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Aydin E, Callahan DL, Chong L, Azizoglu S, Gokhale M, Suphioglu C. The Plight of the Metabolite: Oxidative Stress and Tear Film Destabilisation Evident in Ocular Allergy Sufferers across Seasons in Victoria, Australia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4019. [PMID: 38612830 PMCID: PMC11012581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular allergy (OA) is characterised by ocular surface itchiness, redness, and inflammation in response to allergen exposure. The primary aim of this study was to assess differences in the human tear metabolome and lipidome between OA and healthy controls (HCs) across peak allergy (spring-summer) and off-peak (autumn-winter) seasons in Victoria, Australia. A total of 19 participants (14 OA, 5 HCs) aged 18-45 were recruited and grouped by allergy questionnaire score. Metabolites and lipids from tear samples were analysed using mass spectrometry. Data were analysed using TraceFinder and Metaboanalyst. Metabolomics analysis showed 12 differentially expressed (DE) metabolites between those with OA and the HCs during the peak allergy season, and 24 DE metabolites were found in the off-peak season. The expression of niacinamide was upregulated in OA sufferers vs. HCs across both seasons (p ≤ 0.05). A total of 6 DE lipids were DE between those with OA and the HCs during the peak season, and 24 were DE in the off-peak season. Dysregulated metabolites affected oxidative stress, inflammation, and homeostasis across seasons, suggesting a link between OA-associated itch and ocular surface damage via eye rubbing. Tear lipidome changes were minimal between but suggested tear film destabilisation and thinning. Such metabolipodome findings may pave new and exciting ways for effective diagnostics and therapeutics for OA sufferers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrin Aydin
- NeuroAllergy Research Lab (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Luke Chong
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Serap Azizoglu
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Moneisha Gokhale
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Lab (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
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de Guingand DL, Palmer KR, Callahan DL, Snow RJ, Davies-Tuck ML, Ellery SJ. Creatine and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study of creatine metabolism in low-risk pregnant females. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:838-849. [PMID: 38432717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological adaptations during pregnancy alter nutrient and energy metabolism. Creatine may be important for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis throughout pregnancy. However, the impact of pregnancy on endogenous and exogenous creatine availability has never been comprehensively explored. OBJECTIVES To undertake a prospective cohort study and determine the physiological ranges of creatine and associated metabolites throughout human pregnancy. METHODS Females with a singleton low-risk pregnancy were recruited at an Australian health service. Maternal blood and urine were collected at 5-time points from 10-36 weeks of gestation, and cord blood and placental samples were collected at birth. Creatine and associated amino acids and metabolites of creatine synthesis were analyzed. Dietary data were captured to determine effects of exogenous creatine intake. Associations between creatine metabolism and neonatal growth parameters were examined. RESULTS Two hundred and eighty-two females were included. Maternal plasma creatine remained stable throughout pregnancy [β: -0.003 μM; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07, 0.07; P = 0.94], though urinary creatine declined in late gestation (β: 0.38 μM/mmol/L creatinine (CRN); 95% CI: -0.47, -0.29; P < 0.0001). Plasma guanidinoacetate (GAA; the precursor to creatine during endogenous synthesis) fell from 10-29 weeks of gestation before rising until birth (β: -0.38 μM/mmol/L CRN; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.29; P < 0.0001). Urinary GAA followed an opposing pattern (β: 2.52 μM/mmol/L CRN; 95% CI: 1.47, 3.58, P < 0.001). Animal protein intake was positively correlated with maternal plasma creatine until ∼32 weeks of gestation (β: 0.07-0.18 μM; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.25; P ≤ 0.001). There were no links between creatine and neonatal growth, but increased urinary GAA in early pregnancy was associated with a slight reduction in head circumference at birth (β: -0.01 cm; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.004; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Although maternal plasma creatine concentrations were highly conserved, creatine metabolism appears to adjust throughout pregnancy. An ability to maintain creatine concentrations through diet and shifts in endogenous synthesis may impact fetal growth. This trial was registered at [registry name] as ACTRN12618001558213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L de Guingand
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kirsten R Palmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Women and Newborn, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rod J Snow
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miranda L Davies-Tuck
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Miltiadous A, Callahan DL, Dujon AM, Buchanan KL, Rollins LA. Maternally derived avian corticosterone affects offspring genome-wide DNA methylation in a passerine species. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17283. [PMID: 38288572 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Avian embryos develop in an egg composition which reflects both maternal condition and the recent environment of their mother. In birds, yolk corticosterone (CORT) influences development by impacting pre- and postnatal growth, as well as nestling stress responses and development. One possible mechanism through which maternal CORT may affect offspring development is via changes to offspring DNA methylation. We sought to investigate this, for the first time in birds, by quantifying the impact of manipulations to maternal CORT on offspring DNA methylation. We non-invasively manipulated plasma CORT concentrations of egg-laying female zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) with an acute dose of CORT administered around the time of ovulation and collected their eggs. We then assessed DNA methylation in the resulting embryonic tissue and in their associated vitelline membrane blood vessels, during early development (5 days after lay), using two established methods - liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and methylation-sensitive amplification fragment length polymorphism (MS-AFLP). LC-MS analysis showed that global DNA methylation was lower in embryos from CORT-treated mothers, compared to control embryos. In contrast, blood vessel DNA from eggs from CORT-treated mothers showed global methylation increases, compared to control samples. There was a higher proportion of global DNA methylation in the embryonic DNA of second clutches, compared to first clutches. Locus-specific analyses using MS-AFLP did not reveal a treatment effect. Our results indicate that an acute elevation of maternal CORT around ovulation impacts DNA methylation patterns in their offspring. This could provide a mechanistic understanding of how a mother's experience can affect her offspring's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Miltiadous
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antoine M Dujon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Katherine L Buchanan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Philip M, Snow RJ, Della Gatta PA, Callahan DL, Bellofiore N, Salamonsen LA, Palmer KR, Ellery SJ. Aspects of human uterine creatine metabolism during the menstrual cycle and at term pregnancy†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:839-850. [PMID: 37602666 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine metabolism likely contributes to energy homeostasis in the human uterus, but whether this organ synthesizes creatine and whether creatine metabolism is adjusted throughout the menstrual cycle and with pregnancy are largely unknown. This study determined endometrial protein expression of creatine-synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT), creatine kinase (CKBB), and the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) throughout the menstrual cycle in fertile and primary infertile women. It also characterized creatine metabolism at term pregnancy, measuring aspects of creatine metabolism in myometrial and decidual tissue. In endometrial samples, AGAT, GAMT, SLC6A8, and CKBB were expressed in glandular and luminal epithelial cells. Except for SLC6A8, the other proteins were also located in stromal cells. Irrespective of fertility, AGAT, GAMT, and SLC6A8 high-intensity immunohistochemical staining was greatest in the early secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. During the proliferative phase, staining for SLC6A8 protein was greater (P = 0.01) in the primary infertile compared with the fertile group. Both layers of the term pregnant uterus contained creatine, phosphocreatine, guanidinoacetic acid, arginine, glycine, and methionine; detectable gene and protein expression of AGAT, GAMT, CKBB, and ubiquitous mitochondrial CK (uMt-CK); and gene expression of SLC6A8. The proteins AGAT, GAMT, CKBB, and SLC6A8 were uniformly distributed in the myometrium and localized to the decidual glands. In conclusion, endometrial tissue has the capacity to produce creatine and its capacity is highest around the time of fertilization and implantation. Both layers of the term pregnant uterus also contained all the enzymatic machinery and substrates of creatine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Philip
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J Snow
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Bellofiore
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- The Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten R Palmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Tran TLC, Callahan DL, Islam MT, Wang Y, Arioli T, Cahill D. Comparative metabolomic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots and leaves reveals complex response mechanisms induced by a seaweed extract. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1114172. [PMID: 36968386 PMCID: PMC10035662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts are a prominent class of biostimulants that enhance plant health and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses due to their unique bioactive components. However, the mechanisms of action of biostimulants are still unknown. Here, we have used a metabolomic approach, a UHPLC-MS method, to uncover the mechanisms induced following application to Arabidopsis thaliana of a seaweed extract derived from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum. We have identified, following the application of the extract, key metabolites and systemic responses in roots and leaves across 3 timepoints (0, 3, 5 days). Significant alterations in metabolite accumulation or reduction were found for those belonging to broad groups of compounds such as lipids, amino acids, and phytohormones; and secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, glucosinolates, and organic acids. Strong accumulations of TCA cycle and N-containing and defensive metabolites such as glucosinolates were also found revealing the enhancement of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and defence systems. Our study has demonstrated that application of seaweed extract dramatically altered the metabolomic profiles of Arabidopsis and revealed differences in roots and leaves that varied across the timepoints tested. We also show clear evidence of systemic responses that were initiated in the roots and resulted in metabolic alterations in the leaves. Collectively, our results suggest that this seaweed extract promotes plant growth and activates defence systems by altering various physiological processes at the individual metabolite level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Linh Chi Tran
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Tohidul Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Arioli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Seasol International R&D Department, Bayswater, VIC, Australia
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Hachemi C, Enfrin M, Rashed AO, Jegatheesan V, Hodgson PD, Callahan DL, Lee J, Dumée LF. The impact of PET microplastic fibres on PVDF ultrafiltration performance - A short-term assessment of MP fouling in simple and complex matrices. Chemosphere 2023; 310:136891. [PMID: 36257385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key components for the capture of microplastics (MPs) before they are released into natural waterways. Removal efficiencies as high as 99% may be achieved but sub-micron MPs as well as nanoplastics have been overlooked because of analytical limitations. Furthermore, short MP fibres are of concern because of their low capture rate as well as the lack of understanding of their influence on purification system efficiency. This study has investigated the impact of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) short nanofibres on the performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes during cross-flow operation. Model MP fibres with an average length of 10 ± 7 μm and a diameter of 142 ± 40 nm were prepared via a combination of electrospinning and fine cutting using a cryomicrotome. The manufactured MPs were added to both pure and synthetic domestic wastewater at a concentration of 1 mg.L-1 to determine their impact on the performance of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes. The results show that PET fibres attach to the membrane in a disorganised manner with low pore coverage. The water flux was decreased by 8% for MPs in pure water and no noticeable effect in wastewater after 3 days of filtration. Additionally, the nutrient removal efficiency of the membrane was not altered by the presence of PET MPs. These findings show that MP fibres do not significantly influence the early stages of filtration for a standard concentration of MPs in wastewater treatment plant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Hachemi
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marie Enfrin
- Civil Engineering and Infrastructure, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahmed O Rashed
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Hodgson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy Lee
- Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Silva-Campos M, Callahan DL, Cahill DM. Metabolites derived from fungi and bacteria suppress in vitro growth of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, a major threat to the global chestnut industry. Metabolomics 2022; 18:74. [PMID: 36104635 PMCID: PMC9474450 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chestnut rot caused by the fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is a disease present in the world's major chestnut growing regions. The disease is considered a significant threat to the global production of nuts from the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). Conventional fungicides provide some control, but little is known about the potential of biological control agents (BCAs) as alternatives to manage the disease. OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether formulated BCAs and their secreted metabolites inhibit the in vitro growth of G. smithogilvyi. METHODS The antifungal potential of BCAs was assessed against the pathogen through an inverted plate assay for volatile compounds (VOCs), a diffusion assay for non-volatile compounds (nVOCs) and in dual culture. Methanolic extracts of nVOCs from the solid medium were further evaluated for their effect on conidia germination and were screened through an LC-MS-based approach for antifungal metabolites. RESULTS Isolates of Trichoderma spp., derived from the BCAs, significantly suppressed the pathogen through the production of VOCs and nVOCs. The BCA from which Bacillus subtilis was isolated was more effective in growth inhibition through the production of nVOCs. The LC-MS based metabolomics on the nVOCs derived from the BCAs showed the presence of several antifungal compounds. CONCLUSION The results show that G. smithogilvyi can be effectively controlled by the BCAs tested and that their use may provide a more ecological alternative for managing chestnut rot. The in vitro analysis should now be expanded to the field to assess the effectiveness of these alternatives for chestnut rot management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Silva-Campos
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, VIC 3125 Australia
| | - David M. Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
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Shankar U, Lenka SK, Leigh Ackland M, Callahan DL. Review of the structures and functions of algal photoreceptors to optimize bioproduct production with novel bioreactor designs for strain improvement. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2031-2045. [PMID: 35441370 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are important renewable feedstock to produce biodiesel and high-value chemicals. Different wavelengths of light influence the growth and metabolic activities of algae. Recent research has identified the light-sensing proteins called photoreceptors that respond to blue or red light. Structural elucidations of algal photoreceptors have gained momentum over recent years. These include channelrhodopsins, PHOT proteins, animal-like cryptochromes, blue-light sensors utilizing flavin-adenine dinucleotide (BLUF) proteins. Pulsing light has also been investigated as a means to optimize energy inputs into bioreactors. This review summarizes the current structural and functional basis of photoreceptor modulation to optimize the growth, production of carotenoids and other high-value metabolites from microalgae. The review also encompasses novel photobioreactor designs that implement different light regimes including light wavelengths and time to optimize algal growth and desired metabolite profiles for high-value products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Shankar
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India.,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Burwood Campus), Centre for Cellular and Molecular biology. 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India.,Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - M Leigh Ackland
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Burwood Campus), Centre for Cellular and Molecular biology. 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Burwood Campus), Centre for Cellular and Molecular biology. 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Abstract
As academic staff scrambled into emergency remote teaching during COVID-19 restrictions, we also had to move in-person exams online without compromising integrity. This disruption caused us to think carefully about how chemistry is assessed, because 'business as usual' was no longer possible - and at some institutions, there are no plans for in-person exams to return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Schultz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
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Beasley JT, Bonneau JP, Moreno-Moyano LT, Callahan DL, Howell KS, Tako E, Taylor J, Glahn RP, Appels R, Johnson AAT. Multi-year field evaluation of nicotianamine biofortified bread wheat. Plant J 2022; 109:1168-1182. [PMID: 34902177 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional breeding efforts for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been hindered by a lack of genetic variation for these traits and a negative correlation between grain Fe and Zn concentrations and yield. We have employed genetic engineering to constitutively express (CE) the rice (Oryza sativa) nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene and upregulate biosynthesis of two metal chelators - nicotianamine (NA) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) - in bread wheat, resulting in increased Fe and Zn concentrations in wholemeal and white flour. Here we describe multi-location confined field trial (CFT) evaluation of a low-copy transgenic CE-OsNAS2 wheat event (CE-1) over 3 years and demonstrate higher concentrations of NA, DMA, Fe, and Zn in CE-1 wholemeal flour, white flour, and white bread and higher Fe bioavailability in CE-1 white flour relative to a null segregant (NS) control. Multi-environment models of agronomic and grain nutrition traits revealed a negative correlation between grain yield and grain Fe, Zn, and total protein concentrations, yet no correlation between grain yield and grain NA and DMA concentrations. White flour Fe bioavailability was positively correlated with white flour NA concentration, suggesting that NA-chelated Fe should be targeted in wheat Fe biofortification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien P Bonneau
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura T Moreno-Moyano
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Kate S Howell
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7201, USA
| | - Julian Taylor
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Raymond P Glahn
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rudi Appels
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander A T Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Mathur P, Sanyal D, Callahan DL, Conlan XA, Pfeffer FM. Treatment technologies to mitigate the harmful effects of recalcitrant fluoroquinolone antibiotics on the environ- ment and human health. Environ Pollut 2021; 291:118233. [PMID: 34582925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic proliferation in the environment and their persistent nature is an issue of global concern as they induce antibiotic resistance threatening both human health and the ecosystem. Antibiotics have therefore been categorized as emerging pollutants. Fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotics are an emerging class of contaminants that are used extensively in human and veterinary medicine. The recalcitrant nature of fluoroquinolones has led to their presence in wastewater, effluents and water bodies. Even at a low concentration, FQs can stimulate antibacterial resistance. The main sources of FQ contamination include waste from pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, hospitals and households that ultimately reaches the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The conventional WWTPs are unable to completely remove FQs due to their chemical stability. Therefore, the development and implementation of more efficient, economical, convenient treatment and removal technologies are needed to adequately address the issue. This review provides an overview of the technologies available for the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater including adsorptive removal, advanced oxidation processes, removal using non-carbon based nanomaterials, microbial degradation and enzymatic degradation. Each treatment technology is discussed on its merits and limitations and a comparative view is presented on the choice of an advanced treatment process for future studies and implementation. A discussion on the commercialization potential and eco-friendliness of each technology is also included in the review. The importance of metabolite identification and their residual toxicity determination has been emphasized. The last section of the review provides an overview of the policy interventions and regulatory frameworks that aid in retrofitting antibiotics as a central key focus contaminant and thereby defining the discharge limits for antibiotics and establishing safe manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mathur
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Doyeli Sanyal
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India; Amity University Punjab, IT City, Sector 82A, Mohali, 140308, India.
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Frederick M Pfeffer
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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12
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Yi C, Wang X, Chen Q, Callahan DL, Fournier-Level A, Whelan J, Jost R. Diverse phosphate and auxin transport loci distinguish phosphate tolerant from sensitive Arabidopsis accessions. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:2656-2673. [PMID: 34636851 PMCID: PMC8644285 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth often limiting agroecosystems. To identify genetic determinants of performance under variable phosphate (Pi) supply, we conducted genome-wide association studies on five highly predictive Pi starvation response traits in 200 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. Pi concentration in Pi-limited organs had the strongest, and primary root length had the weakest genetic component. Of 70 trait-associated candidate genes, 17 responded to Pi withdrawal. The PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 gene cluster on chromosome 5 comprises PHT1;1, PHT1;2, and PHT1;3 with known impact on P status. A second locus featured uncharacterized endomembrane-associated auxin efflux carrier encoding PIN-LIKES7 (PILS7) which was more strongly suppressed in Pi-limited roots of Pi-starvation sensitive accessions. In the Col-0 background, Pi uptake and organ growth were impaired in both Pi-limited pht1;1 and two pils7 T-DNA insertion mutants, while Pi -limited pht1;2 had higher biomass and pht1;3 was indistinguishable from wild-type. Copy number variation at the PHT1 locus with loss of the PHT1;3 gene and smaller scale deletions in PHT1;1 and PHT1;2 predicted to alter both protein structure and function suggest diversification of PHT1 is a key driver for adaptation to P limitation. Haplogroup analysis revealed a phosphorylation site in the protein encoded by the PILS7 allele from stress-sensitive accessions as well as additional auxin-responsive elements in the promoter of the "stress tolerant" allele. The former allele's inability to complement the pils7-1 mutant in the Col-0 background implies the presence of a kinase signaling loop controlling PILS7 activity in accessions from P-rich environments, while survival in P-poor environments requires fine-tuning of stress-responsive root auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Yi
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang 31008, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University (Burwood Campus), Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
| | | | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
- Author for communication:
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13
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Boxshall AG, Birch JL, Lebel T, Symonds MRE, Callahan DL. A field-based investigation of simple phenol variation in Australian Agaricus xanthodermus. Mycologia 2021; 113:1123-1135. [PMID: 34494944 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1936851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus xanthodermus and other species of the yellow-staining section Xanthodermatei are responsible for mushroom-related poisoning cases that require treatment. However, longstanding anecdotal evidence indicates that this species appears to exhibit considerable variation in toxicity, resulting in gastrointestinal irritation of varying severity in most cases. We quantified the amount of phenol, hydroquinone, and catechol in mushrooms using a novel protocol for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and investigated their levels in different basidiomatal structures, different developmental stages, and on different nutritional substrates. Phenol concentration was greater in the pileus than the stipe, in mature compared with immature basidiomata, and in basidiomata occurring in woody mulch versus lawns. Variation in toxicity is suggested to be due in part to variation in phenol concentration, developmental stage and tissue type consumed, and substrate. Variation in human sensitivity to simple phenols may also play a role but was not formally investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia-Grace Boxshall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne L Birch
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Teresa Lebel
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia.,State Herbarium of South Australia, Hackney Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew R E Symonds
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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14
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Lee A, Mondon J, Merenda A, Dumée LF, Callahan DL. Surface adsorption of metallic species onto microplastics with long-term exposure to the natural marine environment. Sci Total Environ 2021; 780:146613. [PMID: 34030302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in most biomes and environments, representing one of the most pressing global environmental challenges. This study investigated the ability of pre-production microplastic pellets to accumulate metals from the marine environment. An accidental ocean discharge of poly(propylene) pellets occurred via a wastewater treatment centre at the coastal city of Warrnambool, Victoria - Australia. These pellets were collected routinely from Shelly Beach, adjacent to the ocean discharge site over a period of 16-months following the spill. This collection formed a unique time-series that accurately represented the degree to which metal ions in the coastal marine environment accumulate on plastic debris. Elemental analysis indicated an increase in concentration over time of rare earth elements and a selection of other metals supporting the hypothesis that microplastics selectively adsorb metals from the environment. A subset of the poly(propylene) pellets contained a surfactant coating which significantly increased the adsorption capacity. The surface properties in relation to adsorption were further explored with surface imaging and these results are also discussed. This study shows how microplastics act as nucleation points and carriers of trace metal ions in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lee
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Julie Mondon
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, (Warrnambool Campus), Princes Hwy, Sherwood Park, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
| | - Andrea Merenda
- Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216; Khalifa University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
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15
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Poddar N, Elahee Doomun SN, Callahan DL, Kowalski GM, Martin GJO. The assimilation of glycerol into lipid acyl chains and associated carbon backbones of Nannochloropsis salina varies under nitrogen replete and deplete conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3299-3309. [PMID: 32662891 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mixotrophic cultivation can increase microalgae productivity, yet the associated lipid metabolism remains mostly unknown. Stable isotope labeling was used to track assimilation of glycerol into the triacylglyceride (TAG) and membrane lipids of Nannochloropsis salina. In N-replete media, glycerol uptake and 13 C incorporation into acyl chains were, respectively, 6-fold and 12-fold higher than in N-deplete conditions. In N-replete cultures, 42% of the carbon in the consumed glycerol was assimilated into lipid acyl chains, mostly in membrane lipids rather than TAG. In N-deplete cultures, only 11% of the limited amount of consumed glycerol was fixed into lipid acyl chains. Labeled lipid-associated glycerol backbones were predominantly 13 C3 labeled, suggesting that intact glycerol molecules were directly esterified with fatty acids/polar head groups. However, the presence of singly and doubly labeled lipid-bound glycerol species suggested that some glycerol also went through the central carbon metabolism before forming glycerol-3-phosphate destined for lipid esterification. 13 C incorporation was higher in the saturated and monounsaturated than the polyunsaturated acyl chains of TAG, indicating the flux of carbon from glycerol went first to de novo fatty acid synthesis before acyl editing reactions. The results demonstrate that nitrogen availability influences both glycerol consumption and utilization for lipid synthesis in Nannochloropsis, providing novel insights for developing mixotrophic cultivation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nature Poddar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Algal Processing Group, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheik N Elahee Doomun
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise Sciences, Deakin, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gregory J O Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Algal Processing Group, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Elahee Doomun SN, Nie S, Loke S, Kowalski GM, Beech PL, Callahan DL. Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for Resolving 13C-Enrichment Patterns in a Microalgal Lipidome. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:1763-1772. [PMID: 32567859 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of 13C-labeled lipids by mass spectrometry is challenging due to the complexity from labeling the large number of carbon atoms in lipids. To further add to the complexity, different adducts can be produced during electrospray ionization and in-source fragmentation, which can create complex overlapping isotope patterns that can only be resolved using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Co-elution of lipids even after chromatographic separation also adds to the potential for overlapping mass spectra. Here, we describe a procedure that enables full 13C-labeled patterns to be resolved in complex microalgal lipid extracts as well a procedure that provides structural labeling information. Mass resolving powers of 240000 full width half-maximum (fwhm) and fast targeted MS/MS allowed the differentiation of isotopologues, adducts, and unresolved lipid species after chromatographic separation. This enabled the percentage of 13C enrichment to be calculated for each individual lipid species over a time series in the microalgal lipidome. The application of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) also allowed the degree of labeling within the headgroup vs acyl chains to be determined, further adding to the detail of information collected. This information is particularly useful for studying lipid synthesis and remodeling processes and can be extended to other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Nadeem Elahee Doomun
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Stella Loke
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Peter L Beech
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
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17
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Ellery SJ, Murthi P, Davies-Tuck ML, Della Gatta PA, May AK, Kowalski GM, Callahan DL, Bruce CR, Alers NO, Miller SL, Erwich JJHM, Wallace EM, Walker DW, Dickinson H, Snow RJ. Placental creatine metabolism in cases of placental insufficiency and reduced fetal growth. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:495-505. [PMID: 31323678 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is a metabolite involved in cellular energy homeostasis. In this study, we examined placental creatine content, and expression of the enzymes required for creatine synthesis, transport and the creatine kinase reaction, in pregnancies complicated by low birthweight. We studied first trimester chorionic villus biopsies (CVBs) of small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriately grown infants (AGA), along with third trimester placental samples from fetal growth restricted (FGR) and healthy gestation-matched controls. Placental creatine and creatine precursor (guanidinoacetate-GAA) levels were measured. Maternal and cord serum from control and FGR pregnancies were also analyzed for creatine concentration. mRNA expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8); synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine aminotransferase (GATM) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT); mitochondrial (mtCK) and cytosolic (BBCK) creatine kinases; and amino acid transporters (SLC7A1 & SLC7A2) was assessed in both CVBs and placental samples. Protein levels of AGAT (arginine:glycine aminotransferase), GAMT, mtCK and BBCK were also measured in placental samples. Key findings; total creatine content of the third trimester FGR placentae was 43% higher than controls. The increased creatine content of placental tissue was not reflected in maternal or fetal serum from FGR pregnancies. Tissue concentrations of GAA were lower in the third trimester FGR placentae compared to controls, with lower GATM and GAMT mRNA expression also observed. No differences in the mRNA expression of GATM, GAMT or SLC6A8 were observed between CVBs from SGA and AGA pregnancies. These results suggest placental creatine metabolism in FGR pregnancies is altered in late gestation. The relevance of these changes on placental bioenergetics should be the focus of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miranda L Davies-Tuck
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise Sciences, Deakin, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anthony K May
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise Sciences, Deakin, Geelong, Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise Sciences, Deakin, Geelong, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise Sciences, Deakin, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nicole O Alers
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan Jaap H M Erwich
- Dept of Obstetrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley Dickinson
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rod J Snow
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise Sciences, Deakin, Geelong, Australia
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18
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Sarabia LD, Boughton BA, Rupasinghe T, Callahan DL, Hill CB, Roessner U. Comparative spatial lipidomics analysis reveals cellular lipid remodelling in different developmental zones of barley roots in response to salinity. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:327-343. [PMID: 31714612 PMCID: PMC7063987 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-induced metabolic, ionic, and transcript modifications in plants have routinely been studied using whole plant tissues, which do not provide information on spatial tissue responses. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the lipid profiles in a spatial manner and to quantify the changes in the elemental composition in roots of seedlings of four barley cultivars before and after a short-term salt stress. We used a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, and reverse transcription - quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction platforms to examine the molecular signatures of lipids, ions, and transcripts in three anatomically different seminal root tissues before and after salt stress. We found significant changes to the levels of major lipid classes including a decrease in the levels of lysoglycerophospholipids, ceramides, and hexosylceramides and an increase in the levels of glycerophospholipids, hydroxylated ceramides, and hexosylceramides. Our results revealed that modifications to lipid and transcript profiles in plant roots in response to a short-term salt stress may involve recycling of major lipid species, such as phosphatidylcholine, via resynthesis from glycerophosphocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin D. Sarabia
- School of BioSciences and Metabolomics AustraliaUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | | | | | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (Burwood Campus)Deakin University, Geelong, Australia221 Burwood HighwayBurwoodVIC3125Australia
| | - Camilla B. Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences and Metabolomics AustraliaUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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19
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Gupta S, Rupasinghe T, Callahan DL, Natera SHA, Smith PMC, Hill CB, Roessner U, Boughton BA. Spatio-Temporal Metabolite and Elemental Profiling of Salt Stressed Barley Seeds During Initial Stages of Germination by MALDI-MSI and µ-XRF Spectrometry. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1139. [PMID: 31608088 PMCID: PMC6774343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is the essential first step in crop establishment, and can be severely affected by salinity stress which can inhibit essential metabolic processes during the germination process. Salt stress during seed germination can trigger lipid-dependent signalling cascades that activate plant adaptation processes, lead to changes in membrane fluidity to help resist the stress, and cause secondary metabolite responses due to increased oxidative stress. In germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare), knowledge of the changes in spatial distribution of lipids and other small molecules at a cellular level in response to salt stress is limited. In this study, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to determine the spatial distribution of metabolites, lipids and a range of elements, such as K+ and Na+, in seeds of two barley genotypes with contrasting germination phenology (Australian barley varieties Mundah and Keel). We detected and tentatively identified more than 200 lipid species belonging to seven major lipid classes (fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, prenol lipids, sterol lipids, and polyketides) that differed in their spatial distribution based on genotype (Mundah or Keel), time post-imbibition (0 to 72 h), or treatment (control or salt). We found a tentative flavonoid was discriminant in post-imbibed Mundah embryos under saline conditions, and a delayed flavonoid response in Keel relative to Mundah. We further employed MSI-MS/MS and LC-QToF-MS/MS to explore the identity of the discriminant flavonoid and study the temporal pattern in five additional barley genotypes. ICP-MS was used to quantify the elemental composition of both Mundah and Keel seeds, showing a significant increase in Na+ in salt treated samples. Spatial mapping of elements using µ-XRF localized the elements within the seeds. This study integrates data obtained from three mass spectrometry platforms together with µ-XRF to yield information on the localization of lipids, metabolites and elements improving our understanding of the germination process under salt stress at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Gupta
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Siria H. A. Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Penelope M. C. Smith
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Camilla B. Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Berin A. Boughton
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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20
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Beasley JT, Bonneau JP, Sánchez‐Palacios JT, Moreno‐Moyano LT, Callahan DL, Tako E, Glahn RP, Lombi E, Johnson AAT. Metabolic engineering of bread wheat improves grain iron concentration and bioavailability. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1514-1526. [PMID: 30623558 PMCID: PMC6662306 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated on more land than any other crop and produces a fifth of the calories consumed by humans. Wheat endosperm is rich in starch yet contains low concentrations of dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Biofortification is a micronutrient intervention aimed at increasing the density and bioavailability of essential vitamins and minerals in staple crops; Fe biofortification of wheat has proved challenging. In this study we employed constitutive expression (CE) of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene in bread wheat to up-regulate biosynthesis of two low molecular weight metal chelators - nicotianamine (NA) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) - that play key roles in metal transport and nutrition. The CE-OsNAS2 plants accumulated higher concentrations of grain Fe, Zn, NA and DMA and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) revealed enhanced localization of Fe and Zn in endosperm and crease tissues, respectively. Iron bioavailability was increased in white flour milled from field-grown CE-OsNAS2 grain and positively correlated with NA and DMA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T. Beasley
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Julien P. Bonneau
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jose T. Sánchez‐Palacios
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Present address:
Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraACT2617Australia
| | | | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia
| | - Elad Tako
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSIthacaNYUSA
| | - Raymond P. Glahn
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSIthacaNYUSA
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSAAustralia
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21
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Mawalagedera SMUP, Callahan DL, Gaskett AC, Rønsted N, Symonds MRE. Combining Evolutionary Inference and Metabolomics to Identify Plants With Medicinal Potential. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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22
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Berry MJ, Schlegel M, Kowalski GM, Bruce CR, Callahan DL, Davies-Tuck ML, Dickinson H, Goodson A, Slocombe A, Snow RJ, Walker DW, Ellery SJ. UNICORN Babies: Understanding Circulating and Cerebral Creatine Levels of the Preterm Infant. An Observational Study Protocol. Front Physiol 2019; 10:142. [PMID: 30899224 PMCID: PMC6417365 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is an essential metabolite for brain function, with a fundamental role in cellular (ATP) energy homeostasis. It is hypothesized that preterm infants will become creatine deplete in the early postnatal period, due to premature delivery from a maternal source of creatine and a limited supply of creatine in newborn nutrition. This potential alteration to brain metabolism may contribute to, or compound, poor neurological outcomes in this high-risk population. Understanding Creatine for Neurological Health in Babies (UNICORN) is an observational study of circulating and cerebral creatine levels in preterm infants. We will recruit preterm infants at gestational ages 23+0-26+6, 27+0-29+6, 30+0-32+6, 33+0-36+6, and a term reference group at 39+0-40+6 weeks of gestation, with 20 infants in each gestational age group. At birth, a maternal capillary blood sample, as well as a venous cord blood sample, will be collected. For preterm infants, serial infant plasma (heel prick), urine, and nutrition samples [total parenteral nutrition (TPN), breast milk, or formula] will be collected between birth and term "due date." Key fetomaternal information, including demographics, smoking status, and maternal diet, will also be collected. At term corrected postnatal age (CPA), each infant will undergo an MRI/1H-MRS scan to evaluate brain structure and measure cerebral creatine content. A general movements assessment (GMA) will also be conducted. At 3 months of CPA, infants will undergo a second GMA as well as further neurodevelopmental evaluation using the Developmental Assessment of Young Children - Second Edition (DAYC-2) assessment tool. The primary outcome measures for this study are cerebral creatine content at CPA and plasma and urine creatine and guanidinoacetate (creatine precursor) concentrations in the early postnatal period. We will also determine associations between (1) creatine levels at term CPA and neurodevelopmental outcomes (MRI, GMA, and DAY-C); (2) dietary creatine intake and circulating and cerebral creatine content; and (3) creatine levels and maternal characteristics. Novel approaches are needed to try and improve preterm-associated brain injury. Inclusion of creatine in preterm nutrition may better support ex utero brain development through improved cerebral cellular energy availability during a period of significant brain growth and development. Ethics Ref: HDEC 18/CEN/7 New Zealand. ACTRN: ACTRN12618000871246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Berry
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Schlegel
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- School of Exercise Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- School of Exercise Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miranda L Davies-Tuck
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hayley Dickinson
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Angus Goodson
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Angie Slocombe
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rod J Snow
- School of Exercise Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Howard JM, Beech PL, Callahan DL. Detection of Endogenous Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in Phytophthora cinnamomi. Lipids 2018; 53:835-839. [PMID: 30334270 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by Phytophthora species are serious threats to agriculture and the natural environment. Genome sequencing has revealed the lack of a gene for canonical phospholipase C (PLC), an enzyme that was hitherto thought to be ubiquitous in eukaryotes. PLC acts in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2 ), a membrane-bound phospholipid critical for signal initiation in many cellular processes. Previous studies have not provided evidence of endogenous PtdIns-4,5-P2 in Phytophthora and, in the absence of canonical PLC, argued for redundancy or loss in the PLC pathway in Phytophthora. Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we have detected endogenous PtdIns-4,5-P2 in Phytophthora cinnamomi. This is the first identification of the phospholipid in the genus, and is significant because it indicates that the signal transduction pathway of the PLC product, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ), may have been retained in Phytophthora incorporating an as-yet unidentified homolog or analog of PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M Howard
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Peter L Beech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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24
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Tegegne SM, Jois M, Flavel MR, Callahan DL, Benheim D. Rapid induction of vitamin B12 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic medium. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Debnath M, Ashwath N, Hill CB, Callahan DL, Dias DA, Jayasinghe NS, Midmore DJ, Roessner U. Comparative metabolic and ionomic profiling of two cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Bertoni) grown under salinity stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:56-70. [PMID: 29800808 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive investigation on the impact of increasing NaCl concentrations on hydroponically grown Stevia rebaudiana cultivars (Shoutian-2 and Fengtian). Growth parameters including plant height, biomass and physiological responses including osmotic potential were measured. In addition, the levels of steviol glycosides, elements and primary metabolites were measured and statistically evaluated. The cultivar Fengtian grew faster, accumulated less Na+ and compatible organic solutes, and more K+ in the leaves, as compared to the cv. Shoutian-2. Metabolite analysis identified 81 differentially accumulated metabolites, indicating an alteration in the metabolite phenotype of both cultivars upon exposure to salinity A general increase in many amino acids, amines, sugars and sugar phosphates with a concurrent decrease in most organic acids; including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, was observed. In the more salt tolerant cv. Fengtian, the levels of hexose phosphates and metabolites involved in cellular protection increased in response to salinity. These metabolites remained unchanged in the sensitive cv. Shoutian-2. Interestingly, salt treatment notably increased the rebaudioside A concentration by 53% while at the same time stevioside decreased by 38% in Fengtian which has important implications for controlling the relative amounts of reboudioside A and stevioside. The findings of this study leads to the conclusion that mild salinity stress can increase the yield of sweetener compounds, which is dependent on the cultivar and the level of salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India; Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Nanjappa Ashwath
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Daniel Anthony Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | - David James Midmore
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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26
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Sarabia LD, Boughton BA, Rupasinghe T, van de Meene AML, Callahan DL, Hill CB, Roessner U. High-mass-resolution MALDI mass spectrometry imaging reveals detailed spatial distribution of metabolites and lipids in roots of barley seedlings in response to salinity stress. Metabolomics 2018; 14:63. [PMID: 29681790 PMCID: PMC5907631 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technology that enables the visualization of the spatial distribution of hundreds to thousands of metabolites in the same tissue section simultaneously. Roots are below-ground plant organs that anchor plants to the soil, take up water and nutrients, and sense and respond to external stresses. Physiological responses to salinity are multifaceted and have predominantly been studied using whole plant tissues that cannot resolve plant salinity responses spatially. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to use a comprehensive approach to study the spatial distribution and profiles of metabolites, and to quantify the changes in the elemental content in young developing barley seminal roots before and after salinity stress. METHODS Here, we used a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-MSI) platforms to profile and analyze the spatial distribution of ions, metabolites and lipids across three anatomically different barley root zones before and after a short-term salinity stress (150 mM NaCl). RESULTS We localized, visualized and discriminated compounds in fine detail along longitudinal root sections and compared ion, metabolite, and lipid composition before and after salt stress. Large changes in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) profiles were observed as a response to salt stress with PC 34:n showing an overall reduction in salt treated roots. ICP-MS analysis quantified changes in the elemental content of roots with increases of Na+ and decreases of K+ content. CONCLUSION Our results established the suitability of combining three mass spectrometry platforms to analyze and map ionic and metabolic responses to salinity stress in plant roots and to elucidate tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress, such as salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin D Sarabia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Berin A Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Camilla B Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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27
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Yap TWC, Leow AHR, Azmi AN, Callahan DL, Perez-Perez GI, Loke MF, Goh KL, Vadivelu J. Global Fecal and Plasma Metabolic Dynamics Related to Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:536. [PMID: 28424674 PMCID: PMC5371670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than half of the world's population. There is increasing evidence H. pylori protects against the development of obesity and childhood asthma/allergies in which the development of these diseases coincide with transient dysbiosis. However, the mechanism underlying the association of H. pylori eradication with human metabolic and immunological disorders is not well-established. In this study, we aimed to investigate the local and systemic effects of H. pylori eradication through untargeted fecal lipidomics and plasma metabolomics approaches by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Our study revealed that eradication of H. pylori eradication (i.e., loss of H. pylori and/or H. pylori eradication therapy) changed many global metabolite/lipid features, with the majority being down-regulated. Our findings primarily show that H. pylori eradication affects the host energy and lipid metabolism which may eventually lead to the development of metabolic disorders. Conclusion: These predictive metabolic signatures of metabolic and immunological disorders following H. pylori eradication can provide insights into dynamic local and systemic metabolism related to H. pylori eradication in modulating human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Wan-Chen Yap
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alex Hwong-Ruey Leow
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Najib Azmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin UniversityGeelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Guillermo I Perez-Perez
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Mun-Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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van der Ent A, Callahan DL, Noller BN, Mesjasz-Przybylowicz J, Przybylowicz WJ, Barnabas A, Harris HH. Nickel biopathways in tropical nickel hyperaccumulating trees from Sabah (Malaysia). Sci Rep 2017; 7:41861. [PMID: 28205587 PMCID: PMC5311975 DOI: 10.1038/srep41861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary level of accumulation of nickel (Ni) in hyperaccumulator plants is a consequence of specific metal sequestering and transport mechanisms, and knowledge of these processes is critical for advancing an understanding of transition element metabolic regulation in these plants. The Ni biopathways were elucidated in three plant species, Phyllanthus balgooyi, Phyllanthus securinegioides (Phyllanthaceae) and Rinorea bengalensis (Violaceae), that occur in Sabah (Malaysia) on the Island of Borneo. This study showed that Ni is mainly concentrated in the phloem in roots and stems (up to 16.9% Ni in phloem sap in Phyllanthus balgooyi) in all three species. However, the species differ in their leaves - in P. balgooyi the highest Ni concentration is in the phloem, but in P. securinegioides and R. bengalensis in the epidermis and in the spongy mesophyll (R. bengalensis). The chemical speciation of Ni2+ does not substantially differ between the species nor between the plant tissues and transport fluids, and is unambiguously associated with citrate. This study combines ion microbeam (PIXE and RBS) and metabolomics techniques (GC-MS, LC-MS) with synchrotron methods (XAS) to overcome the drawbacks of the individual techniques to quantitatively determine Ni distribution and Ni2+ chemical speciation in hyperaccumulator plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Université de Lorraine–INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, France
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (Burwood Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry N. Noller
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Wojciech J. Przybylowicz
- Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alban Barnabas
- Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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29
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Cao D, Lutz A, Hill CB, Callahan DL, Roessner U. A Quantitative Profiling Method of Phytohormones and Other Metabolites Applied to Barley Roots Subjected to Salinity Stress. Front Plant Sci 2017; 7:2070. [PMID: 28119732 PMCID: PMC5222860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As integral parts of plant signaling networks, phytohormones are involved in the regulation of plant metabolism and growth under adverse environmental conditions, including salinity. Globally, salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stressors with an estimated 800 million hectares of arable land affected. Roots are the first plant organ to sense salinity in the soil, and are the initial site of sodium (Na+) exposure. However, the quantification of phytohormones in roots is challenging, as they are often present at extremely low levels compared to other plant tissues. To overcome this challenge, we developed a high-throughput LC-MS method to quantify ten endogenous phytohormones and their metabolites of diverse chemical classes in roots of barley. This method was validated in a salinity stress experiment with six barley varieties grown hydroponically with and without salinity. In addition to phytohormones, we quantified 52 polar primary metabolites, including some phytohormone precursors, using established GC-MS and LC-MS methods. Phytohormone and metabolite data were correlated with physiological measurements including biomass, plant size and chlorophyll content. Root and leaf elemental analysis was performed to determine Na+ exclusion and K+ retention ability in the studied barley varieties. We identified distinct phytohormone and metabolite signatures as a response to salinity stress in different barley varieties. Abscisic acid increased in the roots of all varieties under salinity stress, and elevated root salicylic acid levels were associated with an increase in leaf chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the landrace Sahara maintained better growth, had lower Na+ levels and maintained high levels of the salinity stress linked metabolite putrescine as well as the phytohormone metabolite cinnamic acid, which has been shown to increase putrescine concentrations in previous studies. This study highlights the importance of root phytohormones under salinity stress and the multi-variety analysis provides an important update to analytical methodology, and adds to the current knowledge of salinity stress responses in plants at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Cao
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Lutz
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Camilla B. Hill
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, MurdochWA, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, BurwoodVIC, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
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30
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Rocha TL, Soll CB, Boughton BA, Silva TS, Oldach K, Firmino AA, Callahan DL, Sheedy J, Silveira ER, Carneiro RM, Silva LP, Polez VL, Pelegrini PB, Bacic A, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Roessner U. Prospection and identification of nematotoxic compounds from Canavalia ensiformis seeds effective in the control of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Srivastava A, Kowalski GM, Callahan DL, Meikle PJ, Creek DJ. Strategies for Extending Metabolomics Studies with Stable Isotope Labelling and Fluxomics. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040032. [PMID: 27706078 PMCID: PMC5192438 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a perspective from the peer session on stable isotope labelling and fluxomics at the Australian & New Zealand Metabolomics Conference (ANZMET) held from 30 March to 1 April 2016 at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. This report summarizes the key points raised in the peer session which focused on the advantages of using stable isotopes in modern metabolomics and the challenges in conducting flux analyses. The session highlighted the utility of stable isotope labelling in generating reference standards for metabolite identification, absolute quantification, and in the measurement of the dynamic activity of metabolic pathways. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches of fluxomics analyses including flux balance analysis, metabolic flux analysis and kinetic flux profiling were also discussed along with the use of stable isotope labelling in in vivo dynamic metabolomics. A number of crucial technical considerations for designing experiments and analyzing data with stable isotope labelling were discussed which included replication, instrumentation, methods of labelling, tracer dilution and data analysis. This report reflects the current viewpoint on the use of stable isotope labelling in metabolomics experiments, identifying it as a great tool with the potential to improve biological interpretation of metabolomics data in a number of ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Srivastava
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Darren J Creek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Shrestha P, Callahan DL, Singh SP, Petrie JR, Zhou XR. Reduced Triacylglycerol Mobilization during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Arabidopsis Containing Nutritionally Important Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1402. [PMID: 27725822 PMCID: PMC5035741 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There are now several examples of plant species engineered to synthesize and accumulate nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids in their seed triacylglycerols (TAG). The utilization of TAG in germinating seeds of such transgenic plants was unknown. In this study, we examined the TAG utilization efficiency during seed germination in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds containing several examples of these fatty acids. Seed TAG species with native fatty acids had higher utilization rate than the TAG species containing transgenically produced polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conversely, quantification of the fatty acid components remaining in the total TAG after early stages of seed germination revealed that the undigested TAGs tended to contain elevated levels of the engineered polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). LC-MS analysis further revealed asymmetrical mobilization rates for the individual TAG species. TAGs which contained multiple PUFA fatty acids were mobilized slower than the species containing single PUFA. The mobilized engineered fatty acids were used in de novo membrane lipid synthesis during seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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33
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Amiar S, MacRae JI, Callahan DL, Dubois D, van Dooren GG, Shears MJ, Cesbron-Delauw MF, Maréchal E, McConville MJ, McFadden GI, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Botté CY. Apicoplast-Localized Lysophosphatidic Acid Precursor Assembly Is Required for Bulk Phospholipid Synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii and Relies on an Algal/Plant-Like Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferase. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005765. [PMID: 27490259 PMCID: PMC4973916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most apicomplexan parasites possess a non-photosynthetic plastid (the apicoplast), which harbors enzymes for a number of metabolic pathways, including a prokaryotic type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway. In Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, the FASII pathway is essential for parasite growth and infectivity. However, little is known about the fate of fatty acids synthesized by FASII. In this study, we have investigated the function of a plant-like glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (TgATS1) that localizes to the T. gondii apicoplast. Knock-down of TgATS1 resulted in significantly reduced incorporation of FASII-synthesized fatty acids into phosphatidic acid and downstream phospholipids and a severe defect in intracellular parasite replication and survival. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated that lipid precursors are made in, and exported from, the apicoplast for de novo biosynthesis of bulk phospholipids. This study reveals that the apicoplast-located FASII and ATS1, which are primarily used to generate plastid galactolipids in plants and algae, instead generate bulk phospholipids for membrane biogenesis in T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Amiar
- ApicoLipid group, Institute for Advanced Biosciences UMR5309, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - James I. MacRae
- The Francis Crick Institute, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Dubois
- ApicoLipid group, Institute for Advanced Biosciences UMR5309, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Giel G. van Dooren
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Melanie J. Shears
- ApicoLipid group, Institute for Advanced Biosciences UMR5309, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Grenoble, France
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Eric Maréchal
- Unité de recherche (UMR) 5168, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Malcolm J. McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté
- ApicoLipid group, Institute for Advanced Biosciences UMR5309, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyrille Y. Botté
- ApicoLipid group, Institute for Advanced Biosciences UMR5309, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Grenoble, France
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Callahan DL, Hare DJ, Bishop DP, Doble PA, Roessner U. Elemental imaging of leaves from the metal hyperaccumulating plant Noccaea caerulescens shows different spatial distribution of Ni, Zn and Cd. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental imaging using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed on whole leaves of the hyperaccumulating plantNoccaea caerulescensafter treatments with either Ni, Zn or Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien L. Callahan
- Deakin University
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Australia
| | - David P. Bishop
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Australia
| | - Philip A. Doble
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia
- School of BioSciences
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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Foroughi S, Baker AJM, Roessner U, Johnson AAT, Bacic A, Callahan DL. Hyperaccumulation of zinc by Noccaea caerulescens results in a cascade of stress responses and changes in the elemental profile. Metallomics 2015; 6:1671-82. [PMID: 24976134 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Noccaea caerulescens (J. & C. Presl) F. K. Meyer is a metal hyperaccumulating plant which can accumulate more than 2% zinc (Zn) dry tissue mass in its aerial tissues. At this concentration Zn is toxic to most plants due to inhibition of enzyme function, oxidative damage and mineral deficiencies. In this study the elemental and metabolite profiles of N. caerulescens plants grown in four different Zn concentrations were measured. This revealed broad changes in the metabolite and elemental profiles with the hyperaccumulation of Zn. The Zn treated plants exhibited no typical signs of stress such as chlorosis or reduced biomass, however, a range of metabolic stress responses, such as the modification of galactolipids and the major membrane lipids of plastids, and increases in oxylipins, which are precursors to the signalling molecules jasmonic and abscisic acids, as well as the increased synthesis of glucosinolates, was observed. Increases in particular organic acids and the ubiquitous metal cation chelator nicotianamine were also observed. The small molecule metabolite changes observed, however, did not account for the extreme Zn concentrations in the leaf tissue showing that the increase in nicotianamine production most likely negates Fe deficiency. The elemental analyses also revealed significant changes in other essential micronutrients, in particular, significantly lower Mn concentrations in the high Zn accumulating plants, yet higher Fe concentrations. This comprehensive elemental and metabolite analysis revealed novel metabolite responses to Zn and offers evidence against organic acids as metal-storage ligands in N. caerulescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Foroughi
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Jones OAH, Dias DA, Callahan DL, Kouremenos KA, Beale DJ, Roessner U. The use of metabolomics in the study of metals in biological systems. Metallomics 2015; 7:29-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and systems biology/toxicology can elucidate novel pathways and mechanistic networks of metals and metalloids in biological systems, as well as providing useful biomarkers of the metal status of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Metabolomics Australia
- School of Botany
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Melbourne VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Konstantinos A. Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- , Australia
| | - David J. Beale
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
- Land and Water
- Highett, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia
- School of Botany
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
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Zhou XR, Callahan DL, Shrestha P, Liu Q, Petrie JR, Singh SP. Lipidomic analysis of Arabidopsis seed genetically engineered to contain DHA. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:419. [PMID: 25225497 PMCID: PMC4150447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering of omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA) in oilseeds has been one of the key targets in recent years. By expressing a transgenic pathway for enhancing the synthesis of the ω3 LC-PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from endogenous α-linolenic acid (ALA), we obtained the production of fish oil-like proportions of DHA in Arabidopsis seed oil. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to characterize the triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol (DAG) and phospholipid (PL) lipid classes in the transgenic and wild type Arabidopsis seeds at both developing and mature stages. The analysis identified the appearance of several abundant DHA-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), DAG and TAG molecular species in mature seeds. The relative abundances of PL, DAG, and TAG species showed a preferred combination of LC-PUFA with ALA in the transgenic seeds, where LC-PUFA were esterified in positions usually occupied by 20:1ω9. Trace amounts of di-DHA PC and tri-DHA TAG were identified and confirmed by high resolution MS/MS. Studying the lipidome in transgenic seeds provided insights into where DHA accumulated and combined with other fatty acids of neutral and phospholipids from the developing and mature seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Rong Zhou
- Food Futures National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberra, ACT, Australia
- Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- Food Futures National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Qing Liu
- Food Futures National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James R. Petrie
- Food Futures National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- Food Futures National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberra, ACT, Australia
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Martin GJO, Hill DRA, Olmstead ILD, Bergamin A, Shears MJ, Dias DA, Kentish SE, Scales PJ, Botté CY, Callahan DL. Lipid profile remodeling in response to nitrogen deprivation in the microalgae Chlorella sp. (Trebouxiophyceae) and Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e103389. [PMID: 25171084 PMCID: PMC4149361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of microalgae produce greatly enhanced amounts of triacylglycerides (TAGs), the key product for biodiesel production, in response to specific environmental stresses. Improvement of TAG production by microalgae through optimization of growth regimes is of great interest. This relies on understanding microalgal lipid metabolism in relation to stress response in particular the deprivation of nutrients that can induce enhanced TAG synthesis. In this study, a detailed investigation of changes in lipid composition in Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. in response to nitrogen deprivation (N-deprivation) was performed to provide novel mechanistic insights into the lipidome during stress. As expected, an increase in TAGs and an overall decrease in polar lipids were observed. However, while most membrane lipid classes (phosphoglycerolipids and glycolipids) were found to decrease, the non-nitrogen containing phosphatidylglycerol levels increased considerably in both algae from initially low levels. Of particular significance, it was observed that the acyl composition of TAGs in Nannochloropsis sp. remain relatively constant, whereas Chlorella sp. showed greater variability following N-deprivation. In both algae the overall fatty acid profiles of the polar lipid classes were largely unaffected by N-deprivation, suggesting a specific FA profile for each compartment is maintained to enable continued function despite considerable reductions in the amount of these lipids. The changes observed in the overall fatty acid profile were due primarily to the decrease in proportion of polar lipids to TAGs. This study provides the most detailed lipidomic information on two different microalgae with utility in biodiesel production and nutraceutical industries and proposes the mechanisms for this rearrangement. This research also highlights the usefulness of the latest MS-based approaches for microalgae lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. O. Martin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. A. Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian L. D. Olmstead
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Bergamin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie J. Shears
- Metabolomics Australia, The School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Apicolipid Group, Laboratoire Adaption et Pathogenie des Microorganismes UMR5163, CNRS, University of Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Metabolomics Australia, The School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Kentish
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scales
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cyrille Y. Botté
- Apicolipid Group, Laboratoire Adaption et Pathogenie des Microorganismes UMR5163, CNRS, University of Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, The School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Ratnayake S, Beahan CT, Callahan DL, Bacic A. The reducing end sequence of wheat endosperm cell wall arabinoxylans. Carbohydr Res 2013; 386:23-32. [PMID: 24462668 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Walls from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm are composed primarily of hetero-(arabino)xylans (AXs) (70%) and (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucans (20%) with minor amounts of cellulose and heteromannans (2% each). To understand the differential solubility properties of the AXs, as well as aspects of their biosynthesis, we are sequencing the xylan backbone and examining the reducing end (RE) sequence(s) of wheat (monocot) AXs. A previous study of grass AXs (switchgrass, rice, Brachypodium, Miscanthus and foxtail millet) concluded that grasses lacked the comparable RE glycosyl sequence (4-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-D-GalpA-(1→4)-D-Xylp) found in dicots and gymnosperms but the actual RE sequence was not determined. Here we report the isolation and structural characterisation of the RE oligosaccharide sequence(s) of wheat endosperm cell wall AXs. Walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) and sequentially extracted with hot water (W-sol Fr) and 1M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr). Detailed structural analysis of the RE oligosaccharides was performed using a combination of methylation analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS, ESI-QTOF-MS, ESI-MS(n) and enzymic analysis. Analysis of RE oligosaccharides, both 2AB labelled (from W-sol Fr) and glycosyl-alditol (from KOH-sol Fr), revealed that the RE glycosyl sequence of wheat endosperm AX comprises a linear (1→4)-β-D-Xylp backbone which may be mono-substituted with either an α-L-Araf residue at the reducing end β-D-Xylp residue and/or penultimate RE β-D-Xyl residue; β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-L-Araf-(1→3)](+/-)-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-L-Araf-(1→3)](+/-)-β-D-Xylp and/or an α-D-GlcpA residue at the reducing end β-D-Xylp residue; β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-L-Araf-(1→3)](+/-)-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-[α-D-GlcAp-(1→2)]-β-D-Xylp. Thus, wheat endosperm AX backbones lacks the RE sequence found in dicot and gymnosperm xylans; a finding consistent with previous reports from other grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Ratnayake
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cherie T Beahan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Maseko T, Callahan DL, Dunshea FR, Doronila A, Kolev SD, Ng K. Chemical characterisation and speciation of organic selenium in cultivated selenium-enriched Agaricus bisporus. Food Chem 2013; 141:3681-7. [PMID: 23993536 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The selenium concentration in Agaricus bisporus cultivated in growth compost irrigated with sodium selenite solution increased by 28- and 43-fold compared to the control mushroom irrigated solely with water. Selenium contents of mushroom proteins increased from 13.8 to 60.1 and 14.1 to 137 μgSe/g in caps and stalks from control and selenised mushrooms, respectively. Selenocystine (SeCys; detected as [SeCys]2 dimer), selenomethionine (SeMet), and methyl-selenocysteine (MeSeCys) were separated, identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry from water solubilised and acetone precipitated proteins, and significant increases were observed for the selenised mushrooms. The maximum selenoamino acids concentration in caps and stalks of control/selenised mushrooms was 4.16/9.65 μg/g dried weight (DW) for SeCys, 0.08/0.58 μg/g DW for SeMet, and 0.031/0.10 μg/g DW for MeSeCys, respectively. The most notable result was the much higher levels of SeCys accumulated by A. bisporus compared to SeMet and MeSeCys, for both control and selenised A. bisporus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebo Maseko
- Department of Agriculture & Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land & Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Olmstead IL, Hill DR, Dias DA, Jayasinghe NS, Callahan DL, Kentish SE, Scales PJ, Martin GJ. A quantitative analysis of microalgal lipids for optimization of biodiesel and omega-3 production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2096-104. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Elliott CE, Callahan DL, Schwenk D, Nett M, Hoffmeister D, Howlett BJ. A gene cluster responsible for biosynthesis of phomenoic acid in the plant pathogenic fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 53:50-8. [PMID: 23396262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phomenoic acid, a long chain aliphatic carboxylic acid is a major metabolite produced by Leptosphaeria maculans, a fungal pathogen of Brassica napus (canola). This fungus has 15 predicted polyketide synthases (PKS) and seven of them have the appropriate domains for the biosynthesis of phomenoic acid. The most highly expressed PKS gene after 7 days growth in 10% V8 juice, PKS2, was silenced and the resultant mutant produced very low levels of phomenoic acid, indicating that this PKS is involved in phomenoic acid biosynthesis. This gene is part of a co-regulated cluster of genes. Reduced expression of an adjacent gene encoding the transcriptional regulator C6TF, led to reduced expression of genes for PKS2, P450, a cytochrome P450 monoxygenase, YogA, an alcohol dehydrogenase/quinone reductase, RTA1, a lipid transport exporter superfamily member and MFS, a Major Facilitator Superfamily transporter, as well as a marked reduction in phomenoic acid production. Phomenoic acid is toxic towards another canola pathogen Leptosphaeria biglobosa 'canadensis', but not towards L. maculans and only moderately toxic towards the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. This molecule is detected in infected stems and stubble of B. napus, but biosynthesis of it does not appear to be essential for pathogenicity of L. maculans. Phomenoic acid may play a role in allowing L. maculans to outcompete other fungi in its environmental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace E Elliott
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS or HPLC-MS) is an extremely sensitive analytical technique that enables the detection of metabolites with a vast range of chemistries and molecular masses. Extracts from any biological starting material are first fractionated chromatographically on a stationary phase suitable for the retention of the target molecules. The eluent is then transferred directly to the ionization source for MS detection. There is a vast range of chromatographic separation methods and MS configurations. This chapter describes a method for the detection of a broad range of metabolites using reversed phase (C18) LC-MS as well as a method for the isolation of targeted metabolites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien L Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Callahan DL, Roessner U, Dumontet V, De Livera AM, Doronila A, Baker AJM, Kolev SD. Elemental and metabolite profiling of nickel hyperaccumulators from New Caledonia. Phytochemistry 2012; 81:80-89. [PMID: 22795763 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf material from nine Ni hyperaccumulating species was collected in New Caledonia: Homalium kanaliense (Vieill.) Briq., Casearia silvana Schltr, Geissois hirsuta Brongn. & Gris, Hybanthus austrocaledonicus Seem, Psychotria douarrei (G. Beauvis.) Däniker, Pycnandra acuminata (Pierre ex Baill.) Swenson & Munzinger (syn Sebertia acuminata Pierre ex Baill.), Geissois pruinosa Brongn. & Gris, Homalium deplanchei (Viell) Warb. and Geissois bradfordii (H.C. Hopkins). The elemental concentration was determined by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and from these results it was found that the species contained Ni concentrations from to 250-28,000 mg/kg dry mass. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling was then used to analyse leaves of each species. The aim of this study was to target Ni-binding ligands through correlation analysis of the metabolite levels and leaf Ni concentration. Approximately 258 compounds were detected in each sample. As has been observed before, a correlation was found between the citric acid and Ni concentrations in the leaves for all species collected. However, the strongest Ni accumulator, P. douarrei, has been found to contain particularly high concentrations of malonic acid, suggesting an additional storage mechanism for Ni. A size exclusion chromatography separation protocol for the separation of Ni-complexes in P. acuminata sap was also applied to aqueous leaf extracts of each species. A number of metabolites were identified in complexes with Ni including Ni-malonate from P. douarrei. Furthermore, the levels for some metabolites were found to correlate with the leaf Ni concentration. These data show that Ni ions can be bound by a range of small molecules in Ni hyperaccumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien L Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Boughton BA, Callahan DL, Silva C, Bowne J, Nahid A, Rupasinghe T, Tull DL, McConville MJ, Bacic A, Roessner U. Comprehensive Profiling and Quantitation of Amine Group Containing Metabolites. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7523-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201610x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berin A. Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Claudio Silva
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Jairus Bowne
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Amsha Nahid
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Thusita Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Dedreja L. Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Malcolm J. McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Antony Bacic
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- ACPFG, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
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Johnson AAT, Kyriacou B, Callahan DL, Carruthers L, Stangoulis J, Lombi E, Tester M. Constitutive overexpression of the OsNAS gene family reveals single-gene strategies for effective iron- and zinc-biofortification of rice endosperm. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24476. [PMID: 21915334 PMCID: PMC3167849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is the primary source of food for billions of people in developing countries, yet the commonly consumed polished grain contains insufficient levels of the key micronutrients iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and Vitamin A to meet daily dietary requirements. Experts estimate that a rice-based diet should contain 14.5 µg g(-1) Fe in endosperm, the main constituent of polished grain, but breeding programs have failed to achieve even half of that value. Transgenic efforts to increase the Fe concentration of rice endosperm include expression of ferritin genes, nicotianamine synthase genes (NAS) or ferritin in conjunction with NAS genes, with results ranging from two-fold increases via single-gene approaches to six-fold increases via multi-gene approaches, yet no approach has reported 14.5 µg g(-1) Fe in endosperm. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Three populations of rice were generated to constitutively overexpress OsNAS1, OsNAS2 or OsNAS3, respectively. Nicotianamine, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly increased in unpolished grain of all three of the overexpression populations, relative to controls, with the highest concentrations in the OsNAS2 and OsNAS3 overexpression populations. Selected lines from each population had at least 10 µg g(-1) Fe in polished grain and two OsNAS2 overexpression lines had 14 and 19 µg g(-1) Fe in polished grain, representing up to four-fold increases in Fe concentration. Two-fold increases of Zn concentration were also observed in the OsNAS2 population. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that OsNAS2 overexpression leads to significant enrichment of Fe and Zn in phosphorus-free regions of rice endosperm. CONCLUSIONS The OsNAS genes, particularly OsNAS2, show enormous potential for Fe and Zn biofortification of rice endosperm. The results demonstrate that rice cultivars overexpressing single rice OsNAS genes could provide a sustainable and genetically simple solution to Fe and Zn deficiency disorders affecting billions of people throughout the world.
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Callahan DL, De Souza D, Bacic A, Roessner U. Profiling of polar metabolites in biological extracts using diamond hydride-based aqueous normal phase chromatography. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2273-80. [PMID: 19569107 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly polar metabolites, such as sugars and most amino acids are not retained by conventional RP LC columns. Without sufficient retention low concentration compounds are not detected due ion suppression and structural isomers are not resolved. In contrast, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and aqueous normal phase chromatography (ANP) retain compounds based on their hydrophilicity and therefore provides a means of separating highly polar compounds. Here, an ANP method based on the diamond hydride stationary phase is presented for profiling biological small molecules by LC. A rapid separation system based upon a fast gradient that delivers reproducible chromatography is presented. Approximately 1000 compounds were reproducibly detected in human urine samples and clear differences between these samples were identified. This chromatography was also applied to xylem fluid from soyabean (Glycine max) plants to which 400 compounds were detected. This method greatly increases the metabolite coverage over RP-only metabolite profiling in biological samples. We show that both forms of chromatography are necessary for untargeted comprehensive metabolite profiling and that the diamond hydride stationary phase provides a good option for polar metabolite analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien L Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wang FQ, Khairallah GN, Koutsantonis GA, Williams CM, Callahan DL, O’Hair RAJ. Competition between cluster fragmentation, C–C bond coupling and C–X bond activation in silver hexynyl cluster cations, [(C4H9CCAg)nAg]+. Size does matter! Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4132-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b904687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang CY, Roessner U, Eickmeier I, Genc Y, Callahan DL, Shirley N, Langridge P, Bacic A. Metabolite profiling reveals distinct changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in phosphate-deficient barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Cell Physiol 2008; 49:691-703. [PMID: 18344526 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants modify metabolic processes for adaptation to low phosphate (P) conditions. Whilst transcriptomic analyses show that P deficiency changes hundreds of genes related to various metabolic processes, there is limited information available for global metabolite changes of P-deficient plants, especially for cereals. As changes in metabolites are the ultimate 'readout' of changes in gene expression, we profiled polar metabolites from both shoots and roots of P-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that mildly P-deficient plants accumulated di- and trisaccharides (sucrose, maltose, raffinose and 6-kestose), especially in shoots. Severe P deficiency increased the levels of metabolites related to ammonium metabolism in addition to di- and trisaccharides, but reduced the levels of phosphorylated intermediates (glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P, inositol-1-P and glycerol-3-P) and organic acids (alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate and malate). The results revealed that P-deficient plants modify carbohydrate metabolism initially to reduce P consumption, and salvage P from small P-containing metabolites when P deficiency is severe, which consequently reduced levels of organic acids in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The extent of the effect of severe P deficiency on ammonium metabolism was also revealed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) quantitative analysis of free amino acids. A sharp increase in the concentrations of glutamine and asparagine was observed in both shoots and roots of severely P-deficient plants. Based on these data, a strategy for improving the ability of cereals to adapt to low P environments is proposed that involves alteration in partitioning of carbohydrates into organic acids and amino acids to enable more efficient utilization of carbon in P-deficient plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Huang
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
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Callahan DL, Roessner U, Dumontet V, Perrier N, Wedd AG, O'Hair RAJ, Baker AJM, Kolev SD. LC-MS and GC-MS metabolite profiling of nickel(II) complexes in the latex of the nickel-hyperaccumulating tree Sebertia acuminata and identification of methylated aldaric acid as a new nickel(II) ligand. Phytochemistry 2008; 69:240-51. [PMID: 17765935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology using size exclusion chromatography and metabolite profiling based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to study the nickel-rich latex of the hyperaccumulating tree Sebertia acuminata. More than 120 compounds were detected, 57 of these were subsequently identified. A methylated aldaric acid (2,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-1,6-hexan-dioic acid) was identified for the first time in biological extracts and its structure was confirmed by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. After citric acid, it appears to be one of the most abundant small organic molecules present in the latex studied. Nickel(II) complexes of stoichiometry NiII:acid=1:2 were detected for these two acids as well as for malic, itaconic, erythronic, galacturonic, tartaric, aconitic and saccharic acids. These results provide further evidence that organic acids may play an important role in the transport and possibly in the storage of metal ions in hyperaccumulating plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien L Callahan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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