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Ye W, Zhou X, Xu Y, Zheng C, Liu P. Serum Uric Acid Levels among Chinese Children: Reference Values and Association With Overweight/Obesity. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024:99228241238510. [PMID: 38515070 DOI: 10.1177/00099228241238510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the reference values for serum uric acid (SUA) levels and their association with overweight/obese in children. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 8522 participants, including 6227 normal weight children, aged 2 to 18 years in China. Among normal children, SUA levels increased with age, showing significant sex differences in children over 10 years. Age-specific and sex-specific 95% reference intervals for SUA levels were established. Furthermore, we observed that the percentage of overweight/obesity significantly increased as SUA quartiles rose. Elevated SUA levels were associated with a high odds ratio (OR) for overweight/obesity (OR = 4.45, 95% confidence interval = 3.33, 5.93). We propose that the 97.5th percentile is a suitable value for defining elevated SUA levels, and there is a positive correlation between SUA levels and the presence of overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinhe Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peining Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Evbayekha EO, Egberuare EO, Segun EO, Abdulgaffar RA, Oyelade BO, Onyema JJ, Peresuodei TS, Abu-Undiyaundeye SU. Obesity in the Pediatric Population of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS), USA. Cureus 2022; 14:e33111. [PMID: 36721619 PMCID: PMC9884308 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of childhood obesity has received a lot of attention lately, especially in the United States. The increased prevalence of pediatric obesity and its association with comorbidities has piqued the attention of more scientists in the epidemic's patterns. Our research examined the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data set for hospitalized persons aged 18 years or younger with primary or secondary obesity between 2016 and 2019 to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and related diseases. METHODS We retrospectively examined individuals with primary or secondary obesity from 2016 to 2019 using the NIS database. To extract the weighted samples, we utilized the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnostic codes E66, E660, E6601, E6609, E662, E668, and E669. Individuals with drug-related obesity or obesity caused by a recognized pathologic disease unrelated to high-calorie intake were excluded. First, we queried the total population, then separated them by age category and picked our population of interest, i.e., those aged 18 and under. The NIS is a deidentified database available to the public. It collects data on around 8 million hospitalizations annually, accounting for roughly 20% of all admissions in the United States. Results: The findings show that between 2016 and 2019, prevalence rates of childhood obesity were still on the rise and plateaued in 2019. There were 28,484,087 study subjects in this weighted sample between 2016 and 2019. Of these, 13.9% (3,946,889) were diagnosed with obesity. The sample population for those 18 years of age or under was 62,669 (1.5%) children with obesity with a mean age of 14 (SD = 4). Also, there was a 64.2% female preponderance. The obtained yearly showed a steady and significant rise from 2016 to 2018 (24% vs. 26%), with a slight decline in 2019 (25%; p < 0.001). Even though the white population had the highest overall prevalence of childhood obesity (40.9%), the Hispanic and black people had a higher prevalence per population, with a 0.5% and 0.33% prevalence, respectively, compared to 0.14% in the white population (p < 0.0001). When geographical regions were considered, south had the highest rate (36.40%), followed by the west (24.71%) and the midwest (23.56%). The analysis also showed that people with lower median household income (0-25th percentile) had the highest rate of childhood obesity (38.17%) compared to higher-income earners (13.19%). CONCLUSION In our finding, obesity in the pediatric population is still increasing, continuing on its previously recorded trajectory. Various recommendations from health policymakers have bolstered efforts to tackle this escalating pandemic. However, additional information on the compliance, use, and adherence to these policies by healthcare professionals and members of the public, as well as the consequence of utilization or compliance to these guidelines, is needed. Nevertheless, given the continuous growth of childhood obesity, despite the avalanche of these recommendations, the issue of compliance arises, or other essential risk factors might have been overlooked. Additional studies may be needed to unmask this looming phenomenon.
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Al-Hazzaa HM, Alrasheedi AA, Alsulaimani RA, Jabri L, Alhowikan AM, Alhussain MH, Bawaked RA, Alqahtani SA. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among saudi children: A comparison of two widely used international standards and the national growth references. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954755. [PMID: 36004353 PMCID: PMC9393362 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare three body mass index (BMI) classifications that are used to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi children aged 6-13 years: the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) age and gender cutoffs, the World Health Organization (WHO) growth references for school-aged children, and the Saudi (KSA) national growth references. Methods The sample comprised 2,169 children (52.5% girls) derived from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Riyadh and Jeddah during the 2017 and 2019 school years, respectively. Body weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Results The proportions (%) of the participants who were classified as underweight, overweight, and obese varied according to the reference used: IOTF reference (13.8, 18.4, and 12.7), WHO reference (17.2, 19.1, and 18.9), and KSA reference (7.0, 22.4, and 9.3), respectively, indicating higher values for overweight and obesity prevalence when the WHO references were used. Kappa agreement measures between the three references were found to be high, with the coefficients ranging from 0.936 (between the IOTF and KSA references) to 0.849 (between the IOTF and WHO references). In all three classifications, girls exhibited lower overweight or obesity prevalence than boys. Family income, but not paternal or maternal education, was significantly (p = 0.015) associated with overweight/obesity when using the IOTF standards. In addition, having a small family in the house was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with obesity, irrespective of the classification system. Conclusion Inconsistency was observed when estimating the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among Saudi children. However, when defining the overall prevalence of overweight plus obesity among Saudi children, the IOTF classification system performed in a similar way to the KSA references (31.1% versus 31.7%) compared to the WHO references (38.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A. Alrasheedi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A. Alsulaimani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Jabri
- American International School of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Foods & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowaedh A. Bawaked
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Associations between Avocado Consumption and Diet Quality, Dietary Intake, Measures of Obesity and Body Composition in Adolescents: The Teen Food and Development Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124489. [PMID: 34960040 PMCID: PMC8708967 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado is a nutrient-rich food that has been shown to benefit the health and diet quality of adults. In this paper, we examined if habitual intake of avocado among adolescents is associated with their diet quality, food and nutrient intake, and measures of obesity and body composition. Participants aged 12-18 years old (n = 534) from selected public and Adventist middle-high schools reported their dietary intake in a web-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); anthropometrics were measured during school visits. Diet quality (DQI-I) and avocado intake were calculated from the FFQ; BMI z-scores (BMIz), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and %body fat (%BF) were determined from the anthropometric data. Compared to non-consumers, avocado consumers had significantly higher covariate-adjusted mean scores on total DQI-I (68.3 vs. 64.6) and energy-adjusted mean scores on variety (18.8 vs. 18.0) and adequacy (36.4 vs. 33.4). Avocado consumption was significantly associated with DQI-I components adequacy (β [SE] = 0.11 [0.03]) and moderation (β [SE] = 0.06 [0.03]) but not with BMIz, WHtR, FM, FFM, and %BF. Mean intakes of fruits, vegetables, and plant protein foods, total and vegetable proteins, dietary fiber, retinol, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium were significantly higher for avocado consumers; saturated and trans fats intakes were significantly higher for non-consumers. In our adolescent population, avocado consumption was associated with higher diet quality and intake of plant-based foods and shortfall nutrients, but not with measures of obesity and body composition. Studies are needed to determine the optimal amount of avocado that would confer health benefits during adolescence.
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Lin L, Yang-Huang J, Wang H, Santos S, van Grieken A, Raat H. Social mobility by parent education and childhood overweight and obesity: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:764-770. [PMID: 34491333 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of social mobility, measured by parent education and childhood overweight and obesity (OWOB) has been scarcely reported on. This study evaluated the associations between social mobility measured by parent education and childhood OWOB at child age 6 and 10 years. METHODS We analyzed data of 4030 children and parents participating in the Generation R study. We used generalized linear models controlling for potential confounders to determine if social mobility (upward mobility, static-low and static-high based on the change of parent education) was associated with age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores of body mass index (BMI-SDS) or OWOB (the cut-offs of International Obesity Task Force). RESULTS Mean BMI-SDS of the children was 0.23 ± 0.89 and 0.26 ± 1.03 at child age 6 and 10 years, respectively; the prevalence of OWOB increased from 15.2 to 17.4%. Compared with children from mothers in the upward mobility group, children from mothers in the static-high group had lower BMI-SDS and lower odds of OWOB at both ages (all P < 0.001). Compared with children from fathers in the upward mobility group, children from fathers in static-low group had higher BMI-SDS and higher odds of OWOB at both ages (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to the literature by showing that the behaviors of parents' obtaining a higher level of education after the child was born may be beneficial to attenuate the odds of the child developing overweight in late childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi Lin
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwen Yang-Huang
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Alghadir AH, Iqbal ZA, A. Gabr S. The Relationships of Watching Television, Computer Use, Physical Activity, and Food Preferences to Body Mass Index: Gender and Nativity Differences among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9915. [PMID: 34574844 PMCID: PMC8469276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and ethnic subgroups have been identified at high risks of overweight and its associated complications. Although some studies have investigated overweight, obesity, nutritional status, physical activity, and associated factors among Saudi students, no studies have examined these characteristics among non-Saudi students or compared non-Saudi to Saudi adolescent students. The objective of this study was to compare differences between Saudi and non-Saudi adolescent students regarding time spent watching television, using computers, engaging in physical activity, and their food preferences. The relationships between these lifestyle behaviors and body mass index by Saudi nativity and gender were tested. METHODS Students aged 12 to 18 years (n = 214) from various schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions about demographic and anthropometric characteristics, daily after-school routine, physical activity, watching television, using computers, and food preferences. Non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U) tests assessed the statistical differences between Saudi and non-Saudi respondents, and males and females were separately tested. RESULTS Saudi boys who reported physical activity two to five times per week, the most television time, the most computer time, and the highest frequency of eating fast food and drinking soft drinks had a significantly higher mean body mass index than the non-Saudi boys in their categories. However, there were no significant differences found between the Saudi and non-Saudi girls. CONCLUSIONS High levels of sedentary and low levels of physical activities as well as high consumption of high-fat fast foods and high-sugar drinks threaten the health of Saudi adolescents. Cultural differences in lifestyle between Saudi and non-Saudi families should be considered when developing programs to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding diet quality and physical activity. The objective of this study is more important in the current situation where increased time spent on computers and mobile phones due to online teaching in schools or working from home, decreased physical activity due to precautionary lockdowns, and unchecked eating patterns while spending more time in sedentary activities in homes has become our COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle in all the age groups. A similar study should be replicated on a large scale to study the effect of this lifestyle on our lives in all the age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaheen A. Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (S.A.G.)
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Fitsum K, Egata G, Demena M, Gebremichael B. Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Second Cycle Primary School Children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:21649561211017883. [PMID: 34046251 PMCID: PMC8135206 DOI: 10.1177/21649561211017883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although overweight/obesity is becoming a public health issue in low income countries, there is a paucity of evidence concerning overweight/obesity in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude of overweight/obesity and associated factors among second cycle primary school children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 482 children from May to June, 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire and checklist. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 22.0. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with overweight/obesity. Level of statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. Results The overall magnitude of overweight/obesity was 21.2%. The magnitude of overweight was 13.7% while obesity was 7.5%. Vehicle availability, being from private school, not having friend(s), preferring sweet foods, eating breakfast irregularly, watching movies/Television while eating and physical inactivity were the factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity among second cycle primary school children. Conclusions The magnitude of overweight/obesity was high in the study area. Therefore, health and education sectors should promote healthy lifestyle to curb child overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kidus Fitsum
- Nutrition Team, Maternal and Child Health Directorate, Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Egata
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melake Demena
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe Gebremichael
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Guedes DP, Mello ERB. Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros: revisão sistemática e metanálise. ABCS HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2019133.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em jovens brasileiros entre 5 e 19 anos através de revisão sistemática e metanálise de dados disponibilizadas na literatura. Foi realizada busca eletrônica nas bases de dados MedLine/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo e Lilacs publicados de 2000 a 2018, utilizando critérios de inclusão/ gerados por sexo e idade. Modelos de metarregressão foram ajustados para identificar exclusão pré-definidos. Medidas de heterogeneidade e variabilidade foram calculadas e modelos de efeito aleatório foram usados para estimar taxas de prevalência global. Gráficos forest-plots foram possíveis fontes de heterogeneidade. Dos 1002 estudos identificados inicialmente 26 atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Nas crianças (5-9 anos) as taxas de prevalência global de sobrepeso foram equivalentes a 16,2% (IC95% 13,2-19,3; Q=411,7, p<0,001; I2=97,8%) nas moças e 14,4% (IC95% 11,5-17,3; Q=403,9, p<0,001; I2=97,7%) nos rapazes. No caso da obesidade, 9,2% (IC95% 5,9-12,3; Q=1111,7, p < 0,001; I2=99,2%) e 9,0% (IC95% 5,5-12,5; Q=1413,1, p<0,001; I2=99,4%), respectivamente. Referente aos adolescentes (10-19 anos), nas moças 16,4% (IC95% 15,1-17,7; Q=245,6, p<0,001; I2=92,3%) para sobrepeso e 6,2% (IC95% 4,9-7,5; Q=842,9, p<0,001; I2=97,7%) para obesidade. Nos rapazes, 15,3% (IC95% 13,4-17,1; Q=493,7, p<0,001; I2=96,2%) e 6,7% (IC95% 5,0-8,5; Q=1200,4, p<0,001; I2=98,4%), respectivamente. Região geográfica, ano de coleta dos dados e critérios diagnósticos impactaram significativamente na heterogeneidade das prevalências. Foram identificadas tendências crescentes nas taxas de prevalência, ressaltando a necessidade urgente de promover estilos de vida saudáveis desde as idades jovens, a fim de abordar com eficácia a presença do excesso de peso corporal.
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Millar SR, Harding M, McCarthy LE, Kelleher V, Harrington JM, James P, Whelton H, Perry IJ. Exploring 12-Year trends in childhood obesity prevalence for the Republic of Ireland – a national study using survey data from 2002 and 2014. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:3. [PMID: 35949452 PMCID: PMC9334843 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12988.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children may have reached a plateau in some developed countries, including Ireland. The aim of this study was to examine 12-year trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary-school-aged children in the Republic of Ireland between 2002 and 2014. Methods: Two large-scale oral health cross-sectional surveys of primary-school-aged children aged 4–13 years were conducted 12 years apart in 2002 (n=14,055; response rate=68%) and 2014 (n=5,223; response rate=67%). Both surveys included standardised and calibrated height and weight measures. Ownership of a means-tested medical card determined economic status. Standard International Obesity Task Force criteria were applied to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity among 4–13-year-olds significantly decreased from 26% (95% CI: 25.1%–26.5%) in 2002 to 24% (95% CI: 22.4%–24.7%) in 2014. Among boys and girls aged 4–13 years, the significant decrease was from 23% (95% CI: 22.1%–24.1%) to 20% (95% CI: 18.9%–22.0 and 28% (95% CI: 27.4%–29.5%) to 27% (95% CI: 25.0%–28.4%), respectively. Among 5-year-old children, the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity significantly decreased from 25% (95% CI: 23.7%–26.2%) to 22% (95% CI: 19.9%–23.4%). In 2002, the estimated prevalence of overweight/obesity was similar in children with and without medical cards, whereas in 2014, overall prevalence was higher in those with medical cards. Conclusions: Results suggest a fall in the prevalence of overweight/obesity between 2002 and 2014, and may suggest a favourable cohort effect. Despite this fall, the overall prevalence remains high and socioeconomic disparities have increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán R. Millar
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairead Harding
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- Cork Kerry Community Healthcare, Health Service Executive, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura E. McCarthy
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Virginia Kelleher
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Patrice James
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Helen Whelton
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J. Perry
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
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Evolution of the Habits of Physical Activity and Television Viewing in Spanish Children and Pre-Adolescents between 1997 and 2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186836. [PMID: 32962116 PMCID: PMC7558877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Promoting healthy lifestyles in children, has become a priority for public health institutions. However, electronic devices with screens encourage sedentary behaviors. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the habits of physical activity practice and television watching in a cohort of 20 years of research in Spanish children. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was based on data from the Spain National Health Surveys between 1997 and 2017 (N = 11,444). The dependent variables considered were the frequency with which the minor practiced physical activity (PA) in his/her spare time, the daily TV viewing habit, and the daily hours of TV viewing. Results: The children who practiced physical activity daily has decreased 7.3% throughout the study period. The proportion of children who watched the television daily for more hours increased significantly (6.3%). Such increase was constant throughout the years, and the analysis by sex showed that the proportion of boys who watched television for more than three hours per day increased three percent, and that of girls increased fourfold. Conclusions: The habits of physical activity practice and television viewing have changed towards sedentary lifestyle. Particularly, the girls and the children between 12 and 14 years showed the most sedentary behavior. Public health policies must consider the differences between sexes in order for such interventions to be effective in the population of pre-adolescents, in general, and girls, in particular.
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Gama A, Rosado-Marques VÍ, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Nogueira H, MourÃo I, Padez C. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 3-to-10-year-old children: assessment of different cut-off criteria WHO-IOTF. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190449. [PMID: 32785443 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the prevalence of overweight and obesity between WHO/IOTF criteria. A total of 17,277 Portuguese children aged 3-10 years old were analysed. The prevalences of overweight-obesity were higher at WHO classification (19.8%-20.7%) than at IOTF classification (8.2%-16.1%), (p<0.001). Agreement between the criteria were substantial for overweight (Kappa= 0.67, p<0.001) and moderate for obesity (Kappa= 0.47, p<0.001). The prevalences ratio for inequality between criteria were greater for boys than for girls and lesser for children aged 6-7 than children aged 8-10 years old. The disparities between the two criteria and the higher overweight obesity prevalences highlight the needs to develop more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Gama
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - VÍtor Rosado-Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Helena Nogueira
- Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel MourÃo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciência do Desporto, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Pastor-Fajardo MT, Bosch-Giménez VM, Larqué E, Solano Navarro C, Fuentes-Castelló MÁ, Pastor-Rosado J. Prevalence and secular trend of childhood overweight and obesity in a Mediterranean area of Southeast Spain. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1784640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Solano Navarro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen De La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Pastor-Rosado
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital General Universitario De Elche, Elche, Spain
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13
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Iqbal ZA. Effect of Gender, Physical Activity and Stress-Related Hormones on Adolescent's Academic Achievements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114143. [PMID: 32531964 PMCID: PMC7311984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has been shown to develop better fitness and body function in children. Various studies have shown that as the age of students increases, its correlation with school achievement decreases. Different hormonal changes during adolescence make it difficult to adjust in his/her environment, causing stress. To the best of our knowledge, no study has studied the correlation between stress-related hormones and school performance among adolescents. This study was conducted to evaluate physical activity and stress-related hormones, cortisol and serotonin, among school adolescents aged 12-18 years old and find their association with academic achievements. METHODS A total of 300 students were invited to participate in this study. Physical activity of the participants was assessed in relation to the time spent performing various physical activities. End of the academic year grades were obtained from the school as a collective measure of academic achievement and executive function. The levels of cortisol and serotonin were measured using the competitive immunoassay techniques. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between age, gender, BMI, cortisol, serotonin, physical activity score; and academic achievement, and executive functioning among participants. Academic achievement and executive functioning scores correlated positively with gender, serotonin, physical activity score, but negatively with age, BMI and salivary cortisol. Stepwise regression analysis showed that physical activity and demographic parameters and stress-related hormones, cortisol and serotonin, explained around 61.9-77.9% of academic performance and executive functioning variation in school adolescents, especially females. CONCLUSIONS Optimal physical activity and release of stress-related hormones could be the determining factor for performance in school and other activities. These results should be taken into consideration while planning the school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (S.A.G.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Zaheen A. Iqbal
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (S.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zempsky WT, Bhagat PK, Siddiqui K. Practical Challenges-Use of Paracetamol in Children and Youth Who are Overweight or Obese: A Narrative Review. Paediatr Drugs 2020; 22:525-534. [PMID: 32918268 PMCID: PMC7529628 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-020-00417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, > 380 million children and adolescents are overweight or obese, including 41 million children aged < 5 years. Obesity can change the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs by altering their distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Thus, children who are overweight or obese are at increased risk for receiving inappropriate doses of commonly used drugs, which can result in treatment failure, adverse events, and/or drug toxicity. This review analyzes available data on paracetamol dosing for pain and fever in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese to identify gaps and challenges in optimal dosing strategies. Literature searches using Medline, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted to identify English-language articles reporting paracetamol pharmacokinetics, dosing practices, and guidelines in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese. Of 24 relevant studies identified, 20 were specific to overweight/obese individuals and 15 were specific to children and/or adolescents. Data on paracetamol pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese are lacking, and there is no high-quality evidence to guide paracetamol prescribing practices in these patients. Adult data have been extrapolated to pediatric populations; however, extrapolation does not address differences in paracetamol metabolism in adults versus children; the efficacy and safety effects of such differences are unknown. Given the growing worldwide prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents and the likelihood that paracetamol use in this population will increase accordingly, obesity-specific pediatric dosing guidelines for paracetamol are urgently needed. High-quality research is necessary to inform such guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Zempsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, University of Connecticut, 282 Washington St, Hartford, CT 06106 USA
| | - Preeti K. Bhagat
- Consumer Healthcare R & D, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamran Siddiqui
- Consumer Healthcare R & D, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Vasyukova OV. Obesity in children and adolescents: diagnosis criteria. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.14341/omet10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Currently in the world the main diagnostic parameter for assessing obesity is the magnitude of body mass index. In children, taking into account the growth and body weight indicators that dynamically change as the child grows up, it is common to use not absolute, but relative values of body mass index percentiles or standard deviations. The lecture examined various systems and methods for assessing the physical development of children in the world and in Russia domestic ones, R.N. Dorokhova and I.I. Bakhraha, World Health Organization (WHO), International Group for the Study of Obesity. A comparative analysis of the existing systems and the validity of the currently adopted Federal recommendations on the diagnosis of obesity in children based on the recommendations of WHO has been carried out.
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16
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Lauria L, Spinelli A, Buoncristiano M, Nardone P. Decline of childhood overweight and obesity in Italy from 2008 to 2016: results from 5 rounds of the population-based surveillance system. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:618. [PMID: 31113403 PMCID: PMC6528349 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the effects of childhood obesity on future health, and the lack of information of its prevalence in Italy, a national surveillance system was implemented in 2007. It is OKkio alla SALUTE, part of the WHO/Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). This study reports the 2008–2016 trends by sex, area of residence and socio-demographic characteristics in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school children (8–9 years). Methods In each round of the surveillance held in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016, a nationally representative sample of about 45,000 children, was weighed and measured with standard equipment and methods by trained personnel. Children were classified as normal weight, overweight or obese using World Obesity Federation (WOF) (formerly the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF)) and WHO cut-offs. Children’s sex, area of residence and mothers’ education and citizenship, were obtained using self-reported questionnaires and were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. Results Between 2008 and 2016, the overall prevalence of obesity dropped from 12.0 to 9.3% (WOF-IOTF) and from 21.2 to 17.0% (WHO), while the overall prevalence of overweight (including obesity) from 35.2 to 30.6% (WOF-IOTF) and from 44.4 to 39.4% (WHO). Reduction in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was greater in boys (− 14.5%, p for trend< 0.001; and − 24.7%, p = 0.001) compared to girls (− 11.1%, p < 0.001; and − 19.2%, p = 0.034). Decreasing trends were observed in overweight prevalences within children resident in the center and in the south. Decreasing trends in obesity prevalences were observed among boys resident in the north and in the south, and among girls resident in the center. Decreasing trends were observed in overweight prevalences within socio–demographic characteristics, except among children with low educated and foreign mothers; and in obesity prevalences for children with medium educated mothers, and girls with Italian mothers. Conclusions From 2008 to 2016 a decrease of childhood overweight and obesity was observed in Italy. However, as these prevalences are still among the highest in Europe, there is need to continue their monitoring and implement more interventions to promote healthy lifestyles. More effort should be focused on children belonging to low social classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lauria
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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17
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Garcia-Hermoso A, Oriol-Granado X, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Association between bullying victimization and physical fitness among children and adolescents. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2019; 19:134-140. [PMID: 31193131 PMCID: PMC6517651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between being bullied and the physical fitness components, and to determine whether a healthy physical fitness level is related with lower victimization in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity compared to unfit overweight/obese peers. METHOD The present cross-sectional study included a total of 7,714 youths (9-17 years), categorized as normal-weight or overweight/obese and fit or unfit according to sex-specific handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) cut-points. Bullying (physical, verbal, social exclusion, sexual harassment, and cyberbullying) was assessed through the Standard Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey questions. RESULTS Boys and girls that were categorized as fit (healthy level of CRF) showed lower traditional bullying compared to unfit counterparts. Also, a healthy level of CRF could be a protective factor of traditional bullying among overweight/obese youths compared to unfit overweight/obese peers. CONCLUSIONS CRF is related with lower risk for experiencing traditional bullying in Latino youths with and without obesity, thus emphasizing the role of fitness even among youth with excess of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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18
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Mendez AI, Miramonti AA, Gillen ZM, McKay BD, Leutzinger TJ, Cramer JT. Stature, Body Mass, and Body Mass Index in High School American Football Players: Appropriate Determinants of Obesity Prevalence? J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:3119-3126. [PMID: 30540280 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mendez, AI, Miramonti, AA, Gillen, ZM, McKay, BD, Leutzinger, TJ, and Cramer, JT. Stature, body mass, and BMI in high school american football players: Appropriate determinants of obesity prevalence? J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3119-3126, 2018-The purpose of this study was to evaluate stature (HT), mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), and obesity prevalence based on BMI categories in a large sample (n = 7,175) of high school American football players enrolled as freshmen, sophomores, or juniors. Players were categorized by their positions: offensive linemen (OLs), defensive linemen (DLs), tight end, defensive end, linebacker, running back, quarterback, defensive back, and wide receiver. The HT, BM, and BMI increased as grade increased among all positions. Offensive lineman and DL had the greatest HT, BM, and BMI (p ≤ 0.05). Obesity prevalence was greatest in OL and DL. When accounting for age-related increases in BMI, BM increased to a greater degree than HT. If HT is an indirect indicator of skeletal size, although BM is more influenced by soft tissue, then the age-related BMI increases in this study may be largely accounted for by soft-tissue changes rather than skeletal growth. Although obesity prevalence in OL (94.5%) and DL (78.4%) positions was greater than all other positions as determined from BMI, it is impossible to know the allocations of fat-free and fat mass-particularly in American football athletes. If obesity continues to be defined as an unhealthy accumulation of fat, then athletes who may have a greater relative proportion of lean soft tissue should not be classified as obese using BMI (BM ÷ HT). More sophisticated, reliable, and sensitive measure of body composition, such as skinfolds, may be more appropriate field measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alegra I Mendez
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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19
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Conde WL, Mazzeti CMDS, Silva JC, Santos IKSD, Santos AMDR. Nutritional status of Brazilian schoolchildren: National Adolescent School-based Health Survey 2015. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2018; 21:e180008. [PMID: 30517459 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720180008.supl.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has increased in Brazil for all age groups. Overweight at the end of adolescence indicates a high probability of unhealthy weight in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To describe anthropometric data of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015 and its distribution according to geographic and socioeconomic strata. METHODS Data from the PeNSE 2015 was used. The analysis sample consisted of adolescents aged 11 to 19 years old from public and private schools with available anthropometric data. Nutritional status was classified according to the body mass index, with reference values proposed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). The prevalence estimates of underweight and overweight and their respective standard errors were presented. The association between anthropometric indicators and demographic or social characteristics of adolescents was estimated by odds ratio, and the respective 95% confidence intervals were presented. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight was less than 3%. Elevated prevalence of overweight was observed in adolescents from the South region, from the urban area, from the lowest fifths of income, and those who declared themselves to be black or indigenous. In general, the prevalence of overweight was higher among adolescents attending private schools. CONCLUSION Overweight is more frequent among adolescents from low-income strata. Besides being an indicator of nutritional status, overweight may indicate social inequality in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolney Lisbôa Conde
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | | | - Iolanda Karla Santana Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Fundação Universidade Federal do ABC - Santo André (SP), Brasil
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20
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Contreras ZA, Chen Z, Roumeliotaki T, Annesi-Maesano I, Baïz N, von Berg A, Bergström A, Crozier S, Duijts L, Ekström S, Eller E, Fantini MP, Kjaer HF, Forastiere F, Gerhard B, Gori D, Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, Heinrich J, Iñiguez C, Inskip H, Keil T, Kogevinas M, Lau S, Lehmann I, Maier D, van Meel ER, Mommers M, Murcia M, Porta D, Smit HA, Standl M, Stratakis N, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Torrent M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wijga AH, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Chatzi L. Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00504-2018. [PMID: 30209194 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00504-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The parallel epidemics of childhood asthma and obesity over the past few decades have spurred research into obesity as a risk factor for asthma. However, little is known regarding the role of asthma in obesity incidence. We examined whether early-onset asthma and related phenotypes are associated with the risk of developing obesity in childhood.This study includes 21 130 children born from 1990 to 2008 in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We followed non-obese children at 3-4 years of age for incident obesity up to 8 years of age. Physician-diagnosed asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis were assessed up to 3-4 years of age.Children with physician-diagnosed asthma had a higher risk for incident obesity than those without asthma (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.66, 95% CI 1.18-2.33). Children with active asthma (wheeze in the last 12 months and physician-diagnosed asthma) exhibited a higher risk for obesity (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.31-3.00) than those without wheeze and asthma. Persistent wheezing was associated with increased risk for incident obesity compared to never wheezers (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.09).Early-onset asthma and wheezing may contribute to an increased risk of developing obesity in later childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuelma A Contreras
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Dept of Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, IPLESP, INSERM, UPMC, Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Nour Baïz
- Dept of Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, IPLESP, INSERM, UPMC, Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Ekström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esben Eller
- Dept of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria P Fantini
- Dept of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Henrik Fomsgaard Kjaer
- Dept of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Davide Gori
- Dept of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margreet W Harskamp-van Ginkel
- Dept of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Dept of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hazel Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanne Lau
- Dept of Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Dept of Environmental Immunology/Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Evelien R van Meel
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Mommers
- Dept of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Porta
- Dept of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Henriëtte A Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Dept of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carel Thijs
- Dept of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Dept of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Dept of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Rizk AA. Physical Fitness, Adiposity, and Diets as Surrogate Measures of Bone Health in Schoolchildren: A Biochemical and Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis. J Clin Densitom 2018; 21:406-419. [PMID: 29657025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between adiposity, muscular fitness (MF), diet, sun exposure, and physical activity profiles as surrogate measures with bone health status in a sample of schoolchildren aged 8-18 yr old. A total of 250 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 8-18 yr were randomly invited to participate in these cross-sectional survey analyses. Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (c-BUA), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone formation markers (total calcium, serum bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin) were measured as markers of bone health. Adiposity profile, MF, physical activity (PA), sun exposure, Ca, and vitamin D dietary intake as related cofactors of bone health were measured by using prevalidated questionnaires and standard analytical techniques. A total of 85% (n = 213) of the study population showed normal bone health and 14.8% (n = 37) had abnormal bone health; most of them are girls (67.6%) classified according to BMD and c-BUA Z-scores into osteopenia (9.6%) and osteoporosis (5.2%). Compared with boys, higher correlations between c-BUA, bone mineral content, and BMD measures in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, whole body, and bone markers were reported in girls with lower bone mass. There was a positive significant correlation between body mass index, adiposity, sun exposure, MF, PA status, Ca and vitamin D intake, and c-BUA and BMD score analyses. These parameters were shown to be associated with about ~57.3%-88.4% of bone health characteristics of children and adolescents with osteopenia and osteoporosis. In children and adolescents, sun exposure, Ca and vitamin D diets, adiposity, PA, and changes in the levels of Ca, osteocalcin, and serum bone alkaline phosphatase were shown to be associated with bone health. Also, a significant correlation was reported between c-BUA score, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-BMD measures, and bone markers at clinically important bone sites of girls and boys. However, further clinical trials should be studied to consider c-BUA and bone markers as the benchmark estimates of bone mass for diagnostic purposes in young ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf A Rizk
- Department of Health Science, College of Health Science and physical activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Pattinson CL, Staton SL, Smith SS, Trost SG, Sawyer EF, Thorpe KJ. Weighing in on international growth standards: testing the case in Australian preschool children. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1111-1121. [PMID: 28730679 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in preschool-aged children are major health concerns. Accurate and reliable estimates of prevalence are necessary to direct public health and clinical interventions. There are currently three international growth standards used to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity, each using different methodologies: Center for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Adoption and use of each method were examined through a systematic review of Australian population studies (2006-2017). For this period, systematically identified population studies (N = 20) reported prevalence of overweight and obesity ranging between 15 and 38% with most (n = 16) applying the IOTF standards. To demonstrate the differences in prevalence estimates yielded by the IOTF in comparison to the WHO and CDC standards, methods were applied to a sample of N = 1,926 Australian children, aged 3-5 years. As expected, the three standards yielded significantly different estimates when applied to this single population. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was WHO - 9.3%, IOTF - 21.7% and CDC - 33.1%. Judicious selection of growth standards, taking account of their underpinning methodologies and provisions of access to study data sets to allow prevalence comparisons, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Pattinson
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S L Staton
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S S Smith
- Recover Injury Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S G Trost
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - E F Sawyer
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville City, Queensland, Australia
| | - K J Thorpe
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Hermoso A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Mota J, Santos R, Correa-Bautista JE, Amaya-Tambo DC, Villa-González E. Cycling to School and Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2017; 188:57-63. [PMID: 28651798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between cycling to/from school and body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome among a sample of Colombian children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN During the 2014-2015 school year, we examined a cross-sectional component of the Association for muscular strength with early manifestation of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Colombian children and adolescents (FUPRECOL) study. Participants included 2877 youths (54.5% girls) from Bogota, Colombia. A self-reported questionnaire was used to measure the frequency and mode of commuting to school. Four components of physical fitness were measured: (1) anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference); (2) musculoskeletal (handgrip and standing long jump test); (3) motor (speed-agility test; 4 × 10-meter shuttle run); and (4) cardiorespiratory (20-m shuttle run test [20mSRT]). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by the definitions provided by the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS Twenty-three percent of the sample reported commuting by cycle. Active commuting boys had a likelihood of having an unhealthy 4 × 10 m value (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53-0.98; P = .038) compared with the reference group (passive commuters). Active commuting girls showed a lower likelihood of having unhealthy a 20mSRT value (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P = .047) and metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.35-0.99; P = .048) compared with passive commuters. CONCLUSION Regular cycling to school may to be associated with better physical fitness and a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome than passive transport, especially in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Science, University of Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deisy Constanza Amaya-Tambo
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Emilio Villa-González
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Moselakgomo KV, Van Staden M. Diagnostic comparison of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Obesity Task Force criteria for obesity classification in South African children. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2017; 9:e1-e7. [PMID: 28893079 PMCID: PMC5594237 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v9i1.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to estimate overweight and obesity in school children by using contrasting definitions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Method The sample size consisted of 1361 learners (n = 678 boys; n = 683 girls) aged 9–13 years who were randomly selected from Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used to measure the children’s anthropometric characteristics. Based on height and weight measurements, the children’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated and used to classify them as underweight, overweight and obese. Percentage body fat was calculated from the sum of two skinfolds (i.e. triceps and subscapular). Age-specific BMI, percentage body fat and sum of skinfolds were examined for the boys and girls. Results A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in boys and girls when the CDC BMI categories were used. In contrast, the IOTF BMI classifications indicated a strong prevalence of underweight among the children. Conclusion In contrast to the IOTF index that yielded a greater occurrence of underweight among South African children, the CDC criteria indicated a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight among the same children. Future large-scale surveillance studies are needed to determine the appropriateness of different definitions in order to establish a more reliable indicator for estimating overweight and obesity in South African children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankane V Moselakgomo
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, School of Molecular and Life Science, University of Limpopo.
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25
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Riaño-Galán I, Fernández-Somoano A, Rodríguez-Dehli C, Valvi D, Vrijheid M, Tardón A. Proatherogenic Lipid Profile in Early Childhood: Association with Weight Status at 4 Years and Parental Obesity. J Pediatr 2017; 187:153-157.e2. [PMID: 28529017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine lipid profiles in early childhood and evaluate their association with weight status at 4 years of age. Additionally, we evaluated whether the risk of overweight or having an altered lipid profile was associated with parental weight status. STUDY DESIGN Five hundred eighty two mothers and their 4-year-old children from 2 Spanish population-based cohorts were studied. Weight status in children at 4 years of age was classified as overweight or obese using the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined in children and lipid ratios were calculated. A proatherogenic lipid profile was defined as having the 3 lipid ratios in the third tertile. RESULTS A total of 12.9% of children were overweight and 6.4% were obese. Weight status at 4 years of age was related to maternal prepregnancy body mass index, paternal body mass index, gestational diabetes, and birth weight, but not with other sociodemographic characteristics of the mother. We found no association with gestational age, sex of the child, or breastfeeding. The risk of overweight/obesity was increased 4.17-fold if mothers were overweight/obese (95% CI 1.76-9.88) and 5.1-fold (95% CI 2.50-10.40) if both parents were overweight/obese. There were 133 children (22.8%) with a proatherogenic lipid profile. The risk of a proatherogenic lipid profile was increased 2.44-fold (95% CI 1.54-3.86) if they were overweight/obese at 4 years of age and 2-fold if the father was overweight/obese (95% CI 1.22-3.35). CONCLUSIONS Four-year-old overweight/obese children have higher lipid risk profiles. Offspring of overweight/obese parents have an increased risk for obesity and a proatherogenic lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolina Riaño-Galán
- Pediatric Service, Hospital San Agustin, Avilés, Asturias, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | | | - Damaskini Valvi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Lima TFM, Maciel WM, Alencar MND, Cruz JADS, Carvalho CAD, Silva AAMD. Association between maternal depressive symptoms with child malnutrition or child excess weight. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042017000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to verify associations between maternal depressive symptoms with child malnutrition or child excess weight. Methods: prospective study with data from the BRISA prenatal cohort in São Luís, Brazil, obtained from the 22nd to the 25th week of gestation (in 2009 and 2010) and, later, when children were aged 12 to 32 months (in 2010 and 2012). Maternal depressive symptoms were identified using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). For the excess weight evaluation, BMI z-score for age > +2 was used. For measuring child malnutrition, height z-score for age < -2 was used. The confounding factors were identified using a directed acyclic graph in DAGitty software. Results: we did not find associations between maternal depressive symptoms with child malnutrition or child excess weight. The prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms was 27.6% during gestation and 19.8% in the second or third year of the child's life. The malnutrition rate was 6% and the excess weight rate was 10.9%. Conclusions: no associations between maternal depressive symptoms in prenatal or in the second or third year of the child's life and child malnutrition or excess weight were detected.
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Pubertal Stage, Body Mass Index, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia: The Cross-Sectional Fuprecol Study. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28640231 PMCID: PMC5537764 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between pubertal stage and anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2877 Colombian children and adolescents (9–17.9 years of age). Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A biochemical study was performed to determine the cardiometabolic risk index (CMRI). Blood pressure was evaluated and pubertal stage was assessed with the Tanner criteria. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. The most significant variable (p < 0.05) in the prognosis of cardiometabolic risk was found to be the BMI in both boys and girls. In the case of girls, the pubertal stage was also a CMRI predictive factor. In conclusion, BMI was an important indicator of cardiovascular risk in both sexes. Pubertal stage was associated with cardiovascular risk only in the girls.
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Berents TL, Carlsen KCL, Mowinckel P, Skjerven HO, Rolfsjord LB, Nordhagen LS, Kvenshagen B, Hunderi JOG, Bradley M, Thorsby PM, Carlsen KH, Gjersvik P. Weight-for-length, early weight-gain velocity and atopic dermatitis in infancy and at two years of age: a cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:141. [PMID: 28592289 PMCID: PMC5463398 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and atopic dermatitis (AD) are major health problems in most industrialised countries, but the relationship between overweight and AD in infants and young children is unclear. We investigated if weight-for-length at birth, in infancy and at two years, as well as early weight-gain velocity, are associated with the development of AD in early life. Methods Cohort study of infants (n = 642), all living in south-east Norway, hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis (n = 404) or recruited from the general population (n = 238), examined at mean age 5.1 months (enrolment) and at a two-year follow-up visit (n = 499; 78%) at mean age 24.6 months. Exposures were weight-for-length (g/cm) at birth, enrolment and two-year follow-up, and early weight-gain velocity (gram/month from birth to enrolment). Excessive weight-for-length was defined as weight-for-length >95th percentile of WHO child-growth standards. Data on weight-for-length at the three time points were obtained for 435, 428 and 473 children. AD was diagnosed according to the Hanifin & Rajka criteria or from a history of physician-diagnosed AD. We performed multivariate analyses with weight-for-length at birth, at enrolment and at the two-year follow-up visit and with early weight gain velocity for the endpoint AD at each visit. Results In adjusted analyses, excessive weight-for-length at enrolment was associated with concurrent AD (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.23–7.50) and with AD at two years (OR 2.40; 1.11–5.17). In infants without AD, weight-for-length at enrolment increased the risk of AD at two years, with OR being 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.04) per increased gram/cm. AD at two years was not associated with concurrent excessive weight-for-length, nor was AD at any time associated with weight-for-length at birth or with early weight-gain velocity. Conclusions The results suggest that overweight in infancy may contribute to the development of AD in early life, highlighting the need for child health-care professionals to address potential overweight and atopic disease when advising infants’ caregivers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00817466, EudraCT number, 2009–012667-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Løvold Berents
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Mowinckel
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Bjarte Rolfsjord
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Innlandet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jon Olav Gjengstø Hunderi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
| | - Maria Bradley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Gjersvik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Valerio G, Balsamo A, Baroni MG, Brufani C, Forziato C, Grugni G, Licenziati MR, Maffeis C, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Morandi A, Pacifico L, Sartorio A, Manco M. Childhood obesity classification systems and cardiometabolic risk factors: a comparison of the Italian, World Health Organization and International Obesity Task Force references. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:19. [PMID: 28257654 PMCID: PMC5347828 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body Mass Index Italian reference data are available for clinical and/or epidemiological use, but no study compared the ability of this system to classify overweight and obesity and detect subjects with clustered cardiometabolic risk factors with international standards. Therefore our aim was to assess 1) the agreement among the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED), the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) Body Mass Index cut-offs in estimating overweight or obesity in children and adolescents; 2) the ability of each above-mentioned set of cut-points to detect subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS Data of 6070 Italian subjects aged 5-17 years were collected. Prevalence of normal-weight, overweight and obesity was determined using three classification systems: ISPED, WHO and IOTF. High blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and impaired fasting glucose were considered as cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS ISPED and IOTF classified more subjects as normal-weight or overweight and less subjects as obese as compared to WHO (p <0.0001) in the whole sample and in groups divided by gender and age. The strength of agreement between the three methods compared to each other was excellent for overweight (including obesity) definition (k > 0.900), while it differed for obesity definition, ranging from the highest agreement between ISPED and IOTF (k 0.875) to the lowest between ISPED and WHO (k 0.664). WHO had the highest sensitivity, while ISPED and IOTF systems had the highest specificity, in identifying obese subjects with clustered cardiometabolic risk factors. Analogous results were found in subjects stratified by gender or age. CONCLUSIONS ISPED and IOTF systems performed similarly in assessing overweight and obesity, and were more specific in identifying obese children/adolescents with clustered cardiometabolic risk factors; on the contrary, the WHO system was more sensitive. Given the seriousness of the obesity epidemic, we wonder whether the WHO system should be preferable to the national standards for clinical practice and/or obesity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Balsamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Brufani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudia Forziato
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, Pozzuoli, Napoli Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Italian Auxological Institute, Verbania, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anita Morandi
- Pediatric Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacifico
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, Pozzuoli, Napoli Italy
- Division of Auxology, Italian Auxological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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30
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Forero-Bogotá MA, Ojeda-Pardo ML, García-Hermoso A, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RíoValle J, Navarro-Pérez CF, Gracia-Marco L, Vlachopoulos D, Martínez-Torres J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Body Composition, Nutritional Profile and Muscular Fitness Affect Bone Health in a Sample of Schoolchildren from Colombia: The Fuprecol Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E106. [PMID: 28165360 PMCID: PMC5331537 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationships between body composition, nutritional profile, muscular fitness (MF) and bone health in a sample of children and adolescents from Colombia. Participants included 1118 children and adolescents (54.6% girls). Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (c-BUA) was obtained as a marker of bone health. Body composition (fat mass and lean mass) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Furthermore height, weight, waist circumference and Tanner stage were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Standing long-jump (SLJ) and isometric handgrip dynamometry were used respectively as indicators of lower and upper body muscular fitness. A muscular index score was also computed by summing up the standardised values of both SLJ and handgrip strength. Dietary intake and degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were assessed by a 7-day recall questionnaire for food frequency and the Kidmed questionnaire. Poor bone health was considered using a z-score cut off of ≤-1.5 standard deviation. Once the results were adjusted for age and Tanner stage, the predisposing factors of having a c-BUA z-score ≤-1.5 standard deviation included being underweight or obese, having an unhealthy lean mass, having an unhealthy fat mass, SLJ performance, handgrip performance, and unhealthy muscular index score. In conclusion, body composition (fat mass and lean body mass) and MF both influenced bone health in a sample of children and adolescents from Colombia. Thus promoting strength adaptation and preservation in Colombian youth will help to improve bone health, an important protective factor against osteoporosis in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Adriana Forero-Bogotá
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Mónica Liliana Ojeda-Pardo
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7500618, Chile.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RíoValle
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Carmen Flores Navarro-Pérez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
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Grajda A, Kułaga Z, Gurzkowska B, Wojtyło M, Góźdź M, Litwin M. Preschool children blood pressure percentiles by age and height. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:400-408. [PMID: 28032626 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to construct blood pressure (BP) references for the Polish preschool children and to compare them with the United States, German and European references. BP was measured oscillometrically using a validated device in 4378 randomly selected Polish children aged 3-6 years who were free of chronic diseases and behaved quietly during BP measurement. Height and weight were also measured. Gender-specific BP percentiles were constructed for age and height simultaneously with the use of quantile regression and a polynomial regression model. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure reference percentiles by gender, age and height are presented. The Polish preschool children's 90th and 95th SBP and DBP percentiles were mostly lower than those in the United States, German and IDEFICS study BP references. Compared with the German oscillometric BP reference and with the United States sphygmomanometric BP reference, differences in the 95th SBP percentiles ranged by age from -5 to 0 mm Hg and from -2 to -1 mm Hg, in boys and girls, respectively, whereas the differences in the 95th percentiles of DBP ranged from -7 to -1 mm Hg and from -5 to -1 mm Hg, in boys and girls, respectively. Polish preschool children's BP percentiles based on measurements with the use of a validated oscillometric device in a nationally representative sample are lower than those from the current United States, German and European references. When interpreting BP measurements in children, adequate referential values should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grajda
- Public Health Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Kułaga
- Public Health Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Gurzkowska
- Public Health Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wojtyło
- Public Health Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Góźdź
- Public Health Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Litwin
- Department of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Nilsen BB, Yngve A, Sjöberg A, Moraeus L, Lissner L, Werner B. Using different growth references to measure thinness and overweight among Swedish primary school children showed considerable variations. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:1158-65. [PMID: 26991338 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study compared how four different growth references determined the prevalence of thinness and overweight, based on height and weight measurements from a nationally representative sample of Swedish children from seven to nine years of age. METHODS The height and weight measurements of 4518 Swedish schoolchildren aged seven to nine years were carried out in 2008 using a standardised protocol. The prevalence of different degrees of thinness and overweight was calculated using international growth references from the World Health Organization, the International Obesity Task Force and two Swedish growth references from Werner and Karlberg. RESULTS Depending on which growth reference we used, the prevalence of different degrees of thinness varied from 7.5% to 16.9% for the boys and 6.9% to 13.7% for the girls, while the prevalence of overweight, including obesity and severe obesity, varied from 16.5% to 25.7% for the boys and 18.2 to 25.2% for the girls. There were also significant gender differences depending on the growth reference we used. CONCLUSION Using four different growth references, two international and two Swedish, produced wide variations in the prevalence of thinness and overweight, together with significant gender differences. In the absence of a global definition, we need both national and international growth references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente B. Nilsen
- School of Hospitality; Culinary Arts and Meal Science; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion; Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Science; Oslo Norway
| | - Agneta Yngve
- School of Hospitality; Culinary Arts and Meal Science; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
- Sophiahemmet University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lotta Moraeus
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bo Werner
- School of Hospitality; Culinary Arts and Meal Science; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
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Ramírez-Vélez R, López-Cifuentes MF, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Ruíz K, González-Jiménez E, Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Vivas A, Triana-Reina HR, Schmidt-RioValle J. Triceps and Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Percentiles and Cut-Offs for Overweight and Obesity in a Population-Based Sample of Schoolchildren and Adolescents in Bogota, Colombia. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100595. [PMID: 27669294 PMCID: PMC5083983 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. The aims of this study were to establish Colombian smoothed centile charts and LMS L (Box-Cox transformation), M (median), and S (coefficient of variation) tables for triceps, subscapular, and triceps + subscapular skinfolds; appropriate cut-offs were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on a population-based sample of children and adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9618 children and adolescents (55.7% girls; age range of 9-17.9 years). Triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements were obtained using standardized methods. We calculated the triceps + subscapular skinfold (T + SS) sum. Smoothed percentile curves for triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were derived using the LMS method. ROC curve analyses were used to evaluate the optimal cut-off point of skinfold thickness for overweight and obesity, based on the International Obesity Task Force definitions. Subscapular and triceps skinfolds and T + SS were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed that subscapular and triceps skinfolds and T + SS have a high discriminatory power in the identification of overweight and obesity in the sample population in this study. Our results provide sex- and age-specific normative reference standards for skinfold thickness values from a population from Bogotá, Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Mario Ferney López-Cifuentes
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogota DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Diana Paola Córdoba-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Alimentos, Nutrición y Salud, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Bogota DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Vivas
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogota DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Hector Reynaldo Triana-Reina
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogota DC 110311, Colombia.
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Sarki M, Robertson A, Parlesak A. Association between socioeconomic status of mothers, food security, food safety practices and the double burden of malnutrition in the Lalitpur district, Nepal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 74:35. [PMID: 27625786 PMCID: PMC5020528 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-016-0150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing in low-and middle income countries such as Nepal. At the same time, high prevalence of chronic undernutrition persists leading to a double burden of malnutrition. Aim To identify associations between the socioeconomic status of mothers, food security, the food safety environment within the household, and prevalence of stunting and overweight of the children. Methods Statistical analysis of socioeconomic, food safety-related and anthropometric data from 289 mother-child dyads in an urban area of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Results According to WHO standards, 26 % of the children, aged 0–59 months, were stunted, 10 % were underweight, and 6.6 % were either overweight or obese. Significantly more boys than girls were underweight (p = 0.004) and stunted (p < 0.001). The higher education level of mothers was associated with a higher height-for-age (HAZ) score in girls, but not with HAZ in boys. Irrespective of sex, children of mothers with highest education level had significantly lower BMI-for-age scores (BAZ) than those of mothers with low education levels. None of the food safety indicators were associated with either HAZ or the BAZ. Conclusion The education level of mothers seems to be relevant to help reduce the double burden of malnutrition at least in some regions of Nepal. This should be taken into consideration when designing programmes to prevent both chronic undernutrition and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Sarki
- Global Nutrition and Health, Metropolitan University College, Pustervig 8, 1126 København K, Denmark ; Nutrition Promotion and Consultancy Services (NPCS), NGO, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Aileen Robertson
- Global Nutrition and Health, Metropolitan University College, Pustervig 8, 1126 København K, Denmark ; WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Nutrition and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandr Parlesak
- Global Nutrition and Health, Metropolitan University College, Pustervig 8, 1126 København K, Denmark ; WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Nutrition and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nezami M, Segovia-Siapco G, Beeson WL, Sabaté J. Associations between Consumption of Dairy Foods and Anthropometric Indicators of Health in Adolescents. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070427. [PMID: 27420094 PMCID: PMC4963903 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with a greater chance of a lifetime of obesity. Evidence suggests dairy at recommended levels could be beneficial in maintaining normal weight and body composition. We assessed whether dairy consumption is associated with anthropometric indicators of health (z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ); height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMIZ); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); fat-free mass (FFM); and fat mass (FM)) in adolescents. In a cross-sectional study, 536 males and females ages 12–18 completed a 151-item semi-quantitative web-based food frequency questionnaire that included 34 dairy-containing foods. Dairy foods were categorized into milk, cheese, sweetened dairy, and total dairy. Anthropometrics were measured during school visits. Total dairy intake was associated with WAZ (β = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.49), p = 0.045) and HAZ (β = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.52), p = 0.021). In boys, total dairy was associated with WHtR (β = 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.04), p = 0.039), FFM (β = 4.83 (95% CI: 1.79, 7.87), p = 0.002), and FM (β = 3.89 (95% CI: 0.58, 7.21), p = 0.021), and cheese was associated with FFM (β = 4.22 (95% CI: 0.98, 7.47), p = 0.011). Dairy consumption seems to influence growth in both genders, and body composition and central obesity in boys. Prospective studies are needed to identify how types of dairy relate to growth, body composition, and central obesity of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manijeh Nezami
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Gina Segovia-Siapco
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - W Lawrence Beeson
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Bélanger M, Humbert L, Vatanparast H, Ward S, Muhajarine N, Chow AF, Engler-Stringer R, Donovan D, Carrier N, Leis A. A multilevel intervention to increase physical activity and improve healthy eating and physical literacy among young children (ages 3-5) attending early childcare centres: the Healthy Start-Départ Santé cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:313. [PMID: 27068684 PMCID: PMC4828766 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a growing concern for public health. Given a majority of children in many countries spend approximately 30 h per week in early childcare centers, this environment represents a promising setting for implementing strategies to foster healthy behaviours for preventing and controlling childhood obesity. Healthy Start-Départ Santé was designed to promote physical activity, physical literacy, and healthy eating among preschoolers. The objectives of this study are to assess the effectiveness of the Healthy Start-Départ Santé intervention in improving physical activity levels, physical literacy, and healthy eating among preschoolers attending early childcare centers. METHODS/DESIGN This study follows a cluster randomized controlled trial design in which the childcare centers are randomly assigned to receive the intervention or serve as usual care controls. The Healthy Start-Départ Santé intervention is comprised of interlinked components aiming to enable families and educators to integrate physical activity and healthy eating in the daily lives of young children by influencing factors at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, physical environment and policy levels. The intervention period, spanning 6-8 months, is preceded and followed by data collections. Participants are recruited from 61 childcare centers in two Canadian provinces, New Brunswick and Saskatchewan. Centers eligible for this study have to prepare and provide meals for lunch and have at least 20 children between the ages of 3 and 5. Centers are excluded if they have previously received a physical activity or nutrition promoting intervention. Eligible centers are stratified by province, geographical location (urban or rural) and language (English or French), then recruited and randomized using a one to one protocol for each stratum. Data collection is ongoing. The primary study outcomes are assessed using accelerometers (physical activity levels), the Test of Gross Motor Development-II (physical literacy), and digital photography-assisted weighted plate waste (food intake). DISCUSSION The multifaceted approach of Healthy Start-Départ Santé positions it well to improve the physical literacy and both dietary and physical activity behaviors of children attending early childcare centers. The results of this study will be of relevance given the overwhelming prevalence of overweight and obesity in children worldwide. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02375490 (ClinicalTrials.gov registry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bélanger
- Department of family medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.,Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.,Vitalité Health Network, 330 Université Avenue, Moncton, NB, E1C 2Z3, Canada
| | - Louise Humbert
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 7 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition /School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0Z2, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Ward
- Department of family medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.,Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Health Sciences E Wing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Amanda Froehlich Chow
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 7 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2, Canada
| | - Rachel Engler-Stringer
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Health Sciences E Wing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Denise Donovan
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Natalie Carrier
- École des sciences des aliments, de nutrition et d'études familiales, Faculté des sciences de la santé et des services communautaires, Université de Moncton, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Anne Leis
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Health Sciences E Wing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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Lindkvist M, Ivarsson A, Silfverdal SA, Eurenius E. Associations between toddlers' and parents' BMI, in relation to family socio-demography: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1252. [PMID: 26679345 PMCID: PMC4683751 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that the pregnancy and the first years of life are important for future childhood health and body weight. Even though current evidence suggests that both parents are important for childhood health, the influence that parents' BMI and socio-demography has on toddlers' BMI has so far received little attention. This study aimed to increase our knowledge on the association between toddlers' and parents' BMI, in relation to family socio-demography. Further, the aim was to investigate the interaction between the mothers' and fathers' BMI in relation to their child's BMI. METHODS A total of 697 children with a median age of 18 months (range 16-24 months) participated in the study along with their mothers (n = 697) and fathers (n = 674). As regards representability, our parental sample had a lower proportion of immigrants and the parents were more gainfully employed compared to parents in the rest of Sweden (when the child was 18 months old). The parents completed a questionnaire on parental and child health. Data on parental weight, height, and socio-demographics were recorded along with the child's weight and height measured at an ordinary child health care visit. We used the thresholds for children's BMI that were recommended for surveillance by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in 2012 based on the WHO reference population. RESULTS Among the toddlers, 33 % had a BMI above the WHO 85(th) percentile and 14 % had a BMI above the WHO 95(th) percentile. The probability of a toddler having a BMI above the WHO 95(th) percentile was significantly increased if either the mother or father was overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)). Furthermore, we found a positive synergistic effect between the mother and father being overweight and their child having a BMI above the WHO 85(th) percentile. No associations were found between the toddlers' BMI and the family's socio-demographics, but there were associations between the parents' BMI and the family's socio-demographics. CONCLUSION High BMI is common even in toddlers in this population. The risk increases if one parent is overweight, and it increases even more if both parents are overweight. The results in this study confirm the importance of considering familial risk factors when examining child health and BMI at ordinary child health care visits already at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lindkvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, SE, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anneli Ivarsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sven Arne Silfverdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Paediatrics, Umeå University, SE, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Eva Eurenius
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Jat KR, Kabra SK. Obesity and Pulmonary Function Tests. Indian J Pediatr 2015; 82:1089-90. [PMID: 26374739 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-1888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K R Jat
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sushil K Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Tomaszewski P, Żmijewski P, Milde K, Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza E. Weight-height relationships and central obesity in 7-year-old to 10-year-old Polish urban children: a comparison of different BMI and WHtR standards. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:34. [PMID: 26445974 PMCID: PMC4597461 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increase in overweight and obesity rates among children is a major social problem; however, interpretation and comparability of estimations may be affected by the reference values and cut-off points used. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and central obesity in 7-year-old to 10-year-old urban children and to compare the results obtained through various standards of BMI or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) indicators. Methods The research was conducted on a sample group of 367 girls and 424 boys aged 6.5–10.5 years, randomly chosen from a number of primary schools in Warsaw, Poland. In all participants, basic somatic features were assessed, and based on BMI and WHtR values, participants were then classified according to different standards. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and central obesity in boys and girls was compared using the chi-square test; fractions obtained from various BMI and WHtR standards were compared through a test for proportions; and the conformity of classification methods was assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results Approximately 9 % of girls and 6 % of boys were underweight, 15 % of all participants was classified as overweight, and approximately 4 % of girls and 6 % of boys aged 7–10 were obese. Central obesity was diagnosed in 18.6–20.9 % of all participants, while another 7.1 % of girls and 7.5 % of boys displayed symptoms of excessive fat deposition characterized by elevated body fat percentages. Even though the prevalence estimations varied depending on the standards used, the overall classification compliance reached 86–94 % with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient ranging from 0.676 to 0.841. Conclusion The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among urban children is comparable to estimates for the general population. Of particular concern, in terms of health and proper physical development, is the problem of central obesity that affects one out of five children. The use of reference values representing body fat percentage seems justified as it allows for a more precise diagnosis of weight-related disorders, including the particularly threatening abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Tomaszewski
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Żmijewski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Trylogii 2, 01-982, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Milde
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland.
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Cavazzotto TG, Brasil MR, Oliveira VM, da Silva SR, Ronque ERV, Queiroga MR, Serassuelo Junior H. Nutritional status of children and adolescents based on body mass index: agreement between World Health Organization and International Obesity Task Force. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 32:44-9. [PMID: 24676189 PMCID: PMC4183002 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822014000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the agreement between two international criteria for
classification of children and adolescents nutritional status. Methods: The study included 778 girls and 863 boys aged from six to 13 years old. Body mass
and height were measured and used to calculate the body mass index. Nutritional
status was classified according to the cut-off points defined by the World Health
Organization and the International Obesity Task Force. The agreement was evaluated
using Kappa statistic and weighted Kappa. Results: In order to classify the nutritional status, the agreement between the criteria
was higher for the boys (Kappa 0.77) compared to girls (Kappa 0.61). The weighted
Kappa was also higher for boys (0.85) in comparison to girls (0.77). Kappa index
varied according to age. When the nutritional status was classified in only two
categories - appropriate (thinness + accentuated thinness + eutrophy) and
overweight (overweight + obesity + severe obesity) -, the Kappa index presented
higher values than those related to the classification in six categories. Conclusions: A substantial agreement was observed between the criteria, being higher in males
and varying according to the age.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of common surveillance systems providing comparable figures and temporal trends of the prevalence of overweight (OW), obesity and related risk factors among European preschool and school children. Comparability of available data is limited in terms of sampling design, methodological approaches and quality assurance. The IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS) study provides one of the largest European data sets of young children based on state-of-the-art methodology. OBJECTIVE To assess the European distribution of weight status according to different classification systems based on body mass index (BMI) in children (2.0-9.9 years). To describe the prevalence of weight categories by region, sex, age and socioeconomic position. DESIGN Between 2007 and 2010, 18,745 children from eight European countries participated in an extensive, highly standardised protocol including, among other measures, anthropometric examinations and parental reports on socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS The combined prevalence of OW/obesity ranges from more than 40% in southern Europe to less than 10% in northern Europe. Overall, the prevalence of OW was higher in girls (21.1%) as compared with boys (18.6%). The prevalence of OW shows a negative gradient with social position, with some variation of the strength and consistency of this association across Europe. Overall, population groups with low income and/or lower education levels show the highest prevalence of obesity. The use of different reference systems to classify OW results in substantial differences in prevalence estimates and can even reverse the reported difference between boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher prevalence of obesity in populations from southern Europe and in population groups with lower education and income levels. Our data confirm the need to develop and reinforce European public health policies to prevent early obesity and to reduce these health inequalities and regional disparities.
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Mahé E, Beauchet A, Bodemer C, Phan A, Bursztejn AC, Boralevi F, Souillet AL, Chiaverini C, Bourrat E, Miquel J, Vabres P, Barbarot S, Bessis D, Eschard C, Hadj-Rabia S. Psoriasis and obesity in French children: a case-control, multicentre study. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1593-1600. [PMID: 25363889 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is more common in adults with psoriasis than in the general population, but there is a lack of data available regarding this association in children. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether obesity was more common in French children with psoriasis of any clinical type or severity. METHODS A multicentre case-control study was performed in 23 French dermatology centres. Children without chronic or genetic inflammatory disease were selected as controls and matched for age, sex and dermatology centre. We used three weight cut-off categories to compare the two groups: overweight, overweight with abdominal obesity and overweight with obesity according to the French Health Authority guidelines. RESULTS A total of 261 children with psoriasis were included. The mean age was 9.8 years, 126 were boys and 135 were girls. Overall, 42.5% of these children had plaque psoriasis and 32.2% had severe psoriasis. There was no difference between the psoriasis and control groups when the frequency of children who were overweight was compared (20·7% in psoriasis group vs. 17·1% in control group; P = 0·18). Overweight with abdominal obesity including obesity (18·4% vs. 10·4%; P = 0·009) and obesity alone (10·0% vs. 3·1%; P = 0·001) were more common in the psoriasis group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that being overweight with abdominal obesity and being obese is more common in children with psoriasis than in controls. The risk factors are the same as those that affect the French general population, i.e. female sex and having a parent who was overweight. The severity and clinical type of psoriasis do not affect overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mahé
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100, Argenteuil, France
| | - A Beauchet
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - C Bodemer
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Phan
- Service de néphro-rhumato-dermatologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - A-C Bursztejn
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Brabois, 54000, Vandœuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - F Boralevi
- Unité de Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, France
| | - A-L Souillet
- Service de néphro-rhumato-dermatologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - C Chiaverini
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Archet 2, ESPIC CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - E Bourrat
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J Miquel
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.,Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud, Saint Pierre de la Réunion, France
| | - P Vabres
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - S Barbarot
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - D Bessis
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - C Eschard
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - S Hadj-Rabia
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Scherdel P, Botton J, Rolland-Cachera MF, Léger J, Pelé F, Ancel PY, Simon C, Castetbon K, Salanave B, Thibault H, Lioret S, Péneau S, Gusto G, Charles MA, Heude B. Should the WHO growth charts be used in France? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120806. [PMID: 25761138 PMCID: PMC4356547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth charts are an essential clinical tool for evaluating a child's health and development. The current French reference curves, published in 1979, have recently been challenged by the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the growth of French children who were born between 1981 and 2007, with the WHO growth charts and the French reference curves currently used. DESIGN Anthropometric measurements from French children, who participated in 12 studies, were analyzed: 82,151 measurements were available for 27,257 children in different age groups, from birth to 18 years. We calculated and graphically compared mean z-scores based on the WHO and French curves, for height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) according to age and sex. The prevalence of overweight using the WHO, the French and International Obesity Task Force definitions were compared. RESULTS Our population of children was on average 0.5 standard deviations taller than the French reference population, from the first month of life until puberty age. Mean z-scores for height, weight and BMI were closer to zero based on the WHO growth charts than on the French references from infancy until late adolescence, except during the first six months. These differences not related to breastfeeding rates. As expected, the prevalence of overweight depended on the reference used, and differences varied according to age. CONCLUSION The WHO growth charts may be appropriate for monitoring growth of French children, as the growth patterns in our large population of French children were closer to the WHO growth charts than to the French reference curves, from 6 months onwards. However, there were some limitations in the use of these WHO growth charts, and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Scherdel
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child’s health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jérémie Botton
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child’s health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de biomathématique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Rolland-Cachera
- Université Paris 13, INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France, Inra, Cnam, Université Paris 5, Université Paris 7, Bobigny, France
| | - Juliane Léger
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 676, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Pelé
- Inserm UMR 1085 IRSET, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (CHU), Service d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Yves Ancel
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- Carmen, Inserm U1060, University of Lyon 1, INRA U1235, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, CENS, Lyon, France
| | - Katia Castetbon
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Département maladies chroniques et traumatismes, Unité de surveillance et d’épidémiologie nutritionnelle (USEN), F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques, Bobigny, France
| | - Benoit Salanave
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Département maladies chroniques et traumatismes, Unité de surveillance et d’épidémiologie nutritionnelle (USEN), F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques, Bobigny, France
| | - Hélène Thibault
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre Inserm U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France, Inserm, ISPED, Centre Inserm U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child’s health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES, ex-AFSSA, Dietary Survey Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Université Paris 13, INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France, Inra, Cnam, Université Paris 5, Université Paris 7, Bobigny, France
| | - Gaelle Gusto
- IRSA, département Synergies, 37521 La Riche cedex, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child’s health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child’s health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris, France, Paris Descartes University, France
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Rajput N, Tuohy P, Mishra S, Smith A, Taylor B. Overweight and obesity in 4-5-year-old children in New Zealand: results from the first 4 years (2009-2012) of the B4School Check programme. J Paediatr Child Health 2015; 51:334-43. [PMID: 25157848 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in four-year-old children in New Zealand, variations with ethnicity and socio-economic status, and changes over the study duration using body mass index (BMI) measurements collected as part of the B4School Check programme. METHODS Demographic and BMI data were extracted for all children measured between 2009 and 2012. Overweight and obesity rates were estimated using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) 2012 standards and the 85th (overweight) and 95th (obese) percentiles for BMI-for-age of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2006, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 and UK 1990 reference standards. RESULTS A total of 168,744 BMI measurements were included in the analysis with a coverage rate of 66.5%. Mean BMI was 16.30 kg/m(2) in girls and 16.44 kg/m(2) in boys. Mean BMI z-score (WHO 2006 standards) was 0.601 in girls and 0.785 in boys. Using WHO 2006 standards, 16.9% of girls and 19.6% of boys were overweight and 13.8% of girls and 18.7% of boys were obese. Using IOTF standards, 18.3% of girls and 16.2% of boys were overweight and 5.7% of girls and 4.7% of boys were found obese. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in Pacific and Maori children and those living in more socio-economically deprived areas than other children. No definite time-trends were observed over the study duration. CONCLUSIONS The study reaffirms the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in pre-school children in New Zealand, and demonstrates the variations in prevalence when using different reference standards.
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45
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Vignerová J, Shriver L, Paulová M, Brabec M, Schneidrová D, Růžková R, Procházka B, Riedlová J. Growth of Czech Breastfed Infants in Comparison with the World Health Organization Standards. Cent Eur J Public Health 2015; 23:32-8. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Moraeus L, Lissner L, Sjöberg A. Stable prevalence of obesity in Swedish schoolchildren from 2008 to 2013 but widening socio-economic gap in girls. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:1277-84. [PMID: 25164863 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to follow the 5-year prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in 7- to 9-year-old children in West Sweden and to investigate whether trends differed according to gender and socio-economic status. METHODS Cross-sectional anthropometric measurements of three cohorts in grades one and two were performed in 3492 7- to 9-year-old children in 2008, 2010 and 2013. For body mass index classification, the IOTF/Cole and WHO 2007 references were used. Percentage of inhabitants with high education in the school area was used for socio-economic classification. RESULTS Between 2008, 2010 and 2013, the overall time-trends in overweight 17.7%, 19.3% and 18.8%, obesity 3.2%, 3.3% and 3.1%, and thinness 6.5%, 4.7% and 6.9%, respectively, were fairly stable using the IOTF/Cole references. Thinness defined by the Cole reference increased in girls. The socio-economic gradient for overweight and obesity was clear by both references, but using the IOTF reference, the gap increased for obesity among girls (p = 0.024). No significant trends were observed with the WHO reference. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was stable over 5 years, but we detected growing inequality in obesity and increasing prevalence of thinness in girls. With these regionally representative data, we can draw conclusions about West Sweden, despite an absence of continued national surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Moraeus
- Public Health Epidemiology Unit; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Public Health Epidemiology Unit; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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47
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Kain J, Orellana Y, Leyton B, Taibo M, Vio F. Association between socioeconomic vulnerability and height with obesity in low-income Chilean children in the transition from preschool to first grade. Ecol Food Nutr 2014; 53:241-55. [PMID: 24735207 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2013.813848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the percentage of obesity among lower-income Chilean children 4-6 years of age, by socioeconomic vulnerability (family score assessing the children's risk of becoming poor) and height. The sample included 17,080 children with anthropometry at 4, 5, and 6 years of age, and three categories of socioeconomic vulnerability. Body mass index Z-score (BMI Z), % obesity, height/age Z-score (HAZ) by socioeconomic vulnerability/sex, the effect of socioeconomic vulnerability on BMI Z and HAZ by age/sex, and BMI Z and % obesity at 4-6 years, according to initial height, were determined. Between 4-6 years, % obesity is very high, especially among the less-vulnerable and taller children. Preventive measures should prioritize this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kain
- a Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Chile and Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas , Santiago , Chile
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48
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Tracking of body size from birth to 7 years of age and factors associated with maintenance of a high body size from birth to 7 years of age – the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa). Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:1746-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo examine tracking of body size among children participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) from birth to 7 years of age and additionally to explore child and parental characteristics associated with maintenance of a high body size in this period of life.DesignAnthropometric data at birth and at 1, 3 and 7 years of age were collected by questionnaires addressed to the mother.SettingParticipants were recruited from all over Norway during the period 1999–2008.SubjectsA total of 3771 children had complete anthropometric data at birth and at 1, 3 and 7 years of age; the sample includes children born between 2002 and 2004.ResultsCohen’s weighted kappa pointed to fair (0·36) to moderate (0·43) tracking of body size from birth to 7 years of age. Generalized estimating equations further indicated that children in the highest tertile of ponderal index at birth had nearly one unit higher BMI (kg/m2) at the age of 7 years compared with children in other tertiles of ponderal index at birth. Having parents with high BMI (≥25·0 kg/m2) increased the odds of having a stable high body size from birth to 7 years of age; moreover, girls had significantly higher odds compared with boys.ConclusionsThe study indicates fair to moderate tracking of body size from birth to 7 years of age. From a public health perspective, early prevention of childhood overweight and obesity seems to be especially important among children of parents having a high BMI.
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49
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Hughes I, Harris M, Cotterill A, Garnett S, Bannink E, Pennell C, Sly P, Leong GM, Cowell C, Ambler G, Werther G, Hofman P, Cutfield W, Choong CS. Comparison of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization references/standards for height in contemporary Australian children: analyses of the Raine Study and Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity cohorts. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:895-901. [PMID: 24953978 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM (i) To compare the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference and World Health Organization (WHO) standard/reference for height, particularly with respect to short stature and eligibility for growth hormone (GH) treatment by applying them to contemporary Australian children; (ii) To examine the implications for identifying short stature and eligibility for GH treatment. METHODS Children from the longitudinal Raine Study were serially measured for height from 1991 to 2005 (2-15-year-old girls (660) and boys (702) from Western Australia). In the cross-sectional Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity survey (2-16-year-old boys (2415) and girls (2379) from all states), height was measured in 2007. Heights were converted to standard deviation scores (SDSs) based on CDC and WHO. RESULTS Means and standard deviations of height-SDS varied between CDC and WHO definitions and with age and gender within each definition. However, both identified similar frequencies of short stature (<1st centile for GH eligibility), although these were very significantly less than the anticipated 1% (0.1-0.7%) of the Australian cohorts. Mean heights in the Australian cohorts were greater than both the WHO and CDC means. CONCLUSIONS Neither CDC nor WHO height standardisations accurately reflect the contemporary Australian child population. Australian children are taller than the CDC or WHO height means, and significantly less than 1% of Australian children are defined as being short using either CDC or WHO. This study suggests there may be a case for an Australian-specific standard/reference for height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hughes
- OZGROW, Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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50
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Oyhenart EE, Lomaglio DB, Dahinten SLV, Bejarano IF, Herráez Á, Cesani MF, Torres MF, Luis MA, Quintero FA, Alfaro EL, Orden AB, Bergel Sanchis ML, de Espinosa MGM, Garraza M, Luna ME, Forte LM, Mesa MS, Moreno Romero S, López-Ejeda N, Dipierri JE, Marrodán MD. Weight and height percentiles calculated by the LMS method in Argentinean schoolchildren. A comparative references study. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:439-46. [PMID: 25357226 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.968207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Argentinean population is characterized by ethnic, cultural and socio-economic diversity. AIM To calculate the percentiles of weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) of schoolchildren from Argentina employing the LMS method; and to compare the obtained percentiles with those of the international and national references. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Anthropometric data of 18 698 students (8672 girls and 10 026 boys) of 3-13 years old were collected (2003-2008) from Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Jujuy, La Pampa and Mendoza. Percentiles of W/A and H/A were obtained with the LMS method. Statistical and graphical comparisons were established with the WHO (international reference) and with that published by the Argentinean Paediatric Society (national reference). RESULTS Differences in W/A and H/A, regarding the references, were negative and greater at the highest percentiles and in most of the age groups. On average, the differences were greater for boys than girls and for national than international references. CONCLUSION The distribution of weight and height of schoolchildren, coming from most regions of the country, differs from those of national and international references. It should be advisable to establish a new national reference based on internationally recognized methodological criteria that adequately reflect the biological and cultural diversity of the Argentinean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelia E Oyhenart
- a Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo .,b Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Delia B Lomaglio
- c Centro de Estudios de Antropología Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Catamarca , San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca , Argentina
| | | | - Ignacio F Bejarano
- e Instituto de Biología de la Altura , Universidad Nacional de Jujuy , San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy , Argentina
| | - Ángel Herráez
- f Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Nutricional, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , España
| | - María F Cesani
- b Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María F Torres
- b Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina .,g Facultad de Filosofía y Letras , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina , and
| | | | - Fabián A Quintero
- a Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo .,b Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Emma L Alfaro
- e Instituto de Biología de la Altura , Universidad Nacional de Jujuy , San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy , Argentina
| | - Alicia B Orden
- h Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas, Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María L Bergel Sanchis
- b Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Marisa González-Montero de Espinosa
- f Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Nutricional, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , España
| | - Mariela Garraza
- b Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María E Luna
- b Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - María S Mesa
- f Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Nutricional, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , España
| | - Susana Moreno Romero
- f Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Nutricional, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , España
| | - Noemí López-Ejeda
- f Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Nutricional, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , España
| | - José E Dipierri
- e Instituto de Biología de la Altura , Universidad Nacional de Jujuy , San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy , Argentina
| | - María D Marrodán
- f Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Nutricional, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , España
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