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Fonseca-Santos B, Cazarin CA, da Silva PB, Dos Santos KP, da Rocha MCO, Báo SN, De-Souza MM, Chorilli M. Intranasal in situ gelling liquid crystal for delivery of resveratrol ameliorates memory and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023:102689. [PMID: 37156330 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an illness that affects people aged 65 or older and affects around 6.5 million in the United States. Resveratrol is a chemical obtained from natural products and it exhibits biological activity based on inhibiting the formation, depolymerization of the amyloid, and decreasing neuroinflammation. Due to the insolubility of this compound; its incorporation in surfactant-based systems was proposed to design an intranasal formulation. A range of systems has been produced by mixing oleic acid, CETETH-20 and water. Polarised light microscopy (PLM), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm the initial liquid formulation (F) presented as microemulsion (ME). After dilution, the gelled systems were characterized as hexagonal mesophase and they showed feasibility proprieties. Pharmacological assays performed after intranasal administration showed the ability to improve learning and memory in animals, as well as remission of neuroinflammation via inhibition of interleukin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-902, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Health Sciences Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Camila André Cazarin
- University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Postgraduate in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Itajaí, Santa Catarina 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Kaio Pini Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Oliveira da Rocha
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria De-Souza
- University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Postgraduate in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Itajaí, Santa Catarina 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-902, Brazil.
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Neuroprotective effects of donepezil against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:219. [PMID: 36307893 PMCID: PMC9617393 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of donepezil against β-amyloid25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and the possible mechanism. Methods PC12 cells were conventionally cultured. Serial concentrations of Aβ25-35 and donepezil (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μmol/L) were added to the PC12 cells, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining was performed to detect the effects of these treatments on PC 12 viability. The PC 12 cells were pretreated with 1, 5, 10, 20 or 50 μmol/L donepezil two hours before 20 μmol/L Aβ25-35 was added to pretreatment groups A, B, C, D and E. Normal control group I and the 20 μmol/L Aβ25-35-treated group were selected. An MTT assay was used to detect PC12 cell viability, and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined. PC12 cells were pretreated with 10 μmol/L GF109203X (a protein kinase C [PKC] antagonist) 30 min before 10 μmol/L donepezil was added to pretreatment group F, and normal control group II, the 10 μmol/L GF109203X-treated group and the 10 μmol/L donepezil-treated group were chosen. The expression of phosphorylation-PKC (P-PKC) and its major substrate phosphorylated myristoylated alanine-rich protein C kinase substrate (P-MARCKS) was measured by Western blotting. The effects of donepezil on the subcellular distribution of the PKCα and PKCε isoforms were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results Treatment with Aβ25-35 (5, 10, 20 or 50 μmol/L) for 24 h significantly (P < 0.05) decreased PC 12 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the PC12 cells in the control group, those in the 20 μmol/L Aβ25-35-treated group exhibited lower viability but higher LDH release. Compared with the 20 μmol/L Aβ25–35-treated group, pretreatment groups B, C, D and E exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased cell viability but significantly (P < 0.05) decreased LDH release. Western blotting demonstrated that compared with control, 10 μmol/L donepezil promoted PKC and MARCKS phosphorylation and that the expression of P-PKC and P-MARCKS in pretreatment group F was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the donepezil-treated group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the PKCα and PKCε isoforms were located mainly in the cytoplasm of PC12 control cells, whereas donepezil increased the expression of the PKCα and PKCε isoforms in the membrane fraction. The Western blot results showed that donepezil altered the subcellular distribution of the PKCα and PKCε isoforms by decreasing their expression in the cytosolic fraction but increasing their expression in the membrane fraction. Conclusion Donepezil can antagonize Aβ25–350-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells, and PKC activation may account for the neuroprotective effect of donepezil.
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Liu X, Song L, Ma X, Liu Y, Huang H, Xu Y, Yan W. Overexpression of RAPGEF3 enhances the therapeutic effect of dezocine in treatment of neuropathic pain. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200463. [PMID: 34807222 PMCID: PMC8607529 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a significant problem worldwide that affects the quality of life of patients. Dezocine is a non-addictive analgesic drug with kappa-opioid antagonist activity and has been successfully used to alleviate of postoperative pain. In addition, dezocine has an analgesic effect similar to that of morphine, alleviating moderate to severe pain. Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (RAPGEF3) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for GTPases Rap1 and Rap2, which could enhance the activity of Rap1 to promote cell adhesion and axon regeneration, as well as promote neurite extension by interacting with nerve growth factors. Here, we first observed that overexpression of RAPGEF3 increased cell viability, as shown by a CCK-8 assay, and recovered brain function in rats. The expression of inflammation-related factors at the mRNA level was detected using qPCR, and the concentration of these factors in a cultured cell medium and rat serum samples were decreased as shown by ELISA after RAPGEF3 overexpression. Through western blotting, we further found that pro-inflammatory proteins were decreased, and these effects might be mediated by inhibition of the Ras/p-38 MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, we speculated that RAPGEF3overexpression enhances the therapeutic effect of dezocine on neuropathic pain by inhibiting the inflammatory response through inhibition of the Ras/p-38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li Song
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Yan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Fonseca-Santos B, Chorilli M. The uses of resveratrol for neurological diseases treatment and insights for nanotechnology based-drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119832. [PMID: 32877730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders have been growing in recent years and are highly prevalent globally. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural product from plant sources such as grape skins. This compound has shown biological activity in many diseases, in particular, those that act on the central nervous system. The mechanism of action and the key points in neurological disorders were described and show the targeted mechanism of action. Due to the insolubility of this compound; the use of nanotechnology-based systems has been proposed for the incorporation of RES and RES-loaded nanocarriers have been designed for intranasal administration, oral or parenteral routes to deliver it to the brain. In general, these nanosystems have shown to be effective in many studies, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic assays, as well as some cell studies. The outcomes show that RES has been reported in human clinical trials for some neurological diseases, although no studies were performed in humans using nanocarriers, animal and/or cellular models have been reported to show good results regarding therapeutics on neurological diseases. Thus, the use of this nutraceutical has shown true for neurological diseases and its loading into nanocarriers displaying good results on the stability, delivery and targeting to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
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Murakami K, Yoshimura M, Nakagawa S, Kume T, Kondo T, Inoue H, Irie K. Evaluation of Toxic Amyloid 42 Oligomers in Rat Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells and Human iPS-derived Neurons Treated with 10-Me-Aplog-1, a New PKC Activator. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041179. [PMID: 32053979 PMCID: PMC7072833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β42 (Aβ42), a causative agent of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is derived extracellularly from Aβ precursor protein (APP) following the latter’s cleavage by β-secretase, but not α-secretase. Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activation is known to increase α-secretase activity, thereby suppressing Aβ production. Since Aβ42 oligomer formation causes potent neurotoxicity, APP modulation by PKC ligands is a promising strategy for AD treatment. Although bryostatin-1 (bryo-1) is a leading compound for this strategy, its limited natural availability and the difficulty of its total synthesis impedes further research. To address this limitation, Irie and colleagues have developed a new PKC activator with few side effects, 10-Me-Aplog-1, (1), which decreased Aβ42 in the conditioned medium of rat primary cerebral cortex cells. These results are associated with increased α-secretase but not PKCε-dependent Aβ-degrading enzyme. The amount of neuronal embryonic lethal abnormal vision (nELAV), a known β-secretase stabilizer, was reduced by treatment with 1. Notably, 1 prevented the formation of intracellular toxic oligomers. Furthermore, 1 suppressed toxic oligomerization within human iPS-derived neurons such as bryo-1. Given that 1 was not neurotoxic toward either cell line, these findings suggest that 1 is a potential drug lead for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-75-753-6282 (K.M.); +81-75-753-6281 (K.I.)
| | - Mayuko Yoshimura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Shota Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (H.I.)
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (H.I.)
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-75-753-6282 (K.M.); +81-75-753-6281 (K.I.)
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Yamamoto K, Oyaizu M, Takahashi T, Watanabe Y, Shoji O. Inhibiting Aggregation of β-Amyloid by Folded and Unfolded Forms of Fimbrial Protein of Gram-Negative Bacteria. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Research Center for Materials Science; Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Misa Oyaizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Research Center for Materials Science; Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; School of Science and Technology; Gunma University; 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Research Center for Materials Science; Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Research Center for Materials Science; Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Japan Science and Technology Agency; 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
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Chun YS, Kim J, Chung S, Khorombi E, Naidoo D, Nthambeleni R, Harding N, Maharaj V, Fouche G, Yang HO. Protective Roles of Monsonia angustifolia and Its Active Compounds in Experimental Models of Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3133-3140. [PMID: 28378593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the accumulation of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, which consequently affects cognitive decline and memory impairment. Current research on AD treatment is actively focusing on the prevention of neurotoxic Aβ peptide accumulation. Monsonia angustifolia is reported to be consumed as an indigenous vegetable in Tanzania. In this study, we investigated the effect of the ethanol (EtOH) extract of M. angustifolia dried ground material on Aβ production and spatial learning ability as protection against AD. The formation of Aβ peptides was significantly reduced in HeLa cells stably transfected with the Swedish mutant form of β-amyloid precursor protein (APPsw) after treatment with a 60% EtOH extract of M. angustifolia. We next examined the cognitive-improving effects of the EtOH extract in vivo. Tg2576 mice were treated with extract for 6 months and subjected to Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. The results showed that the 60% EtOH extract of M. angustifolia significantly ameliorated behavioral deficits of the AD transgenic mice and reduced the level of insoluble Aβ42 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. We further found that the 60% EtOH extract was effective for memory function recovery after shorter treatment (4 months). In addition, we isolated and identified several single compounds, justicidin A, 5-methoxyjusticidin A, chinensinaphthol, retrochinensinaphthol methyl ether, and suchilactone, from M. angustifolia and tested these compounds. Among them, justicidin A potently decreased the formation of Aβ in APPsw-transfected cells. These data suggest that the 60% EtOH extract of M. angustifolia has the potential to be developed as a treatment of AD. Furthermore, justicidin A may contribute, at least partially, to the Aβ alteration observed with the extract treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sun Chun
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonki Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Khorombi
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dashnie Naidoo
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Nial Harding
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vinesh Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria , Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gerda Fouche
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science & Technology (UST) , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Non-amyloidogenic effects of α2 adrenergic agonists: implications for brimonidine-mediated neuroprotection. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2514. [PMID: 27929541 PMCID: PMC5260990 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) pathway is strongly implicated in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and more recently, glaucoma. Here, we identify the α2 adrenergic receptor agonists (α2ARA) used to lower intraocular pressure can prevent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death via the non-amyloidogenic Aβ-pathway. Neuroprotective effects were confirmed in vivo and in vitro in different glaucoma-related models using α2ARAs brimonidine (BMD), clonidine (Clo) and dexmedetomidine. α2ARA treatment significantly reduced RGC apoptosis in experimental-glaucoma models by 97.7% and 92.8% (BMD, P<0.01) and 98% and 92.3% (Clo, P<0.01)) at 3 and 8 weeks, respectively. A reduction was seen in an experimental Aβ-induced neurotoxicity model (67% BMD and 88.6% Clo, both P<0.01, respectively), and in vitro, where α2ARAs significantly (P<0.05) prevented cell death, under both hypoxic (CoCl2) and stress (UV) conditions. In experimental-glaucoma, BMD induced ninefold and 25-fold and 36-fold and fourfold reductions in Aβ and amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels at 3 and 8 weeks, respectively, in the RGC layer, with similar results with Clo, and in vitro with all three α2ARAs. BMD significantly increased soluble APPα (sAPPα) levels at 3 and 8 weeks (2.1 and 1.6-fold) in vivo and in vitro with the CoCl2 and UV-light insults. Furthermore, treatment of UV-insulted cells with an sAPPα antibody significantly reduced cell viability compared with BMD-treated control (52%), co-treatment (33%) and untreated control (27%). Finally, we show that α2ARAs modulate levels of laminin and MMP-9 in RGCs, potentially linked to changes in Aβ through APP processing. Together, these results provide new evidence that α2ARAs are neuroprotective through their effects on the Aβ pathway and sAPPα, which to our knowledge, is the first description. Studies have identified the need for α-secretase activators and sAPPα-mimetics in neurodegeneration; α2ARAs, already clinically available, present a promising therapy, with applications not only to reducing RGC death in glaucoma but also other neurodegenerative processes involving Aβ.
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Barage SH, Sonawane KD. Amyloid cascade hypothesis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropeptides 2015; 52:1-18. [PMID: 26149638 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Various therapeutic approaches are being used to improve the cholinergic neurotransmission, but their role in AD pathogenesis is still unknown. Although, an increase in tau protein concentration in CSF has been described in AD, but several issues remains unclear. Extensive and accurate analysis of CSF could be helpful to define presence of tau proteins in physiological conditions, or released during the progression of neurodegenerative disease. The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that the neurodegeneration in AD caused by abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in various areas of the brain. The amyloid hypothesis has continued to gain support over the last two decades, particularly from genetic studies. Therefore, current research progress in several areas of therapies shall provide an effective treatment to cure this devastating disease. This review critically evaluates general biochemical and physiological functions of Aβ directed therapeutics and their relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar H Barage
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra (M.S.), India
| | - Kailas D Sonawane
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra (M.S.), India; Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra (M.S.), India.
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Sun Z, Ma X, Yang H, Zhao J, Zhang J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents beta- amyloid-induced apoptosis of pheochromocytoma cells by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:347-51. [PMID: 25774173 PMCID: PMC4350116 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was utilized in the present study to treat cell injury models induced by aggregated β-amyloid(25-35). Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and western blot analysis showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor provided neuroprotection against cellular apoptosis by suppressing the decline in β-amyloid(25-35)-induced cell activity and the increasing ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. After treating pheochromocytoma cells with tyrosine kinase receptor B receptor inhibitor K252a, brain-derived neurotrophic factor reverses the above-mentioned changes. The experimental findings suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevented β-amyloid peptide-induced cellular apoptosis by modulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and this effect was associated with binding to the specific tyrosine kinase receptor B receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xingrong Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiahua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
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Bastianetto S, Ménard C, Quirion R. Neuroprotective action of resveratrol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:1195-201. [PMID: 25281824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-to-moderate red wine consumption appeared to reduce age-related neurological disorders including macular degeneration, stroke, and cognitive deficits with or without dementia. Resveratrol has been considered as one of the key ingredients responsible for the preventive action of red wine since the stilbene displays a neuroprotective action in various models of toxicity. Besides its well documented free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, resveratrol has been shown to increase the clearance of beta-amyloid, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, and to modulate intracellular effectors associated with oxidative stress (e.g. heme oxygenase), neuronal energy homeostasis (e.g. AMP kinase), program cell death (i.e. AIF) and longevity (i.e. sirtuins). This article summarizes the most recent findings on mechanisms of action involved in the protective effects of this multi target polyphenol, and discusses its possible roles in the prevention of various age-related neurological disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Resveratrol: Challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bastianetto
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Caroline Ménard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of Aging, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rémi Quirion
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Wang C, Li X, Wang H, Xie Q, Xu Y. Notch1-Nuclear Factor κB Involves in Oxidative Stress-Induced Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 49:10-6. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yang HQ, Sun ZK, Yang WM, Han HM, Ma JJ, Li W. Effects of rivastigmine on secreted amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid secretion in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241303015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Hong-Qi Y, Zhi-Kun S, Sheng-Di C. Current advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: focused on considerations targeting Aβ and tau. Transl Neurodegener 2012; 1:21. [PMID: 23210837 PMCID: PMC3514124 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-1-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs mainly the memory and cognitive function in elderly. Extracellular beta amyloid deposition and intracellular tau hyperphosphorylation are the two pathological events that are thought to cause neuronal dysfunction in AD. Since the detailed mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of AD are still not clear, the current treatments are those drugs that can alleviate the symptoms of AD patients. Recent studies have indicated that these symptom-reliving drugs also have the ability of regulating amyloid precursor protein processing and tau phosphorylation. Thus the pharmacological mechanism of these drugs may be too simply-evaluated. This review summarizes the current status of AD therapy and some potential preclinical considerations that target beta amyloid and tau protein are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong-Qi
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou , Henan Province, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Zhi-Kun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou , Henan Province, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Sheng-Di
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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Zeng L, Webster SV, Newton PM. The biology of protein kinase C. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:639-61. [PMID: 22453963 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a basic introduction to the biology of protein kinase C, one of the first calcium-dependent kinases to be discovered. We review the structure and function of protein kinase C, along with some of the substrates of individual isoforms. We then review strategies for inhibiting PKC in experimental systems and finally discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PKC. Each aspect is covered in summary, with links to detailed resources where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Zeng
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Yang HQ, Li X, Yang WM, Feng SM, Ma JJ. Neuroprotective effects of new protein kinase C activator TPPB against Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2213-21. [PMID: 22832950 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by presence of senile plaques in the hippocampus, which are composed mainly of extracellular deposition of a polypeptide known as the beta amyloid, the Aβ. It has been demonstrated on numerous occasions that it was the deposition and aggregation of this Aβ peptide that cause neuronal dysfunction and even finally, the dementia. Lowering the deposition of Aβ or decreasing its neurotoxicity has long been one of the purposes of AD therapy. In previous study, we reported that protein kinase C (PKC) activator TPPB could regulate APP processing by increasing α-secretase activity. In this study we further investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of TPPB against Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. The results indicated that TPPB at concentration of 1 μM could antagonize Aβ(25-35) induced cell damage as evidenced by MTT assays, LDH release and by morphological changes. Furthermore, the neuroprotection in cell viability can be blocked by inhibitors of PKC, Akt and MAPK. The experiment also indicated that TPPB could increase the phosphorylation of Akt, PKC, MARCKS and MAPK, which were inhibited by Aβ(25-35) treatment. Finally, TPPB inhibited the activation of caspase-3 induced by Aβ(25-35). Taken together, the experiment here implies that TPPB has a role against Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and may suggest its therapeutic potential in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Yi P, Schrott L, Castor TP, Alexander JS. Bryostatin-1 vs. TPPB: dose-dependent APP processing and PKC-α, -δ, and -ε isoform activation in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:234-44. [PMID: 22700373 PMCID: PMC3413820 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the α-secretase processing pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is recognized as an important mechanism which diverts APP processing from production of beta-amyloid (Aβ) to non toxic sAPPα, decreasing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plaque formation and AD-associated cognitive deficits. Two potent classes of PKC modulators can activate the α-secretase pathway, the benzo/indolactams and bryostatin/bryologues. While both modulate PKC-dependent APP processing, no direct comparisons of their relative pharmacological potencies have been accomplished which could assist in the development of AD therapies. In this study, we measured the activation of α-secretase APP processing and PKC-α, -δ, and -ε induced by the benzolactam-APP modulator TPPB and bryostatin-1 in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y which expresses APP and α- and β-secretase processing mechanisms. Bryostatin-1 produced a more rapid, potent, and sustained activation of α-secretase APP processing than TPPB and selectively activated PKC-δ and PKC-ε. Although TPPB also activated α-secretase, its potency was approximately 10- to 100-fold lower, possibly reflecting lower PKC-δ and -ε activation. Because bryostatin-1 is a highly potent PKC-δ and -ε activator which activates α-secretase APP processing, further characterization of bryostatin-1/bryologues may help refine their use as important tools for the clinical management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA
| | - L. Schrott
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA
| | | | - J. S. Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA
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18
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Hallock P, Thomas MA. Integrating the Alzheimer's disease proteome and transcriptome: a comprehensive network model of a complex disease. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 16:37-49. [PMID: 22321014 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Network models combined with gene expression studies have become useful tools for studying complex diseases like Alzheimer's disease. We constructed a "Core" Alzheimer's disease protein interaction network by human curation of the primary literature. The Core network consisted of 775 nodes and 2,204 interactions. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive and accurate protein interaction network yet constructed for Alzheimer's disease. An "Expanded" network was computationally constructed by adding additional proteins that interacted with Core network proteins, and consisted of 4,945 nodes and 26,064 interactions. We then mapped existing gene expression studies to the Core network. This combined data model identified the MAPK/ERK pathway and clathrin-mediated receptor endocytosis as key pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Important proteins in the MAPK/ERK pathway that interacted in the Core network formed a downregulated cluster of nodes, whereas clathrin and several clathrin accessory proteins that interacted in the Core network formed an upregulated cluster of nodes. The MAPK/ERK pathway is a key component in synaptic plasticity and learning, processes disrupted in Alzheimer's. Clathrin and clathrin adaptor proteins are involved in the endocytosis of the APP protein that can lead to increased intracellular levels of amyloid beta peptide, contributing to the progression of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hallock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, USA
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19
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Claeysen S, Cochet M, Donneger R, Dumuis A, Bockaert J, Giannoni P. Alzheimer culprits: cellular crossroads and interplay. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1831-40. [PMID: 22627093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia in the elderly and one of the major health problems worldwide. Since its first description by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, noticeable but insufficient scientific comprehension of this complex pathology has been achieved. All the research that has been pursued takes origin from the identification of the pathological hallmarks in the forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits (plaques), and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein filaments (named neurofibrillary tangles). Since this discovery, many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of the pathology. The "amyloid cascade hypothesis" is the most accredited theory. The mechanism suggested to be one of the initial causes of AD is an imbalance between the production and the clearance of Aβ peptides. Therefore, Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) synthesis, trafficking and metabolism producing either the toxic Aβ peptide via the amyloidogenic pathway or the sAPPα fragment via the non amyloidogenic pathway have become appealing subjects of study. Being able to reduce the formation of the toxic Aβ peptides is obviously an immediate approach in the trial to prevent AD. The following review summarizes the most relevant discoveries in the field of the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Claeysen
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France.
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20
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Zhi-Kun S, Hong-Qi Y, Zhi-Quan W, Jing P, Zhen H, Sheng-Di C. Erythropoietin prevents PC12 cells from beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis via PI3K⁄Akt pathway. Transl Neurodegener 2012; 1:7. [PMID: 23211059 PMCID: PMC3514084 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies indicated that Erythropoietin (Epo) may provide remarkable neuroprotection in some neurological diseases. It also showed the significant decrease of Epo immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in aged rats, suggesting the role of Epo in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Methods The protective effect of Epo was studied in differentiated PC12 cells treated with Abeta. The viability of the cells, the apoptosis of the cells and the level of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expression were detected by MTT, Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blotting respectively. Results 20 μM Abeta (25-35) could induce a decreased viability and a increased apoptosis in PC12 cell in a time-dependent manner. However, 20 μM Abeta (35-25) had no effect on cell viability and apoptosis. Western blot analysis also showed that Abeta(25-35) treatment could decrease the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.05) and increase the expression of Bax (P < 0.05), Cleaved casapase-3 (P < 0.05), and Cleaved PARP (P < 0.05). The pretreatment of Epo could effectively reverse all the above changes induced by Abeta(25-35) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the protective effect of Epo could be blocked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Epo prevented cell injuries in PC12 cells exposed to the Abeta(25-35) and this effect may depend on the PI3K⁄Akt pathway. Our study provided an important evidence for the potential application of Epo in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Zhi-Kun
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Bazan NG, Molina MF, Gordon WC. Docosahexaenoic acid signalolipidomics in nutrition: significance in aging, neuroinflammation, macular degeneration, Alzheimer's, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Nutr 2011; 31:321-51. [PMID: 21756134 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical nutritional lipids that must be obtained from the diet to sustain homeostasis. Omega-3 and -6 PUFAs are key components of biomembranes and play important roles in cell integrity, development, maintenance, and function. The essential omega-3 fatty acid family member docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is avidly retained and uniquely concentrated in the nervous system, particularly in photoreceptors and synaptic membranes. DHA plays a key role in vision, neuroprotection, successful aging, memory, and other functions. In addition, DHA displays anti-inflammatory and inflammatory resolving properties in contrast to the proinflammatory actions of several members of the omega-6 PUFAs family. This review discusses DHA signalolipidomics, comprising the cellular/tissue organization of DHA uptake, its distribution among cellular compartments, the organization and function of membrane domains rich in DHA-containing phospholipids, and the cellular and molecular events revealed by the uncovering of signaling pathways regulated by DHA and docosanoids, the DHA-derived bioactive lipids, which include neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), a novel DHA-derived stereoselective mediator. NPD1 synthesis agonists include neurotrophins and oxidative stress; NPD1 elicits potent anti-inflammatory actions and prohomeostatic bioactivity, is anti-angiogenic, promotes corneal nerve regeneration, and induces cell survival. In the context of DHA signalolipidomics, this review highlights aging and the evolving studies on the significance of DHA in Alzheimer's disease, macular degeneration, Parkinson's disease, and other brain disorders. DHA signalolipidomics in the nervous system offers emerging targets for pharmaceutical intervention and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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22
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Neuroprotectin D1 induces neuronal survival and downregulation of amyloidogenic processing in Alzheimer's disease cellular models. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 43:131-8. [PMID: 21431475 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mediator neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is an enzymatic derivative of the omega-3 essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. NPD1 stereoselectively and specifically binds to human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and neutrophils. In turn, this lipid mediator induces dephosphorylation of Bcl-x(L) in a PP2A-dependent manner and induces PI3K/Akt and mTOR/p70S6K pathways leading to RPE cell survival during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. As a proof of principle of its systemic in vivo bioactivity, NPD1 attenuates laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice. Using human neural cells transfected with amyloid precursor protein (APP)sw (Swedish double mutation APP695sw, K595N, M596L), NPD1 was shown to regulate secretase-mediated production of Aβ peptide, downregulates pro-inflammatory gene expression, and promotes cell survival. In human neural cells overexpressing beta-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), the lipid mediator suppressed Aβ42 shedding by downregulating β-secretase (BACE1) while activating the α-secretase (ADAM10), thus shifting the βAPP cleavage from the noxious amyloidogenic pathway into a non-amyloidogenic, neurotrophic pathway. Furthermore, downregulation of Aβ42 peptide release by NPD1 may be dependent upon PPARγ activation. In conclusion, NPD1 exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, and anti-apoptotic bioactivities in human neural cells in part via PPARγ signaling and through the targeting of α- and β-secretase systems.
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23
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Zhao Y, Calon F, Julien C, Winkler JW, Petasis NA, Lukiw WJ, Bazan NG. Docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 induces neuronal survival via secretase- and PPARγ-mediated mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease models. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15816. [PMID: 21246057 PMCID: PMC3016440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is a stereoselective mediator derived from the omega-3 essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with potent inflammatory resolving and neuroprotective bioactivity. NPD1 reduces Aβ42 peptide release from aging human brain cells and is severely depleted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Here we further characterize the mechanism of NPD1's neurogenic actions using 3xTg-AD mouse models and human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary culture, either challenged with Aβ42 oligomeric peptide, or transfected with beta amyloid precursor protein (βAPP)(sw) (Swedish double mutation APP695(sw), K595N-M596L). We also show that NPD1 downregulates Aβ42-triggered expression of the pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and of B-94 (a TNF-α-inducible pro-inflammatory element) and apoptosis in HNG cells. Moreover, NPD1 suppresses Aβ42 peptide shedding by down-regulating β-secretase-1 (BACE1) while activating the α-secretase ADAM10 and up-regulating sAPPα, thus shifting the cleavage of βAPP holoenzyme from an amyloidogenic into the non-amyloidogenic pathway. Use of the thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone, the irreversible PPARγ antagonist GW9662, and overexpressing PPARγ suggests that the NPD1-mediated down-regulation of BACE1 and Aβ42 peptide release is PPARγ-dependent. In conclusion, NPD1 bioactivity potently down regulates inflammatory signaling, amyloidogenic APP cleavage and apoptosis, underscoring the potential of this lipid mediator to rescue human brain cells in early stages of neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Frederic Calon
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Research Centre (CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Julien
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Research Centre (CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeremy W. Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicos A. Petasis
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Promising multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's dimer bis(7)-Cognitin acting as an activator of protein kinase C regulates activities of α-secretase and BACE-1 concurrently. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 623:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jakob-Roetne R, Jacobsen H. Alzheimer's disease: from pathology to therapeutic approaches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3030-59. [PMID: 19330877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mind how you go: The current strategies for the development of therapies for Alzheimer's disease are very diverse. Particular attention is given to the search for inhibitors (see picture for two examples) of the proteolytic enzyme beta- and gamma-secretase, which inhibits the cleavage of the amyloid precursor proteins into amyloid beta peptides, from which the disease-defining deposits of plaque in the brains of Alzheimer's patients originates.Research on senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease covers an extremely broad range of scientific activities. At the recent international meeting of the Alzheimer's Association (ICAD 2008, Chicago) more than 2200 individual scientific contributions were presented. The aim of this Review is to give an overview of the field and to outline its main areas, starting from behavioral abnormalities and visible pathological findings and then focusing on the molecular details of the pathology. The "amyloid hypothesis" of Alzheimer's disease is given particular attention, since the majority of the ongoing therapeutic approaches are based on its theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jakob-Roetne
- F.Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Medicinal Chemistry, Bldg 92/8.10B, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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26
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Jakob-Roetne R, Jacobsen H. Die Alzheimer-Demenz: von der Pathologie zu therapeutischen Ansätzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yang HQ, Sun ZK, Ba MW, Xu J, Xing Y. Involvement of protein trafficking in deprenyl-induced alpha-secretase activity regulation in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 610:37-41. [PMID: 19324034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deprenyl is a selective B-type monoamine oxidase inhibitor and a neuroprotective agent that has been used to slow the progress of Alzheimer's disease for many years. We previously demonstrated that deprenyl could stem amyloid precursor protein processing (APP) toward the non-amyloidogenic pathway through mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent signaling pathways [Yang, H.Q., Ba, M.W., Ren, R.J., Zhang, Y.H., Ma, J.F., Pan, J., Lu, G.Q., Chen, S.D., 2007a. Mitogen activated protein kinase and protein kinase C mediated promotion of sAPPalpha by deprenyl. Neurochem. Int. 50, 74-82.]. The experiment here further showed that deprenyl could increase alpha-secretase activity in a dose-dependent manner in PC12 cells. Deprenyl increased alpha-secretase activity can be partially blocked by pretreatment with brefeldin A, an intracellular protein transport inhibitor, suggesting involvement of protein trafficking in deprenyl regulated alpha-secretase activity. In accordance with this, the experiment showed that brefeldin A also decreased sAPPalpha release induced by deprenyl. Deprenyl promoted ADAM10 transported to the membrane fraction, and this effect was blocked by pretreatment with brefeldin A. The immunocytochemistry staining revealed that deprenyl promoted colocalization of ADAM10 with PKCalpha and PKCepsilon isoforms. These data suggest a novel pharmacological mechanism in which deprenyl increased alpha-secretase activity via protein trafficking related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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28
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Bernstein HG, Stricker R, Lendeckel U, Bertram I, Dobrowolny H, Steiner J, Bogerts B, Reiser G. Reduced neuronal co-localisation of nardilysin and the putative alpha-secretases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome brains. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 31:11-25. [PMID: 19234765 PMCID: PMC2645990 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-008-9076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The peptidase nardilysin is involved in degradation of neuropeptides and limited intracellular proteolysis. Recent reports point to an involvement of nardilysin in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Nardilysin enhances the alpha-secretase activity of the disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) 10 and 17, thereby possibly contributing to reduced generation of amyloidogenic fragments from the amyloid precursor protein. A prerequisite for the alpha-secretase-stimulating effect of nardilysin on the activity of ADAMs in vivo is cellular co-expression of nardilysin with ADAM10 and/or ADAM17. We immunolocalised nardilysin, ADAM10, and ADAM17 in cortical regions of normal aged brain, in Alzheimer's disease, and in Down syndrome brains and counted the number of protease-expressing neurons. A considerable portion of neurons co-express nardilysin together with either ADAM10 or ADAM17. Compared to controls, in Alzheimer's disease and in Down syndrome brains there is a decreased cellular expression of all three antigens, and a reduction in the number of those neurons that co-express nardilysin with ADAM10 or with ADAM17. Our data are consistent with the notion that the proposed alpha-secretase-enhancing activity of nardilysin might play a role in human brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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29
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Nelson TJ, Alkon DL. Neuroprotective versus tumorigenic protein kinase C activators. Trends Biochem Sci 2009; 34:136-45. [PMID: 19233655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) activators possess potent neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity, thus indicating potential applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and traumatic brain injury. Although some activators, such as bryostatin and gnidimacrin, have been tested as antitumor agents, others, such as phorbol esters, are potent tumor promoters. All PKC activators downregulate PKC at high concentrations and long application times. However, tumorigenic activators downregulate certain PKC isozymes, especially PKCdelta, more strongly. Tumorigenic activators possess unique structural features that could account for this difference. At concentrations that minimize PKC downregulation, PKC activators can improve long-term memory, reduce beta-amyloid levels, induce synaptogenesis, promote neuronal repair and inhibit cell proliferation. Intermittent, low concentrations of structurally specific, non-tumorigenic PKC activators, therefore, could offer therapeutic benefit for a variety of neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Nelson
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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30
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Khan TK, Nelson TJ, Verma VA, Wender PA, Alkon DL. A cellular model of Alzheimer's disease therapeutic efficacy: PKC activation reverses Abeta-induced biomarker abnormality on cultured fibroblasts. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 34:332-9. [PMID: 19233276 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PKC signaling is critical for the non-toxic degradation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and inhibition of GSK3beta, which controls phosphorylation of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus the misregulation of PKC signaling could contribute to the origins of AD. Bryostatin, a potent PKC modulator, has the potential to ameliorate both the neurodegeneration and the recent memory loss associated with AD. As reported herein bryostatin and a potent synthetic analog (picolog) are found to cause stimulation of non-amyloidogenic pathways by increasing alpha-secretase activity and thus lowering the amount of toxic Abeta produced. Both bryostatin and picolog increased the secretion of the alpha-secretase product (s-APP-alpha) of APP at sub-nanomolar to nanomolar concentrations. A peripheral AD-Biomarker has previously been autopsy-validated. This Biomarker, based on bradykinin-induced differential phosphorylation of Erk1 and Erk2, has been used here to test the therapeutic efficacy both for bryostatin and picolog. Both of these PKC activators are then shown to convert the AD Erk1/2 phenotype of fibroblasts into the phenotype of "normal" control skin fibroblasts. This conversion occurred for both the abnormal Erk1/2 phenotype induced by application of Abeta(1-42) to the fibroblasts or the phenotype observed for fibroblasts of AD patients. The Abeta(1-42)-induction, and PKC modulator reversal of the AD Erk1/2 biomarker phenotype demonstrate the AD-Biomarker's potential to monitor both disease progression and treatment response. Additionally, this first demonstration of the therapeutic potential in AD of a synthetically accessible bryostatin analog warrants further preclinical advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Khan
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, USA.
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Kummer MP, Maruyama H, Huelsmann C, Baches S, Weggen S, Koo EH. Formation of Pmel17 amyloid is regulated by juxtamembrane metalloproteinase cleavage, and the resulting C-terminal fragment is a substrate for gamma-secretase. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:2296-306. [PMID: 19047044 PMCID: PMC2629115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808904200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of insoluble cross beta-sheet amyloid is pathologically associated with disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. One exception is the nonpathological amyloid derived from the protein Pmel17 within melanosomes to generate melanin pigment. Here we show that the formation of insoluble MalphaC intracellular fragments of Pmel17, which are the direct precursors to Pmel17 amyloid, depends on a novel juxtamembrane cleavage at amino acid position 583 between the furin-like proprotein convertase cleavage site and the transmembrane domain. The resulting Pmel17 C-terminal fragment is then processed by the gamma-secretase complex to release a short-lived intracellular domain fragment. Thus, by analogy to the Notch receptor, we designate this cleavage the S2 cleavage site, whereas gamma-secretase mediates proteolysis at the intramembrane S3 site. Substitutions or deletions at this S2 cleavage site, the use of the metalloproteinase inhibitor TAPI-2, as well as small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and 17 reduced the formation of insoluble Pmel17 fragments. These results demonstrate that the release of the Pmel17 ectodomain, which is critical for melanin amyloidogenesis, is initiated by S2 cleavage at a juxtamembrane position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus P Kummer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Onozuka H, Nakajima A, Matsuzaki K, Shin RW, Ogino K, Saigusa D, Tetsu N, Yokosuka A, Sashida Y, Mimaki Y, Yamakuni T, Ohizumi Y. Nobiletin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Improves Memory Impairment and Aβ Pathology in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:739-44. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.140293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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