Osun State is alarming and health education among the patients and general populace is hereby advocated. High HEV-IgM seroprevalence implies that HEV routine screening should be incorporated into blood screening. Since HEV is associated with unhygienic practice, people should be enlightened on how to improve their living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Oluremi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O O Opaleye
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - D O Ogbolu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O A T Alli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - F T Ashiru
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O O Alaka
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - I E Suleiman
- Department of Chemical Pathology & Immunology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - S S Enitan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria
| | - A A Adelakun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria
| | - I O Adediji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria
| | - E A Olowoyeye
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences & Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - O O Adewumi
- PPP Laboratory, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - T O Ayodele
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences & Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - O A Ogunleke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
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4
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Agboghoroma CO, Ukaire BC. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. Niger Med J 2020; 61:245-251. [PMID: 33487847 PMCID: PMC7808292 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_241_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) co-infection in pregnant women has increased potential for Mother-to-Child Transmission risks of both viruses. The reports on the prevalence and risk factors for HIV and HCV co-infection in pregnancy are limited in Nigeria. AIM The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infection among pregnant women in Abuja. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional seroprevalence study carried out on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital in Abuja from July 1st to October 31st 2016. Patients were recruited consecutively and counselled for HIV and HCV. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, and information on potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infections. Blood samples were collected for HIV and HCV screening using rapid test kits following the national testing algorithm. Data generated were analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT 252 pregnant women participated in this study. The mean age of the study population was 31.7 ± 4.9 years. The prevalence of HIV and HCV was 12.3% and 1.2% respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection was 0.8%. The prevalence of HCV among HIV positive cohorts was 6.5%. HIV infection was significantly associated with history of blood transfusion (P = 0.047), presence of tattoo/scarification marks (P = 0.009) and multiple sexual partners (P < 0.0001). HCV infections was not significantly associated with any of the risk factors studied. CONCLUSION HIV prevalence is high among the pregnant women. HCV co-infection is common in women who are HIV infected. HIV infection unlike HCV was significantly associated with history of blood transfusion, presence of tattoo/scarification marks and multiple sexual partners.
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5
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Omatola CA, Lawal C, Omosayin DO, Okolo MLO, Adaji DM, Mofolorunsho CK, Bello KE. Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women in Anyigba, Nigeria. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:186-191. [PMID: 31021251 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, infection of pregnant women by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) pose a significant health challenge for not just the mothers but also the newborn infant. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Kogi State University Teaching Hospital (KSUTH), Anyigba, Nigeria. Sera samples obtained from 200 consented pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibodies using commercially available immunoassay test kit. Demographic variables and obstetric characteristic were obtained using structured questionnaire. Of the 200 sera tested, the seroprevalence rates were 1.0%, 0.5%, and 8.5% for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibodies, respectively. Although 0.5% were coinfected with HIV/HCV, none was simultaneously infected by the three viruses. Age, marital status, trimester, and educational and occupational status did not significantly affect the prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV infections. However, factors such as history of abortion/miscarriage (p = 0.04), intravenous drug use (p = 0.001), and history of other sexually transmitted infection (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in relation to HIV seropositivity. In conclusion, findings from this study revealed high HIV seroprevalence and a clear decline of hepatitis C and B infection prevalence compared with previous epidemiological data. Reason for the latter could be attributed to the current efforts to reduce mother-to-child transmission and possible HBV vaccination programs. High burden of HIV infection in our study suggests the needs to strengthen the national prevention programs including education of the people on the risk factors of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiana Lawal
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
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HBV or HCV Coinfection in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women in France: Prevalence and Pregnancy Outcomes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 77:439-450. [PMID: 29287028 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequent in HIV-infected persons but their impact on pregnant HIV-infected women is understudied. We explored whether these coinfections are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and lower response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Pregnancies in HIV-1-infected women included in the ANRS French Perinatal Cohort between 2005 and 2013 were analyzed if HBV and HCV infection statuses were available. RESULTS Among 4236 women, the prevalence of HBV (HBs Ag+) and HCV (RNA+) were 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 5.4 to 6.8) and 1.7% (1.3 to 2.1), respectively. HCV coinfection was strongly associated with a history of drug use; HBV coinfection was 6 times more frequent in women born in Sub-Saharan Africa than in European France. Baseline HIV viral load, CD4 count, and HIV care during pregnancy were similar in coinfected and monoinfected HIV mothers, except that 90% of HBV/HIV women were receiving tenofovir and/or lamivudine or emtricitabine. HCV coinfection was significantly associated with cholestasis [adjusted odds ratio: 4.1 (1.5-10.8), P = 0.005], preterm delivery [3.0 (1.6-5.7), P < 0.001], lower CD4 [2.6 (1.0-6.4), P < 0.001], and detectable viral load [2.3 (1.0-5.5), P = 0.06] at the end of pregnancy. HBV coinfection was not associated with any of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In HIV-infected women, chronic HBV infection, mostly treated using targeted ART, had no major impact on the course of pregnancy. By contrast, chronic HCV infection was associated with a higher risk of obstetrical complications and a poorer immune-virological response to ART. It is yet unknown whether cure of HCV infection before conception can limit these adverse outcomes.
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7
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Ekouevi DK, Coffie PA, Tchounga BK, Poda A, Jaquet A, Dabis F, Eholie SP. Prevalence of hepatitis C among HIV-1, HIV-2 and dually reactive patients: A multi-country cross-sectional survey in West Africa. J Public Health Afr 2018; 9:871. [PMID: 30687482 PMCID: PMC6325423 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2018.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known on the impact of HIV-2 infection on HCV viral replication. The aim of the study was to compare HCV prevalence and viral replication based on HIV types in West Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted within the IeDEA HIV-2 West Africa cohort from March to December 2012. All HIVinfected adult patients who attended participating HIV clinics during the study period were included. Blood samples were collected and re-tested for HIV type discrimination, HCV serology and viral load. A total of 767 patients were enrolled: 186 HIV-1, 431 HIV-2 and 150 HIV-1&2 dually reactive. At time of sampling, 531 (69.2%) were on ART and median CD4+ cell count was 472/mm3. Thirty (3.9%, 95% CI 2.7-5.5) patients were anti-HCV positive (4.3% in HIV-1, 4.0% in HIV-1&2 dually reactive and 3.7% in HIV-2; p=0.91). Detectable HCV RNA was identified in 21 (70.0%) patients (100% in HIV-1 and HIV- 1&2 dually reactive vs. 43.8% in HIV-2; p=0.003). Systematic screening should be promoted and performed in this population, since HCV is now potentially curable in sub- Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier K Ekouevi
- Université de Lomé, Département de Santé Publique, Lomé-Togo.,ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Patrick A Coffie
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Boris K Tchounga
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Armel Poda
- Université Polytechnique de Bobo, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Hôpital de Jour de Bobo, Service des Maladies Infectieuses (CHU Souro Sanou), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Jaquet
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Dabis
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Serge P Eholie
- Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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8
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World Hepatitis Day in Burkina Faso, 2016: Awareness, Screening, Identification of HBV Markers, HBV/HCV Coinfection, and Vaccination. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Graham CS, Swan T. A path to eradication of hepatitis C in low- and middle-income countries. Antiviral Res 2015; 119:89-96. [PMID: 25615583 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We are entering a new era in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and almost all patient groups in high-income countries have the potential to be cured with all-oral, highly potent combinations of direct-acting antiviral drugs. Soon the main barrier to curing hepatitis C, even in wealthy countries, will be the high price of these all-oral regimens. The gulf between the advances in HCV drug development and access to treatment for individual patients will be even greater in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where 80% of the global burden of HCV infection and mortality exists. Ensuring that people in LMIC have access to regimens against HCV will require a similar level of advocacy and public-private partnerships as has transformed the control of other global diseases such as HIV. Numerous challenges will need to be overcome. These include improving low-cost diagnostic tests, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the false-positive rate is unacceptably high, reducing iatrogenic spread of HCV, addressing transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID), and ensuring affordable access to antiviral treatment for all people living with HCV infection in LMIC. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Hepatitis C: next steps toward global eradication."
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla S Graham
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tracy Swan
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Characterisation of hepatitis C virus genotype among blood donors at the regional blood transfusion centre of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 12 Suppl 1:s54-7. [PMID: 24599906 DOI: 10.2450/2013.0089-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for about 900 deaths every year in Burkina Faso. In this country, serological screening for hepatitis B and C viruses is only carried out systematically among blood donors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of HCV among blood donors using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples were screened for antibodies to HCV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ARCHITECT-i1000SR-ABBOTT). All the reactive samples for HCV antibodies were re-tested using a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bio-Rad, Marnes la Coquette, France) for confirmation. RNA was detected in all the reactive samples for antibodies to HCV. HCV RNA positive samples were genotyped using the HCV Real-TM Genotype kit (Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy). RESULTS Among 2,200 blood donors, the prevalences of antibodies to HCV and viral RNA were 4.4% (95% confidence interval=3.5-5.3) and 1.5% (95% confidence interval=1.0-2.0), respectively. Among HCV RNA carriers, genotyping showed that HCV genotypes 2 and 3 were the most prevalent as they were detected in 18 (56.3%) and 5 (15.6%) individuals, respectively. HCV genotypes 1a and 4 were the least frequent among the blood donors. HCV mixed genotypes 2/3 and 2/4 were also detected among the blood donors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HCV found in this study is lower than previously reported prevalences. Large-scale studies are needed to obtain a better picture of the molecular epidemiology of HCV in Burkina Faso.
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Matthews PC, Geretti AM, Goulder PJR, Klenerman P. Epidemiology and impact of HIV coinfection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:20-33. [PMID: 24973812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are blood-borne viruses with potentially shared routes of transmission. In high-income settings, the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on survival has unmasked chronic liver disease from viral hepatitis B or hepatitis C as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with HIV infection. It is now feared that progressive liver disease may threaten the success of ART programmes in developing countries, where HCV or HBV testing and monitoring are not yet systematic among HIV-infected patients and ART use is generally blind to these co-infections. We set out to review recent data from Sub-Saharan Africa, in order to build a detailed and up-to-date picture of the epidemiology and emerging impact of HBV and HCV coinfection in countries at the heart of the HIV pandemic. There is a preponderance of HIV/HBV coinfection compared to HIV/HCV in this region, and significant caveats exist regarding the accuracy of published HCV seroprevalence surveys. Morbidity and mortality of coinfection is significant, and may be further enhanced in African populations due to the influence of host, viral and environmental factors. Careful scrutiny of the coinfection problem is vital to inform an approach to directing resources, planning public health initiatives, providing clinical care, and guiding future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Anna Maria Geretti
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Philip J R Goulder
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Zeba MTA, Ouattara CAT, Karou SD, Bisseye C, Ouermi D, Djigma FW, Sagna T, Pietra V, Moret R, Nikiema J, Simpore J. Prevalence of HBV and HCV markers among patients attending the Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 15:484-9. [PMID: 24187903 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.484.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HCV and HBV cause annually, 2000 deaths from liver cancer in Burkina Faso. In this country, serological screening of hepatitis viruses B and C is only systematic among blood donors. The aims of this study were; (1) to investigate the reasons for the prescription of the screening for hepatitis B and C; (2) to determine HCV and HBV prevalence among 462 patients attending the Saint Camille Centre and (3) to identify patients with acute hepatitis or with chronic hepatitis for better monitoring. From February to May 2012, 462 patients attending the laboratory of the Saint Camille Medical Centre with viral hepatitis suspicion were screened. The hepatitis B and C serological markers were detected through Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) technique using commercial reagent kits. The clinical symptoms were also recorded for each patient. The results revealed that, the main clinical symptoms that prompted physicians to request HBV and HCV screenings were: asthenia (39.4%), anorexia (21.2%), abdominal pains (19.0%), nausea (10.4%), others (10.0%). The prevalence of HbsAg was 29.4% among the screened people. Patients with acute hepatitis B, active chronic hepatitis B and non-active chronic hepatitis B represented 11.2, 2.2 and 16.0%, respectively. The acquisition of immunity against HBV after vaccination was attempted for 11.7% people. HCV prevalence was 3.9% and its coinfection with HBV was 2.2%. This study showed a high prevalence for hepatitis B and C among patients attending Saint Camille Medical Centre. Without hygiene education and HBV/HCV prevention, viral hepatitis infection will become a serious public health problem in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T A Zeba
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou 01 BP, 364 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Singer M. Development, coinfection, and the syndemics of pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infect Dis Poverty 2013; 2:26. [PMID: 24237997 PMCID: PMC4177213 DOI: 10.1186/2049-9957-2-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Notable among gaps in the achievement of the global health Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are shortcomings in addressing maternal health, an issue addressed in the fifth MDG. This shortfall is particularly acute in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where over half of all maternal deaths occur each year. While there is not as yet a comprehensive understanding of the biological and social causes of maternal death in SSA, it is evident that poverty, gendered economic marginalization, social disruptions, hindered access to care, unevenness in the quality of care, illegal and clandestine abortions, and infections are all critical factors. Beyond these factors, this paper presents a review of the existing literature on maternal health in SSA to argue that syndemics constitute a significant additional source of maternal morbidity and mortality in the region. Increasing focus on the nature, prevention, and treatment of syndemics, as a result, should be part and parcel of improving maternal health in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill Singer
- Department of Anthropology and Department of Community Medicine, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Bouare N, Gothot A, Delwaide J, Bontems S, Vaira D, Seidel L, Gerard P, Gerard C. Epidemiological profiles of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections in Malian women: Risk factors and relevance of disparities. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:196-205. [PMID: 23671724 PMCID: PMC3648651 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To document the epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Mali in order to develop prevention means for both diseases.
METHODS: Two prospective studies were conducted in Bamako in 2009 among 1000 pregnant women (i.e., young women) who consulted six reference health centers, and in 2010, among 231 older women who attended general practice in two hospitals. Antibody tests and molecular analysis (performed only for HCV) were used to quantify the frequencies of both infections. The data were collected from patients recruited through a questionnaire. Transmission risk factors of both diseases were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: HCV seroprevalence was 0.2% for young and 6.5% for older women. HIV prevalence was similar in both populations (4.1% vs 6.1%). In older women, the analysis of risk factors highlighted an association between HCV infection and episodes of hospitalization (P < 0.01). The study did not show an association between HIV infection and the variables such as hospitalization, transfusion, tattoo, dental care, and endoscopy. A significant decrease of HIV seroprevalence was detected in young women who used condoms for contraception more than for other purposes (P < 0.01). By contrast, HIV seroprevalence was significantly increased in young women using condoms mainly to prevent sexual infections rather than for contraception (P < 0.01). No HCV/HIV coinfection was detected in our study.
CONCLUSION: Risk factors and epidemiologic data of HIV and HCV as well as the absence of co-infection strongly suggest epidemiological disparities between these diseases.
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