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Zaid Y, Senhaji N, Bakhtaoui FZ, Serrano A, Serbati N, Karkouri M, Badre W, Oudghiri M, Martin J, Nadifi S. The PTPN22 C1858T (R620W) functional polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:783. [PMID: 30384859 PMCID: PMC6211604 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In view of the discrepant data regarding the association between the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) rs2476601 (R620W, 1858C→T) polymorphism and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we investigated whether this functional single-nucleotide polymorphism influences IBD risk in a group of Moroccan patients. Results This is the first report on the prevalence of PTPN22 (R620W) variant in a Moroccan cohort. No evidence of statistically significant differences was observed when the PTPN22 (R620W) allele and genotype distribution among IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and healthy controls were compared. The frequency of the variant allele in healthy subjects was 1.77% compared to 2.56% in the IBD patients and 1.85% in CD patients. Furthermore, the frequency of this allele was increased in UC patients compared to controls (4.17% vs. 1.77%, OR = 2.42, 95% CI 0.82–7.08; P = 0.09), but the difference was not statistically significant. Our data suggest a lack of association between PTPN22 R620W variant and IBD susceptibility in Moroccan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Zaid
- Research Center of Abulcasis University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Nezha Senhaji
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology (LGPM), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Aurora Serrano
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, P.T.S. Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nadia Serbati
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology (LGPM), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wafaa Badre
- Gastroenterology Department, CHU IbnRochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, P.T.S. Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sellama Nadifi
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology (LGPM), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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Viatte S, Lee JC, Fu B, Espéli M, Lunt M, De Wolf JNE, Wheeler L, Reynolds JA, Castelino M, Symmons DPM, Lyons PA, Barton A, Smith KGC. Association Between Genetic Variation in FOXO3 and Reductions in Inflammation and Disease Activity in Inflammatory Polyarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2629-2636. [PMID: 27214848 PMCID: PMC5091631 DOI: 10.1002/art.39760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Genetic variation in FOXO3 (tagged by rs12212067) has been associated with a milder course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and shown to limit monocyte‐driven inflammation through a transforming growth factor β1–dependent pathway. This genetic association, however, has not been consistently observed in other RA cohorts. We sought to clarify the contribution of FOXO3 to prognosis in RA by combining detailed analysis of nonradiographic disease severity measures with an in vivo model of arthritis. Methods Collagen‐induced arthritis, the most commonly used mouse model of RA, was used to assess how Foxo3 contributes to arthritis severity. Using clinical, serologic, and biochemical methods, the arthritis that developed in mice carrying a loss‐of‐function mutation in Foxo3 was compared with that which occurred in littermate controls. The association of rs12212067 with nonradiographic measures of RA severity, including the C‐reactive protein level, the swollen joint count, the tender joint count, the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire score, were modeled longitudinally in a large prospective cohort of patients with early RA. Results Loss of Foxo3 function resulted in more severe arthritis in vivo (both clinically and histologically) and was associated with higher titers of anticollagen antibodies and interleukin‐6 in the blood. Similarly, rs12212067 (a single‐nucleotide polymorphism that increases FOXO3 transcription) was associated with reduced inflammation, both biochemically and clinically, and with lower RA activity scores. Conclusion Consistent with its known role in restraining inflammatory responses, FOXO3 limits the severity of in vivo arthritis and, through genetic variation that increases its transcription, is associated with reduced inflammation and disease activity in RA patients, effects that result in less radiographic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C Lee
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Fu
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and University College London, London, UK
| | - Marion Espéli
- UMR 996, Inflammation, Chemokines, and Immunopathology, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Mark Lunt
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Deborah P M Symmons
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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Hedjoudje A, Cheurfa C, Briquez C, Zhang A, Koch S, Vuitton L. rs2476601 polymorphism in PTPN22 is associated with Crohn's disease but not with ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of 16,838 cases and 13,356 controls. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:197-208. [PMID: 28243041 PMCID: PMC5320033 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the rs2476601 polymorphism of PTPN22 has been reported to be a susceptibility gene for Crohn’s disease (CD), results from different studies vary and remain inconclusive. Also, no association has been found between rs2476601 and the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between this PTPN22 polymorphism (rs2476601) and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, UC and CD. Methods We performed a meta-analysis by identifying relevant candidate gene-based studies from EMBASE and MEDLINE. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of associations between rs2476601 and inflammatory bowel diseases, using a fixed effect or random effect model. Publication bias was also assessed. Results By pooling 14 different studies, 13,356 controls, 8182 patients with CD, and 8656 with UC were included. We found that the T allele of PTPN22 was not significantly associated with a higher risk of developing UC (OR 1.06, 95%CI 0.98-1.14) but was associated with a decreased risk of developing CD (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.17-1.40). The T allele in rs2476601 lowered the risk of CD by 22%. Conclusion This study shows that PTPN22 (rs2476601) is significantly associated with the risk of developing CD, but has no association with UC. This suggests that these diseases have different pathways involved in their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Hedjoudje
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton); Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris (Chérifa Cheurfa)
| | - Chérifa Cheurfa
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris (Chérifa Cheurfa); Anésthésie réanimation, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France (Chérifa Cheurfa)
| | - Clément Briquez
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton)
| | - Allen Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States (Allen Zhang)
| | - Stéphane Koch
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton)
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton)
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Interleukin-23R rs7517847 T/G Polymorphism Contributes to the Risk of Crohn's Disease in Caucasians: A Meta-Analysis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:279849. [PMID: 26090488 PMCID: PMC4451526 DOI: 10.1155/2015/279849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between Interleukin-23R gene polymorphism and Crohn's disease (CD) in Caucasians is still controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between this gene variant and CD risk. We retrieved the available data from EMBASE and PUBMED until May 1, 2014, and evaluated the effect of rs7517847 in Caucasians. The significant associations were confirmed between rs7517847 and CD risk in dominant models (TT/TG versus GG: OR = 1.652, 95% CI 1.277, 2.137), allelic model (T allele versus G allele: OR = 1.327, 95% CI 1.198, 1.469), homozygote comparison (TT versus GG: OR = 1.890, 95% CI 1.465, 2.437), heterozygote comparison (TG versus GG: OR = 1.509, 95% CI 1.161, 1.960), and recessive model (TT versus TG/GG: OR = 1.409, 95% CI 1.279, 1.552). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that rs7517847 is associated with the risk of CD in Caucasians. These findings show that IL-23R genes confer susceptibility to CD in the Caucasians.
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Guo CC, Deng Y, Ye H, Zhu YZ, Zheng XB. Role of MAPK signaling pathways in inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:229-235. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i2.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of highly conserved serine protein kinases which are distributed in the cytoplasm. MAPK signal transduction pathways play a major role in inflammatory reactions and have a close relation with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They could be involved in the regulation of inflammatory mediators as well as IBD-associated genes. This paper reviews the role of MAPK signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD, aiming at providing a new method for the treatment of IBD.
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Gupta U, Mir SS, Chauhan T, Garg N, Agarwal SK, Pande S, Mittal B. Influence of protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTPN22) polymorphisms on rheumatic heart disease susceptibility in North Indian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:492-6. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Gupta
- Department of Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - S. S. Mir
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - T. Chauhan
- Department of Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - N. Garg
- Department of Cardiology; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - S. K. Agarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - S. Pande
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - B. Mittal
- Department of Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many aspects of autoimmune disease are not well understood, including the specificities of autoimmune targets, and patterns of co-morbidity and cross-heritability across diseases. Prior work has provided evidence that somatic mutation caused by gene conversion and deletion at segmentally duplicated loci is relevant to several diseases. Simple tandem repeat (STR) sequence is highly mutable, both somatically and in the germ-line, and somatic STR mutations are observed under inflammation. RESULTS Protein-coding genes spanning STRs having markers of mutability, including germ-line variability, high total length, repeat count and/or repeat similarity, are evaluated in the context of autoimmunity. For the initiation of autoimmune disease, antigens whose autoantibodies are the first observed in a disease, termed primary autoantigens, are informative. Three primary autoantigens, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), phogrin (PTPRN2) and filaggrin (FLG), include STRs that are among the eleven longest STRs spanned by protein-coding genes. This association of primary autoantigens with long STR sequence is highly significant (p<3.0x10(-7)). Long STRs occur within twenty genes that are associated with sixteen common autoimmune diseases and atherosclerosis. The repeat within the TTC34 gene is an outlier in terms of length and a link with systemic lupus erythematosus is proposed. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that many autoimmune diseases are triggered by immune responses to proteins whose DNA sequence mutates somatically in a coherent, consistent fashion. Other autoimmune diseases may be caused by coherent somatic mutations in immune cells. The coherent somatic mutation hypothesis has the potential to be a comprehensive explanation for the initiation of many autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Andrew Ross
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Meta-analysis reveals an association of PTPN22 C1858T with autoimmune diseases, which depends on the localization of the affected tissue. Genes Immun 2012; 13:641-52. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Diaz-Gallo LM, Espino-Paisán L, Fransen K, Gómez-García M, van Sommeren S, Cardeña C, Rodrigo L, Mendoza JL, Taxonera C, Nieto A, Alcain G, Cueto I, López-Nevot MA, Bottini N, Barclay ML, Crusius JB, van Bodegraven AA, Wijmenga C, Ponsioen CY, Gearry RB, Roberts RL, Weersma RK, Urcelay E, Merriman TR, Alizadeh BZ, Martin J. Differential association of two PTPN22 coding variants with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2287-94. [PMID: 21287672 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PTPN22 gene is an important risk factor for human autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the role of the R263Q PTPN22 polymorphism in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and to reevaluate the association of the R620W PTPN22 polymorphism with both diseases. METHODS A total of 1677 UC patients, 1903 CD patients, and 3111 healthy controls from an initial case-control set of Spanish Caucasian ancestry and two independent sample sets of European ancestry (Dutch and New Zealand) were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan SNP assays for the R263Q (rs33996649) and R620W (rs2476601) PTPN22 polymorphisms. Meta-analysis was performed on 6977 CD patients, 5695 UC patients, and 9254 controls to test the overall effect of the minor allele of R620W and R263Q polymorphisms. RESULTS The PTPN22 263Q loss-of-function variant showed initial evidence of association with UC in the Spanish cohort (P = 0.026, odds ratio [OR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39-0.95), which was confirmed in the meta-analysis (P = 0.013 pooled, OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51-0.93). In contrast, the 263Q allele showed no association with CD (P = 0.22 pooled, OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47). We found in the pooled analysis that the PTPN22 620W gain-of-function variant was associated with reduced risk of CD (P = 7.4E-06 pooled OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75-0.89) but not of UC (P = 0.88 pooled, OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.85-1.15). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that two autoimmunity-associated polymorphisms of the PTPN22 gene are differentially associated with CD and UC. The R263Q polymorphism only associated with UC, whereas the R620W was significantly associated with only CD.
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Zervou MI, Castro-Giner F, Sidiropoulos P, Boumpas DT, Tosca AD, Krueger-Krasagakis S. The protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 R620W polymorphism does not confer susceptibility to psoriasis in the genetic homogeneous population of Crete. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:107-11. [PMID: 20039785 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent whole-genome and candidate-gene association studies in patients with psoriasis (PS) have identified a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that predispose to disease with moderate risk. Predisposition to PS is known to be affected by genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen-C as well as other non-human leukocyte antigen genes. We recently reported for the first time as a PS-associated SNP the signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT4) rs7574865 polymorphism, which is also associated with several autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess whether the functional R620W polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encoding the lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase, which is known to be associated with various autoimmune diseases, also confers increased risk for PS in the genetic homogeneous population of Crete. A case-control study was performed with 173 PS patients consecutively recruited and 348 healthy controls, all of them from the island of Crete. We found that the mutated T allele of the PTPN22 1858T SNP was more common in control individuals than in patients with PS (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.11-1.04, p = 0.09). No considerable difference was observed in terms of sex, age of onset, or clinical presentation of psoriatic arthritis. Our results provide evidence that the PTPN22 1858T allele is not a susceptibility factor for PS in the Cretan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Zervou
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Morgan AR, Han DY, Huebner C, Lam WJ, Fraser AG, Ferguson LR. PTPN2 but not PTPN22 is associated with Crohn's disease in a New Zealand population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:119-25. [PMID: 20403149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have provided evidence for the involvement of the genes PTPN2 and PTPN22 in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated whether genetic variants in these genes were associated with CD in a New Zealand population. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2542151 (PTPN2) and rs2476601 (PTPN22) were genotyped in 315 CD cases and 481 controls. In this sample, we were able to confirm an association between CD and PTPN2 (genotypic P = 0.019 and allelic P = 0.011), and phenotypic analysis showed an association of this SNP with late age at first diagnosis, inflammatory and penetrating CD behaviour, requirement of bowel resection and being a smoker at diagnosis. There was no evidence for an association with PTPN22.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Morgan
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Chagastelles PC, Romitti M, Trein MR, Bandinelli E, Tschiedel B, Nardi NB. Association between the 1858T allele of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 and type 1 diabetes in a Brazilian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:144-8. [PMID: 20331840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 1858T allele of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) gene has been associated to diabetes in different populations. We investigated a possible relationship between this polymorphism and type 1 diabetes in a cohort of Brazilian patients. A significantly higher frequency of the 1858T allele was observed in diabetic patients (n = 211) than in control individuals (n = 241). Additionally, the heterozygote genotype was also increased in the diabetic group. No association was observed between the PTPN22 T allele and gender, or between T carriers and age of onset of T1D. This work describes for the first time a strong association of the 1858T allele with type 1 diabetes in a Brazilian population, reinforcing the role of this variant as an important susceptibility factor for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Chagastelles
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Stanford SM, Mustelin TM, Bottini N. Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase and autoimmunity: human genetics rediscovers tyrosine phosphatases. Semin Immunopathol 2010; 32:127-36. [PMID: 20204370 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-010-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A relatively large number of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to regulate signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Recent human genetics studies have shown that several of these PTPs are encoded by major autoimmunity genes. Here, we will focus on the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a critical negative modulator of TCR signaling encoded by the PTPN22 gene. The functional analysis of autoimmune-associated PTPN22 genetic variants suggests that genetic variability of TCR signal transduction contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Sfar I, Aleya WB, Mouelhi L, Aouadi H, Rhomdhane TB, Makhlouf M, Ayed-Jendoubi S, Gargaoui H, Najjar T, Abdallah TB, Ayed K, Gorgi Y. Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase R620W variant and inflammatory bowel disease in Tunisia. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:479-83. [PMID: 20101775 PMCID: PMC2811802 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the possible association between PTPN22 (R620W) gene polymorphism and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS: One hundred and sixty-four patients with IBD [105 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 59 ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 100 healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping of the PTPN22 gene 1858C→T polymorphism was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction with RsaI digestion.
RESULTS: The genotypic and allelic frequencies of (R620W) PTPN22 gene polymorphism reveal a significant association of the PTPN22 620-W allele with IBD, compared to the healthy control group (OR: 17.81, 95% CI: 4.18-21.86, P = 0.00001). Nevertheless, no difference in this polymorphism was found between CD and UC patients. No significant association was found between the frequencies of genotypes of the PTPN22 gene with either the clinical features such as sex, age, age at disease onset, and extent of colitis, or the production of serological markers (anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody in CD and perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in UC).
CONCLUSION: These observations confirm the association of IBD susceptibility with the PTPN22 1858T (620-W) allele in Tunisian patients.
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Hradsky O, Lenicek M, Dusatkova P, Bronsky J, Nevoral J, Valtrova V, Kotalova R, Szitanyi P, Petro R, Starzykova V, Bortlik M, Vitek L, Lukas M, Cinek O. Variants of CARD15, TNFA and PTPN22 and susceptibility to Crohn's disease in the Czech population: high frequency of the CARD15 1007fs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:538-47. [PMID: 18489434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) has been shown to be associated with the variants in the CARD15 gene as well as in other genes involved in the immune response. The frequencies of the variants profoundly differ among populations and so does the associated risk. We examined the associations of variants in the CARD15, TNFA and PTPN22 genes with pediatric-onset and adult-onset CD in the Czech population. Genotype, phenotype and allelic frequencies were compared between 345 patients with CD (136 pediatric-onset and 209 adult-onset patients) and 501 unrelated healthy controls. At least one minor allele of the CARD15 gene was carried by 46% patients and only 21% control subjects (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.4-4.4). In a multiple logistic regression model, the strongest association with CD was found for the 1007fs variant (OR = 4.6, 95% CI 3.0-7.0), followed by p.G908R (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.7) and p.R702W (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.9), while no independent association was found for the remaining variants in the CARD15 gene (p.268S, p.955I and p.289S), for the p.R620W variant in the PTPN22 gene or for the g.-308G>A variant in the TNFA gene. The age at CD onset was strongly modified by positivity for the 1007fs allele: it was present in 42% pediatric-onset and only 25% adult-onset patients. In conclusion, we report a high frequency of the minor allele of the CARD15 1007fs polymorphism in the Czech population and a strong effect of this allele on the age at disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hradsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vang T, Miletic AV, Arimura Y, Tautz L, Rickert RC, Mustelin T. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2008; 26:29-55. [PMID: 18303998 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important regulators of many cellular functions and a growing number of PTPs have been implicated in human disease conditions, such as developmental defects, neoplastic disorders, and immunodeficiency. Here, we review the involvement of PTPs in human autoimmunity. The leading examples include the allelic variant of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22), which is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, and mutations that affect the exon-intron splicing of CD45 (PTPRC). We also find it likely that additional PTPs are involved in susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Finally, we discuss the possibility that PTPs regulating the immune system may serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torkel Vang
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Costenbader KH, Chang SC, De Vivo I, Plenge R, Karlson EW. Genetic polymorphisms in PTPN22, PADI-4, and CTLA-4 and risk for rheumatoid arthritis in two longitudinal cohort studies: evidence of gene-environment interactions with heavy cigarette smoking. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R52. [PMID: 18462498 PMCID: PMC2483441 DOI: 10.1186/ar2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction PTPN22, PADI-4, and CTLA-4 have been associated with risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated whether polymorphisms in these genes were associated with RA in Caucasian women included in two large prospective cohorts, adjusting for confounding factors and testing for interactions with smoking. Methods We studied RA risk associated with PTPN22 (rs2476601), PADI-4 (rs2240340), and CTLA-4 (rs3087243) in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Participants in NHS were aged 30 to 55 years at entry in 1976; those in NHSII were aged 25 to 42 years at entry in 1989. We confirmed incident RA cases through to 2002 in NHS and to 2003 in NHSII by questionnaire and medical record review. We excluded reports not confirmed as RA. In a nested case-control design involving participants for whom there were samples for genetic analyses (45% of NHS and 25% of NHSII), each incident RA case was matched to a participant without RA by year of birth, menopausal status, and postmenopausal hormone use. Genotyping was performed using Taqman single nucleotide polymorphism allelic discrimination on the ABI 7900 HT (Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404 USA) with published primers. Human leukocyte antigen shared epitope (HLA-SE) genotyping was performed at high resolution. We employed conditional logistic regression analyses, adjusting for smoking and reproductive factors. We tested for additive and multiplicative interactions between each genotype and smoking. Results A total of 437 incident RA cases were matched to healthy female control individuals. Mean (± standard deviation) age at RA diagnosis was 55 (± 10), 57% of RA cases were rheumatoid factor (RF) positive, and 31% had radiographic erosions at diagnosis. PTPN22 was associated with increased RA risk (pooled odds ratio in multivariable dominant model = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 2.08). The risk was stronger for RF-positive than for RF-negative RA. A significant multiplicative interaction between PTPN22 and smoking for more than 10 pack-years was observed (P = 0.04). CTLA-4 and PADI-4 genotypes were not associated with RA risk in the pooled results (pooled odds ratios in multivariable dominant models: 1.27 [95% CI = 0.88 to 1.84] for CTLA-4 and 1.04 [95% CI = 0.77 to 1.40] for PADI-4). No gene-gene interaction was observed between PTPN22 and HLA-SE. Conclusion After adjusting for smoking and reproductive factors, PTPN22 was associated with RA risk among Caucasian women in these cohorts. We found both additive and multiplicative interactions between PTPN22 and heavy cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
A functional variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) has recently been shown to be associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune thyroid disease. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of this gene and its disease-associated polymorphisms. In addition, we review the studies investigating the association between this gene and SLE, along with other autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/enzymology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Polymorphism, Genetic/immunology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/immunology
- Thyroid Diseases/enzymology
- Thyroid Diseases/genetics
- Thyroid Diseases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Chung
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Alizadeh BZ, Koeleman BPC. Genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 387:9-17. [PMID: 17963738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes is a serious complex disease caused by several environmental and genetic factors. It is one of most common childhood diseases, requires life-long treatment, and is associated with increased mortality, mainly due to complications that occur later in life. More than three decades of genetic studies have identified several genetic disease variants and a longer list of putative associated genetic loci. These findings have greatly increased our understanding of the genetic background of T1D and have encouraged the development of genetic tools for mapping complex diseases. Here we review the wealth of data on T1D and discuss the major genetic polymorphisms involved in the disease. We place some putative genetic risk factors in perspective and look at those still to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Latiano A, Palmieri O, Valvano MR, Bossa F, Latiano T, Corritore G, DeSanto E, Andriulli A, Annese V. Evaluating the role of the genetic variations of PTPN22, NFKB1, and FcGRIIIA genes in inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13:1212-9. [PMID: 17600378 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested several polymorphisms of genes involved in the mucosal immune system in a population of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to investigate their possible implication in disease predisposition. METHODS Polymorphisms of 3 candidate genes (PTPN22, NFkB1, and FcGRIIIA) were investigated in 649 IBD patients (343 with Crohn's disease [CD] and 306 with ulcerative colitis [UC]), 176 unaffected relatives, and 256 healthy controls. Allele and genotype frequencies were correlated with clinical characteristics and major variants of the CARD15 gene. Our findings were pooled in a meta-analysis with the available studies in the literature. RESULTS No significant difference for the PTPN22 and NFkB1 variants was found. In contrast, allele and genotype frequencies of the G559T allele of the FcGRIIIA gene were significantly different in CD patients compared to controls (allele T 12% versus 8%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.35; GT genotype 23% versus 16%, OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.08-2.5). However, no significant overtransmission of the T allele was confirmed at the family-based analysis. For all genes, neither an interaction with CARD15 gene, nor a significant difference at genotype/phenotype analysis was demonstrated, included response to medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Although involved in autoimmune diseases, the PTPN22 and NFkB1 genes do not seem involved in the IBD predisposition, also according to meta-analysis results. The association with the G559T polymorphism of the FcGRIIIA gene in CD patients deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Latiano
- Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia e Laboratorio di Ricerca Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Karlson EW, Chibnik LB, Cui J, Plenge RM, Glass RJ, Maher NE, Parker A, Roubenoff R, Izmailova E, Coblyn JS, Weinblatt ME, Shadick NA. Associations between human leukocyte antigen, PTPN22, CTLA4 genotypes and rheumatoid arthritis phenotypes of autoantibody status, age at diagnosis and erosions in a large cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 67:358-63. [PMID: 17666451 PMCID: PMC2945890 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (HLA-SE), PTPN22 and CTLA4 alleles are associated with cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE We examined associations between HLA-SE, PTPN22, CTLA4 genotypes and RA phenotypes in a large cohort to (a) replicate prior associations with CCP status, and (b) determine associations with radiographic erosions and age of diagnosis. METHODS A total of 689 RA patients from the Brigham RA Sequential Study (BRASS) were genotyped for HLA-SE, PTPN22 (rs2476601) and CTLA4 (rs3087243). Association between genotypes and CCP, rheumatoid factor (RF) erosive phenotypes and age at diagnosis were assessed with multivariable models adjusting for age, sex and disease duration. Novel causal pathway analysis was used to test the hypothesis that genetic risk factors and CCP are in the causal pathway for predicting erosions. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, presence of any HLA-SE was strongly associated with CCP+ (odds ratio (OR) 3.05, 95% CI 2.18-4.25), and RF+ (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.83-3.5) phenotypes; presence of any PTPN22 T allele was associated with CCP+ (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.24-2.66) and RF+ phenotypes (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.27-2.66). CTLA4 was not associated with CCP or RF phenotypes. While HLA-SE was associated with erosive RA phenotype (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01-2.17), this was no longer significant after conditioning on CCP. PTPN22 and CTLA4 were not associated with erosive phenotype. Presence of any HLA-SE was associated with an average 3.6 years earlier diagnosis compared with absence of HLA-SE (41.3 vs 44.9 years, p = 0.002) and PTPN22 was associated with a 4.2 years earlier age of diagnosis (39.5 vs 43.6 years, p = 0.002). CTLA4 genotypes were not associated with age at diagnosis of RA. CONCLUSIONS In this large clinical cohort, we replicated the association between HLA-SE and PTPN22, but not CTLA4 with CCP+ and RF+ phenotypes. We also found evidence for associations between HLA-SE, and PTPN22 and earlier age at diagnosis. Since HLA-SE is associated with erosive phenotype in unconditional analysis, but is not significant after conditioning on CCP, this suggests that CCP is in the causal pathway for predicting erosive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Karlson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
The 620W allelic variant of the intracellular tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN22, is associated with a number of different autoimmune disorders, and this provides direct evidence for common mechanisms underlying many of these diseases. The associated allele appears to influence thresholds for T cell receptor signaling, and a variety of disease models involving both central and peripheral tolerance can be proposed. However, given the fact that PTPN22 is expressed in a variety of immunologically relevant cell types, the precise mechanisms for these associations remain unclear. In general, the PTPN22 620W allele appears to play a role in autoimmune disorders that have a prominent humoral component, suggesting that further investigation of PTPN22 activity in B cells will be useful. From a genetic perspective, the data highlights the genetic heterogeneity underlying autoimmunity in different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States.
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Traherne JA, Barcellos LF, Sawcer SJ, Compston A, Ramsay PP, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Trowsdale J. Association of the truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2 with multiple sclerosis is secondary to HLA-DRB1*15. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 15:155-61. [PMID: 16321988 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15 (DR2) haplotype is strongly associated with risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). The primary susceptibility has been localized to only approximately 200 kb encompassing the HLA-DR and -DQ loci. Further dissection of disease association with this region is demanding because of the high levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Recently, evidence was obtained for the involvement of a gene, potentially encoding an immune co-receptor, in another DR2-associated inflammatory condition, sarcoidosis. The implicated gene, BTNL2, is adjacent to DR and is in strong LD with HLA-DRB1. This fact, combined with a sequence relationship between BTNL2 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, an autoantigen associated with MS, makes the gene an attractive candidate. To determine whether BTNL2 contributes to MS, we genotyped 1136 well-characterized MS families from the UK and the USA, as well as an African-American case-control data set, making this among the largest genetic studies in MS. Family-based and case-control association studies were performed for the BTNL2 and HLA-DRB1 loci. In all family data sets, the protein-truncating allele of BTNL2, implicated in sarcoidosis, was significantly over-transmitted to cases (combined data sets: global P=2.4x10(-11)). Given that the protein-truncating allele of BTNL2 virtually always occurred with DRB1*15, an effect could only be tested in DRB1*15-negative individuals or pedigrees. However, despite adequate power to detect an independent association, no difference in transmission of BTNL2 alleles or genotypes was observed in DRB1*15-negative individuals with MS. Conditional logistic regression modeling also strongly supported the conclusion that BTNL2 does not confer additional disease risk. The association of BTNL2 with MS observed in the African-American data set was also secondary to the primary DRB1*15 association.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Traherne
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK.
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