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Sukumaran S, Tan M, Ben-Uliel SF, Zhang H, De Zotti M, Chua MS, So SK, Qvit N. Rational design, synthesis and structural characterization of peptides and peptidomimetics to target Hsp90/Cdc37 interaction for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3159-3172. [PMID: 37304004 PMCID: PMC10250827 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37) work together as a molecular chaperone complex to regulate the activity of a multitude of client protein kinases. These kinases belong to a wide array of intracellular signaling networks that mediate multiple cellular processes including proliferation. As a result, Hsp90 and Cdc37 represent innovative therapeutic targets in various cancers (such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) in which their expression levels are elevated. Conventional small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors act by blocking the conserved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site. However, by targeting less conserved sites in a more specific manner, peptides and peptidomimetics (modified peptides) hold potential as more efficacious and less toxic alternatives to the conventional small molecule inhibitors. Using a rational approach, we herein developed bioactive peptides targeting Hsp90/Cdc37 interaction. A six amino acid linear peptide derived from Cdc37, KTGDEK, was designed to target Hsp90. We used in silico computational docking to first define its mode of interaction, and binding orientation, and then conjugated the peptide with a cell penetrating peptide, TAT, and a fluorescent dye to confirm its ability to colocalize with Hsp90 in HCC cells. Based on the parent linear sequence, we developed a peptidomimetics library of pre-cyclic and cyclic derivatives. These peptidomimetics were evaluated for their binding affinity to Hsp90, and bioactivity in HCC cell lines. Among them, a pre-cyclic peptidomimetic demonstrates high binding affinity and bioactivity in HCC cells, causing reduced cell proliferation that is associated with induction of cell apoptosis, and down-regulation of phosphorylated MEK1/2. Overall, this generalized approach of rational design, structural optimization, and cellular validation of 'drug-like' peptidomimetics against Hsp90/Cdc37 offers a feasible and promising way to design novel therapeutic agents for malignancies and other diseases that are dependent on this molecular chaperone complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Sukumaran
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Mingdian Tan
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shulamit Fluss Ben-Uliel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Hui Zhang
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel K. So
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel
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2
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De Novo Development of Mitochondria-Targeted Molecular Probes Targeting Pink1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116076. [PMID: 35682755 PMCID: PMC9181014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play central roles in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis, cell survival and cell death, and generate most of the cell’s energy. Mitochondria maintain their homeostasis by dynamic (fission and fusion) and quality control mechanisms, including mitophagy, the removal of damaged mitochondria that is mediated mainly by the Pink1/Parkin pathway. Pink1 is a serine/threonine kinase which regulates mitochondrial function, hitherto many molecular mechanisms underlying Pink1 activity in mitochondrial homeostasis and cell fate remain unknown. Peptides are vital biological mediators that demonstrate remarkable potency, selectivity, and low toxicity, yet they have two major limitations, low oral bioavailability and poor stability. Herein, we rationally designed a linear peptide that targets Pink1 and, using straightforward chemistry, we developed molecular probes with drug-like properties to further characterize Pink1. Initially, we conjugated a cell-penetrating peptide and a cross-linker to map Pink1’s 3D structure and its interaction sites. Next, we conjugated a fluorescent dye for cell-imaging. Finally, we developed cyclic peptides with improved stability and binding affinity. Overall, we present a facile approach to converting a non-permeable linear peptide into a research tool possessing important properties for therapeutics. This is a general approach using straightforward chemistry that can be tailored for various applications by numerous laboratories.
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Lam PL, Wu Y, Wong KL. Incorporation of Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH during solid-phase peptide synthesis: a word of caution. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2601-2604. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a commercially available and orthogonally protected amino acid building block, Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH showed abnormally poor coupling efficiency during solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Lun Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Spears RJ, McMahon C, Chudasama V. Cysteine protecting groups: applications in peptide and protein science. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11098-11155. [PMID: 34605832 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protecting group chemistry for the cysteine thiol group has enabled a vast array of peptide and protein chemistry over the last several decades. Increasingly sophisticated strategies for the protection, and subsequent deprotection, of cysteine have been developed, facilitating synthesis of complex disulfide-rich peptides, semisynthesis of proteins, and peptide/protein labelling in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we analyse and discuss the 60+ individual protecting groups reported for cysteine, highlighting their applications in peptide synthesis and protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clíona McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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5
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Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis of Oxytocin and Analogues. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2384:175-199. [PMID: 34550575 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1759-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis is the most commonly used method for the production of peptides. In this chapter, we outline the standard operating procedures used in our laboratory to efficiently access oxytocin-like peptides. This includes detailed descriptions of equipment setup, reagent selection, peptide assembly on solid support, peptide side chain deprotection and cleavage from the solid support, oxidative folding, purification, and analysis.
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6
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Wester A, Hansen AM, Hansen PR, Franzyk H. Perfluoro-tert-butanol for selective on-resin detritylation: a mild alternative to traditionally used methods. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1455-1466. [PMID: 34410506 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of cyclic, branched or side-chain-modified peptides typically involves introduction of a residue carrying a temporary side-chain protecting group that undergoes selective on-resin removal. In particular, Nα-Fmoc-Nε-(4-methyltriphenylmethyl) (Mtt)-protected lysine and its shorter analogues are commercially available and extensively used in this context. Nevertheless, rapid reliable methods for on-resin removal of Mtt groups in the presence of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) groups are needed. Current commonly used conditions involve low concentrations (1-3%) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in dichloromethane, albeit adjustment to each specific application is required to avoid premature removal of Boc groups or cleavage from the linker. Hence, a head-to-head comparison of several deprotection conditions was performed. The selected acids represent a wide range of acidity from TFA to trifluoroethanol. Also, on-resin removal of the N-(4-methoxytriphenylmethyl) (Mmt) and O-trityl groups (on serine) was investigated under similar conditions. The mildest conditions identified for Mtt deprotection involve successive treatments with 30% hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) or 30% perfluoro-tert-butanol [(CF3)3COH] in dichloromethane (3 × 5 or 3 × 15 min, respectively), while 30% HFIP, 30% (CF3)3COH, or 10% AcOH-20% trifluoroethanol (TFE) in CH2Cl2 (3 × 5 min) as well as 5% trichloroacetic acid in CH2Cl2 (3 × 2 min) enabled Mmt removal. Treatment with 1% TFA with/without 2% triisopropylsilane added (3 × 5 min), but also prolonged treatment with 30% (CF3)3COH (5 × 15 min), led to selective deprotection of an O-Trt group on a serine residue. In all cases, the sequences also contained N-Boc or O-tBu protecting groups, which were not affected by 30% HFIP or 30% (CF3)3COH even after a prolonged reaction time of 4 h. Finally, the optimized conditions involving HFIP or (CF3)3COH proved applicable also for selective deprotection of a longer resin-bound peptide [i.e., Ac-Gly-Leu-Leu-Lys(Mtt)-Arg(Pbf)-Ile-Lys(Boc)-Ser(tBu)-Leu-Leu-RAM-PS] as well as allowed for an almost complete deprotection of a Dab(Mtt) residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wester
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Mette Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul R Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Artiukhov AV, Kolesanova EF, Boyko AI, Chashnikova AA, Gnedoy SN, Kaehne T, Ivanova DA, Kolesnichenko AV, Aleshin VA, Bunik VI. Preparation of Affinity Purified Antibodies against ε-Glutaryl-Lysine Residues in Proteins for Investigation of Glutarylated Proteins in Animal Tissues. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081168. [PMID: 34439834 PMCID: PMC8394851 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutarylation of lysine residues in proteins attracts attention as a possible mechanism of metabolic regulation, perturbed in pathologies. The visualization of protein glutarylation by antibodies specific to ε-glutaryl-lysine residues may be particularly useful to reveal pathogenic mutations in the relevant enzymes. We purified such antibodies from the rabbit antiserum, obtained after sequential immunization with two artificially glutarylated proteins, using affinity chromatography on ε-glutaryl-lysine-containing sorbents. Employing these anti(ε-glutaryl-lysine)-antibodies for the immunoblotting analysis of rat tissues and mitochondria has demonstrated the sample-specific patterns of protein glutarylation. The study of the protein glutarylation in rat tissue homogenates revealed a time-dependent fragmentation of glutarylated proteins in these preparations. The process may complicate the investigation of potential changes in the acylation level of specific protein bands when studying time-dependent effects of the acylation regulators. In the rat brain, the protein glutarylation, succinylation and acetylation patterns obtained upon the immunoblotting of the same sample with the corresponding antibodies are shown to differ. Specific combinations of molecular masses of major protein bands in the different acylation patterns confirm the selectivity of the anti(ε-glutaryl-lysine)-antibodies obtained in this work. Hence, our affinity-purified anti(ε-glutaryllysine)-antibodies provide an effective tool to characterize protein glutarylation, revealing its specific pattern, compared to acetylation and succinylation, in complex protein mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V. Artiukhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.C.); (V.A.A.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina F. Kolesanova
- Laboratory of Peptide Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8, Pogodinskaya ul., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.I.); (A.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.K.); (V.I.B.); Tel.: +7-499-246-3375 (E.F.K.)
| | - Aleksandra I. Boyko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.C.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Anastasiya A. Chashnikova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.C.); (V.A.A.)
| | | | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Daria A. Ivanova
- Laboratory of Peptide Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8, Pogodinskaya ul., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Alyona V. Kolesnichenko
- Laboratory of Peptide Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8, Pogodinskaya ul., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.C.); (V.A.A.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.C.); (V.A.A.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.F.K.); (V.I.B.); Tel.: +7-499-246-3375 (E.F.K.)
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8
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Jiang Y, Liu S, Tian G, Cheung HJH, Li X, Li XD. Concise solid-phase synthesis enables derivatisation of YEATS domain cyclopeptide inhibitors for improved cellular uptake. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 45:116342. [PMID: 34364221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
YEATS domains, which are newly identified epigenetic readers of histone lysine acetylation and crotonylation, have emerged as promising anti-cancer drug targets. We recently developed AF9 YEATS domain-selective cyclopeptide inhibitors. However, the cumbersome and time-consuming synthesis of the cyclopeptides limited further structural derivatisation and applications. Here, we reported a concise method for the solid-phase synthesis of the cyclopeptides, which substantially reduced the amount of time required for the preparation of the cyclopeptides and led to a higher overall yield. Moreover, this new synthetic route also allowed further derivatisation of the cyclopeptides with various functional modules, including fluorescent dye and cell-penetrating peptide. We demonstrated that the conjugation of the cyclopeptide with cell-penetrating peptide TAT led to a significantly increased cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gaofei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hayden Jit Hei Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Novel Cell Permeable Polymers of N-Substituted L-2,3-Diaminopropionic Acid (DAPEGs) and Cellular Consequences of Their Interactions with Nucleic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052571. [PMID: 33806461 PMCID: PMC7961587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize novel polycationic polymers composed of N-substituted L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid residues (DAPEGs) and investigate their cell permeability, cytotoxicity, and DNA-binding ability. The most efficient cell membrane-penetrating compounds (O2Oc-Dap(GO2)n-O2Oc-NH2, where n = 4, 6, and 8) showed dsDNA binding with a binding constant in the micromolar range (0.3, 3.4, and 0.19 µM, respectively) and were not cytotoxic to HB2 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Selected compounds used in the transfection of a GFP plasmid showed high transfection efficacy and minimal cytotoxicity. Their interaction with plasmid DNA and the increasing length of the main chain of tested compounds strongly influenced the organization and shape of the flower-like nanostructures formed, which were unique for 5/6-FAM-O2Oc-[Dap(GO2)]8-O2Oc-NH2 and typical for large proteins.
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10
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Winkler DFH. Automated Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2103:59-94. [PMID: 31879919 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of solid-phase peptide synthesis by Bruce Merrifield paved the way for a synthesis carried out by machines. Automated peptide synthesis is a fast and convenient way of synthesizing many peptides simultaneously. This chapter tries to give a general guidance for the development of synthesis protocols for the peptide synthesizer. It also provides some suggestions for the modification of the synthesized peptides. Additionally, many examples of possible challenges during and after the synthesis are given in order to support the reader in finding the best synthesis strategy. Numerous references are given to many of the described matters.
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11
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Hsu WY, Masuda T, Afonin S, Sakai T, Arafiles JVV, Kawano K, Hirose H, Imanishi M, Ulrich AS, Futaki S. Enhancing the activity of membrane remodeling epsin-peptide by trimerization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127190. [PMID: 32317210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the structural dynamics of biomembranes by inducing bilayer curvature and lipid packing defects has been highlighted as a practical tool to modify membrane-dependent cellular processes. Previously, we have reported on an amphipathic helical peptide derived from the N-terminal segment (residues 1-18, EpN18) of epsin-1, which can promote membrane remodeling including lipid packing defects in cell membranes. However, a high concentration is required to exhibit a pronounced effect. In this study, we demonstrate a significant increase in the membrane-remodeling effect of EpN18 by constructing a branched EpN18 homotrimer. Both monomer and trimer could enhance cell internalization of octaarginine (R8), a cell-penetrating peptide. The EpN18 trimer, however, promoted the uptake of R8 at an 80-fold lower concentration than the monomer. Analysis of the generalized polarization of a polarity-sensitive dye (di-4-ANEPPDHQ) revealed a higher efficacy of trimeric EpN18 in loosening the lipid packing in the cell membrane. Circular dichroism measurements in the presence of lipid vesicles showed that the EpN18 trimer has a higher α-helix content compared with the monomer. The stronger ability of the EpN18 trimer to impede negative bilayer curvature is also corroborated by solid-state 31P NMR spectroscopy. Hence, trimerizing peptides can be considered a promising approach for an exponential enhancement of their membrane-remodeling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Hsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Masuda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O.B. 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O.B. 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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12
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Sakai T, Kawano K, Iino M, Takeuchi T, Imanishi M, Futaki S. Loosening of Lipid Packing by Cell‐Surface Recruitment of Amphiphilic Peptides by Coiled‐Coil Tethering. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2151-2159. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sakai
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Masatomo Iino
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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13
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Rintelmann CL, Grinnage-Pulley T, Ross K, Kabotso DEK, Toepp A, Cowell A, Petersen C, Narasimhan B, Pohl N. Design and synthesis of multivalent α-1,2-trimannose-linked bioerodible microparticles for applications in immune response studies of Leishmania major infection. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:623-632. [PMID: 30931004 PMCID: PMC6423605 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, currently infects approximately 12 million people worldwide with 1 to 2 million new cases each year in predominately underdeveloped countries. The treatment of the disease is severely underdeveloped due to the ability of the Leishmania pathogen to evade and abate immune responses. In an effort to develop anti-leishmaniasis vaccines and adjuvants, novel carbohydrate-based probes were made to study the mechanisms of immune modulation. In this study, a new bioerodible polyanhydride microparticle was designed and conjugated with a glycodendrimer molecular probe. This molecular probe incorporates a pathogen-like multivalent display of α-1,2-trimannose, for which a more efficient synthesis was designed, with a tethered fluorophore. Further attachment of the glycodendrimer to a biocompatible, surface eroding microparticle allows for targeted uptake and internalization of the pathogen-associated oligosaccharide by phagocytic immune cells. The α-1,2-trimannose-linked bioerodible microparticles were found to be safe after administration into the footpad of mice and demonstrated a similar response to α-1,2-trimannose-coated latex beads during L. major footpad infection. Furthermore, the bioerodible microparticles allowed for investigation of the role of pathogen-associated oligosaccharides for recognition by pathogen-recognition receptors during L. major-induced leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Rintelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA
| | - Tara Grinnage-Pulley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 105 River Street, S444 CPHB, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.,Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, 2500 Crosspark Road, MTF B166 Coralville, Iowa 52241, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, USA
| | - Kathleen Ross
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, USA
| | - Daniel E K Kabotso
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA
| | - Angela Toepp
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 105 River Street, S444 CPHB, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.,Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, 2500 Crosspark Road, MTF B166 Coralville, Iowa 52241, USA
| | - Anne Cowell
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA
| | - Christine Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 105 River Street, S444 CPHB, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.,Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, 2500 Crosspark Road, MTF B166 Coralville, Iowa 52241, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, USA
| | - Nicola Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, USA
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14
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Kawaguchi Y, Ise S, Azuma Y, Takeuchi T, Kawano K, Le TK, Ohkanda J, Futaki S. Dipicolylamine/Metal Complexes that Promote Direct Cell-Membrane Penetration of Octaarginine. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:454-460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shoko Ise
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yusuke Azuma
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toan Khanh Le
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junko Ohkanda
- Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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15
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Sengupta S, Krishnan MA, Dudhe P, Reddy RB, Giri B, Chattopadhyay S, Chelvam V. Novel solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of ligand-targeted fluorescent-labelled chelating peptide conjugates as a theranostic tool for cancer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2665-2679. [PMID: 30410628 PMCID: PMC6204756 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we have successfully designed and demonstrated a novel continuous process for assembling targeting ligands, peptidic spacers, fluorescent tags and a chelating core for the attachment of cytotoxic molecules, radiotracers, nanomaterials in a standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis in high yield and purity. The differentially protected Fmoc-Lys-(Tfa)-OH plays a vital role in attaching fluorescent tags while growing the peptide chain in an uninterrupted manner. The methodology is versatile for solid-phase resins that are sensitive to mild and strong acidic conditions when acid-sensitive side chain amino protecting groups such as Trt (chlorotrityl), Mtt (4-methyltrityl), Mmt (4-methoxytrityl) are employed to synthesise the ligand targeted fluorescent tagged bioconjugates. Using this methodology, DUPA rhodamine B conjugate (DUPA = 2-[3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido]pentanedioic acid), targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expressed on prostate, breast, bladder and brain cancers and pteroate rhodamine B, targeting folate receptor positive cancers such as ovarian, lung, endometrium as well as inflammatory diseases have been synthesized. In vitro studies using LNCaP (PSMA +ve), PC-3 (PSMA −ve, FR −ve) and CHO-β (FR +ve) cell lines and their respective competition experiments demonstrate the specificity of the newly synthesized bioconstructs for future application in fluorescent guided intra-operative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sengupta
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Mena Asha Krishnan
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Premansh Dudhe
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Ramesh B Reddy
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Bishnubasu Giri
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Sudeshna Chattopadhyay
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India.,Discipline of Physics and Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering & Material Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India.,Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
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16
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Mion G, Mari C, Da Ros T, Rubbiani R, Gasser G, Gianferrara T. Towards the Synthesis of New Tumor Targeting Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy and Imaging Applications. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mion
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; P.le Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Cristina Mari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; P.le Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University; Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; P.le Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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17
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Szweda R, Trzebicka B, Dworak A, Otulakowski L, Kosowski D, Hertlein J, Haladjova E, Rangelov S, Szweda D. Smart Polymeric Nanocarriers of Met-enkephalin. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2691-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roza Szweda
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| | - Lukasz Otulakowski
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| | - Dominik Kosowski
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| | - Justyna Hertlein
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| | - Emi Haladjova
- Institute
of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 103-A, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Rangelov
- Institute
of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 103-A, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Dawid Szweda
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
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18
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Qvit N, Disatnik MH, Sho J, Mochly-Rosen D. Selective Phosphorylation Inhibitor of Delta Protein Kinase C-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Protein-Protein Interactions: Application for Myocardial Injury in Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7626-35. [PMID: 27218445 PMCID: PMC5065007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases regulate numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, metabolism, and cell death. Because the primary sequence and the three-dimensional structure of many kinases are highly similar, the development of selective inhibitors for only one kinase is challenging. Furthermore, many protein kinases are pleiotropic, mediating diverse and sometimes even opposing functions by phosphorylating multiple protein substrates. Here, we set out to develop an inhibitor of a selective protein kinase phosphorylation of only one of its substrates. Focusing on the pleiotropic delta protein kinase C (δPKC), we used a rational approach to identify a distal docking site on δPKC for its substrate, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). We reasoned that an inhibitor of PDK's docking should selectively inhibit the phosphorylation of only PDK without affecting phosphorylation of the other δPKC substrates. Our approach identified a selective inhibitor of PDK docking to δPKC with an in vitro Kd of ∼50 nM and reducing cardiac injury IC50 of ∼5 nM. This inhibitor, which did not affect the phosphorylation of other δPKC substrates even at 1 μM, demonstrated that PDK phosphorylation alone is critical for δPKC-mediated injury by heart attack. The approach we describe is likely applicable for the identification of other substrate-specific kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Jie Sho
- Kunming Biomed International Chenggong, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
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19
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Miranda LP, Shi L, Holder JR, Wright M, Gegg CV, Johnson E, Wild K, Stenkilsson M, Doellgast G, Manning BH, Salyers K. Peptide antagonists of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor with improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Biopolymers 2016; 100:422-30. [PMID: 23868210 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antagonism of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor may be a useful approach for migraine treatment. Selective PEGylated peptide antagonists to the CGRP receptor are described, derived from CGRP(8-37) with polymer derivatization at an engineered lysine-25 residue. Potent PEGylated peptides with improved pharmacokinetics were identified through peptide side-chain modification to mitigate metabolic liabilities. PEGylated Ac-Trp-[Cit(11,18),hArg(24),Lys(25),Asp(31),Pro(34),1-Nal(35)]CGRP(8-37)-NH2, 9, elicits a dose-dependent reduction of intradermal CGRP-induced local blood flow in rodents with an ED50 of 0.52 mg kg(-1) without any overt adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Les P Miranda
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
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20
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Qvit N, Schechtman D, Pena DA, Berti DA, Soares CO, Miao Q, Liang LA, Baron LA, Teh-Poot C, Martínez-Vega P, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Churchill E, Cunningham AD, Malkovskiy AV, Federspiel NA, Gozzo FC, Torrecilhas AC, Manso Alves MJ, Jardim A, Momar N, Dumonteil E, Mochly-Rosen D. Scaffold proteins LACK and TRACK as potential drug targets in kinetoplastid parasites: Development of inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 6:74-84. [PMID: 27054066 PMCID: PMC4805777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases cause ∼500,000 deaths annually and remain a major challenge for therapeutic development. Using a rational design based approach, we developed peptide inhibitors with anti-parasitic activity that were derived from the sequences of parasite scaffold proteins LACK (Leishmania's receptor for activated C-kinase) and TRACK (Trypanosomareceptor for activated C-kinase). We hypothesized that sequences in LACK and TRACK that are conserved in the parasites, but not in the mammalian ortholog, RACK (Receptor for activated C-kinase), may be interaction sites for signaling proteins that are critical for the parasites' viability. One of these peptides exhibited leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity in culture. Moreover, in infected mice, this peptide was also effective in reducing parasitemia and increasing survival without toxic effects. The identified peptide is a promising new anti-parasitic drug lead, as its unique features may limit toxicity and drug-resistance, thus overcoming central limitations of most anti-parasitic drugs. Identified unique short sequences conserved in parasite but not in host orthologue. Peptides corresponding to these sequences are active anti-parasitic drug lead. Cyclization of the peptides generates drug leads for in vivo proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Qianqian Miao
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liying Annie Liang
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lauren A Baron
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Christian Teh-Poot
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro Martínez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Maria Jesus Ramirez-Sierra
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eric Churchill
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nancy A Federspiel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fabio Cesar Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ndao Momar
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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21
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Piekielna J, Kluczyk A, Gentilucci L, Cerlesi MC, Calo' G, Tomböly C, Łapiński K, Janecki T, Janecka A. Ring size in cyclic endomorphin-2 analogs modulates receptor binding affinity and selectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:6039-46. [PMID: 25948019 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study reports the solid-phase synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of new side chain-to-side chain cyclized opioid peptide analogs of the general structure Tyr-[D-Xaa-Phe-Phe-Asp]NH2, where Xaa = Lys (1), Orn (2), Dab (3), or Dap (4) (Dab = 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, Dap = 2,3-diaminopropionic acid), containing 17- to 14-membered rings. The influence of the ring size on binding to the MOP, DOP and KOP opioid receptors was studied. In general, the reduction of the size of the macrocyclic ring increased the selectivity for the MOP receptor. The cyclopeptide incorporating Xaa = Lys displayed subnanomolar MOP affinity but modest selectivity over the KOP receptor, while the analog with the Orn residue showed increased affinity and selectivity for MOP. The analog with Dab was a weak MOP agonist and did not bind to the other two opioid receptors. Finally, the peptide with Xaa = Dap was completely MOP receptor-selective with subnanomolar affinity. Interestingly, the deletion of one Phe residue from 1 led to the 14-membered Tyr-c[D-Lys-Phe-Asp]NH2 (5), a potent and selective MOP receptor ligand. The in vitro potencies of the new analogs were determined in a calcium mobilization assay performed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing human recombinant opioid receptors and chimeric G proteins. A good correlation between binding and the functional test results was observed. The influence of the ring size, solid support and the N-terminal protecting group on the formation of cyclodimers was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Piekielna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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22
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Perlikowska R, Piekielna J, Gentilucci L, De Marco R, Cerlesi MC, Calo G, Artali R, Tömböly C, Kluczyk A, Janecka A. Synthesis of mixed MOR/KOR efficacy cyclic opioid peptide analogs with antinociceptive activity after systemic administration. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:276-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Qvit N, Kornfeld OS. Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation. J Vis Exp 2016:e53589. [PMID: 26863382 DOI: 10.3791/53589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are intimately involved in almost all biological processes and are linked to many human diseases. Therefore, there is a major effort to target PPIs in basic research and in the pharmaceutical industry. Protein-protein interfaces are usually large, flat, and often lack pockets, complicating the discovery of small molecules that target such sites. Alternative targeting approaches using antibodies have limitations due to poor oral bioavailability, low cell-permeability, and production inefficiency. Using peptides to target PPI interfaces has several advantages. Peptides have higher conformational flexibility, increased selectivity, and are generally inexpensive. However, peptides have their own limitations including poor stability and inefficiency crossing cell membranes. To overcome such limitations, peptide cyclization can be performed. Cyclization has been demonstrated to improve peptide selectivity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. However, predicting the bioactive conformation of a cyclic peptide is not trivial. To overcome this challenge, one attractive approach it to screen a focused library to screen in which all backbone cyclic peptides have the same primary sequence, but differ in parameters that influence their conformation, such as ring size and position. We describe a detailed protocol for synthesizing a library of backbone cyclic peptides targeting specific parasite PPIs. Using a rational design approach, we developed peptides derived from the scaffold protein Leishmania receptor for activated C-kinase (LACK). We hypothesized that sequences in LACK that are conserved in parasites, but not in the mammalian host homolog, may represent interaction sites for proteins that are critical for the parasites' viability. The cyclic peptides were synthesized using microwave irradiation to reduce reaction times and increase efficiency. Developing a library of backbone cyclic peptides with different ring sizes facilitates a systematic screen for the most biological active conformation. This method provides a general, fast, and facile way to synthesize cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine;
| | - Opher S Kornfeld
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine
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24
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Yoo B, Ma K, Zhang L, Burns A, Sequeira S, Mellinghoff I, Brennan C, Wiesner U, Bradbury MS. Ultrasmall dual-modality silica nanoparticle drug conjugates: Design, synthesis, and characterization. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7119-30. [PMID: 26462054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical design and synthesis of effective cancer-directed and particle-based nanotherapeutic imaging agents remains a challenging task. Of critical importance is the ability to demonstrate maximum delivery, retention, and treatment efficacy for platforms designed to deposit their cargo at sites of disease without attendant dose-limiting toxicity. In this work, we describe dual-modality nanoparticle drug conjugates (NDCs) which utilize protease sensitive linkers to attached drug compounds and imaging labels to a clinically translated class of ultrasmall silica nanoparticle (C' dots). We describe the synthesis and characterization of these linker-drug constructs. Linkers incorporating dipeptide enzyme substrates are attached to analogs of a prototypical epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), through a cleavable amide bond or para-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl (PABC) group. These constructs are conjugated onto C' dots leading to the desired NDCs. These NDCs exhibit fast and predictable release kinetics in the presence of model proteases, and are stable in various biological media. Finally, in vitro assays show NDCs to be highly active in reducing phosphorylated EGFR levels in H1650 cells, a human tumor-derived cell line. The data suggests that NDCs exhibit desirable properties that warrant further development toward oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barney Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Andrew Burns
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Sonia Sequeira
- Investigational Products Core, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Ingo Mellinghoff
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States; Department of Neurology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Cameron Brennan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
| | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States; Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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25
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De Zoysa GH, Cameron AJ, Hegde VV, Raghothama S, Sarojini V. Antimicrobial Peptides with Potential for Biofilm Eradication: Synthesis and Structure Activity Relationship Studies of Battacin Peptides. J Med Chem 2015; 58:625-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501084q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayan Heruka De Zoysa
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan James Cameron
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Veena V. Hegde
- NMR
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Qvit N. Microwave-assisted synthesis of cyclic phosphopeptide on solid support. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:300-5. [PMID: 25042903 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphopeptides are important tools for studying intracellular signal transduction events in vitro and in vivo and are also potential drugs due to their direct competition with phosphoprotein recognition elements. Cyclization has been demonstrated to improve peptide selectivity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. However, cyclic phosphopeptide synthesis may not be straightforward due to the sterically hindered phosphorylated side-chain amino acid derivatives. One option to overcome this hurdle is to use microwave-assisted synthesis, which has been shown to increase efficiency and reduce synthesis time. Herein, a detailed protocol is provided for synthesizing cyclic phosphopeptides using automated microwave. The overall synthesis duration was reduced and yields increased compared with a manual conventional method. This method provides a general, fast and facile way to synthesize cyclic peptides, demonstrating the synthesis of cyclic phosphorylated peptides which are known to be among the most challenging to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5174, USA
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27
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Mäde V, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Automated solid-phase peptide synthesis to obtain therapeutic peptides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1197-212. [PMID: 24991269 PMCID: PMC4077397 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The great versatility and the inherent high affinities of peptides for their respective targets have led to tremendous progress for therapeutic applications in the last years. In order to increase the drugability of these frequently unstable and rapidly cleared molecules, chemical modifications are of great interest. Automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) offers a suitable technology to produce chemically engineered peptides. This review concentrates on the application of SPPS by Fmoc/t-Bu protecting-group strategy, which is most commonly used. Critical issues and suggestions for the synthesis are covered. The development of automated methods from conventional to essentially improved microwave-assisted instruments is discussed. In order to improve pharmacokinetic properties of peptides, lipidation and PEGylation are described as covalent conjugation methods, which can be applied by a combination of automated and manual synthesis approaches. The synthesis and application of SPPS is described for neuropeptide Y receptor analogs as an example for bioactive hormones. The applied strategies represent innovative and potent methods for the development of novel peptide drug candidates that can be manufactured with optimized automated synthesis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mäde
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Vilà S, Badosa E, Montesinos E, Feliu L, Planas M. A convenient solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:3365-74. [PMID: 23563492 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40319j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise solid-phase synthesis of cyclic lipopeptides derived from the antimicrobial peptide c(Lys-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Phe-Lys-Lys-Leu-Gln) (BPC194) was accomplished. Three different synthetic routes were explored. Best results were obtained using a protocol that includes as key steps: (i) synthesis of the cyclic peptidyl resin incorporating the Lys residue to be acylated protected at the N(ε)-amino group with an ivDde group, (ii) selective removal of the ivDde group, and (iii) acylation. These compounds were screened for their in vitro growth inhibition of bacterial and fungal phytopathogens and for their cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells. A sequence with high antimicrobial activity and low hemolysis was identified, constituting a good candidate for the design of new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Vilà
- Laboratori d'Innovació en Processos i Productes de Síntesi Orgànica (LIPPSO), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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29
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Mountford SJ, Liu M, Zhang L, Groenen M, Herzog H, Holliday ND, Thompson PE. Synthetic routes to the Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist 1229U91 and related analogues for SAR studies and cell-based imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3271-81. [PMID: 24733083 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potent Y1 receptor antagonist, 1229U91 has an unusual cyclic dimer structure that makes syntheses of analogue series quite challenging. We have examined three new routes to the synthesis of such peptides that has given access to novel structural variants including heterodimeric compounds, ring size variants and labelled conjugates. These compounds, including a fluorescently labelled analogue VIII show potent antagonism that can be utilised in studying Y1 receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Mountford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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30
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Melnyk O, Ollivier N, Besret S, Melnyk P. Phenylthiocarbamate or N-carbothiophenyl group chemistry in peptide synthesis and bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:629-39. [PMID: 24641212 PMCID: PMC4064696 DOI: 10.1021/bc500052r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The design of novel chemoselective
and site-specific ligation methods
provides new tools for obtaining complex scaffolds, peptidomimetics,
and peptide conjugates. The chemistry of the N-phenylthiocarbonyl
group has led to several developments in peptide ligation chemistry
and peptide bioconjugation during the last 10 years. The aim of this
review is to provide an overview of this emerging field.
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31
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Stimuli-responsive selection of target DNA sequences by synthetic bZIP peptides. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1874. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Kumarn S, Chimnoi N, Ruchirawat S. Synthesis of integerrimide A by an on-resin tandem Fmoc-deprotection–macrocyclisation approach. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7760-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41447g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to and overview of peptide chemistry with a focus on solid-phase peptide synthesis. The background, the most common reagents, and some mechanisms are presented. This chapter also points to the different chapters and puts them into perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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34
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Hoyer J, Schatzschneider U, Schulz-Siegmund M, Neundorf I. Dimerization of a cell-penetrating peptide leads to enhanced cellular uptake and drug delivery. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1788-97. [PMID: 23209513 PMCID: PMC3511013 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have gained tremendous interest due to their ability to deliver a variety of therapeutically active molecules that would otherwise be unable to cross the cellular membrane due to their size or hydrophilicity. Recently, we reported on the identification of a novel CPP, sC18, which is derived from the C-terminus of the 18 kDa cationic antimicrobial protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated successful application of sC18 for the delivery of functionalized cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (cymantrene) complexes to tumor cell lines, inducing high cellular toxicity. In order to increase the potential of the organometallic complexes to kill tumor cells, we were looking for a way to enhance cellular uptake. Therefore, we designed a branched dimeric variant of sC18, (sC18)(2), which was shown to have a dramatically improved capacity to internalize into various cell lines, even primary cells, using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability assays indicated increased cytotoxicity of the dimer presumably caused by membrane leakage; however, this effect turned out to be dependent on the specific cell type. Finally, we could show that conjugation of a functionalized cymantrene with (sC18)(2) leads to significant reduction of its IC(50) value in tumor cells compared to the respective sC18 conjugate, proving that dimerization is a useful method to increase the drug-delivery potential of a cell-penetrating peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hoyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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35
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Bingham JP, Andrews EA, Kiyabu SM, Cabalteja CC. Drugs from slugs. Part II--conopeptide bioengineering. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 200:92-113. [PMID: 23063744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological transformation of toxins as research probes, or as pharmaceutical drug leads, is an onerous and drawn out process. Issues regarding changes to pharmacological specificity, desired potency, and bioavailability are compounded naturally by their inherent toxicity. These often scuttle their progress as they move up the narrowing drug development pipeline. Yet one class of peptide toxins, from the genus Conus, has in many ways spearheaded the expansion of new peptide bioengineering techniques to aid peptide toxin pharmaceutical development. What has now emerged is the sequential bioengineering of new research probes and drug leads that owe their lineage to these highly potent and isoform specific peptides. Here we discuss the progressive bioengineering steps that many conopeptides have transitioned through, and specifically illustrate some of the biochemical approaches that have been established to maximize their biological research potential and pharmaceutical worth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Paul Bingham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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36
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Chouikhi D, Ciobanu M, Zambaldo C, Duplan V, Barluenga S, Winssinger N. Expanding the scope of PNA-encoded synthesis (PES): Mtt-protected PNA fully orthogonal to fmoc chemistry and a broad array of robust diversity-generating reactions. Chemistry 2012; 18:12698-704. [PMID: 22915361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-encoded libraries are emerging as an attractive and highly miniaturized format for the rapid identification of protein ligands. An important criterion in the synthesis of nucleic acid encoded libraries is the scope of reactions that can be used to introduce molecular diversity and devise divergent pathways for diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). To date, the protecting group strategies that have been used in peptide nucleic acid (PNA) encoded synthesis (PES) have limited the choice of reactions used in the library synthesis to just a few prototypes. Herein, we describe the preparation of PNA monomers with a protecting group combination (Mtt/Boc) that is orthogonal to Fmoc-based synthesis and compatible with a large palette of reactions that have been productively used in DOS (palladium cross-couplings, metathesis, reductive amination, amidation, heterocycle formation, nucleophilic addition, conjugate additions, Pictet-Spengler cyclization). We incorporate γ-modifications in the PNA backbone that are known to enhance hybridization and solubility. We demonstrate the robustness of this strategy with a library synthesis that is characterized by MALDI MS analysis at every step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Chouikhi
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, ISIS - UMR, Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, France
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37
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Nonoyama T, Tanaka M, Inai Y, Higuchi M, Kinoshita T. Ordered nanopattern arrangement of gold nanoparticles on β-sheet peptide templates through nucleobase pairing. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6174-6183. [PMID: 21739962 DOI: 10.1021/nn200711x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a unique method for rational arrangement of gold (Au) nanoparticles on a β-sheet peptide template through nucleobase pairing. For the template, the 16-mer peptide 1 was synthesized, which is based on an alternating amphiphilic sequence of Asp-Leu. Here Leu at the sixth position is replaced by thymine-modified Lys, and a polyethylene glycol chain is introduced to the C-terminus. The surface of Au nanoparticles was modified with the complementary adenyl group. Peptide 1 formed a stable β-sheet monolayer at the air/water interface under an appropriate surface pressure. The monolayer film transferred onto a mica surface by the Langmuir-Blodgett method showed a linearly striped pattern with 6.1 nm average stripe width and 6 nm average interval between stripes, derived from β-sheet assembly. The adenine-bound Au nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on the thymine-bound template through a complementary adenine-thymine hydrogen bonding pair. Interestingly, linear assembly structures of the Au nanoparticles were observed, thus being successfully reproduced by the original striped pattern of the template of 1. Our method might readily fabricate Au materials with our desirable 2D pattern through fine-tuning of β-sheet sequence and nucleobase position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nonoyama
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
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38
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Fantini D, Vascotto C, Marasco D, D'Ambrosio C, Romanello M, Vitagliano L, Pedone C, Poletto M, Cesaratto L, Quadrifoglio F, Scaloni A, Radicella JP, Tell G. Critical lysine residues within the overlooked N-terminal domain of human APE1 regulate its biological functions. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:8239-56. [PMID: 20699270 PMCID: PMC3001066 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), an essential protein in mammals, is involved in base excision DNA repair (BER) and in regulation of gene expression, acting as a redox co-activator of several transcription factors. Recent findings highlight a novel role for APE1 in RNA metabolism, which is modulated by nucleophosmin (NPM1). The results reported in this article show that five lysine residues (K24, K25, K27, K31 and K32), located in the APE1 N-terminal unstructured domain, are involved in the interaction of APE1 with both RNA and NPM1, thus supporting a competitive binding mechanism. Data from kinetic experiments demonstrate that the APE1 N-terminal domain also serves as a device for fine regulation of protein catalytic activity on abasic DNA. Interestingly, some of these critical lysine residues undergo acetylation in vivo. These results suggest that protein–protein interactions and/or post-translational modifications involving APE1 N-terminal domain may play important in vivo roles, in better coordinating and fine-tuning protein BER activity and function on RNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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39
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Abstract
A continuous assay method, such as the one that utilizes an increase in fluorescence upon hydrolysis, allows for rapid and convenient kinetic evaluation of proteases. To better understand MMP behaviors and to aid in the design of MMP inhibitors, a variety of sequence specificity, phage display, and combinatorial chemistry studies have been performed. Results of these studies have been valuable for defining the differences in MMPs and for creating quenched fluorescent substrates that utilize fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)/intramolecular fluorescence energy transfer (IFET). FRET triple-helical substrates have been constructed to examine the collagenolytic activity of MMP family members. The present chapter provides an overview of MMP and related FRET substrates and describes how to construct and utilize these substrates.
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40
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Patkar KA, Murray TF, Aldrich JV. The effects of C-terminal modifications on the opioid activity of [N-benzylTyr(1)]dynorphin A-(1-11) analogues. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6814-21. [PMID: 19807094 DOI: 10.1021/jm900715m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural modifications affecting the efficacy of analogues of the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin (Dyn) A have focused on the N-terminal "message" sequence based on the "message-address" concept. To test the hypothesis that changes in the C-terminal "address" domain could affect efficacy, modified amino acids and cyclic constraints were incorporated into this region of the partial agonist [N-benzylTyr(1)]Dyn A-(1-11). Modifications in the C-terminal domain of [N-benzylTyr(1)]Dyn A-(1-11)NH(2) resulted in increased kappa opioid receptor (KOR) affinity for all of the linear analogues but did not affect the efficacy of these peptides at KOR. Cyclization between positions 5 and 8 yielded [N-benzylTyr(1),cyclo(d-Asp(5),Dap(8))]Dyn A-(1-11)NH(2) (zyklophin, 13) ( J. Med. Chem. 2005 , 48 , 4500 - 4503 ) with high selectivity for KOR. In contrast to the linear peptides, this peptide exhibits negligible efficacy in the adenylyl cyclase (AC) assay and is a KOR antagonist. These data are consistent with our hypothesis that appropriate modifications in the "address" domain of Dyn A analogues may affect efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij A Patkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Isidro-Llobet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Ryadnov MG, Papapostolou D, Woolfson DN. The leucine zipper as a building block for self-assembled protein fibers. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 474:35-51. [PMID: 19031059 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-480-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials are receiving increased attention from both academia and industry. For example, the fundamental understanding of fiber formation by peptides and proteins both is of interest in itself and may lead to a range of applications. A key idea here is that the folding and subsequent supramolecular assembly of the monomers can be programmed within polypeptide chains. Thus, with an understanding of so-called sequence-to-structure relationships for these peptide assemblies, it may be possible to design novel nanostructures from the bottom up that exhibit properties determined by, but not characteristic of, their component building blocks. In this respect, the alpha-helical leucine zipper presents an excellent place to start in the rational design of ordered nanostructures that span several length scales. Indeed, such systems have been put forward and developed to different degrees. Despite their apparent diversity, they employ similar assembly routes that can be compiled into one basic methodology. This chapter gives examples and provides methods of what can be achieved through leucine zipper-based assembly of fibrous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim G Ryadnov
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UK
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43
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Miranda LP, Holder JR, Shi L, Bennett B, Aral J, Gegg CV, Wright M, Walker K, Doellgast G, Rogers R, Li H, Valladares V, Salyers K, Johnson E, Wild K. Identification of Potent, Selective, and Metabolically Stable Peptide Antagonists to the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7889-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8009298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Les P. Miranda
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Jerry Ryan Holder
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Licheng Shi
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Brian Bennett
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Jennifer Aral
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Colin V. Gegg
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Marie Wright
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kenneth Walker
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - George Doellgast
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Rick Rogers
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Hongyan Li
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Violeta Valladares
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kevin Salyers
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Eileen Johnson
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kenneth Wild
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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44
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Flemer S, Wurthmann A, Mamai A, Madalengoitia JS. Strategies for the Solid-Phase Diversification of Poly-l-proline-Type II Peptide Mimic Scaffolds and Peptide Scaffolds Through Guanidinylation. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7593-602. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8012258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stevenson Flemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | | | - Ahmed Mamai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
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45
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Comparative Study of Chemical Approaches to the Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Tumor-Seeking α-MSH Analogue. Int J Pept Res Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-008-9143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Miranda LP, Winters KA, Gegg CV, Patel A, Aral J, Long J, Zhang J, Diamond S, Guido M, Stanislaus S, Ma M, Li H, Rose MJ, Poppe L, Véniant MM. Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained glucagon-like peptide-1 derivatives with increased plasma stability and prolonged in vivo activity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2758-65. [PMID: 18412318 DOI: 10.1021/jm701522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of conformationally constrained derivatives of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were designed and evaluated. By use of [Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-NH2 (2) peptide as a starting point, 17 cyclic derivatives possessing i to i + 4, i to i + 5, or i to i + 7 side chain to side chain lactam bridges from positions 18 to 30 were prepared. The effect of a helix-promoting alpha-amino-isobutyric acid (Aib) substitution at position 22 was also evaluated. The introduction of i to i + 4 glutamic acid-lysine lactam constraints in c[Glu (18)-Lys (22)][Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-NH2 (6), c[Glu (22)-Lys (26)][Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-NH2 (10), and c[Glu (23)-Lys (27)][Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-NH2 (11) resulted in potent functional activity and receptor affinities comparable to native GLP-1. Selected GLP-1 peptides were chemoselectively PEGylated in order to prolong their in vivo activity. PEGylated peptides [Gly (8),Aib (22)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ala-NH2 (23) and c[Glu (22)-Lys (26)][Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ser-Gly-NH2 (24) retained picomolar functional potency and avid receptor binding properties. Importantly, PEGylated GLP-1 peptide 23 exhibited sustained in vivo efficacy with respect to blood glucose reduction and decreased body weight for several days in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Les P Miranda
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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47
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de Araújo AD, Palomo JM, Cramer J, Seitz O, Alexandrov K, Waldmann H. Diels–Alder Ligation of Peptides and Proteins. Chemistry 2006; 12:6095-109. [PMID: 16807971 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition as a new method for the site-specific chemoselective ligation of peptides and proteins under mild conditions is reported. Peptides equipped with a 2,4-hexadienyl ester and an N-terminal maleimide react in aqueous media to give cycloadducts in high yields and depending on the amino acid sequence with high stereoselectivity. Except for the cysteine SH group the transformation is compatible with all amino acid side chain functional groups. For ligation to proteins the hexadienyl group was attached to avidin and streptavidin noncovalently by means of complex formation with a biotinylated peptide or by covalent attachment of a hexadienyl ester-containing label to lysine side chains incorporated into the proteins. Site-specific attachment of the hexadienyl unit into a Rab protein was achieved by means of expressed protein ligation followed by protection of the generated cysteine SH by means of Ellman's reagent. The protein reacted with different maleimido-modified peptides under mild conditions to give the fully functional cycloadducts in high yield. The results demonstrate that the Diels-Alder ligation offers an advantageous and technically straightforward new opportunity for the site-specific equipment of peptides and proteins with further functional groups and labels. It proceeds under very mild conditions and is compatible with most functional groups found in proteins. Its combination with other ligation methods, in particular expressed protein ligation is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dantas de Araújo
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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48
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Lapeyre M, Leprince J, Massonneau M, Oulyadi H, Renard PY, Romieu A, Turcatti G, Vaudry H. Aryldithioethyloxycarbonyl (Ardec): A New Family of Amine Protecting Groups Removable under Mild Reducing Conditions and Their Applications to Peptide Synthesis. Chemistry 2006; 12:3655-71. [PMID: 16514683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of phenyldithioethyloxycarbonyl (Phdec) and 2-pyridyldithioethyloxycarbonyl (Pydec) protecting groups, which are thiol-labile urethanes, is described. These new disulfide-based protecting groups were introduced onto the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine; the resulting amino acid derivatives were easily converted into N alpha-Fmoc building blocks suitable for both solid- and solution-phase peptide synthesis. Model dipeptide(Ardec)s were prepared by using classical peptide couplings followed by standard deprotection protocols. They were used to optimize the conditions for complete thiolytic removal of the Ardec groups both in aqueous and organic media. Phdec and Pydec were found to be cleaved within 15 to 30 min under mild reducing conditions: i) by treatment with dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol in Tris.HCl buffer (pH 8.5-9.0) for deprotection in water and ii) by treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol and 1,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in N-methylpyrrolidinone for deprotection in an organic medium. Successful solid-phase synthesis of hexapeptides Ac-Lys-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Lys(Ardec)-NH2 has clearly demonstrated the full orthogonality of these new amino protecting groups with Fmoc and Boc protections. The utility of the Ardec orthogonal deprotection strategy for site-specific chemical modification of peptides bearing several amino groups was illustrated firstly by the preparation of a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3 protease containing the cyanine dyes Cy 3.0 and Cy 5.0 as FRET donor/acceptor pair, and by solid-phase synthesis of an hexapeptide bearing a single biotin reporter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaine Lapeyre
- IRCOF/LHO, Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, UMR 6014 CNRS, INSA de Rouen et Université de Rouen, 1, rue Tesnières, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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Kruszynski M, Tsui P, Stowell N, Luo J, Nemeth JF, Das AM, Sweet R, Heavner GA. Synthetic, site-specific biotinylated analogs of human MCP-1. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:354-60. [PMID: 16285024 DOI: 10.1002/psc.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1, CCL2) is a 8.6-kDa protein that has been implicated in a number of diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. As part of a program to identify antibodies against MCP-1, we synthesized site-specific, biotinylated human MCP-1 analogs to be used for panning of an antibody phage display library. In contrast to material obtained from random biotinylation, the site-specific biotinylated analogs were homogeneous and retained full activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kruszynski
- Centocor R&D, Inc., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA.
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Engfeldt T, Renberg B, Brumer H, Nygren PA, Karlström AE. Chemical Synthesis of Triple-Labelled Three-Helix Bundle Binding Proteins for Specific Fluorescent Detection of Unlabelled Protein. Chembiochem 2005; 6:1043-50. [PMID: 15880677 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Site-specifically triple-labelled three-helix bundle affinity proteins (affibody molecules) have been produced by total chemical synthesis. The 58 aa affinity proteins were assembled on an automated peptide synthesizer, followed by manual on-resin incorporation of three different reporter groups. An orthogonal protection strategy was developed for the site-specific introduction of 5-(2-aminethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (EDANS) and 6-(7-nitrobenzofurazan-4-ylamino)-hexanoic acid (NBDX), constituting a donor/acceptor pair for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and a biotin moiety, used for surface immobilization. Circular dichroism and biosensor studies of the synthetic proteins and their recombinant counterparts revealed that the synthetic proteins were folded and retained their binding specificities. The biotin-conjugated protein could be immobilized onto a streptavidin surface without loss of activity. The synthetic, doubly fluorescent-labelled affinity proteins were shown to function as fluorescent biosensors in an assay for the specific detection of unlabelled human IgG and IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torun Engfeldt
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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