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Fernandez CJ, Alkhalifah M, Afsar H, Pappachan JM. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Viral Hepatitis: The Interlink. Pathogens 2024; 13:68. [PMID: 38251375 PMCID: PMC10821334 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has now affected nearly one-third of the global population and has become the number one cause of chronic liver disease in the world because of the obesity pandemic. Chronic hepatitis resulting from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain significant challenges to liver health even in the 21st century. The co-existence of MAFLD and chronic viral hepatitis can markedly alter the disease course of individual diseases and can complicate the management of each of these disorders. A thorough understanding of the pathobiological interactions between MAFLD and these two chronic viral infections is crucial for appropriately managing these patients. In this comprehensive clinical review, we discuss the various mechanisms of chronic viral hepatitis-mediated metabolic dysfunction and the impact of MAFLD on the progression of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius J. Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston PE21 9QS, UK;
| | - Mohammed Alkhalifah
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston PR2 9HT, UK; (M.A.); (H.A.)
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafsa Afsar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston PR2 9HT, UK; (M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Joseph M. Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston PR2 9HT, UK; (M.A.); (H.A.)
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Martín-Escolano R, Vidal-Alcántara EJ, Crespo J, Ryan P, Real LM, Lazo-Álvarez JI, Cabezas-González J, Macías J, Arias-Loste MT, Cuevas G, Virseda-Berdices A, Briz V, Resino S, Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Fernández-Rodríguez A. Immunological and senescence biomarker profiles in patients after spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus: gender implications for long-term health risk. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:62. [PMID: 37978401 PMCID: PMC10655350 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 25% of patients with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection show spontaneous clearance within the first six months of infection but may remain at risk of inflammaging, aging, and liver and non-liver disease complications. This study evaluated the differences in the plasma levels of immune checkpoints (ICs) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) biomarkers between patients who had spontaneously eliminated HCV infection (SC group) and individuals without evidence of HCV infection (C group). METHODS We performed a multicenter retrospective study of 56 individuals: 32 in the SC and 24 in the C groups. ICs and SASP proteins were analyzed using a Luminex 200TM analyzer. The statistical analysis used Generalized Linear Models with gamma distribution (log-link) adjusted by significant variables and sex. RESULTS 13 ICs (BTLA, CD137(4-1BB), CD27, CD28, CD80, GITR, HVEM, IDO, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and TIM-3) and 13 SASP proteins (EGF, Eotaxin, IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-13, IL-18, IP-10, SDF-1alpha, HGF, beta-NGF, PLGF-1, and SCF) were significantly higher in SC group after approximately more than two years of HCV clearance. After stratifying by sex, differences remained significant for males, which showed higher levels for 13 ICs and 4 SASP proteins in SC. While only PD-L2 was significantly higher in SC women, and no differences in SASP were found. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma levels of different IC and SASP proteins were found in individuals after more than two years of HCV clearance, mainly in men. Alterations in these molecules might be associated with an increased risk of developing liver and non-hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda- Pozuelo, Km 2.2, Madrid, Majadahonda, 28220, Spain
| | - Erick Joan Vidal-Alcántara
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda- Pozuelo, Km 2.2, Madrid, Majadahonda, 28220, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Traslational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Lazo-Álvarez
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cabezas-González
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Traslational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Macías
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Teresa Arias-Loste
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Traslational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cuevas
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Virseda-Berdices
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda- Pozuelo, Km 2.2, Madrid, Majadahonda, 28220, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Briz
- Laboratory of Reference and Research On Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda- Pozuelo, Km 2.2, Madrid, Majadahonda, 28220, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda- Pozuelo, Km 2.2, Madrid, Majadahonda, 28220, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda- Pozuelo, Km 2.2, Madrid, Majadahonda, 28220, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Fan Z, Sun X, Chen X, Liu H, Miao X, Guo Y, Xu Y, Li J, Zou X, Li Z. C-C motif chemokine CCL11 is a novel regulator and a potential therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100805. [PMID: 37555008 PMCID: PMC10404559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by accelerated lipid deposition, aberrant inflammation, and excessive extracellular matrix production in the liver. Short of effective intervention, NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study we investigated the involvement of the C-C motif ligand 11 (CCL11) in NAFLD pathogenesis. METHODS NAFLD was induced by feeding mice with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet. CCL11 targeting was achieved by genetic deletion or pharmaceutical inhibition. The transcriptome was analysed using RNA-seq. RESULTS We report that CCL11 expression was activated at the transcription level by free fatty acids (palmitate) in hepatocytes. CCL11 knockdown attenuated whereas CCL11 treatment directly promoted production of pro-inflammatory/pro-lipogenic mediators in hepatocytes. Compared with wild-type littermates, CCL11 knockout mice displayed an ameliorated phenotype of NAFLD when fed a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet as evidenced by decelerated body weight gain, improved insulin sensitivity, dampened lipid accumulation, reduced immune cell infiltration, and weakened liver fibrosis. RNA-seq revealed that interferon regulatory factor 1 as a mediator of CCL11 induced changes in hepatocytes. Importantly, CCL11 neutralisation or antagonism mitigated NAFLD pathogenesis in mice. Finally, a positive correlation between CCL11 expression and NAFLD parameters was identified in human patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that CCL11 is a novel regulator of NAFLD and can be effectively targeted for NAFLD intervention. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) precedes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper we describe the regulatory role of CCL11, a C-C motif ligand chemokine, in NAFLD pathogenesis. Our data provide novel insights and translational potential for NAFLD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Fasolato S, Del Bianco P, Malacrida S, Mattiolo A, Gringeri E, Angeli P, Pontisso P, Calabrò ML. Studies on the Role of Compartmentalized Profiles of Cytokines in the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13432. [PMID: 37686245 PMCID: PMC10563083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, is frequently diagnosed late due to the absence of symptoms during early disease, thus heavily affecting the overall survival of these patients. Soluble immunological factors persistently produced during cirrhosis have been recognized as promoters of chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the predictive value of the cytokine profiles for HCC development. A Luminex xMAP approach was used for the quantification of 45 proteins in plasma and ascitic fluids of 44 cirrhotic patients without or with HCC of different etiologies. The association with patient survival was also evaluated. Univariate analyses revealed that very low levels of interleukin 5 (IL-5) (<15.86 pg/mL) in ascites and IL-15 (<12.40 pg/mL) in plasma were able to predict HCC onset with an accuracy of 81.8% and a sensitivity of 95.2%. Univariate analyses also showed that HCC, hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infections, low levels of IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in ascitic fluids, and high levels of eotaxin-1, hepatocyte growth factor and stromal-cell-derived factor 1α in plasma samples were factors potentially associated with a poor prognosis and decreased survival. Our results suggest a potential protective role of some immune modulators that may act in the peritoneal cavity to counteract disease progression leading to HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Fasolato
- Department of Medicine, Padua University Hospital, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (P.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Del Bianco
- Clinical Research Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Sandro Malacrida
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, I-39100 Bozen, Italy;
| | - Adriana Mattiolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, I-35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Department of Medicine, Padua University Hospital, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (P.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, Padua University Hospital, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (P.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.C.)
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Tourkochristou E, Assimakopoulos SF, Thomopoulos K, Marangos M, Triantos C. NAFLD and HBV interplay - related mechanisms underlying liver disease progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965548. [PMID: 36544761 PMCID: PMC9760931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) constitute common chronic liver diseases with worldwide distribution. NAFLD burden is expected to grow in the coming decade, especially in western countries, considering the increased incidence of diabetes and obesity. Despite the organized HBV vaccinations and use of anti-viral therapies globally, HBV infection remains endemic and challenging public health issue. As both NAFLD and HBV have been associated with the development of progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the co-occurrence of both diseases has gained great research and clinical interest. The causative relationship between NAFLD and HBV infection has not been elucidated so far. Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism and lipotoxicity in NAFLD disease seems to initiate activation of signaling pathways that enhance pro-inflammatory responses and disrupt hepatocyte cell homeostasis, promoting progression of NAFLD disease to NASH, fibrosis and HCC and can affect HBV replication and immune encountering of HBV virus, which may further have impact on liver disease progression. Chronic HBV infection is suggested to have an influence on metabolic changes, which could lead to NAFLD development and the HBV-induced inflammatory responses and molecular pathways may constitute an aggravating factor in hepatic steatosis development. The observed altered immune homeostasis in both HBV infection and NAFLD could be associated with progression to HCC development. Elucidation of the possible mechanisms beyond HBV chronic infection and NAFLD diseases, which could lead to advanced liver disease or increase the risk for severe complications, in the case of HBV-NAFLD co-existence is of high clinical significance in the context of designing effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,*Correspondence: Stelios F. Assimakopoulos,
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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6
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Monirujjaman M, Bathe OF, Mazurak VC. Dietary EPA+DHA Mitigate Hepatic Toxicity and Modify the Oxylipin Profile in an Animal Model of Colorectal Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225703. [PMID: 36428795 PMCID: PMC9688617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are commonly used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer, but chemotherapy-associated steatosis/steatohepatitis (CASSH) frequently accompanies their use. The objective of this study was to determine effect of CPT-11+5-FU on liver toxicity, liver oxylipins, and cytokines, and to explore whether these alterations could be modified by dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of fish oil (EPA+DHA). Tumor-bearing animals were administered CPT-11+5-FU and maintained on a control diet or a diet containing EPA+DHA (2.3 g/100 g). Livers were collected one week after chemotherapy for the analysis of oxylipins, cytokines, and markers of liver pathology (oxidized glutathione, GSSH; 4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE, and type-I collagen fiber). Dietary EPA+DHA prevented the chemotherapy-induced increases in liver GSSH (p < 0.011) and 4-HNE (p < 0.006). Compared with the tumor-bearing animals, ten oxylipins were altered (three/ten n-6 oxylipins were elevated while seven/ten n-3 oxylipins were reduced) following chemotherapy. Reductions in the n-3 fatty-acid-derived oxylipins that were evident following chemotherapy were restored by dietary EPA+DHA. Liver TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were elevated (p < 0.05) following chemotherapy; dietary EPA+DHA reduced IL-6 (p = 0.09) and eotaxin (p = 0.007) levels. Chemotherapy-induced liver injury results in distinct alterations in oxylipins and cytokines, and dietary EPA+DHA attenuates these pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirujjaman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Oliver F. Bathe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vera C. Mazurak
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-8048
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Fan Z, Kong M, Dong W, Dong C, Miao X, Guo Y, Liu X, Miao S, Li L, Chen T, Qu Y, Yu F, Duan Y, Lu Y, Zou X. Trans-activation of eotaxin-1 by Brg1 contributes to liver regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:495. [PMID: 35614068 PMCID: PMC9132924 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration of eosinophils is associated with and contributes to liver regeneration. Chemotaxis of eosinophils is orchestrated by the eotaxin family of chemoattractants. We report here that expression of eotaxin-1 (referred to as eotaxin hereafter), but not that of either eotaxin-2 or eotaxin-3, were elevated, as measured by quantitative PCR and ELISA, in the proliferating murine livers compared to the quiescent livers. Similarly, exposure of primary murine hepatocytes to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulated eotaxin expression. Liver specific deletion of Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a chromatin remodeling protein, attenuated eosinophil infiltration and down-regulated eotaxin expression in mice. Brg1 deficiency also blocked HGF-induced eotaxin expression in cultured hepatocytes. Further analysis revealed that Brg1 could directly bind to the proximal eotaxin promoter to activate its transcription. Mechanistically, Brg1 interacted with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/RelA to activate eotaxin transcription. NF-κB knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition disrupted Brg1 recruitment to the eotaxin promoter and blocked eotaxin induction in hepatocytes. Adenoviral mediated over-expression of eotaxin overcame Brg1 deficiency caused delay in liver regeneration in mice. On the contrary, eotaxin depletion with RNAi or neutralizing antibodies retarded liver regeneration in mice. More important, Brg1 expression was detected to be correlated with eotaxin expression and eosinophil infiltration in human liver specimens. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel role of Brg1 as a regulator of eosinophil trafficking by activating eotaxin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fan
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China ,grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlong Dong
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Guo
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892College of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shuying Miao
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqing Qu
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Experimental Animal Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Experimental Animal Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Duan
- grid.490563.d0000000417578685Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- grid.490563.d0000000417578685Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Perramón M, Carvajal S, Reichenbach V, Fernández‐Varo G, Boix L, Macias‐Muñoz L, Melgar‐Lesmes P, Bruix J, Melmed S, Lamas S, Jiménez W. The pituitary tumour-transforming gene 1/delta-like homologue 1 pathway plays a key role in liver fibrogenesis. Liver Int 2022; 42:651-662. [PMID: 35050550 PMCID: PMC9303549 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS PTTG1 is almost undetectable in adult livers but is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma. While little is known about its involvement in liver fibrosis, PTTG1 expression is associated with DLK1. We assessed the role of the PTTG1/DLK1 pathway in fibrosis progression and the potential therapeutic effect of PTTG1 silencing in fibrosis. METHODS Pttg1 and Dlk1 were studied in liver and isolated cell populations of control and fibrotic rats and in human liver biopsies. The fibrotic molecular signature was analysed in Pttg1-/- and Pttg1+/+ fibrotic mice. Finally, Pttg1 silencing was evaluated in rats as a novel antifibrotic therapy. RESULTS Pttg1 and Dlk1 mRNA selectively increased in fibrotic rats paralleling fibrosis progression. Serum DLK1 concentrations correlated with hepatic collagen content and systemic and portal haemodynamics. Human cirrhotic livers showed greater PTTG1 and DLK1 transcript abundance than non-cirrhotic, and reduced collagen was observed in Pttg1 Pttg1-/- mice. The liver fibrotic molecular signature revealed lower expression of genes related to extracellular matrix remodelling including Mmp8 and 9 and Timp4 and greater eotaxin and Mmp13 than fibrotic Pttg1+/+ mice. Finally, interfering Pttg1 resulted in reduced liver fibrotic area, lower α-Sma and decreased portal pressure than fibrotic animals. Furthermore, Pttg1 silencing decreased the transcription of Dlk1, collagens I and III, Pdgfrβ, Tgfrβ, Timp1, Timp2 and Mmp2. CONCLUSIONS Pttg1/Dlk1 are selectively overexpressed in the cirrhotic liver and participate in ECM turnover regulation. Pttg1 disruption decreases Dlk1 transcription and attenuates collagen deposition. PTTG1/DLK1 signalling is a novel pathway for targeting the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Perramón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Silvia Carvajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Vedrana Reichenbach
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Guillermo Fernández‐Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Loreto Boix
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Barcelona‐Clínic Liver Cancer GroupHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Macias‐Muñoz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pedro Melgar‐Lesmes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Barcelona‐Clínic Liver Cancer GroupHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of Medicine, Cedars‐Sinai Research InstituteUniversity of California School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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9
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Khoury T, Rotnemer-Golinkin D, Zolotarev L, Ilan Y. Orally administered anti-eotaxin-1 monoclonal antibody is biologically active in the gut and alleviates immune-mediated hepatitis: A novel anti-inflammatory personalized therapeutic approach. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211021215. [PMID: 34275345 PMCID: PMC8287423 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211021215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized therapies are designed to optimize the safety-to-efficacy
ratio by selecting patients with higher response rates based on
specific biomarkers. Inflammation plays a vital role in the
pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a common liver
disorder. Eotaxin-1 plays a role in innate and adaptive immune
responses. High eotaxin-1 levels are associated with diabetes and
fatty liver disease and, therefore, serves as a biomarker for patient
selection. The anti-eotaxin-1 monoclonal antibody is tailored for the
personalized therapy of patients with inflammatory conditions due to
high levels of eotaxin-1. To evaluate the biological activity and
immunomodulatory effect of orally administered anti-eotaxin-1. C57B1/6
mice were treated with either oral or intra-peritoneal anti-eotaxin-1
antibody before induction of immune-mediated hepatitis using an
injection of concanavalin A (ConA) and checked for liver injury and
eotaxin-1 serum levels. Oral administration of anti-eotaxin-1
alleviated the immune-mediated liver injury. Serum alanine
aminotransferase levels decreased to 1807 U/L, compared with 19025 U/L
in untreated controls and 3657 U/L in mice treated with parenteral
anti-eotaxin-1 (P < 0.005). A trend toward reduced
serum eotaxin-1 levels was observed in treated mice, ranging from 594
pg/mL in the controls to 554 and 561 pg/mL in mice treated orally and
intraperitoneally (P = 0.08, P =
0.06, respectively). Oral administration of anti-eotaxin-1 antibody
shows biological activity in the gut and exerts a systemic
immunomodulatory effect to alleviate immune-mediated hepatitis. The
data suggest that testing for eotaxin-1 serum levels may enable
screening patients with high-eotaxin-1 levels-associated NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Khoury
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dory Rotnemer-Golinkin
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lidya Zolotarev
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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10
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Ribeiro IG, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Fradico JRB, Costa-Rocha IAD, Silva LD, Fonseca LADS, Stancioli RCS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira R. Remodeling of immunological biomarkers in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antiviral therapy. Antiviral Res 2021; 190:105073. [PMID: 33887350 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The HCV treatment with DAAs has offered a unique opportunity to analyze the changes in the immune system caused by the rapid inhibition of viral replication. We sought to analyze the kinetics profiles of serum biomarkers (LuminexTM) in fifty patients with chronic hepatitis C enrolled in a longitudinal investigation carried out before (baseline), during (W2-4 and W8-12 weeks) and post-treatment (W12-24 weeks) with sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir or simeprevir. The results demonstrated a clear biomarker overproduction in HCV patients at baseline. The kinetics timeline of baseline fold changes upon DAAs treatment revealed an early decline of CXCL8, CCL4, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, IL-9, GM-CSF and IL-7 at W8-12 and a late shift towards lower levels of CCL3, CCL2, CCL5, IL1β, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL1-Ra, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, PDGF, VEGF, G-CSF at W12-24. Our data demonstrated that HCV treatment with DAAs resulted in a clear change of the serum biomarker overproduction, hallmark of untreated HCV patients. High ALT (>69U/L), low platelet (≤150,000/mm3) and cirrhosis status at baseline were factors related to delayed immune response shift, as well as, in the kinetics of baseline fold changes in serum biomarkers. These findings added novel evidences for the immunological restoration process triggered by DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Gomes Ribeiro
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ismael Artur da Costa-Rocha
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Diniz Silva
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucy Ana Dos Santos Fonseca
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Carvalho Said Stancioli
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosângela Teixeira
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Wong SW, Ting YW, Yong YK, Tan HY, Barathan M, Riazalhosseini B, Bee CJ, Tee KK, Larsson M, Velu V, Shankar EM, Mohamed R. Chronic inflammation involves CCL11 and IL-13 to facilitate the development of liver cirrhosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2021; 81:147-159. [PMID: 33528280 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1876245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the context of chronic HBV (CHB) virus infection requires to be understood for developing improved modalities of diagnosis and treatment. We retrospectively investigated the association between NAFLD and CHB virus infection in the context of liver fibrosis. Among the 522 consecutive CHB patients who underwent transient elastography between years 2013 and 2016, we studied 455 subjects in the current investigation. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) scores were generally higher in patients with steatosis and fibrosis or cirrhosis. Antiviral treatment had significantly reduced the hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load. Other liver function markers showed a significant positive correlation with both CAP and LSM scores. Plasma IL-13 was independently associated with increased CAP score where every increase of 1 unit of IL-13 was associated with an increase in CAP score by 0.98 unit. CCL11 was independently associated with LSM with every increase of CCL11 by a unit that, in turn, was associated with an increase of LSM score. We found that there was a high concurrence of NAFLD among patients with CHB virus infection. The presence of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation in CHB virus-infected patients were two independent factors that led to the progression of liver cirrhosis, with IL-13 playing the key role in linking the metabolic with the inflammatory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Weng Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Wen Ting
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yean-Kong Yong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Hong-Yien Tan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Muttiah Barathan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Behnaz Riazalhosseini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chook Jack Bee
- School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Keng Tee
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Comparing the effects of whey and casein supplementation on nutritional status and immune parameters in patients with chronic liver disease: a randomised double-blind controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:768-779. [PMID: 32807252 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein supplementation may be beneficial for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). This study compared the effects of whey protein isolate (WP) and casein (CA) supplementation on nutritional status and immune parameters of CLD patients who were randomly assigned to take 20 g of WP or CA twice per d as a supplement for 15 d. Body composition, muscle functionality and plasmatic immunomarkers were assessed before and after supplementation. Patients were also classified according to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) into less (MELD < 15) and more (MELD ≥ 15) severe disease groups. Malnutrition, determined by the Subjective Global Assessment at baseline, was observed in 57·4 % and 54·2 % of patients in the WP and CA groups, respectively (P = 0·649). Protein intake was lower at baseline in the WP group than in the CA group (P = 0·035), with no difference after supplementation (P = 0·410). Both the WP and CA MELD < 15 groups increased protein intake after supplementation according to the intragroup analysis. No differences were observed in body composition, muscle functionality, most plasma cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β and interferon-γ), immunomodulatory proteins (sTNFR1, sTNFR2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) or immunomodulatory hormones (adiponectin, insulin and leptin) after supplementation in the WP groups at the two assessed moments. WP supplementation increased the levels of interferon-γ-induced protein-10/CXCL10 (P = 0·022), eotaxin-1/CCL11 (P = 0·031) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 (P = 0·018) and decreased IL-5 (P = 0·027), including among those in the MELD ≥ 15 group, for whom IL-10 was also increased (P = 0·008). Thus, WP consumption by patients with CLD impacted the immunomodulatory responses when compared with CA with no impact on nutritional status.
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13
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Modeling of Normal Tissue Complications Using Imaging and Biomarkers After Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 100:335-343. [PMID: 29353652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop normal tissue complications (NTCP) models for hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients who undergo liver radiation therapy (RT) and to evaluate the potential role of functional imaging and measurement of blood-based circulating biological markers before and during RT to improve the performance of these models. METHODS AND MATERIALS The data from 192 HCC patients who had undergone RT from 2005 to 2014 were evaluated. Of the 192 patients, 146 had received stereotactic body RT (SBRT) and 46 had received conventional RT to a median physical tumor dose of 49.8 Gy and 50.4 Gy, respectively. The physical doses were converted into 2-Gy equivalents for analysis. Two approaches were investigated for modeling NTCP: (1) a generalized Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model; and (2) a generalization of the parallel architecture model. Three clinical endpoints were considered: the change in albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), change in Child-Pugh (C-P) score, and grade ≥3 liver enzymatic changes. Local dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging portal venous perfusion information was used as an imaging biomarker for local liver function. Four candidate inflammatory cytokines were considered as biological markers. The imaging findings and cytokine levels were incorporated into NTCP modeling, and their role was evaluated using goodness-of-fit metrics. RESULTS Using dosimetric information only, the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model for the ALBI/C-P change had a steeper response curve compared with grade ≥3 enzymatic changes. Incorporating portal venous perfusion imaging information into the parallel architecture model to represent functional reserve resulted in relatively steeper dose-response curves compared with dose-only models. A larger loss of perfusion function was needed for enzymatic changes compared with ALBI/C-P changes. Increased transforming growth factor-β1 and eotaxin expression increased the trend of expected risk in both NTCP modeling approaches but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of imaging findings and biological markers into NTCP modeling of liver toxicity improved the estimates of expected NTCP risk compared with using dose-only models. In addition, such generalized NTCP models should contribute to a better understanding of the normal tissue response in HCC SBRT patients and facilitate personalized treatment.
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14
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Lin F, Shi H, Liu D, Zhang Z, Luo W, Mao P, Zhong R, Liang Y, Yang Z. Association of CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 with primary biliary cholangitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:372-377. [PMID: 30583236 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 are potent chemokines for eosinophils. Since there has been no study reporting the association serum CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 with fibrotic progression of PBC, the aim of this study is to explore the association. METHODS One hundred and eight PBC patients, 52 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 50 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The sera were detected for CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 using multiplex immunoassay. Other laboratory indicators were routinely measured. PBC was divided into four stages according to Scheuer's classification. RESULTS Serum CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 levels were significantly higher in PBC patients than those with CHB and HC (P < 0.05). The ROC analyses showed that all of the three CCLs performed well for identification of PBC (all P< or =0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed an independent relationship of CCL26 with APRI and FIB-4 in PBC patients, but no relationship of CCL11 and CCL24 with fibrotic indicators. Additionally, serum CCL11 and CCL26 were negatively correlated with histological stage of PBC, while serum CCL24 showed no statistical correlation. CONCLUSION Serum CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 are upregulated in PBC. CCL11 and CCL26 are associated with fibrotic progression of PBC, but CCL24 is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhencheng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanwan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panying Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renqian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Petrackova A, Smrzova A, Gajdos P, Schubertova M, Schneiderova P, Kromer P, Snasel V, Skacelova M, Mrazek F, Zadrazil J, Horak P, Kriegova E. Serum protein pattern associated with organ damage and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by PEA immunoassay. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 29026368 PMCID: PMC5627398 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remarkably heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Despite tremendous efforts, our knowledge of serum protein patterns in severe SLE phenotypes is still limited. We investigated the serum protein pattern of SLE, with special emphasis on irreversible organ damage and active lupus nephritis (LN) as assessed by renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. METHODS We used proximity extension immunoassay (PEA, Proseek Multiplex, Olink) to assess the serum levels of ninety-two inflammation-related proteins in Czech patients with SLE (n = 75) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 23). Subgroup analysis was carried out on the basis of organ damage (with/without, 42/33) and biopsy-proven LN (with/without, 27/48; active LN, n = 13; inactive LN, n = 14). RESULTS Of thirty deregulated proteins between SLE and the healthy controls (Pcorr < 0.05), the top upregulated proteins in SLE were sirtuin 2, interleukin 18 (IL18), and caspase 8 (Pcorr < 0.0006). Of these, sirtuin 2 and caspase 8 had not yet been reported with SLE. Elevated levels of IL8, CCL2/MCP1, CCL11, and MMP10 (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in patients with organ damage for which the serum levels of CCL11 and MMP10 were particularly informative in organ damage prediction. Comparing patients based on LN, elevated levels of CSF1, sIL15RA, sCD40, sCX3CL1, caspase 8, sIL18R1, bNGF, and GDNF (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in active LN. Except GDNF, all LN-associated markers showed usefulness in prediction of active renal disease. CONCLUSIONS This highly sensitive PEA analysis identified the serum pattern of SLE, organ damage, and active LN, with many novel candidate proteins detected. Their exact role and suitability as biomarkers in SLE deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrackova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Smrzova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gajdos
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Schubertova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Schneiderova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kromer
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Snasel
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skacelova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horak
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Lamoury FMJ, Hajarizadeh B, Keoshkerian E, Feld JJ, Amin J, Teutsch S, Matthews GV, Hellard M, Dore GJ, Lloyd AR, Applegate TL, Grebely J. HIV infection is associated with higher levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and eotaxin among people with recent hepatitis C virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:241. [PMID: 27246604 PMCID: PMC4888248 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to more rapid progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver fibrosis, which could be linked to differences in the severity of liver inflammation among HIV/HCV co-infected individuals compared to HCV mono-infected individuals. This study assessed the association of HIV co-infection with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines and chemokines during recent HCV infection. Methods Participants from the ATAHC study, a prospective cohort of recent HCV infection, with detectable HCV RNA at the time of acute HCV detection were included. Concentrations of 27 plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured by multiplex immunoassays and compared between those with, and without, HIV co-infection. Results Out of 117 individuals with recent HCV infection included in analysis, 73 had HCV mono-infection and 44 had HIV/HCV co-infection. Individuals with HIV/HCV co-infection had significantly higher mean levels of eotaxin (1.79 vs. 1.62 log pg/mL; P < 0.001), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1; 2.10 vs. 1.98 log pg/mL; P < 0.001), and interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10; 3.11 vs. 2.98 log pg/mL; P = 0.013). Linear regression analyses adjusting for age, alanine transaminase (ALT), HCV RNA levels, and assay run, higher eotaxin levels were independently associated with HIV/HCV co-infection (adjusted β: 0.12; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.24; P = 0.039). Higher MCP-1 levels were also independently associated with HIV/HCV co-infection in adjusted analysis (adjusted β: 0.11; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.18; P = 0.009). Conclusions During recent HCV, those with HIV/HCV co-infection had a stronger pro-fibrogenic mediator profile compared to those with HCV mono-infection. These findings may provide a potential explanation for accelerated liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infection. Trial registration Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC) study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov registry on September 11, 2005. NCT00192569. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1567-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M J Lamoury
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia. .,Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | | | - Elizabeth Keoshkerian
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Janaki Amin
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Suzy Teutsch
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail V Matthews
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.,HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gregory J Dore
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.,HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Sysoev KA, Chukhlovin AV, Shakhmanov DM, Zhdanov KV, Totolian AA. CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2013-1-49-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Sanner H, Schwartz T, Flatø B, Vistnes M, Christensen G, Sjaastad I. Increased levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 in juvenile dermatomyositis median 16.8 years after disease onset; associations with disease activity, duration and organ damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92171. [PMID: 24647150 PMCID: PMC3960173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cytokine profiles in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) after medium to long-term follow-up with matched controls, and to examine associations between cytokine levels and disease activity, disease duration and organ damage. METHODS Fifty-four JDM patients were examined median 16.8 years (2-38) after disease onset (follow-up) and compared with 54 sex- and age-matched controls. Cytokine concentrations in serum were quantified by Luminex technology. In patients, disease activity score (DAS), myositis damage index (MDI) and other disease parameters were collected by chart review (early parameters) and clinical examination (follow-up). RESULTS Serum levels of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) were elevated in JDM patients compared to controls (31.5%, 37.2% and 43.2% respectively, all p<0.05). Patients with active (n = 28), but not inactive disease (n = 26) had a higher level of MCP-1 than their respective controls. Levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 correlated with disease duration (r = 0.47 and r = 0.64, both p<0.001) and age in patients, but not with age in controls. At follow-up, MDI was associated with MCP-1(standardized β = 0.43, p = 0.002) after adjusting for disease duration and gender. High MDI 1 year post-diagnosis predicted high levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 at follow-up (standardized β = 0.24 and 0.29, both p<0.05) after adjusting for disease duration and gender. CONCLUSION Patients with JDM had higher eotaxin, MCP-1 and IP-10 than controls. High eotaxin and MCP-1 at follow-up was predicted by early disease parameters, and MCP-1 was associated with organ damage at follow-up, highlighting a role of these chemokines in JDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Sanner
- Section of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Flatø
- Section of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Vistnes
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Landi A, Weismuller TJ, Lankisch TO, Santer DM, Tyrrell DLJ, Manns MP, Houghton M. Differential serum levels of eosinophilic eotaxins in primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and autoimmune hepatitis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 34:204-14. [PMID: 24168449 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate pathogenic mechanisms of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), serum levels of 26 chemokines and cytokines were determined and compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C or in healthy controls. The chemokine eotaxin-3 (E3; CCL26), which recruits eosinophils to sites of inflammation, was found to be highly elevated in all PSC, PBC, and AIH patients compared with HCV patients and healthy controls. Eotaxin-1 (E1; CCL11), another eosinophil-specific chemokine, was elevated in PSC but reduced in PBC and AIH, while the macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC; CCL22) was lower in all PSC, PBC, and AIH patients compared with HCV patients and controls. By incorporating levels of the interleukin (IL)-15 into a diagnostic algorithm, PSC, PBC, and AIH patients could each be differentiated with good sensitivity and specificity. These findings represent the first study to compare the level of serum cytokine/chemokine levels among these related autoimmune-like liver diseases. Furthermore, our data indicate that the measurement of serum E3, E1, CCL22, and IL-15 levels can aid in the diagnosis of these clinically challenging diseases and shed light on the potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases. By suggesting a potential role for an allergic phenomenon involving eosinophils, which may define them as liver-specific allergic diseases, this may open up potential new therapeutic avenues by abrogating the action of these disease-associated immune modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Landi
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
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20
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Osburn WO, Levine JS, Chattergoon MA, Thomas DL, Cox AL. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, pro-fibrogenic chemokines and persistence of acute HCV infection. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:404-13. [PMID: 23647957 PMCID: PMC3793396 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines play a vital role in directing and regulating immune responses to viral infections. Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by the loss of anti-HCV cellular immune responses, while control of HCV infection is associated with maintenance of anti-HCV cellular immune responses. To determine whether plasma concentrations of 19 chemokines and cytokines controlling T-cell trafficking and function differed based on infection outcome, we compared them in at-risk subjects followed prospectively for HCV infection. Levels were compared over time in subjects who controlled HCV infection (Clearance) and subjects who developed persistent HCV infection (Persistence) at two time points during acute infection: (i) first viraemic sample (initial viraemia) and (ii) last viraemic sample in Clearance subjects and time-matched samples in Persistence subjects. At initial viraemia, increased pro-inflammatory tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) plasma concentrations were observed in the Clearance group, while the plasma levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 and IL-13 were higher in the Persistence group. IL-13 was positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-10 at initial viraemia in the Persistence group. At the time of last viraemia, plasma levels of eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-4 (MCP-4), IL-5 and IL-10 were higher in the Persistence group and IL-10 and IL-5 levels were positively correlated. Collectively, these results suggest that the development of persistent infection is associated with an anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic chemokine and cytokine profile that is evident at the onset of infection and maintained throughout acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Osburn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Mangieri D, Corradi D, Martorana D, Malerba G, Palmisano A, Libri I, Bartoli V, Carnevali ML, Goldoni M, Govoni P, Alinovi R, Buzio C, Vaglio A. Eotaxin/CCL11 in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 27:3875-84. [PMID: 23114905 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) is a rare fibro-inflammatory disorder characterized by a periaortic tissue which often encases the ureters causing acute renal failure. IRF histology shows fibrosis and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate with frequent tissue eosinophilia. We assessed a panel of molecules promoting eosinophilia and fibrosis in IRF patients and performed an immunogenetic study. METHODS Serum levels of eotaxin/CCL11, regulated and normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-5, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) were measured using a multiplex assay in 24 newly diagnosed, untreated IRF patients and 14 healthy controls. Retroperitoneal biopsies (available in 8/24 patients) were histologically evaluated to assess eosinophil infiltration, whereas mast cells (MCs) were identified by immunohistochemical analysis for human tryptase. Immunohistochemistry for eotaxin/CCL11 and its receptor CCR3 was also performed. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CCL11 gene (rs6505403, rs1860184, rs4795896, rs17735961, rs16969415 and rs17809012) were investigated in 142 IRF patients and 214 healthy controls. RESULTS Serum levels of eotaxin/CCL11 were higher in IRF patients than in controls (P = 0.009). Eotaxin/CCL11 drives tissue infiltration of eosinophils and MCs, which can promote fibrosis. Eosinophilic infiltration was prominent (>5 cells/hpf) in five (62.5%) cases, and abundant tryptase-positive MCs were found in all cases; notably, MCs were in a degranulating state. Immunohistochemistry showed that CCL11 was highly produced by infiltrating mononuclear cells and that its receptor CCR3 was expressed by infiltrating eosinophils, MCs, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. None of the tested CCL11 SNPs showed disease association, but the TTCCAT haplotype was significantly associated with IRF (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the eotaxin/CCL11-CCR3 axis is active in IRF and may contribute to its pathogenesis; the TTCCAT haplotype within the CCL11 gene is significantly associated with IRF.
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22
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Kostadinova R, Boess F, Applegate D, Suter L, Weiser T, Singer T, Naughton B, Roth A. A long-term three dimensional liver co-culture system for improved prediction of clinically relevant drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:1-16. [PMID: 23352505 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the major cause for liver failure and post-marketing drug withdrawals. Due to species-specific differences in hepatocellular function, animal experiments to assess potential liabilities of drug candidates can predict hepatotoxicity in humans only to a certain extent. In addition to animal experimentation, primary hepatocytes from rat or human are widely used for pre-clinical safety assessment. However, as many toxic responses in vivo are mediated by a complex interplay among different cell types and often require chronic drug exposures, the predictive performance of hepatocytes is very limited. Here, we established and characterized human and rat in vitro three-dimensional (3D) liver co-culture systems containing primary parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells. Our data demonstrate that cells cultured on a 3D scaffold have a preserved composition of hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer and endothelial cells and maintain liver function for up to 3months, as measured by the production of albumin, fibrinogen, transferrin and urea. Additionally, 3D liver co-cultures maintain cytochrome P450 inducibility, form bile canaliculi-like structures and respond to inflammatory stimuli. Upon incubation with selected hepatotoxicants including drugs which have been shown to induce idiosyncratic toxicity, we demonstrated that this model better detected in vivo drug-induced toxicity, including species-specific drug effects, when compared to monolayer hepatocyte cultures. In conclusion, our results underline the importance of more complex and long lasting in vitro cell culture models that contain all liver cell types and allow repeated drug-treatments for detection of in vivo-relevant adverse drug effects.
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23
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Yoneda S, Umemura T, Joshita S, Ichijo T, Matsumoto A, Yoshizawa K, Katsuyama Y, Ota M, Tanaka E. Serum chemokine levels are associated with the outcome of pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2011; 41:587-93. [PMID: 21504519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Serum chemokine levels and amino acid substitutions in the interferon-sensitivity determining region (ISDR) and core region have been associated with treatment outcome of pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. The present study was conducted to clarify the association between serum chemokines and treatment outcome in patients with chronic HCV-1 infection in a Japanese cohort. METHODS A total of six serum chemokines were quantified before, during and after pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment in 79 genotype 1 chronic HCV patients using a multiple bead array system. Viral ISDR and core region variants were determined by direct sequencing. RESULTS The baseline serum levels of eotaxin, IP-10 and RANTES were significantly higher in chronic HCV patients than in controls. High levels of eotaxin and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β before therapy and more than two mutations in the ISDR were associated with a sustained virological response, and patients with more than two mutations in the ISDR also had significantly higher MIP-1β levels. Receiver-operator curve analysis showed a 77% sensitivity and 73% specificity for predicting an SVR using MIP-1β values. CONCLUSION Serum MIP-1β levels may predict the response to HCV treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin and are associated with amino acid substitutions in the ISDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoneda
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department of Legal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
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24
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Burke ML, McManus DP, Ramm GA, Duke M, Li Y, Jones MK, Gobert GN. Temporal expression of chemokines dictates the hepatic inflammatory infiltrate in a murine model of schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e598. [PMID: 20161726 PMCID: PMC2817718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis continues to be an important cause of parasitic morbidity and mortality world-wide. Determining the molecular mechanisms regulating the development of granulomas and fibrosis will be essential for understanding how schistosome antigens interact with the host environment. We report here the first whole genome microarray analysis of the murine liver during the progression of Schistosoma japonicum egg-induced granuloma formation and hepatic fibrosis. Our results reveal a distinct temporal relationship between the expression of chemokine subsets and the recruitment of cells to the infected liver. Genes up-regulated earlier in the response included T- and B-cell chemoattractants, reflecting the early recruitment of these cells illustrated by flow cytometry. The later phases of the response corresponded with peak recruitment of eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and myofibroblasts/hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the expression of chemokines with activity for these cells including CCL11 (eotaxin 1), members of the Monocyte-chemoattractant protein family (CCL7, CCL8, CCL12) and the Hepatic Stellate Cell/Fibrocyte chemoattractant CXCL1. Peak expression of macrophage chemoattractants (CCL6, CXCL14) and markers of alternatively activated macrophages (e.g. Retnla) during this later phase provides further evidence of a role for these cells in schistosome-induced pathology. Additionally, we demonstrate that CCL7 immunolocalises to the fibrotic zone of granulomas. Furthermore, striking up-regulation of neutrophil markers and the localisation of neutrophils and the neutrophil chemokine S100A8 to fibrotic areas suggest the involvement of neutrophils in S. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis. These results further our understanding of the immunopathogenic and, especially, chemokine signalling pathways that regulate the development of S. japonicum-induced granulomas and fibrosis and may provide correlative insight into the pathogenesis of other chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver where fibrosis is a common feature. Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by parasitic worms, is a significant cause of illness and death in the developing world. Furthermore, recent reports suggest that the global burden of disease due to schistosomiasis has been significantly underestimated. Schistosomiasis of the liver arises due to inflammation and the deposition of scar tissue around parasite eggs trapped in this organ. In the current study we analysed the gene-expression profile of the mouse liver at several time points following infection with a virulent strain of Schistosoma japonicum to better understand the mechanisms that regulate this process. Progression of disease was associated with increased expression of different groups of genes with distinct biological functions. Specifically, we identified several genes encoding chemical signalling molecules that contribute to different phases of the response by recruiting key cell types to the site of inflammation. This study represents the most comprehensive report to date of the gene expression profile in the liver during schistosomiasis. These results provide further insight into the mechanisms that regulate the development of schistosome-induced inflammation and scarring and will aid in the development of novel treatments to alleviate the burden of disease caused by this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Burke
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant A. Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary Duke
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- Parasite Cell Biology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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dos Santos DCM, da Silva Gomes Martinho JM, Pacheco-Moreira LF, Carvalho Viana de Araújo C, Caroli-Bottino A, Pannain VL, Soares Trinta K, Gandini M, da Costa Neves PC, de Souza Matos DC, Gonçalves Caputo LF, Pelajo-Machado M, Alves Pinto M. Eosinophils involved in fulminant hepatic failure are associated with high interleukin-6 expression and absence of interleukin-5 in liver and peripheral blood. Liver Int 2009; 29:544-51. [PMID: 19323781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although eosinophils are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various parasitic, allergic and autoimmune digestive diseases, their role in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is unknown. Our contribution was to identify and quantify eosinophils and cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-5 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha] in liver parenchyma and peripheral blood from FHF patients at pre- and post-transplantation steps. METHODS Histochemical methods were used to identify/quantify eosinophils in liver samples. Liver and plasma cytokine levels were quantified using immunofluorescence methods. RESULTS Fulminant hepatic failure patients showed a high number of intrahepatic eosinophils concomitant with an increased expression of IL-6, besides the IL-6-positive eosinophils associated with the lack of IL-5. Also, an increased number of eosinophils and soluble IL-6 and MIP-1alpha with a low expression of IL-5 in peripheral blood at the pretransplantation step was observed. CONCLUSIONS The increased number of intrahepatic eosinophils, besides the high production of IL-6, may be involved in liver dysfunction. In addition, the low presence of IL-5 in liver and peripheral blood may represent a particular pattern of eosinophil behaviour in human liver failure, which may also involve MIP-1alpha. Further ex vivo studies are necessary to evaluate the specific role of eosinophils in FHF.
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Karlmark KR, Wasmuth HE, Trautwein C, Tacke F. Chemokine-directed immune cell infiltration in acute and chronic liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 2:233-42. [PMID: 19072358 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of various immune cell populations, including monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK), NKT cells and T cells, is a central pathogenic feature following acute- and chronic liver injury. Chemotactic cytokines, chemokines, are small-protein mediators that direct the migration of immune cells. Several hepatic cell populations, including hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells, can secrete chemokines upon activation. Samples from liver-disease patients and animal models of experimental injury highlight multiple activated chemokine pathways during initiation, maintenance or resolution of liver pathology. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Chemokine [C-C motif] ligand [CCL]2) can attract monocytes via CCR2. Infiltrating monocytes probably have functions in both disease progression and resolution of damage. RANTES (CCL5) may promote infiltration of NK (via CCR1) and T cells (via CCR5). Dissecting the exact functional contribution of immune cell subsets, chemokines and chemokine-receptor pathways in liver injury will hopefully identify novel targets for the treatment of acute liver failure, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlin Raja Karlmark
- Medical Clinic III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
The hepatic stellate cell has surprised and engaged physiologists, pathologists, and hepatologists for over 130 years, yet clear evidence of its role in hepatic injury and fibrosis only emerged following the refinement of methods for its isolation and characterization. The paradigm in liver injury of activation of quiescent vitamin A-rich stellate cells into proliferative, contractile, and fibrogenic myofibroblasts has launched an era of astonishing progress in understanding the mechanistic basis of hepatic fibrosis progression and regression. But this simple paradigm has now yielded to a remarkably broad appreciation of the cell's functions not only in liver injury, but also in hepatic development, regeneration, xenobiotic responses, intermediary metabolism, and immunoregulation. Among the most exciting prospects is that stellate cells are essential for hepatic progenitor cell amplification and differentiation. Equally intriguing is the remarkable plasticity of stellate cells, not only in their variable intermediate filament phenotype, but also in their functions. Stellate cells can be viewed as the nexus in a complex sinusoidal milieu that requires tightly regulated autocrine and paracrine cross-talk, rapid responses to evolving extracellular matrix content, and exquisite responsiveness to the metabolic needs imposed by liver growth and repair. Moreover, roles vital to systemic homeostasis include their storage and mobilization of retinoids, their emerging capacity for antigen presentation and induction of tolerance, as well as their emerging relationship to bone marrow-derived cells. As interest in this cell type intensifies, more surprises and mysteries are sure to unfold that will ultimately benefit our understanding of liver physiology and the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
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