1
|
Elhetawy AIG, Abdel-Rahim MM, Sallam AE, Shahin SA, Lotfy AMA, El Basuini MF. Dietary Wood and Activated Charcoal Improved Ammonium Removal, Heavy Metals Detoxification, Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Carcass Traits, and Histopathology of European Seabass. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8860652. [PMID: 38023984 PMCID: PMC10656192 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8860652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A 120-day growth trial was completed to assess rearing water quality and fish performance in terms of growth, feed efficacy, digestive enzymes, immunity, and antioxidant activity of seabass fed an experimental diet (ED) supplemented with commercial wood charcoal (WC) and activated wood charcoal (AC). Three levels (0, 10, and 20 g) of WC and AC were administered, representing five treatments: control (CD) fish-fed ED without additives, (WC-1) fish-fed ED containing 10 g kg-1 WC, (WC-2) fish-fed ED containing 20 g kg-1 WC, (AC-1) fish-fed ED containing 10 g kg-1 AC, and (AC-2) fish-fed ED containing 20 g kg-1 AC. Three hundred fish (60.12 ± 0.20 g/fish) were stocked in 15 cement tanks (4.0 m × 2.0 m × 1.2 m, water volume 5 m3 each) at 20 fish/tank and a daily feed ration of 3% of body weight. Results revealed significant improvements with increased growth variables (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate), decreased FCR, and decreased ammonia levels and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn) content in rearing water, muscle, and liver with fish fed WC and AC supplemented diets. Furthermore, considerable improvements in digestive enzymes, immunity, and antioxidant activity, with enhanced kidneys, liver, intestines, gills, and spleen. Fish fed the WC-1 diet had a higher final weight (171.90 g), better FCR (1.25), and improved internal organs than the other groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf I. G. Elhetawy
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Rahim
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Sallam
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Shahin
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba-basha, Alexandria, P.O. Box 21531, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. A. Lotfy
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F. El Basuini
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, Tur Sinai, South Sinai, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Horodincu L, Solcan C. Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2095. [PMID: 37443893 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine-immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune-pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560-480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body's internal response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Horodincu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ju K, Kil M, Ri S, Kim T, Kim J, Shi W, Zhang L, Yan M, Zhang J, Liu G. Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY 2023; 41:1-10. [PMID: 36848297 PMCID: PMC9942046 DOI: 10.1007/s00343-022-1412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals, its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1% and 2% BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach, and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed. Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance (indicated by greater weight gain (1.13-1.14 times), higher specific growth rate (1.04 times), and lower feed conversion ratio (0.88-0.89 times)) compared to that of the control (P<0.05). Histological examination revealed significant longer villus (3.22-5.54 times), deeper crypt (1.77-1.87 times), and thicker muscle (1.59-3.17 times) in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species (Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli), but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes (Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). Therefore, dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora, by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Myongsuk Kil
- College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyok Kim
- College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005 China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005 China
| | - Jiongming Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005 China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khalid MA, Hussain SM, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim K, Riaz MN. Biochar as a feed supplement for nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Catla catla fingerlings. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103453. [PMID: 36204726 PMCID: PMC9531281 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current research was to determine the impact of various biochar supplements on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Catla catla fingerlings fed on Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) based diet. An experiment with 90 days of feeding was conducted to investigate the efficacy of biochar obtained from different sources such as parthenium, farmyard manure, poultry waste, vegetable waste, and corncob waste at 2 mg/kg. There were15 fingerlings in each tank in the triplicate set of tanks. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5 % of their live wet weight. From each tank, feces were collected twice daily and stored to determine nutrient digestibility. Results showed that poultry waste biochar (test diet-IV) at 2 mg/kg was the best source to significantly (P < 0.05) improve weight gain % (256.58 %) and feed conversion ratio (1.19) than the other biochar sources and control diet. Furthermore, in terms of nutrient digestibility, optimum fat (81.90 %), protein (75.92 %), and gross energy (74.84 kcalg−1) values were obtained by using the same type of biochar (poultry waste). Conclusively, among all the five biochar sources, poultry waste biochar proved to be the best one, improving fish body performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Khalid
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K.A. Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mian N. Riaz
- 2476 TAMU, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 778, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Lin Z, Wang L, Guo X, Hao Z, Li Z, Johnston LJ, Dong B. Cooperative Interaction of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids Contained in Activated Charcoal with Herb Extracts, Involving Cholesterol, Bile Acid, and FXR/PXR Activation in Broilers Fed with Mycotoxin-Containing Diets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2200. [PMID: 36358572 PMCID: PMC9686537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The charcoal-herb extract complex (CHC) is a product of activated charcoal sorption of herb extracts that contain phenolic acids and flavonoids. The effective dose of CHC to promote animal growth is about one tenth of effective dosage of activated charcoal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential cooperative interactions between activated charcoal and herb extracts. Two feeding experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, a responsive dose of CHC to broiler growth was determined to be 250 mg/kg of the diet. In Experiment 2, CHC increased growth performance and improved meat quality, but decreased indices of oxidative stress and inflammation as compared with similar doses of activated charcoal or herb extracts. CHC also increased concentrations of serum cholesterol, bile acid in the gallbladder, and bile acid in feces. The herb extracts present in CHC were largely represented by phenolic acids (PAs, caffeic acid, and vanillin) and flavonoids (FVs, daidzein, and quercetin-D-glucoside) in the detoxification activity of CHC in a mouse rescue test when the mice were gavaged with T-2 mycotoxin. PAs and FVs significantly increased the expression of CYP7A1, PXR, CYP3A37, Slco1B3, and Bsep in chicken primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, CHC integrated the cooperative interactions of activated charcoal and herb extracts via the FXR/RXR-PXR pathway to detoxify mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zishen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lee J. Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye Y, Li Z, Wang P, Zhu B, Zhao M, Huang D, Ye Y, Ding Z, Li L, Wan G, Wu Q, Song D, Tang Y. Effects of probiotic supplements on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of partridge shank broiler chicks. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12538. [PMID: 34917423 PMCID: PMC8643103 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The benefits of probiotics being used in animals are well-documented via evidenced growth performance improvement and positive modulations of gut microbiota (GM). Thus, a combination of effective microorganisms (EM) has been frequently used in animal production, including broilers. However, there are only very limited reports of EM on the growth performance and the modulation in GM of partridge shank broiler chicks. Methods We attempted to evaluate the effects of a basal diet with the addition of an EM mixture on the growth performance and gut microbiome of the chicks. A total of 100 ten-day-old female partridge shank broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups of 50 chicks each, of which, one group fed with EM supplementation in the basal diet (designated as EM-treated group), the other group just fed with a basal diet (referred as to non-EM treated group or control group). The body weight, daily feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion ratio and other growth parameters were observed and compared between EM-treated and non-EM-treated chicks, and the gut microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA-based next generation sequencing (NGS). Results EM-treated chicks showed significantly increased performances in body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR). Histological observation indicated that dietary supplementation of EM significantly increased the villus heights (VH) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD), while decreased the CD of jejunum, ilea, and ceca. The results of 16S rRNA-based gut microbiota analyses showed that Firmicutes accounted for the most of the relative abundance (63.24%∼92.63%), followed by Proteobacteria (0.62%∼23.94%), Bacteroidetes (0.80%∼7.85%), Actinobacteria (0.06%∼13.69%) and others in both EM-treated and non-EM-treated broiler chicks. The addition of EM could not alter the alpha diversity of gut microbiota. Compared with the non-EM-treated chicks, the abundances of bad bacteria in the phyla of Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, and Ruminococcus were dramatically decreased in that of EM-treated chicks, while the abundances of good bacteria in the phyla of Actinobacteria and WPS-2 were significantly increased. Conclusions The supplementation of EM in feed could improve the growth performance and positively influence the morphological characteristics of the intestine, and ameliorate the community and structure of the intestinal microbiota of partridge shank broiler chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Ye
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Jiangxi Red Animal Health Products Co., LTD., Nanchang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longrui Li
- Jiangxi Newtoldhow Animal Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Ji'an, China
| | - Gen Wan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deping Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sittiya J, Yamauchi KE, Yamauchi K. Bark charcoal powder containing wood vinegar liquid can shorten the time to shipping of broilers raised in tropical areas by activating performance and intestinal function. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary bark charcoal containing vinegar liquid (BCV) on the growth performance, carcass and visceral organs, intestinal histology, fecal ammonia nitrogen, and nutrient digestibility were investigated in a total of 350 one-day-old unsexed Ross 308 broilers raised under a high environmental temperature (heat stress) from 0 to 42 d of age. They were divided into 0% (control group), 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% dietary BCV groups. Compared with the control group, the body weight gain (BWG) of the 1% dietary BCV group at 21–42 d of age and the feed efficiency of the 2% dietary BCV group at 0–42 d of age increased (P < 0.05). The carcasses of the 1% and 3% dietary BCV groups significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The digestibility of dry matter and gross energy of the 4% dietary BCV group improved at 21 d (P < 0.05). The duodenum of the 3% and 4% dietary BCV groups was significantly heavier than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). This result suggests that BCV can shorten the time to shipping date for broilers to before 42 d of age and can contribute to the development of poultry production in tropical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janjira Sittiya
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Petchaburi, 76120 Thailand
| | - Koh-en Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa-ken, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kohsyo Yamauchi
- Miyazaki Midori Pharms. Inc. 945, Hieda, Akae, Miyazaki 880-0912, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang F, Lin Y, Miao L, Hao J. Addition of Bamboo Charcoal to Selenium (Se)-Rich Feed Improves Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092585. [PMID: 34573550 PMCID: PMC8465871 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our previous studies, we determined that juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) require a selenium (Se) dietary intake of 0.958–0.959 mg/kg based on the quadratic fitting method. Nevertheless, growth rates were significantly affected, and the expression of anti-inflammatory factors was inhibited when the feed contained excessively high Se concentrations. Given its activity as an insoluble carrier, bamboo charcoal can be used as a dietary supplement in fish feed to absorb and slowly release excess nutrients. However, these hypotheses have not been evaluated in diets containing excess Se. The present study determined that 2–3 g/kg bamboo charcoal inclusion in Se-rich feed could improve the growth performance of blunt snout bream. Dietary bamboo charcoal supplementation mobilized the antioxidant system and inhibited the inflammatory response by activating Nrf2-Keap1 signaling while suppressing NF-κB signaling. Abstract The ability of bamboo charcoal to reduce the negative effects of high dietary selenium (Se) concentrations was assessed by feeding juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) one of five Se-rich diets (1.5 mg/kg Se; 36% protein, 8.7% lipid) containing graded levels (0–4 g/kg) of bamboo charcoal powder for eight weeks. There were four tanks (350 L) of fish (initial weight 16.0 ± 0.5 g) for each treatment, and the fish were fed to satiation four times each day. At the end of the feeding trial, all of the fish from each tank were weighed to calculate the growth performance. Blood samples were firstly obtained to collect plasma for the biochemical indexes determination. Liver tissues were then collected to determine the antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression. Dorsal muscles were also collected to determine the nutrient composition. The results show that when the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed ranged between 0 and 3 g/kg, the weight growth rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) values increased with the higher dietary bamboo charcoal content, and the maximum WGR and SGR values were achieved when the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed was 2–3 g/kg (p < 0.05). The Se content in muscle tissues decreased significantly with the increased bamboo charcoal content (p < 0.05) in the Se-rich feed, which ranged from 0 to 4 g/kg. When the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed was 2–3 g/kg, the levels of glucose (GLU) and albumin (ALB) in plasma reached a maximum (p < 0.05), whereas the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) reached a minimum (p < 0.05). Additionally, the activities of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) when the bamboo charcoal content was 3 g/kg. In contrast, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased sharply when the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed was 1 g/kg, compared to the control group and the groups supplemented with 2–3 g/kg bamboo charcoal (p < 0.05). Regarding mRNA-level gene expression, the results show that dietary supplementation with 0 to 3 g/kg of bamboo charcoal increased the expression of keap1 and nrf2, whereas nfkb expression was inhibited (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of the antioxidant enzymes cat, gpx, and mn-sod was consistently enhanced in the group fed with the 3 g/kg bamboo charcoal diet (p < 0.05). The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tnfα and tgfβ was inhibited in the groups supplemented with 2–3 g/kg bamboo charcoal, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (il10) increased in the bamboo charcoal supplementation groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Generally, supplementation with 2–3 g/kg of bamboo charcoal in Se-rich feed improved the growth performance, physiological status, and antioxidant enzyme activities of blunt snout bream. Moreover, bamboo charcoal supplementation in Se-rich diets stimulated the antioxidant system and inhibited the inflammatory response by activating Nrf2-Keap1 and suppressing NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jingyuan Hao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abd El-hameed SAA, Negm SS, Ismael NEM, Naiel MAE, Soliman MM, Shukry M, Abdel-Latif HMR. Effects of Activated Charcoal on Growth, Immunity, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Physiological Responses of Nile Tilapia Exposed to Sub-Lethal Imidacloprid Toxicity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051357. [PMID: 34064658 PMCID: PMC8151804 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Finding a suitable feed supplement is important for maintaining fish health and sustainability of the aquaculture industry. From these supplements, research studies have shown that activated charcoal (AC) has been extensively used for veterinary and aquaculture objectives as a “Universal Antidote” against several toxicants and aquatic pollutants. Therefore, the mitigating roles of dietary supplementation with different AC levels on physiological responses of Nile tilapia exposed to sub-lethal imidacloprid (IMID) toxicity were evaluated. The findings of this study revealed that dietary supplementation with 14.30 g AC/kg diet positively modulated the toxic impacts of IMID-intoxicated fish. Abstract The existing study was designed to assess the influences of dietary activated charcoal (AC) on the growth performance, immune responses, antioxidative status, and its mitigating roles against the physiological responses of Nile tilapia exposed a sub-lethal dose of a neonicotinoid agriculture pesticide, namely, as imidacloprid (IMID). Nile tilapia juveniles were fed on diets supplemented with graded AC levels as 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg diet for eight weeks. Growth, hemato-biochemical indices, and antioxidant and immune responses of fish in all groups were evaluated at the end of the feeding experiment. Afterward, fish in all experimental groups were subjected to a sub-lethal dose of IMID (0.0109 μg/L) for two weeks. Then, fish mortalities, stress indicators, and IMID residual levels in liver and flesh were examined. Results of the feeding experiment showed that total feed intake, weight gain, final body weights, and feed efficiency ratio were significantly increased in all AC groups compared with the control group. The survival rate was 100% in all experimental groups. No statistical differences were observed in the hematological picture of all experimental groups except the lymphocyte count, which was significantly increased in all AC groups compared to the control group. Total protein, albumin, globulin, nitric oxide levels, lysozyme, and respiratory burst activities were significantly increased in all AC groups. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in all AC groups compared with the AC0 group. After exposure to a sub-lethal dose of IMID, survival rates were significantly elevated, and IMID residual levels in liver and flesh were significantly decreased in all AC groups than in the control group. Moreover, second-order polynomial regression showed that dietary supplementation with 14.30 g AC/kg diet resulted in the lowest blood glucose and serum MDA levels. Conclusively, we suggest dietary supplementation with 14.30 g AC/kg diet to modulate physiological responses of Nile tilapia to sub-lethal IMID toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah A. A. Abd El-hameed
- Fish Health and Management Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia 44661, Egypt;
| | - Samar S. Negm
- Fish Biology and Ecology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia 44661, Egypt; (S.S.N.); (N.E.M.I.)
| | - Nahla E. M. Ismael
- Fish Biology and Ecology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia 44661, Egypt; (S.S.N.); (N.E.M.I.)
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schubert DC, Chuppava B, Witte F, Terjung N, Visscher C. Effect of Two Different Biochars as a Component of Compound Feed on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance Parameters in Growing Pigs. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.633958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine two different biochars as a component of compound feed regarding their effects on nutrient digestibility and performance parameters in growing pigs. A total of 18 male, intact piglets (N = 18) with 26 days of age and an initial bodyweight of 6.88 kg were divided into three homogeneous groups of six animals each (n = 6). Treatments were control (CON, no addition of biochar), 2% biochar 1 (BC 1, diet containing 2% biochar 1), and 2% biochar 2 (BC 2, diet containing 2% biochar 2). Before the start of the trials, the biochars were characterized regarding Brunnauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, surface energy, humidity, and ash content. During the first trial (weeks 1–6) a 3 × 3 Latin square was used to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of all three feed in each animal (N = 54, n = 18). By start of the second trial on day 42, three new homogenous groups were formed with two animals from each of the previous groups. Each group received one of the three diets for 4 weeks. In the first trial, the ATTD of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude fiber, and N-free extract was higher (p < 0.05) in pigs fed the biochar diets (BC1 and BC2) than in those animals fed the control diet. The greatest difference was found for ATTD of crude fiber, which was increased by 19.8 and 23.8%, respectively (CON: 30.8b ± 13.4%; BC 1: 38.4a ± 8.2%; BC 2: 40.4a ± 12.2%). ATTD of crude protein was only higher in BC 2 compared to CON (CON: 81.0b ± 4.1%; BC 1: 82.4ab ± 3.6%; BC 2: 84.2a ± 3.4%). In both trials, the different treatments revealed no effects on ADFI, ADWG or G:F (p > 0.05). The results indicate that no negative effects can be expected when 2% biochar is included in the feed for growing pigs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Firdus F, Samadi S, Muhammadar AA, Sarong MA, Muchlisin ZA, Sari W, Mellisa S, Satria S, Boihaqi B, Batubara AS. Supplementation of rice husk activated charcoal in feed and its effects on growth and histology of the stomach and intestines from giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis. F1000Res 2020; 9:1274. [PMID: 34104427 PMCID: PMC8150121 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27036.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research on supplementing feed with rice husk activated charcoal was carried out to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of rice husk activated charcoal on the growth and histological features of the giant trevally Caranx ignobilis intestine. Methods: This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and four replications, including adding activated charcoal to feed at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% for 42 days. The measured parameters included daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), survival rate (SR), length of foveola gastrica, width of foveola gastrica, length of intestinal villi, and width of intestinal villi. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test. Results: The results showed that supplementing fish feed with rice husk activated charcoal at different concentrations significantly affected the values of DGR, AGR, FCR, FE, SR, length of the foveola gastrica, length of the villous intestine, and width of the villous intestine, but did not significantly affect SGR or foveola gastrica width. Conclusion: The 2% rice husk activated charcoal treatment showed the best results for all parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdus Firdus
- Department of Biology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samadi Samadi
- Animal Husbandry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah A. Muhammadar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A. Sarong
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Zainal A. Muchlisin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Widya Sari
- Department of Biology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Siska Mellisa
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Satria Satria
- Ujung Batee, Center Brackiswater Aquaculture Development, Ujung Batee, Aceh Besar, Aceh Province, 23361, Indonesia
| | - Boihaqi Boihaqi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Agung Setia Batubara
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Firdus F, Samadi S, Muhammadar AA, Sarong MA, Muchlisin ZA, Sari W, Mellisa S, Satria S, Boihaqi B, Batubara AS. Supplementation of rice husk activated charcoal in feed and its effects on growth and histology of the stomach and intestines from giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis. F1000Res 2020; 9:1274. [PMID: 34104427 PMCID: PMC8150121 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27036.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Research on supplementing feed with rice husk activated charcoal was carried out to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of rice husk activated charcoal on the growth and histological features of the Caranx ignobilis intestine. Methods: This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and four replications, including adding activated charcoal to feed at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% for 42 days. The measured parameters included daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), survival rate (SR), length of foveola gastrica, width of foveola gastrica, length of intestinal villi, and width of intestinal villi. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test. Results: The results showed that supplementing fish feed with rice husk activated charcoal at different concentrations significantly affected the values of DGR, AGR, FCR, FE, SR, length of the foveola gastrica, length of the villous intestine, and width of the villous intestine, but did not significantly affect SGR or foveola gastrica width. Conclusion: The 2% rice husk activated charcoal treatment showed the best results for all parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdus Firdus
- Department of Biology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samadi Samadi
- Animal Husbandry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah A. Muhammadar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A. Sarong
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Zainal A. Muchlisin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Widya Sari
- Department of Biology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Siska Mellisa
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Satria Satria
- Ujung Batee, Center Brackiswater Aquaculture Development, Ujung Batee, Aceh Besar, Aceh Province, 23361, Indonesia
| | - Boihaqi Boihaqi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Agung Setia Batubara
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, 23111, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hinz K, Stracke J, Schättler JK, Kemper N, Spindler B. Effects of Enriched Charcoal as Permanent 0.2% Feed-Additive in Standard and Low-Protein Diets of Male Fattening Turkeys: An On-Farm Study. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E541. [PMID: 31398925 PMCID: PMC6721224 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet litter is the most important cause of footpad dermatitis in poultry, this in turn being a highly relevant animal-related welfare indicator. This field study was subdivided into two experiments. In Experiment 1, the standard diet was supplemented by 0.2% enriched charcoal, being a non-specific absorber and therefore might be promising in reducing faecal moisture. In Experiment 2, the experimental group received a reduced crude protein diet during weeks 6-13, combined with a 0.2% enriched charcoal supplementation. The trials were each conducted with two batches on three farms under on-farm conditions. The animals were observed at 6, 10, 14 and 18 weeks of age to collect data on body weight and different health parameters. The mortality and litter samples were analysed after slaughtering. In Experiment 1, performance and health were not affected despite higher dry matter content of the litter. In Experiment 2, the weight of birds receiving the protein-reduced diet was decreased significantly throughout the experiment. However, the slaughter weight did not differ. The mortality was reduced by 0.5% in the experimental group. Therefore, it was concluded that 0.2% of enriched charcoal is not a valuable feed-additive regarding animal health, while temporary protein reduction might have positive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hinz
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15 (Building 116), D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jenny Stracke
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15 (Building 116), D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jule Katrin Schättler
- Chamber of Agriculture Lower Saxony, Division Agriculture, Mars-la-Tour-Str. 6, D-26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15 (Building 116), D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Spindler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15 (Building 116), D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schmidt HP, Hagemann N, Draper K, Kammann C. The use of biochar in animal feeding. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7373. [PMID: 31396445 PMCID: PMC6679646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar, that is, carbonized biomass similar to charcoal, has been used in acute medical treatment of animals for many centuries. Since 2010, livestock farmers increasingly use biochar as a regular feed supplement to improve animal health, increase nutrient intake efficiency and thus productivity. As biochar gets enriched with nitrogen-rich organic compounds during the digestion process, the excreted biochar-manure becomes a more valuable organic fertilizer causing lower nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions during storage and soil application. Scientists only recently started to investigate the mechanisms of biochar in the different stages of animal digestion and thus most published results on biochar feeding are based so far on empirical studies. This review summarizes the state of knowledge up to the year 2019 by evaluating 112 relevant scientific publications on the topic to derive initial insights, discuss potential mechanisms behind observations and identify important knowledge gaps and future research needs. The literature analysis shows that in most studies and for all investigated farm animal species, positive effects on different parameters such as toxin adsorption, digestion, blood values, feed efficiency, meat quality and/or greenhouse gas emissions could be found when biochar was added to feed. A considerable number of studies provided statistically non-significant results, though tendencies were mostly positive. Rare negative effects were identified in regard to the immobilization of liposoluble feed ingredients (e.g., vitamin E or Carotenoids) which may limit long-term biochar feeding. We found that most of the studies did not systematically investigate biochar properties (which may vastly differ) and dosage, which is a major drawback for generalizing results. Our review demonstrates that the use of biochar as a feed additive has the potential to improve animal health, feed efficiency and livestock housing climate, to reduce nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions, and to increase the soil organic matter content and thus soil fertility when eventually applied to soil. In combination with other good practices, co-feeding of biochar may thus have the potential to improve the sustainability of animal husbandry. However, more systematic multi-disciplinary research is definitely needed to arrive at generalizable recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolas Hagemann
- Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies, Arbaz, Valais, Switzerland
- Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Kammann
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Michael F, Saleh N, Shalaby S, Sakr E, Abd-El-Khalek D, Abd Elmonem A. Effect of different dietary levels of commercial wood charcoal on growth, body composition and environmental loading of red tilapia hybrid. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2017; 23:210-216. [DOI: 10.1111/anu.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F.R. Michael
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory; Aquaculture Division; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF); Cairo Egypt
| | - N.E. Saleh
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory; Aquaculture Division; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF); Cairo Egypt
| | - S.M. Shalaby
- Aquaculture Department; Faculty of Fish Resources; Suez University; Suez Egypt
| | - E.M. Sakr
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory; Aquaculture Division; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF); Cairo Egypt
- Bio-Medical Sciences Department; Al-Farabi College For Dentistry and Nursing; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - D.E. Abd-El-Khalek
- Marine Chemistry Department; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF); Cairo Egypt
| | - A.I. Abd Elmonem
- Animal and Fish Production; Faculty of Agriculture; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vrabcova M, Mikuska L, Vazan R, Miko M, Varga I, Mravec B. Effect of chronic intake of liquid nutrition on stomach and duodenum morphology. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:435-42. [PMID: 27131951 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the quantity and/or quality of food intake have been shown to be associated with morphological and functional alterations of the gastrointestinal system. To examine this, we investigated the effect of chronic liquid nutrition intake (Fresubin) on stomach and duodenum morphology in Wistar rats fed liquid nutrition during different developmental periods. We used four groups of rats: a) control group (CON) fed pelleted chow for 130days; b) liquid nutrition group (LN) fed liquid nutrition for 130days; c) liquid nutrition juvenile group (LNJ) fed liquid nutrition for 70days and then pelleted food for 60days; d) liquid nutrition adult group (LNA) fed pelleted chow for 70days and then liquid nutrition for 60days. We found that LN and LNA rats showed a significant reduction of empty stomach mass compared to CON animals, while stomach and duodenal longitudinal muscle layer thickness did not differ between groups. Villus height was increased only in LNA animals, while villus width was increased in both LN and LNA rats. Crypt depth was reduced in LNJ. However, liquid nutrition intake did not affect villus height/crypt depth ratio, nor number of goblet cells. We found that chronic intake of liquid nutrition affects some morphological parameters of the stomach and duodenum but these changes were not homogenous between experimental groups. Interestingly, transition from liquid nutrition to solid food reversed the alterations of stomach weight as well as villus width induced by intake of liquid nutrition in LNA rats. Our data indicate that morphological and functional changes in the gastrointestinal system induced by qualitative and quantitative changes in food intake are at least partially reversible. Therefore, specific diets may be used potentially as adjuvant treatment for modulating the progression of gastrointestinal diseases by affecting stomach and small intestine morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Vrabcova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Livia Mikuska
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9/5779, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Vazan
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Miko
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Mravec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9/5779, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maneewan C, Yamauchi KE, Mekbungwan A, Nakano T, Fukuta K, Kashimura J, Mizu M, Kawai T, Nakagawa J. Histological alterations of intestinal villi and epithelial cells after feeding dietary sugar cane extract in piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Yamauchi K, Manabe N, Matsumoto Y, Yamauchi KE. Increased collagen accumulation in eggshell membrane after feeding with dietary wood charcoal powder and vinegar. Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:416-25. [PMID: 23972401 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.834895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Collagen in an eggshell membrane is important for egg preservation, medical burn treatment and manufacturing of cosmetics. Because collagen in the membrane is little, it is a need to improve the accumulation in the membrane to develop these applications. Wood charcoal powder with vinegar (WCV) is a natural substance that improves poultry production. In hen fed with WCV, total collagen in the eggshell membrane increased with an increase in dietary WCV and significantly increased in the 1.0% WCV group (p < 0.05). Scanning and light microscopic images revealed that this group had thicker eggshell membranes and a fine mesh structure composed of finer and more densely distributed fibres than in the control. Eggs from WCV group showed slow Haugh unit decrease during egg storage and the decrease correlated with total collagen in eggshell membrane. In intact chicken, type I and type III collagens were found in different specific locations in the oviduct but not in the membrane. The finding that collagen accumulates in the eggshell membrane under WCV feeding suggests that feeding chicken with WCV will permit long-term storage of eggs in poultry production, and the increased volume of total collagen will facilitate its application in medicine and cosmetics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Xie D, Li J, Wang ZX, Cao J, Li TT, Chen JL, Chen YX. Effects of monochromatic light on mucosal mechanical and immunological barriers in the small intestine of broilers. Poult Sci 2012; 90:2697-704. [PMID: 22080006 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that green and blue monochromatic lights were effective to stimulate immune response of the spleen in broilers. This study was designed to investigate the effects of monochromatic light on both gut mucosal mechanical and immunological barriers. A total of 120 Arbor Acre male broilers on post-hatching day (P) 0 were exposed to red light, green light (GL), blue light (BL), and white light (WL) for 49 d, respectively. As compared with broilers exposed to WL, the broilers exposed to GL showed that the villus height of small intestine was increased by 19.5% (P = 0.0205) and 38.8% (P = 0.0149), the crypt depth of small intestine was decreased by 15.1% (P = 0.0049) and 10.1% (P = 0.0005), and the ratios of villus height to crypt depth were increased by 39.3% (P < 0.0001) and 52.5% (P < 0.0001) at P7 and P21, respectively. Until P49, an increased villus height (33.6%, P = 0.0076), a decreased crypt depth (15.4%, P = 0.0201), and an increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (58.5%, P < 0.0001) were observed in the BL group as compared with the WL group. On the other hand, the numbers of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (27.9%, P < 0.0001 and 37.0%, P < 0.0001), goblet cells (GC, 22.1%, P < 0.0001 and 18.1%, P < 0.0001), and IgA(+) cells (14.8%, P = 0.0543 and 47.9%, P = 0.0377) in the small intestine were significantly increased in the GL group as compared with the WL group at P7 and P21, respectively. The numbers of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (36.2%, P < 0.0001), GC (26.5%, P < 0.0001), and IgA(+) cells (68.0%, P = 0.0177) in the BL group were also higher than those in the WL group at P49. These results suggest that both mucosal mechanical and immunological barriers of the small intestine may be improved by rearing broilers under GL at an early age and under BL at an older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Xie
- College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cai K, Jiang S, Ren C, He Y. Significant damage-rescuing effects of wood vinegar extract in living Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:29-36. [PMID: 21953290 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wood vinegar (WV), a byproduct from the charcoal production process, has been reported to have excellent antioxidant capability by chemical examination. However, the biological effect of WV in living animals is still unknown. In this study, a simple model organism, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, was used as an in vivo system to assess the biological effects of wood vinegar through the development, lifespan, brood size, germline cell apoptosis and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. RESULTS Wood vinegar extract (WVE) promoted the development, prolonged the lifespan and increased the brood size in reactive oxidative species (ROS)-sensitive mutant worms. WVE treatment rescued the effects of damage in germline cell apoptosis and SOD upregulation induced by paraquat, an ROS generator, to the control level. Additionally, WVE showed comparative ability in rescuing damage as compared with L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION WVE treatment exhibits a remedial/beneficial effect on ROS-sensitive mutant under normal cultural conditions and on wild-type worms under oxidative stress. ROS scavenging is involved in the damage-rescuing mechanism. This study will provide a basal biological and nutritional exploration for the use of WV as a functional food, and for the substitution of chemical antioxidants with side effects in food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal. Animal 2008; 2:366-74. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
23
|
YAMAUCHI KE. Review of a histological intestinal approach to assessing the intestinal function in chickens and pigs. Anim Sci J 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Yamauchi K, Buwjoom T, Koge K, Ebashi T. Histological alterations of the intestinal villi and epithelial cells in chickens fed dietary sugar cane extract. Br Poult Sci 2007; 47:544-53. [PMID: 17050097 DOI: 10.1080/00071660600963149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Sugar cane extract (SCE) is the residue after removing glucose, fructose and sucrose from sugar cane juice. To investigate the effects of dietary SCE on growth performance and alterations to intestinal histology, 36 male Sanuki Cochin chickens were divided into three groups: a control group was fed a commercial diet (180 g/kg CP, 13.59 MJ/kg ME) and the treatment groups were fed the commercial diet supplemented with 0.5 or 10 g/kg SCE ad libitum for 35 d. 2. Feed intake and weight gain tended to be higher in the 0.5 and 10 g/kg SCE groups than in the control group. No specific gross morphological alterations were observed in the visceral organs of chickens in any of the groups. However, intestinal villus height, villus area, epithelial cell area and cell mitosis in each intestinal segment had higher values in the SCE groups than in the control group. In the 0.5 and 10 g/kg SCE groups, but not in the control group, the cells on the villus apical surface protuberated and had larger cell clusters and some areas with cells with no microvilli. 3. The observed alterations to intestinal histology in chickens fed dietary SCE diets demonstrate that the function of villi and cells on the villus tip might be activated in all the intestinal segments and that cell turnover is also accelerated. These activated intestinal functions appear to promote growth and immuno-stimulation in chickens fed SCE diets, especially in the 0.5 g/kg group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Yamauchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Science, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa-ken, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mekbungwan A, Thongwittaya N, Yamauchi KE. Digestibility of soybean and pigeon pea seed meals and morphological intestinal alterations in pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2004; 66:627-33. [PMID: 15240936 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.66.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the nutrient digestibility of soybean meal (SM) and pigeon pea seed meal (PM) as well as morphological intestinal alterations in piglets fed them, three pigs per group were randomly selected at the end of the feeding experiment for ten days. Growth performance was higher in the SM group than in the PM group (p<0.05). The digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber was 80.6%, 23.6% and 52.4% in the SM group, while in the PM group, values of 49.8%, 23.6% and 43.2% were observed, respectively. Digestible energy was 3.26 kcal g(-1) in SM and 3.17 kcal g(-1) in PM. It was concluded that the digestibility of PM was lower than that of SM; almost half of the protein in PM was digested. Dietary treatments had no effect on length of each small intestinal segment and weight of visceral organs (small intestine, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, stomach and lung) except the decreased kidney weight in the PM group (p<0.05). The epithelial cells on the jejunal villi showed a dome-like shape in the SM group, but they were a flat shape in the PM group. The present digestion trial and histological intestinal data suggest that the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions are much more atrophied in the PM group than in the SM group, and demonstrate that histological intestinal alterations might be well related with the intestinal functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apichai Mekbungwan
- Department of Animal Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|