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Huang C, Wang Y, Zhou C, Fan X, Sun Q, Han J, Hua C, Li Y, Niu Y, Emeka Okonkwo C, Yao D, Song L, Otu P. Properties, extraction and purification technologies of Stevia rebaudiana steviol glycosides: A review. Food Chem 2024; 453:139622. [PMID: 38761729 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
For health and safety reasons, the search for green, healthy, and low-calorie sweeteners with good taste has become the demand of many consumers. Furthermore, the need for sugar substitutes of natural origin has increased dramatically. In this review, we briefly discussed the safety and health benefits of stevia sweeteners and enumerated some examples of physiological functions of steviol glycosides (SGs), such as anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anti-diabetes, and anticaries, citing various evidence related to their application in the food industry. The latest advances in emerging technologies for extracting and purifying SGs and the process variables and operational strategies were discussed. The impact of the extraction methods and their comparison against the conventional techniques have also been demonstrated. These technologies use minimal energy solvents and simplify subsequent purification stages, making viable alternatives suitable for a possible industrial application. Furthermore, we also elucidated the potential for advancing and applying the natural sweeteners SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Xingyu Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qiaolan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Chenhui Hua
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Clinton Emeka Okonkwo
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Deyang Yao
- Jiangsu Teweinong Food Co., Ltd., Xinghua 225700, PR China
| | - Linglin Song
- Jiangsu Teweinong Food Co., Ltd., Xinghua 225700, PR China
| | - Phyllis Otu
- Accra Technical University, P. O. Box GP 561, Barnes Road, Accra, Ghana
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Zhu S, Li J, Li Z, Wang Z, Wei Q, Shi F. Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on growth and intestinal health by regulating hypothalamic RNA profile and ileum microbiota in guinea pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4342-4353. [PMID: 38328855 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly used in sweetened foods and beverages; however their role in metabolic regulation is still not clear. In this experiment, we used guinea pigs as an animal model to study the effect of NNS on body growth and intestinal health by modifying gut microbiota and hypothalamus-related proteins. RESULTS For a 28-day feeding experiment a total of 40 guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups, one control (CN) group and three treatments, in which three NNS were added to the diet: rebaudioside A (RA, 330 mg kg-1), sodium saccharin (SS, 800 mg kg-1), and sucralose (TGS, 167 mg kg-1), respectively. The TGS group exhibited significantly reduced food consumption in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05) whereas the RA group showed increased food consumption in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05). Notably, Taste receptor type 1 subunit 2 (T1R2) expression in the hypothalamus was significantly higher in the RA group than in the CN group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of appetite-stimulated genes arouti-related neuropeptide (AGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHB) were significantly higher than those in the CN group (P < 0.05) but mRNA expressions of appetite-suppressed genes tryptophan hydroxylase 2(THP2) were significantly lower in the TGS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NNS in the guinea pig diets (RA, SS, TGS) significantly increased the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae but decreased the relative abundance of Clostridia_vadin BB60 in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05). We also found that dietary supplementation with RA also significantly altered the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. CONCLUSION Our finding confirmed that dietary supplementation with RA and TGS affected body growth and intestinal health by modulating hypothalamic RNA profiles and ileum microbiota, suggesting that NNS should be included in guinea-pig feeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanli Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Junrong Li
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Tang M, Zhao J, Wu Y, Yu C, Peng C, Liu H, Cui Y, Lan W, Lin Y, Kong X, Xiong X. Improving gut functions and egg nutrition with stevia residue in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103324. [PMID: 38141275 PMCID: PMC10784312 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of stevia residue (STER) on the production performance, egg quality and nutrition, antioxidant ability, immune responses, gut morphology and microbiota of laying hens during the peak laying period. A total of 270 Yikoujingfen NO. 8 laying hens (35 wk of age) were randomly divided into 5 treatments. The control group fed a basal diet and groups supplemented with 2, 4, 6, and 8% STER. The results showed that STER significantly increased egg production, the content of amino acids (alanine, proline, valine, ornithine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and cysteine) in egg whites, and decreased the yolk color (P < 0.05). Additionally, STER significantly increased acetate, HOMOγ linolenic acid and cis-13, 16-docosadienoic acid levels in egg yolk (P < 0.05). IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in serum significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05), while IL-1β significantly decreased (P < 0.05). STER also increased total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) in the liver and estradiol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05), but decreased the cortisol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05). For the intestinal morphology, the jejunal villus height and crypt-to-villus (V:C) significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05). STER increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota (P < 0.05), while deceased Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Synergistota (P < 0.05). In conclusion, STER improved egg production, quality and nutrition, improved the immune responses, antioxidant capabilities, estrogen level, gut morphology, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria while decreased the harmful bacteria. Among all treatments, 4 and 6% STER supplementation yielded the most favorable results in terms of enhancing production performance, egg nutrition, gut health, and immune capabilities in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd., Chengdu 61004, China
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chu Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Can Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yadong Cui
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Medeot DB, Nilson A, Miazzo RD, Grosso V, Ferrari W, Jofré E, Soltermann A, Peralta MF. Stevia as a natural additive on gut health and cecal microbiota in broilers. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100322. [PMID: 38045012 PMCID: PMC10692954 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia mash (SM), leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, is an additive used in poultry that enhances growth and health. Objective: to determine the effect of 1 % SM on productive parameters, gut health, and the cecal microbiome in broilers between the first 15 and 21 days old. One hundred sixty male, 1-day-old broilers (48.5 ± 2.5 g) were divided into Control (C) without SM and Treated (T) with 1 % SM on diet, during 15/21 days. Each subgroup had eight broilers/five repetitions/treatment. At day 15 or 21, all broilers were dissected, Fabricius Bursa and Gut removed and processed for histomorphometry, followed by Villi Height/Crypt Deep (VH/CD) ratio. Conversion Index (CI) was determined. The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified from DNA obtained from pooled cecal contents and sequenced on Illumina Miseq PE 2 × 250 platform. Sequence processing and taxonomic assignments were performed using the SHAMAN pipeline. Both T groups have better VH/CD Ratios than C groups (p ≤ 0.05). In guts, increased plasmatic and goblet cells number and thicker mucus layer were found in T15 and T21. All groups received SM showed early immunological maturity in Fabricius Bursa. IC was similar between all treatments. Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus torques group, and Bacteroides were the major genera modulated by SM addition. At 15 and 21 days old, SM exerts a impact on diversity and evenness of the cecal microbiome. Conclusion: SM (1 %) produced early immunologic maturity on Fabricius Bursa, increased intestinal functionality, and modified the microbiota, increasing beneficial microbial genera and microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela B. Medeot
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de las Interacciones Planta-Bacteria-Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y de Salud (INBIAS)- Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) UNRC: ruta 36 Km 601-5800-Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Armando Nilson
- Unidad de Investigación Aviar, Producción Avícola, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria-UNRC, Argentina
| | - Raul D. Miazzo
- Unidad de Investigación Aviar, Producción Avícola, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria-UNRC, Argentina
| | - Viviana Grosso
- Laboratorio de Vinculación Tecnológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales-UNRC, Argentina
| | - Walter Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de las Interacciones Planta-Bacteria-Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y de Salud (INBIAS)- Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) UNRC: ruta 36 Km 601-5800-Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Jofré
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de las Interacciones Planta-Bacteria-Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y de Salud (INBIAS)- Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) UNRC: ruta 36 Km 601-5800-Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Soltermann
- Laboratorio de Vinculación Tecnológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales-UNRC, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Peralta
- Unidad de Investigación Aviar, Producción Avícola, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria-UNRC, Argentina
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Stachurska X, Mizielińska M, Ordon M, Nawrotek P. The use of plant extracts and bacteriophages as an alternative therapy approach in combatting bacterial infections: the study of lytic phages and Stevia rebaudiana. J Vet Res 2023; 67:545-557. [PMID: 38130461 PMCID: PMC10730388 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the light of the problem of antibiotic resistance, the use of combined alternative therapies in combatting bacteria-related disorders has gained popularity. Bacteriophages are one element implemented in new combination therapy. Stevia rebaudiana is known to have antimicrobial activity and regarded as potentially having a synergistic effect with bacteriophages. Therefore, possible interactions of lytic bacteriophages (MS2, T4 and Phi6) with acetone and methanol S. rebaudiana extracts (SRa and SRm) in the bacterial environment were examined. Material and Methods The interactions were tested using a microdilution method, phage-extract co-incubation assay, static interaction (synography) and dynamic growth profile experiments in a bioreactor. Results The interactions of the tested factors in a static environment differed from those in a dynamic environment. Dynamic conditions altered the effect of the extracts in a concentration-dependent manner. How different the effect of the SRa extract was to that of the SRm extract on bacterial growth in a dynamic environment depended on the species of the phage and bacterial host. The greatest differences were observed for E. coli strains and their phages, whereas Pseudomonas syringae and the Phi6 phage reacted very similarly to both extracts. Differences also emerged for the same extract in different E. coli strains and their phages. Conclusion Every extract type should be tested on a case-by-case basis and experiment outcomes should not be generalised before gathering data. Moreover, many varied experiments should be performed, especially when examining such multifactorial mixtures. The tested mixtures could potentially be used in multidrug-resistant bacterial infection treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xymena Stachurska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mizielińska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ordon
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Nawrotek
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Szczecin, Poland
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Han JY, Park M, Lee HJ. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) extract ameliorates insulin resistance by regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:264. [PMID: 37488560 PMCID: PMC10367355 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a growing health problem worldwide, is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. The skeletal muscle is a central organ that consumes most of the insulin-stimulated glucose in the body, and insulin resistance can damage muscles in T2DM. Based on a strong correlation between diabetes and muscles, we investigated the effects of stevia extract (SE) and stevioside (SV) on the skeletal muscle of diabetic db/db mice. METHODS The mice were administered saline, metformin (200 mg/kg/day), SE (200 and 500 mg/kg/day), and SV (40 mg/kg/day) for 35 days. During administration, we checked the levels of fasting blood glucose twice a week and conducted the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). After administration, we analyzed serum biochemical parameters, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), insulin and antioxidant enzymes, and the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers of db/db mice. Western blots were conducted using the skeletal muscle of mice to examine the effect of SE and SV on protein expression of insulin signaling, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. RESULTS SE and SV administration lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose, OGTT, and ITT in db/db mice. The administration also decreased serum levels of TG, TC, and insulin while increasing those of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Interestingly, muscle fiber size was significantly increased in db/db mice treated with SE500 and SV. In the skeletal muscle of db/db mice, SE and SV administration activated insulin signaling by increasing the protein expression of insulin receptor substrate, Akt, and glucose transporter type 4. Furthermore, SE500 administration markedly increased the protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase-α, sirtuin-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α. SV administration significantly reduced oxidative stress by down-regulating the protein expression of 4-hydroxynonenal, heme oxygenase-1, SOD, and GPx. In addition, SE500 and SV administration suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. CONCLUSION SE and SV administration attenuated hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Moreover, the administration ameliorated insulin resistance by regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, increasing muscle fiber size. Overall, this study suggests that SE and SV administration may serve as a potential strategy for the treatment of diabetic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Han
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
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Adams JRG, Mehat J, La Ragione R, Behboudi S. Preventing bacterial disease in poultry in the post-antibiotic era: a case for innate immunity modulation as an alternative to antibiotic use. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205869. [PMID: 37469519 PMCID: PMC10352996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics in the poultry industry has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which pose a significant health risk to humans and animals. These public health concerns, which have led to legislation limiting antibiotic use in animals, drive the need to find alternative strategies for controlling and treating bacterial infections. Modulation of the avian innate immune system using immunostimulatory compounds provides a promising solution to enhance poultry immune responses to a broad range of bacterial infections without the risk of generating antibiotic resistance. An array of immunomodulatory compounds have been investigated for their impact on poultry performance and immune responses. However, further research is required to identify compounds capable of controlling bacterial infections without detrimentally affecting bird performance. It is also crucial to determine the safety and effectiveness of these compounds in conjunction with poultry vaccines. This review provides an overview of the various immune modulators known to enhance innate immunity against avian bacterial pathogens in chickens, and describes the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. G. Adams
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Avian Immunology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Jai Mehat
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Bayril T. Effects of dietary stevia and ginger extracts on fattening
performance, organ weights and serum biochemical parameters
in quails exposed to heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/159282/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Jiang M, Datsomor O, Cheng Z, Meng Z, Zhan K, Yang T, Huang Y, Yan Q, Zhao G. Partial Substitution of Alfalfa Hay by Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Hay Can Improve Lactation Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Nitrogen Utilization of Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899148. [PMID: 35664855 PMCID: PMC9158501 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis alfalfa hay (AH) with stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) hay in dairy cow diets on nutrient digestion, milk performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen (N) utilization. In this study, 24 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with a similar milk yield of 33.70 ± 2.75 (mean ± SD) kg, days in milk 95.98 ± 23.59 (mean ± SD) days, and body weight 587.75 ± 66.97 (mean ± SD) kg were selected and randomly allocated into three groups. The constituents of the three treatments were (1) 30.0% AH, and 0% stevia hay (SH) for the AH group; (2) 24.0% AH, and 6% SH for the 6% SH group; (3) 18.0% AH, and 12% SH for the 12% SH group. The substitution of AH with SH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), gross energy (GE), and other nutrients intake but increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Compared with the AH diet, the cows fed the 6% SH diet had a higher milk yield and concentration of milk fat. Fecal and urinary nitrogen (N) were lower in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed the AH diet. Milk N secretion and milk N as a percentage of N intake were higher in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed AH diets. The concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, and ammonia-N were higher in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed an AH diet. By comparison, the 12% SH group did not affect milk yield, milk composition, N utilization, and rumen fermentation compared with the AH and 6% SH groups. In conclusion, it appears that feeding 6% SH, replacing a portion of AH, may improve lactation performance and N utilization for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Huang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqi Zhao
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Stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana) Improves Carotenoid Content in Eggs When Fed to Laying Hens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101418. [PMID: 35626986 PMCID: PMC9140590 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a shrub with leaves that have a high concentration of carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin. Egg yolks are a bioavailable source of lutein and zeaxanthin. The consumption of these carotenoids has been linked with improved human health. To investigate the impact of dried stevia leaves at 0%, 1% and 2% on the quality variables, the chemical composition and antioxidant content of eggs, the experiment involved 90 Hy-Line Brown laying hens, housed in 30 enriched layer cages, in groups of three from 22 to 26 weeks of age. The impact on the internal qualities of stored eggs was also examined. Yolks from hens fed stevia had an enriched color compared with the controls. At the end of the experiment, the whole egg, without shell, of birds fed 2% stevia had a higher total carotenoid content (p < 0.001) compared with birds fed 1% and 0% stevia, i.e., 5.16 (µg/g), 4.23 (µg/g) and 2.96 (µg/g), respectively. Storage reduced albumen height and increased albumen pH (p < 0.001). Stevia supplementation did not interact (p > 0.05) with storage time among the egg quality variables. Consuming eggs from hens fed stevia may increase carotenoids in human diet.
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Xu L, Wei Y, Wang J, Tang S, Zhou C, Tan Z, Han X. Effects of the natural sweetener rebaudioside A on intake, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and blood biochemical parameters in adult goats during summer. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13532. [PMID: 33634929 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary rebaudioside A inclusion on feed intake, digestion of nutrients, rumen fermentation, and blood biochemical parameters of goats were evaluated in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square study. Nine adult goats during summer were fed a basal forage/concentrate-based diet and the forage was chopped rice straw. The three dietary treatments were 0, 350, and 700 mg rebaudioside A per kg chopped rice straw on a DM basis. No significant improvement was observed in dry matter intake (DMI) of forage and diet among treatments. Nutrient digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) showed a significant trend (p < .10) across groups. Rebaudioside A inclusion significantly (p < .01) increased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen, however, there were no differences in concentration of ruminal ammonia, and molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. About blood metabolites, increasing rebaudioside A in the diet caused a quadratic response in glucose and total protein, and albumin concentrations. Under the conditions of this study, supplementation with rebaudioside A at 350 and 700 mg/kg forage did not improve consumption of rice straw-based diet in adult goats in summer. However, the responses in digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites appear to indicate the potential of rebaudioside A as a bio-active substance in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiurong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Molina-Barrios RM, Avilés-Trejo CR, Puentes-Mercado ME, Cedillo-Cobián JR, Hernández-Chavez JF. Effect of dietary stevia-based sweetener on body weight and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 14:913-917. [PMID: 34083940 PMCID: PMC8167524 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.913-917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Steviol glycosides extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have been of much consideration recently because of their beneficial effects on health, raising the possibilities for improving farm animals’ health. Although some studies on stevia’s dietary effect on body weight gain are available, few studies have been conducted to evaluate stevioside supplementation on immune response in broilers. This experiment aimed to analyze how a stevia-based sweetener can affect broiler chickens’ growth performance and humoral response. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, one hundred and twenty 1-day-old Cobb-line broiler chicks fed with commercial starter/grower diets were included in three groups and supplemented with stevia-based sweetener at levels 0, 80, and 160 ppm, respectively. Chickens were weighed on day 0 and every 7 days for the next 6 weeks. Chicks were then immunized on days 10 and 24 with a Newcastle and infectious bronchitis vaccine and blood sampled on days 7, 24, and 35. Serologic assays were performed to detect specific antibody levels. Results: The body weight means and body weight gain on day 42 were found to be significantly higher in birds from the group fed with 80 ppm of stevia-based sweetener than those in the control group and slightly higher than those in the group supplemented with 160 ppm of stevia-based sweetener. Likewise, on day 35, antibodies against the Newcastle disease virus were higher in the treatment groups. Immune response to infectious bronchitis virus vaccination was not statistically different among the three groups through the experiment. Conclusion: Stevia-based sweetener at 80 ppm in commercial-based diets improved body weight gain and immune response in broiler chickens at the market age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Miguel Molina-Barrios
- Department of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Technological Institute of Sonora, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Cielo Rubí Avilés-Trejo
- Department of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Technological Institute of Sonora, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
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13
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Jan SA, Habib N, Shinwari ZK, Ali M, Ali N. The anti-diabetic activities of natural sweetener plant Stevia: an updated review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the key metabolic diseases cause due to defects in the secretion of insulin, insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, or both. Plants remained an important source of nutrition as well as medicine. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is one of the important high qualities non-caloric sugar substitute sweetener plants against diabetes disease. The compounds like steviol, rebaudioside A, stevioside, etc. can lower the sugar level many fold. In addition, it decreases oxidative stress, hence reduces the risk of diabetes. Its leaves have been used for the control and treatment of diabetes and many other metabolic diseases. In animal model experiments it reduces blood sugar level and promotes liver and kidney functions. In this review, we highlighted the most recent literature on the safe use of Stevia for the treatment of diabetes, its use as a functional food, and its mode of therapeutic action in different animal model experiments. However, keeping Stevia as a model plant; detailed investigations are needed for the identification of new metabolites and its use against diabetes and related diseases.
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Jiang J, Qi L, Lv Z, Wei Q, Shi F. Dietary stevioside supplementation increases feed intake by altering the hypothalamic transcriptome profile and gut microbiota in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2156-2167. [PMID: 32981085 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevioside (STE) is a widely used sweetener. Despite the fact that chickens are insensitive to sweetness, dietary STE supplementation could increase the feed intake of broiler chickens. Stevioside might regulate the feeding behavior through functional mechanisms other than its high-potency sweetness. The present study was aimed to elucidate the potential sweetness-independent mechanism of an STE-induced orexigenic effect using the broiler chicken and considering the hypothalamic transcriptome profile and gut microbiome. RESULTS The analysis of RNA-Seq identified 398 differently expressed genes (160 up-regulated and 238 down-regulated) in the hypothalamus of the STE-supplemented group compared with the control group. Cluster analysis revealed several appetite-related genes were differentially expressed, including NPY, NPY5R, TSHB, NMU, TPH2, and DDC. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing data also indicated that dietary STE supplementation increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillales, Bacilli, Lactobacillus, and Lactobacillaceae. Meanwhile, the proportion of Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridia, and Clostridiales was decreased after dietary supplementation with STE. CONCLUSION Dietary STE supplementation promoted feed intake through the regulation of the hypothalamic neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and the alteration of intestinal microbiota composition. This study provides valuable information about the sweetness-independent mechanism of the STE-induced orexigenic effect using the broiler chicken (which is insensitive to sweetness) as the animal model. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Pirgozliev V, Kljak K, Whiting IM, Rose SP, Mansbridge SC, Enchev S, Atanasov A, Stringhini JH. Feeding dry stevia leaf (Stevia rebaudiana) or xylanase improves the hepatic antioxidative status of broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:227-229. [PMID: 33689879 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Four diets, formulated with and without stevia and with and without exogenous xylanase, following a 2 × 2 factorial design, were prepared. Each diet was fed ad libitum to birds in eight pens (three birds in each pen) in a randomised block design. It was found that birds fed xylanase grew faster, used the feed more efficiently and had an increased concentration of hepatic α-tocopherol and vitamin E concentrations (P < 0.05). Feeding stevia did not affect growth performance (P > 0.05), but increased hepatic CoQ10 (P = 0.05), lutein, zeaxanthin and total carotenoids (P < 0.001) concentrations. There were no dietary stevia by xylanase interactions (P > 0.05) for any of the studied variables. The results showed that alone, dietary stevia and dietary xylanase can improve the antioxidative status of birds through enhancing dietary antioxidant availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Pirgozliev
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK.
| | - Kristina Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Stephen Paul Rose
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
| | | | | | - Atanas Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Effect of rearing temperature on physiological measures and antioxidant status of broiler chickens fed stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) leaf meal and exogenous xylanase. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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17
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Chen J, Lei Y, Zhang Y, He S, Liu L, Dong X. Beyond sweetness: The high-intensity sweeteners and farm animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Castro-Muñoz R, Díaz-Montes E, Cassano A, Gontarek E. Membrane separation processes for the extraction and purification of steviol glycosides: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2152-2174. [PMID: 32496876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1772717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides (SGs), as natural sweeteners from Stevia rebaudiana, are currently employed for replacing sugar and its derivatives in several food products and formulations. Such compounds play an essential role in human health. Their usage provides a positive effect on preventing diseases related to sugar consumption, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and lipid metabolism disorders. The traditional extraction of SGs is performed by means of solvent extraction, which limits their application since the removal of residual solvents is a challenging task requiring further downstream purification steps. In addition, the presence of residual solvents negatively affects the quality of such compounds. Today, food technicians are looking for innovative and improved techniques for the extraction, recovery and purification of SGs. Membrane-based technologies, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration, have long been proven to be a valid alternative for efficient extraction and purification of several high added-value molecules from natural sources. Such processes and their possible coupling in integrated membrane systems have been successfully involved in recovery protocols of several compounds, such as metabolites, polyphenols, anthocyanins, natural pigments, proteins, from different sources (e.g., agro-food wastes, plant extracts, fruits, fermentation broths, among others). Herein, we aim to review the current progresses and developments about the extraction of SGs with membrane operations. Our attention has been paid to the latest insights in the field. Furthermore, key process parameters influencing the extraction and purification of SGs are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsa Díaz-Montes
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Alfredo Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Emilia Gontarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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Zou X, Tan Q, Goh BH, Lee LH, Tan KL, Ser HL. ‘Sweeter’ than its name: anti-inflammatory activities of Stevia rebaudiana. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1771434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - QiWen Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kai-Leng Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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20
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Ramos-Tovar E, Flores-Beltrán RE, Galindo-Gómez S, Camacho J, Tsutsumi V, Muriel P. An aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana variety Morita II prevents liver damage in a rat model of cirrhosis that mimics the human disease. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:472-479. [PMID: 31053541 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Stevia has exhibited antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties in several in vivo and in vitro models. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of an aqueous extract of stevia (AES) to prevent experimental cirrhosis in rats and to explore its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver cirrhosis was induced by administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (400mg/kg by i.p. injection 3 times a week for 12 weeks); AES was administered (100mg/kg by gavage daily) during the CCl4 treatment. Fibrosis was evaluated with histological, biochemical and molecular approaches, and liver damage was assessed with standardized procedures. The profibrotic pathways were analyzed by western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic CCl4 administration increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and proinflammatory cytokine production as well as oxidative parameters such as lipid peroxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal levels, whereas GSH and nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels were decreased. CCl4 induced profibrogenic mediator expression, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and, consequently, extracellular matrix production. AES exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, probably because of its capacity to induce Nrf2 expression, reduce NF-κB expression and block several profibrogenic signaling pathways, subsequently inhibiting HSC activation and preventing fibrosis induced by chronic CCl4 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa E Flores-Beltrán
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Galindo-Gómez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Jiang J, Liu S, Jamal T, Ding T, Qi L, Lv Z, Yu D, Shi F. Effects of dietary sweeteners supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemicals, and jejunal physiological functions of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3948-3958. [PMID: 32731982 PMCID: PMC7597925 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary 3 kinds of sweeteners supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemicals, and jejunal physiological functions of broiler chickens for 21 D. A total of one hundred ninety-two 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates for each treatment. The treatments were basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg stevioside (STE), a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg sucralose (SUC), and a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg saccharin sodium (SAC). All birds were housed in 3-level battery cages. The results showed that dietary STE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) growth performance, serum total protein, serum albumin, and jejunal antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens. Both SUC and SAC supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) serum total protein and albumin. Dietary SAC supplementation impaired the intestinal integrity, permeability, and mucus layer of the jejunum in broiler chickens. In addition, SAC supplementation elevated (P < 0.05) the transcription expression level of jejunal bitter taste receptors and induced excessive jejunal apoptosis. Our data suggest that STE could be potentially applied as a growth-promoting and antioxidant feed additive in broiler chickens. Whereas, dietary supplementation with high level SAC has side-effects on the jejunal physiological functions of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Jiang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Liu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuniyaz Jamal
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengxin Ding
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Qi
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Debing Yu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Arumugam B, Subramaniam A, Alagaraj P. Stevia as a Natural Sweetener: A Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 18:94-103. [PMID: 32031079 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666200207105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana of the Asteraceae family is a perennial shrub. It is a sweetener herb also known as sweet weed, sweet leaf, sweet herbs and honey leaf, native to Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. The leaves of stevia are sweeter than sucrose with zero calories. Steviol, a diterpenoid glycoside derivative identified from this plant, is sweeter than sucrose and is safe when used as a sweetening agent. Diabetic and obese people with hyperglycemia who are in a condition to follow a strict diet can use stevioside as an alternative sweetener. In addition to its hypoglycemic property, the plant also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, antiseptic, diuretic, anti-fertility and cardiotonic properties. It has also been documented to show good effects on treating skin diseases such as dermatitis, acne, eczema etc. The leaves of stevia with enriched phytoconstituents could be an alternative natural sweetener for children, adults and old age persons who have a craze to drink beverages and eat sweetened food products in their habitual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Arumugam
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arunambiga Subramaniam
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Praveena Alagaraj
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
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Dietary Stevioside Supplementation Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Damage through Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120575. [PMID: 31766443 PMCID: PMC6943682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary stevioside (STE) supplementation on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal mucosal damage of broiler chickens. A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg stevioside (STE); (3) basal diet + LPS-challenge (LPS); (4) basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg stevioside + LPS-challenge (LPS + STE). LPS-challenged groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS at 17, 19 and 21 d, whereas the CON and STE groups received a saline injection. The results showed that dietary STE supplementation normalized LPS-induced changes in protein expression of p-NF-κB and p-IκBα, mRNA expression of inflammatory genes (TLR4, NF-κB, and IFN-γ), tight junction-related genes (CLDN2, OCLN, and ZO-1), and antioxidant genes (Nrf2 and HO-1). LPS-induced decreases in serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, apoptotic index, and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were reversed with dietary STE supplementation. Additionally, STE supplementation ameliorated the redox damage by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and antioxidant enzyme activity. In conclusion, dietary stevioside supplementation could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal mucosal damage through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in broiler chickens.
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Wu X, Yang P, Sifa D, Wen Z. Effect of dietary stevioside supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and intestinal microflora in broilers. Food Funct 2019; 10:2340-2346. [PMID: 31020296 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disinhibition of antibiotics promotes the use of probiotics, prebiotics, immune enhancers, and plant extracts. We investigated the effects of stevioside on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and intestinal microflora in broilers. Eight hundred ninety-six one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks (average body weight 48.36 ± 0.21 g) were allotted to 1 of 7 experimental treatments. Treatments consisted of: (1) control (basal diet without supplemental stevioside), (2) 100 mg kg-1 supplemental stevioside (S100), (3) 200 mg kg-1 supplemental stevioside (S200), (4) 400 mg kg-1 supplemental stevioside (S400), (5) 800 mg kg-1 supplemental stevioside (S800), (6) 1600 mg kg-1 supplemental stevioside (S1600), and (7) 3200 mg kg-1 supplemental stevioside (S3200). Performance was not affected by stevioside concentration. Dietary stevioside supplementation increased the digestibility of calcium (P < 0.05) and tended to improve phosphorus digestibility (P = 0.0730). There was a linear effect of dietary stevioside on the concentration of serum glucose (P < 0.05). The serum IgG and IgA levels were linearly increased by stevioside supplementation (P < 0.05). In the ileal digesta, the concentration of E. coli decreased with increasing dietary stevioside supplementation (P < 0.05). On the contrary, dietary stevioside supplementation increased the concentration of Bifidobacteria (P < 0.01) and tended to improve the concentration of Lactobacillus (P = 0.0791). In conclusion, our data suggest that stevioside supplementation could improve the calcium and phosphorus digestibility and decrease blood glucose levels of broilers. Additionally, dietary stevioside supplementation significantly increased Bifidobacteria in the cecal digesta, and decreased E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhuang Wu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, People's Republic of China.
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Bueno-Hernández N, Vázquez-Frías R, Abreu y Abreu A, Almeda-Valdés P, Barajas-Nava L, Carmona-Sánchez R, Chávez-Sáenz J, Consuelo-Sánchez A, Espinosa-Flores A, Hernández-Rosiles V, Hernández-Vez G, Icaza-Chávez M, Noble-Lugo A, Romo-Romo A, Ruiz-Margaín A, Valdovinos-Díaz M, Zárate-Mondragón F. Review of the scientific evidence and technical opinion on noncaloric sweetener consumption in gastrointestinal diseases. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Bueno-Hernández N, Vázquez-Frías R, Abreu Y Abreu AT, Almeda-Valdés P, Barajas-Nava LA, Carmona-Sánchez RI, Chávez-Sáenz J, Consuelo-Sánchez A, Espinosa-Flores AJ, Hernández-Rosiles V, Hernández-Vez G, Icaza-Chávez ME, Noble-Lugo A, Romo-Romo A, Ruiz-Margaín A, Valdovinos-Díaz MA, Zárate-Mondragón FE. Review of the scientific evidence and technical opinion on noncaloric sweetener consumption in gastrointestinal diseases. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2019; 84:492-510. [PMID: 31564473 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present review of noncaloric sweeteners (NCSs) by the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología was carried out to analyze and answer some of the most frequent questions and concerns about NCS consumption in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, through a thorough review of the medical literature. A group of gastroenterologists and experts on nutrition, toxicology, microbiology, and endocrinology reviewed and analyzed the published literature on the topic. The working group formulated conclusions, based on the scientific evidence published, to give an opinion with respect to NCS ingestion. Current evidence does not confirm the carcinogenic potential of NCSs. However, the studies analyzed showed that saccharin could have a proinflammatory effect and that polyols can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and manifestations, depending on the dose and type of compound. The ingestion of xylitol, erythritol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame K, and saccharin could increase the secretion of the gastrointestinal hormones that regulate intestinal motility, and stevia and its derivatives could have a favorable effect on the percentage of liver fat. Caution should be taken in recommending aspartame consumption in patients with chronic liver disease because it reduces the ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids. In addition, NCS ingestion could modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, having an effect on gastrointestinal symptoms and manifestations. It is important to continue conducting causality studies on humans to be able to establish recommendations on NSC consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bueno-Hernández
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - R Vázquez-Frías
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A T Abreu Y Abreu
- Gastroenterología, Hospital Ángeles Pedregal, Ciudad de México, México
| | - P Almeda-Valdés
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L A Barajas-Nava
- Unidad de Investigación de Medicina Basada en Evidencia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - J Chávez-Sáenz
- Consulta privada de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Andares, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - A Consuelo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A J Espinosa-Flores
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México
| | - V Hernández-Rosiles
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Hernández-Vez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M E Icaza-Chávez
- Consulta privada de Gastroenterología, Hospital Star Médica, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - A Noble-Lugo
- Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Español de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Romo-Romo
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Ruiz-Margaín
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M A Valdovinos-Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F E Zárate-Mondragón
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
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Anker CCB, Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Effect of Steviol Glycosides on Human Health with Emphasis on Type 2 Diabetic Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091965. [PMID: 31438580 PMCID: PMC6770957 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, steviol glycoside (SG), has been proposed to exhibit a range of antidiabetic properties. The objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate evidence for the effectiveness of SGs on human health, particularly type 2 diabetic (T2D) biomarkers, collecting data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic searches were performed in PubMed and EMBASE and the bibliography of retrieved full-texts was hand searched. Using the Cochrane criteria, the reporting quality of included studies was assessed. Seven studies, nine RCTs, including a total of 462 participants were included. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of SGs on following outcomes: BMI, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipids, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The meta-analysis revealed an overall significant reduction in systolic BP in favour of SGs between SG and placebo, mean difference (MD): -6.32 mm Hg (-7.69 to 0.46). The overall effect of BMI, diastolic BP, FBG, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was a non-significant reduction in favour of SGs, and a non-significant increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, while no significant effect of HbA1c was found. Heterogeneity was significant for several analyses. More studies investigating the effect of SGs on human health, particularly T2D biomarkers, are warranted.
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Salehi B, López MD, Martínez-López S, Victoriano M, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, F Rodrigues C, Martins N. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni bioactive effects: From in vivo to clinical trials towards future therapeutic approaches. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2904-2917. [PMID: 31423662 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a plant from South America and indigenous of Paraguay, has shown several biological effects and healthy properties, although it is especially used in South America and some Asiatic regions. In addition, it is a natural sweetener, almost 300 times sweeter than sucrose, being attributed to its phytoconstituents prominent antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic (antihyperglycemic, insulinotropic, and glucagonostatic), antiplatelet, anticariogenic, and antitumor effects. In this sense, this work aims to provide an extensive overview on the historical practices of stevia and its effects in human health based on its chemical composition and applications for both food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maria Dolores López
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sara Martínez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Biotechnology, and Nutrition, School of Biomedical Sciences, European University of Madrid (UEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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29
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Boonkaew B, Udompaisarn S, Arthan D, Somana J. Expression and characterization of a recombinant stevioside hydrolyzing β-glycosidase from Enterococcus casseliflavus. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 163:105449. [PMID: 31295559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The demand for steviol glycosides, non-caloric sweet components of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (stevia) leaves, has increased considerably as a benefit to enhance human health. However, the supply has remained challenging due to limited production, with the lack of a specific steviol glycoside hydrolyzing enzyme. In this study, a novel β-glucosidase (EcBgl) from Enterococcus casseliflavus was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. An EcBgl consists of 721 amino acids corresponding to a molecular mass of 79.37 kDa. The EcBgl was purified to homogeneity, followed by enzyme characterization. The enzyme showed optimum pH and temperature at 6.0 and 37 °C, and exhibited the kinetic constants kcat/Km for pNPG and kcat/Km for stevioside of 8583 mM-1s-1 and 95.41 mM-1s-1, respectively. When compared to the stevioside hydrolyzing β-glycosidases previously reported, EcBgl was found to be the most efficient enzyme. EcBgl also rendered hydrolysis of the stevioside to produce rubusoside, a rare steviol glycoside with a pharmaceutical solubilizing property, by cleaving at the glucose moiety. In addition, the enzyme demonstrated substantial resistance against amygdalin, so it served as a potential enzyme in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bootsakorn Boonkaew
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Wanglang Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsiri Udompaisarn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition & Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Rachawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jamorn Somana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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BLIDAR CRISTIANFELIX, POP IULIAFLORINA, FENESI BRIGITTA. In vitro Allelopathy at Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. and Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.1/154.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Han X, Chen C, Zhang X, Wei Y, Tang S, Wang J, Tan Z, Xu L. Effects of Dietary Stevioside Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites of Goats. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020032. [PMID: 30678077 PMCID: PMC6406306 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study evaluated the effects of stevioside, a natural sweetener that is an extract of Stevia, on feed intake and feeding behavior of goats. The results demonstrated that the consumption of forage was improved after supplementation with stevioside. Supplementation of stevioside resulted in improved total diet consumption of goats. These results are useful for ruminant producers to use natural sweeteners to regulate the intakes of animals. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of stevioside on feed intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and serum biochemical parameters in goats. Nine male Xiangdong black goats (21.8 ± 1.5 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. All goats were fed a basal diet including concentrate and forage (chopped rice straw). The three treatments were 0, 400, or 800 mg stevioside per kg chopped rice straw on a dry matter (DM) basis. Dry matter intake of forage and total diet linearly increased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04) with increasing stevioside in the diet. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of stevioside inclusion in the diets on eating time, rumination time, or total mastication time for the goats. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen responded quadratically (p < 0.01), decreasing from 0 to 400 mg/kg stevioside inclusion and increasing thereafter. The inclusion of steviosid in the diets promoted a quadratic increase in the apparent total tract digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p = 0.02) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p = 0.01). Based on the results of this experiment, it could be concluded that supplementing goat diets with stevioside at 400 mg/kg to 800 mg/kg forage (about 270 to 541 mg/kg diet) resulted in increased dry intake of forage and total diet, suggesting that stevioside has positive potential as a feed additive to improve feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Chaoxi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yuqing Wei
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jiurong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Liwei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang C, Hossen I, Raka RN, Zhang H. Stevia residue extract increases intestinal uric acid excretion via interactions with intestinal urate transporters in hyperuricemic mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:7900-7912. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The supplementation of STVRE significantly attenuated hyperuricemia and oxidative stress, upregulated ABCG2 and downregulated GLUT9 (protein and mRNA) expression in hyperuricemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
| | - Imam Hossen
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
| | - Rifat Nowshin Raka
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
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Molnár A, Dublecz F, Pál L, Wágner L, Hess C, Hess M, Husvéth F, Dublecz K. Soluble nondigestible carbohydrates improve intestinal function and increase caecal coliform load in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1615-1624. [PMID: 30221417 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in various soluble nondigestible carbohydrates (sNDCs) were evaluated on different intestinal characteristics (histological, physico-chemical and microbiological) of chickens and compared with a maize-based diet as a control. A total of 160 Ross 308 male chickens were kept in deep litter pens (n = 40) and fed their appropriate diets from Day 1 to Day 35 of life. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, differing in their sNDC content, were composed; control (containing maize as the only cereal), maize-wheat-based (M + W) and maize-based supplemented with either 20 g/kg inulin (M + I) or 30 g/kg lactose (M + L). All of the diets tested decreased ileal crypt depth, ileal muscle layer thickness and increased caecal coliform counts relative to the control group. Villus-crypt ratio increased only in the M + L group. Ileal digesta of chickens fed the M + W diet had the highest ileal viscosity and the highest caecal butyrate, valerate and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations while the lowest pH was observed in caecal contents of chickens fed the M + I diet. The diet had no effect on ileal or caecal goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers. Lactobacillus counts in the caecal content remained unchanged. According to the present study, various sNDC sources may have beneficial gut health effects, however, some of the intestinal variables are dependent on the type of sNDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andor Molnár
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dublecz
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary.,UBM Feed Kft, Pilisvörösvár, Hungary
| | - László Pál
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - László Wágner
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Husvéth
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Károly Dublecz
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
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Debnath M, Ashwath N, Hill CB, Callahan DL, Dias DA, Jayasinghe NS, Midmore DJ, Roessner U. Comparative metabolic and ionomic profiling of two cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Bertoni) grown under salinity stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:56-70. [PMID: 29800808 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive investigation on the impact of increasing NaCl concentrations on hydroponically grown Stevia rebaudiana cultivars (Shoutian-2 and Fengtian). Growth parameters including plant height, biomass and physiological responses including osmotic potential were measured. In addition, the levels of steviol glycosides, elements and primary metabolites were measured and statistically evaluated. The cultivar Fengtian grew faster, accumulated less Na+ and compatible organic solutes, and more K+ in the leaves, as compared to the cv. Shoutian-2. Metabolite analysis identified 81 differentially accumulated metabolites, indicating an alteration in the metabolite phenotype of both cultivars upon exposure to salinity A general increase in many amino acids, amines, sugars and sugar phosphates with a concurrent decrease in most organic acids; including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, was observed. In the more salt tolerant cv. Fengtian, the levels of hexose phosphates and metabolites involved in cellular protection increased in response to salinity. These metabolites remained unchanged in the sensitive cv. Shoutian-2. Interestingly, salt treatment notably increased the rebaudioside A concentration by 53% while at the same time stevioside decreased by 38% in Fengtian which has important implications for controlling the relative amounts of reboudioside A and stevioside. The findings of this study leads to the conclusion that mild salinity stress can increase the yield of sweetener compounds, which is dependent on the cultivar and the level of salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India; Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Nanjappa Ashwath
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Daniel Anthony Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | - David James Midmore
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Rojas E, Bermúdez V, Motlaghzadeh Y, Mathew J, Fidilio E, Faria J, Rojas J, de Bravo MC, Contreras J, Mantilla LP, Angarita L, Sepúlveda PA, Kuzmar I. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Nutr Rep 2018; 7:10.1007/s13668-018-0228-z. [PMID: 29995279 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub with zero calorie content that has been increasing in popularity for its potential use as an adjuvant in the treatment of obesity. The level of evidence supporting general benefits to human health is insufficient. We conducted a review of the literature summarizing the current knowledge and role in human disease. RECENT FINDINGS Despite stevia's minimal systemic absorption, studies have been promising regarding its potential benefits against inflammation, carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis glucose control, and hypertension. On the other hand, the growing popularity of artificial sweeteners does not correlate with improved trends in obesity. An increased intake of artificial non-caloric sweeteners may not be associated with decreased intake of traditional sugar-sweetened beverages and foods. The effects of Stevia on weight change have been linked to bacteria in the intestinal microbiome, mainly by affecting Clostridium and Bacteroides sp. POPULATIONS A growing body of evidence indicates that Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is protective against malignant conversion by inhibition of DNA replication in human cancer cell growth in vitro. Consumption of Stevia has demonstrated to be generally safe in most reports. Further clinical studies are warranted to determine if regular consumption brings sustained benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Rojas
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, 150 Bergen St, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Investigation Group High Studies of Frontier, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yasaman Motlaghzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, 150 Bergen St, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Justin Mathew
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, 150 Bergen St, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Enzamaria Fidilio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Faria
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Julio Contreras
- Investigation Group High Studies of Frontier, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Linda Pamela Mantilla
- Investigation Group High Studies of Frontier, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lissé Angarita
- Nutrition School of Andres Bello University, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Paola Amar Sepúlveda
- Investigation Group for Innovations and Entrepreneurship, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Isaac Kuzmar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Research, Innovation and Development Department, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Reduction of the Oxidative Stress Status Using Steviol Glycosides in a Fish Model (Cyprinus carpio). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2017:2352594. [PMID: 28691017 PMCID: PMC5485310 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2352594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides are sweetening compounds from the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant. This product is considered safe for human consumption and was approved as a food additive by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Its effects on the ecosystem have not been studied in depth; therefore, it is necessary to carry out ecotoxicological studies in organisms such as Cyprinus carpio. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity by SGs on diverse tissues in C. carpio using oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. To test the antioxidant activity, carps were exposed to four systems: (1) SGs free control, (2) CCl4 0.5 mL/kg, (3) SGs 1 g/L, and (4) CCl4 0.5 mL/kg + SGs 1 g/L at 96 h. The following biomarkers were analyzed: lipoperoxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPC), and protein carbonyl content (PCC), as well as antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). It was found that both (3 and 4) systems' exposure decreases LPX, CHP, PCC, SOD, and CAT with respect to the CCl4 system. The results of this study demonstrate that the concentrations of SGs used are not capable of generating oxidative stress and, on the contrary, would appear to induce an antioxidant effect.
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Ramos-Morales E, de la Fuente G, Nash RJ, Braganca R, Duval S, Bouillon ME, Lahmann M, Newbold CJ. Improving the antiprotozoal effect of saponins in the rumen by combination with glycosidase inhibiting iminosugars or by modification of their chemical structure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184517. [PMID: 28886130 PMCID: PMC5590940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiprotozoal effect of saponins is transitory, as when saponins are deglycosylated to sapogenins by rumen microorganisms they become inactive. We hypothesised that the combination of saponins with glycosidase-inhibiting iminosugars might potentially increase the effectiveness of saponins over time by preventing their deglycosylation in the rumen. Alternatively, modifying the structure of the saponins by substituting the sugar moiety with other small polar residues might maintain their activity as the sugar substitute would not be enzymatically cleaved. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the acute antiprotozoal effect and the stability of this effect over a 24 h incubation period using ivy saponins, a stevia extract rich in iminosugars, ivy saponins with stevia extract, and a chemically modified ivy saponin, hederagenin bis-succinate (HBS). The effects on fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial communities were also studied. Ivy saponins with stevia and HBS had a greater antiprotozoal effect than ivy saponins, and this effect was maintained after 24 h of incubation (P<0.001). The combination of ivy and stevia extracts was more effective in shifting the fermentation pattern towards higher propionate (+39%) and lower butyrate (-32%) and lower ammonia concentration (-64%) than the extracts incubated separately. HBS caused a decrease in butyrate (-45%) and an increase in propionate (+43%) molar proportions. However, the decrease in ammonia concentration (-42%) observed in the presence of HBS was less than that caused by ivy saponins, either alone or with stevia. Whereas HBS and stevia impacted on bacterial population in terms of community structure, only HBS had an effect in terms of biodiversity (P<0.05). It was concluded that ivy saponins with stevia and the modified saponin HBS had a strong antiprotozoal effect, although they differed in their effects on fermentation parameters and bacteria communities. Ivy saponins combined with an iminosugar-rich stevia extract and/or HBS should be evaluated to determine their antiprotozoal effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos-Morales
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CJN); (ERM)
| | - Gabriel de la Fuente
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Radek Braganca
- BioComposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Duval
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Animale, Saint Louis Cedex, France
| | | | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - C. Jamie Newbold
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CJN); (ERM)
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Kulcsár A, Mátis G, Molnár A, Petrilla J, Wágner L, Fébel H, Husvéth F, Dublecz K, Neogrády Z. Nutritional modulation of intestinal drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 by butyrate of different origin in chicken. Res Vet Sci 2017; 113:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 18:26-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252316000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.
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Reynolds TH, Soriano RA, Obadi OA, Murkland S, Possidente B. Long term rebaudioside A treatment does not alter circadian activity rhythms, adiposity, or insulin action in male mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177138. [PMID: 28475596 PMCID: PMC5419602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem that is highly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, two conditions associated with circadian disruption. To date, dieting is one of the only interventions that result in substantial weight loss, but restricting caloric intake is difficult to maintain long-term. The use of artificial sweeteners, particularly in individuals that consume sugar sweetened beverages (energy drinks, soda), can reduce caloric intake and possibly facilitate weight loss. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the artificial sweetener, rebaudioside A (Reb-A), on circadian rhythms, in vivo insulin action, and the susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Six month old male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a control or Reb-A (0.1% Reb-A supplemented drinking water) group for six months. Circadian wheel running rhythms, body weight, caloric intake, insulin action, and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity were assessed. Time of peak physical activity under a 12:12 light-dark (LD) cycle, mean activity levels, and circadian period in constant dark were not significantly different in mice that consumed Reb-A supplemented water compared to normal drinking water, indicating that circadian rhythms and biological clock function were unaltered. Although wheel running significantly reduced body weight in both Reb-A and control mice (P = 0.0001), consuming Reb-A supplemented water did not alter the changes in body weight following wheel running (P = 0.916). In vivo insulin action, as assessed by glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests, was not different between mice that consumed Reb-A treated water compared to normal drinking water. Finally, Reb-A does not appear to change the susceptibility to diet-induced obesity as both groups of mice gained similar amounts of body weight when placed on a high fat diet. Our results indicate that consuming Reb-A supplemented water does not promote circadian disruption, insulin resistance, or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Reynolds
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachelle A. Soriano
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States of America
| | - Obadi A. Obadi
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States of America
| | - Stanley Murkland
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States of America
| | - Bernard Possidente
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States of America
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Karim MZ, Uesugi D, Nakayama N, Hossain MM, Ishihara K, Hamada H. Identification of Stevioside Using Tissue Culture-Derived Stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana) Leaves. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2016; 8:33-37. [PMID: 28008268 PMCID: PMC5167053 DOI: 10.4137/bci.s30378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside is a natural sweetener from Stevia leaf, which is 300 times sweeter than sugar. It helps to reduce blood sugar levels dramatically and thus can be of benefit to diabetic people. Tissue culture is a very potential modern technology that can be used in large-scale disease-free stevia production throughout the year. We successfully produced stevia plant through in vitro culture for identification of stevioside in this experiment. The present study describes a potential method for identification of stevioside from tissue culture-derived stevia leaf. Stevioside in the sample was identified using HPLC by measuring the retention time. The percentage of stevioside content in the leaf samples was found to be 9.6%. This identification method can be used for commercial production and industrialization of stevia through in vitro culture across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ziaul Karim
- Laboratory of Food Preventive Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uesugi
- Laboratory of Food Preventive Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Food Preventive Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Monzur Hossain
- Professor and Director, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Kohji Ishihara
- Laboratory of Food Preventive Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Laboratory of Food Preventive Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
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Awad W, Dublecz F, Hess C, Dublecz K, Khayal B, Aschenbach J, Hess M. Campylobacter jejuni colonization promotes the translocation of Escherichia coli to extra-intestinal organs and disturbs the short-chain fatty acids profiles in the chicken gut. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2259-65. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Molnár A, Hess C, Pál L, Wágner L, Awad WA, Husvéth F, Hess M, Dublecz K. Composition of diet modifies colonization dynamics of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:245-54. [PMID: 25358748 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of diet composition on colonization dynamics of Camp. jejuni and on related physiological parameters in the chicken intestine. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 54 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into three isocaloric and isonitrogenous dietary groups: maize-based (MB), wheat-based (WB) diet and wheat-based diet with NSP-degrading enzyme supplementation (WBES). Chickens were orally infected with 10(8) CFU Camp. jejuni on day 14, and samples (n = 6) were collected on 7, 14 and 21 days postinfection (DPI), respectively. Colony forming units of Camp. jejuni of caecum and jejunum, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, pH values of the caecum, jejunal histomorphology and viscosity of jejunal chymus were measured. In case of WBES diet, lower Camp. jejuni colonization 14 DPI, higher jejunal viscosity, higher total SCFA concentrations in the caecum and enhanced jejunal histomorphology were observed compared to those measured in chickens fed MB diet. CONCLUSIONS The WBES diet altered Camp. jejuni colonization dynamics in the chicken intestine which resulted by higher SCFA concentrations in the caecum and by the change of gut morphology. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study proves that diet composition can modify Camp. jejuni colonization depending on sampling time point postinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molnár
- Department of Animal Science and Animal Husbandry, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
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Onakpoya IJ, Heneghan CJ. Effect of the natural sweetener, steviol glycoside, on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1575-87. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487314560663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igho J Onakpoya
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Carl J Heneghan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Cho S, Mbiriri DT, Shim K, Lee AL, Oh SJ, Yang J, Ryu C, Kim YH, Seo KS, Chae JI, Oh YK, Choi NJ. The influence of feed energy density and a formulated additive on rumen and rectal temperature in hanwoo steers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1652-62. [PMID: 25358327 PMCID: PMC4213712 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the optimum blending condition of protected fat, choline and yeast culture for lowering of rumen temperature. The Box Benken experimental design, a fractional factorial arrangement, and response surface methodology were employed. The optimum blending condition was determined using the rumen simulated in vitro fermentation. An additive formulated on the optimum condition contained 50% of protected fat, 25% of yeast culture, 5% of choline, 7% of organic zinc, 6.5% of cinnamon, and 6.5% of stevioside. The feed additive was supplemented at a rate of 0.1% of diet (orchard grass:concentrate, 3:7) and compared with a control which had no additive. The treatment resulted in lower volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and biogas than the control. To investigate the effect of the optimized additive and feed energy levels on rumen and rectal temperatures, four rumen cannulated Hanwoo (Korean native beef breed) steers were in a 4×4 Latin square design. Energy levels were varied to low and high by altering the ratio of forage to concentrate in diet: low energy (6:4) and high energy (4:6). The additive was added at a rate of 0.1% of the diet. The following parameters were measured; feed intake, rumen and rectal temperatures, ruminal pH and VFA concentration. This study was conducted in an environmentally controlled house with temperature set at 30°C and relative humidity levels of 70%. Steers were housed individually in raised crates to facilitate collection of urine and feces. The adaptation period was for 14 days, 2 days for sampling and 7 days for resting the animals. The additive significantly reduced both rumen (p<0.01) and rectal temperatures (p<0.001) without depressed feed intake. There were interactions (p<0.01) between energy level and additive on ruminal temperature. Neither additive nor energy level had an effect on total VFA concentration. The additive however, significantly increased (p<0.01) propionate and subsequently had lower acetate:propionate (A/P) ratios than non-additive supplementation. High concentrate diets had significantly lower pH. Interactions between energy and additive were observed (p<0.01) in ammonia nitrogen production. Supplementation of diets with the additive resulted in lower rumen and rectal temperatures, hence the additive showed promise in alleviating undesirable effects of heat stress in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbuem Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea ; Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | | | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - A-Leum Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Jinho Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Ryu
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Kang-Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Oh
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: An alternative Sugar Replacer and Its Application in Food Industry. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-014-9080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The effects of sensory functional ingredients on food preferences, intake and weight gain in juvenile pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li G, Wang R, Quampah AJ, Rong Z, Shi C, Wu J. Calibration and prediction of amino acids in stevia leaf powder using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13065-13071. [PMID: 22066716 DOI: 10.1021/jf2035912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of stevia as animal feed additive has been researched over the years, but how to rapidly predict its amino acid contents has not been studied yet by using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. In the present study, 301 samples of stevia leaf powder were defined as the calibration set from which calibration models were optimized, and the performance of prediction was evaluated. Compared with other mathematical treatments, the models developed with the "1, 12, 12, 1" treatment, combined with modified partial least-squares regression and standard normal variance with de-trending, had a significant potential in predicting amino acid contents, such as threonine, serine, etc. Six spectral regions were found to possess large spectrum variation and show high contribution to calibration models. From the present study, the calibration models of amino acids in stevia were successfully developed and could be applied to quality control in feed processing, breeding selection and mutant screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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49
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Lemus-Mondaca R, Vega-Gálvez A, Zura-Bravo L, Ah-Hen K. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, source of a high-potency natural sweetener: A comprehensive review on the biochemical, nutritional and functional aspects. Food Chem 2011; 132:1121-1132. [PMID: 29243591 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, an ancient perennial shrub of South America, produces diterpene glycosides that are low calorie sweeteners, about 300 times sweeter than saccharose. Stevia extracts, besides having therapeutic properties, contain a high level of sweetening compounds, known as steviol glycosides, which are thought to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Stevioside and rebaudioside A are the main sweetening compounds of interest. They are thermostable even at temperatures of up to 200°C, making them suitable for use in cooked foods. S. rebaudiana has a great potential as a new agricultural crop since consumer demand for herbal foods is increasing and proximate analysis has shown that Stevia also contains folic acid, vitamin C and all of the indispensable amino acids with the exception of tryptophan. Stevia cultivation and production would further help those who have to restrict carbohydrate intake in their diet; to enjoy the sweet taste with minimal calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lemus-Mondaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bdo. O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Vega-Gálvez
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile; CEAZA, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile.
| | - Liliana Zura-Bravo
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile
| | - Kong Ah-Hen
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Julio Sarrazín s/n, Valdivia, Chile
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Puri M, Sharma D, Tiwari AK. Downstream processing of stevioside and its potential applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:781-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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