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Liu Z, Chen Z, Yu G, Yang M, Zhang W, Zhang T, Han L. Ecosystem carbon use efficiency in ecologically vulnerable areas in China: Variation and influencing factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1062055. [PMID: 36578349 PMCID: PMC9791104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1062055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecologically vulnerable areas (EVAs) are regions with ecosystems that are fragile and vulnerable to degradation under external disturbances, e.g., environmental changes and human activities. A comprehensive understanding of the climate change characteristics of EVAs in China is of great guiding significance for ecological protection and economic development. The ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUEe) can be defined as the ratio of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to gross primary productivity (GPP), one of the most important ecological indicators of ecosystems, representing the capacity for carbon transfer from the atmosphere to a potential ecosystem carbon sink. Understanding the variation in the CUEe and its controlling factors is paramount for regional carbon budget evaluation. Although many CUEe studies have been performed, the spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of the CUEe are still unclear, especially in EVAs in China. In this study, we synthesized 55 field measurements (3 forestland sites, 37 grassland sites, 6 cropland sites, 9 wetland sites) of the CUEe to examine its variation and influencing factors in EVAs in China. The results showed that the CUEe in EVAs in China ranged from -0.39 to 0.67 with a mean value of 0.20. There were no significant differences in the CUEe among different vegetation types, but there were significant differences in CUEe among the different EVAs (agro-pastoral ecotones < Tibetan Plateau < arid and semiarid areas < Loess Plateau). The CUEe first decreased and then increased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) and decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP). The most important factors affecting the CUEe were biotic factors (NEP, GPP, and leaf area index (LAI)). Biotic factors directly affected the CUEe, while climate (MAT and MAP) and soil factors (soil pH and SOC) exerted indirect effects. The results illustrated the comprehensive effect of environmental factors and ecosystem attributes on CUEe variation, which is of great value for the evaluation of regional ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weikang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyou Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lang Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Hickey LJ, Nave LE, Nadelhoffer KJ, Clay C, Marini AI, Gough CM. Mechanistically-grounded pathways connect remotely sensed canopy structure to soil respiration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158267. [PMID: 36030858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Variation in the soil-to-atmosphere C flux, or soil respiration (Rs), is influenced by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors, including soil temperature, soil moisture, and root biomass. However, whether light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived canopy structure is tied to soil respiration through its simultaneous influence over these drivers is not known. We assessed relationships between measures of above- and belowground vegetation density and complexity, and evaluated whether Rs is linked to remotely sensed canopy structure through pathways mediated by established biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Our results revealed that, at the stand-scale, canopy rugosity-a measure of complexity-and vegetation area index were coupled to soil respiration through their effects on light interception, soil microclimate, and fine root mass density, but this connection was stronger for complexity. Canopy and root complexity were not spatially coupled at the stand-scale, with canopy but not root complexity increasing through stand development. Our findings suggest that remotely sensed canopy complexity could be used to infer spatial variation in Rs, and that this relationship is grounded in known mechanistic pathways. The broad spatial inference of soil respiration via remotely sensed canopy complexity requires multi-site observations of canopy structure and Rs, which is possible given burgeoning open data from ecological networks and satellite remote sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Hickey
- Biology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Lucas E Nave
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Knute J Nadelhoffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cameron Clay
- Biology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Gough CM, Bohrer G, Hardiman BS, Nave LE, Vogel CS, Atkins JW, Bond-Lamberty B, Fahey RT, Fotis AT, Grigri MS, Haber LT, Ju Y, Kleinke CL, Mathes KC, Nadelhoffer KJ, Stuart-Haëntjens E, Curtis PS. Disturbance-accelerated succession increases the production of a temperate forest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02417. [PMID: 34278647 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many secondary deciduous forests of eastern North America are approaching a transition in which mature early-successional trees are declining, resulting in an uncertain future for this century-long carbon (C) sink. We initiated the Forest Accelerated Succession Experiment (FASET) at the University of Michigan Biological Station to examine the patterns and mechanisms underlying forest C cycling following the stem girdling-induced mortality of >6,700 early-successional Populus spp. (aspen) and Betula papyrifera (paper birch). Meteorological flux tower-based C cycling observations from the 33-ha treatment forest have been paired with those from a nearby unmanipulated forest since 2008. Following over a decade of observations, we revisit our core hypothesis: that net ecosystem production (NEP) would increase following the transition to mid-late-successional species dominance due to increased canopy structural complexity. Supporting our hypothesis, NEP was stable, briefly declined, and then increased relative to the control in the decade following disturbance; however, increasing NEP was not associated with rising structural complexity but rather with a rapid 1-yr recovery of total leaf area index as mid-late-successional Acer, Quercus, and Pinus assumed canopy dominance. The transition to mid-late-successional species dominance improved carbon-use efficiency (CUE = NEP/gross primary production) as ecosystem respiration declined. Similar soil respiration rates in control and treatment forests, along with species differences in leaf physiology and the rising relative growth rates of mid-late-successional species in the treatment forest, suggest changes in aboveground plant respiration and growth were primarily responsible for increases in NEP. We conclude that deciduous forests transitioning from early to middle succession are capable of sustained or increased NEP, even when experiencing extensive tree mortality. This adds to mounting evidence that aging deciduous forests in the region will function as C sinks for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Gough
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Brady S Hardiman
- Forestry and Natural Resources and Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Lucas E Nave
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Pellston, Michigan, 49769, USA
| | - Christoph S Vogel
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Pellston, Michigan, 49769, USA
| | - Jeff W Atkins
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Robert T Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Alexander T Fotis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Maxim S Grigri
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Lisa T Haber
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Callie L Kleinke
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Kayla C Mathes
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Knute J Nadelhoffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Peter S Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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Collalti A, Ibrom A, Stockmarr A, Cescatti A, Alkama R, Fernández-Martínez M, Matteucci G, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P, Goll DS, Nabel JEMS, Pongratz J, Arneth A, Haverd V, Prentice IC. Forest production efficiency increases with growth temperature. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5322. [PMID: 33087724 PMCID: PMC7578801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest production efficiency (FPE) metric describes how efficiently the assimilated carbon is partitioned into plants organs (biomass production, BP) or-more generally-for the production of organic matter (net primary production, NPP). We present a global analysis of the relationship of FPE to stand-age and climate, based on a large compilation of data on gross primary production and either BP or NPP. FPE is important for both forest production and atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake. We find that FPE increases with absolute latitude, precipitation and (all else equal) with temperature. Earlier findings-FPE declining with age-are also supported by this analysis. However, the temperature effect is opposite to what would be expected based on the short-term physiological response of respiration rates to temperature, implying a top-down regulation of carbon loss, perhaps reflecting the higher carbon costs of nutrient acquisition in colder climates. Current ecosystem models do not reproduce this phenomenon. They consistently predict lower FPE in warmer climates, and are therefore likely to overestimate carbon losses in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), 06128, Perugia (PG), Italy
- University of Tuscia, Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Ibrom
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Environmental Engineering, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - A Stockmarr
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - R Alkama
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - M Fernández-Martínez
- Research group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - G Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - S Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - P Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et del'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - D S Goll
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - J E M S Nabel
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Pongratz
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr 37, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - A Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - V Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
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Lanning M, Wang L, Benson M, Zhang Q, Novick KA. Canopy isotopic investigation reveals different water uptake dynamics of maples and oaks. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 175:112389. [PMID: 32330693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Variations in drought responses exhibited by cohabiting tree species such as Acer sacharrum and Quercus alba have often been attributed to differences in rooting depth or water accessibility. A. sacharrum is thought to be a shallow rooted species, and is assumed to not have access to the deep and stable water resources available to Q. alba. As such, A. sacharrum conserves water by minimizing stomatal conductance under drought conditions whereas Q. alba does not. However, detailed records of sufficient temporal resolution which integrate water accessibility, meteorological drivers, and leaf level parameters (e.g., photosynthesis, stomatal conductance) are lacking, making such assumptions-though plausible- largely untested. In this study, we investigated the water accessibility of both maples (A. sacharrum) and oaks (Q. alba) during the late growing season using novel canopy stable isotope measurements. Our results showed that maples can draw from the same water pool as cohabitating oaks, but can also switch to a shallow water source in response to available moisture in the shallow soil profile. We also found that maples tended to use a deep water source under high vapor pressure deficit even when shallow soil water was available. On the other hand, oaks had consistent deep water access during our study period. It is noted that our measurements do not cover the whole growing season and should be extrapolated with caution. Such findings indicate that differences in leaf functions during drought between maples and oaks may be due to both soil water accessibility and atmospheric water demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lanning
- Department of Earth Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Michael Benson
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, 1315 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, 1315 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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6
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Xu B, Arain MA, Black TA, Law BE, Pastorello GZ, Chu H. Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:901-918. [PMID: 31529736 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate extremes such as heat waves and droughts are projected to occur more frequently with increasing temperature and an intensified hydrological cycle. It is important to understand and quantify how forest carbon fluxes respond to heat and drought stress. In this study, we developed a series of daily indices of sensitivity to heat and drought stress as indicated by air temperature (Ta ) and evaporative fraction (EF). Using normalized daily carbon fluxes from the FLUXNET Network for 34 forest sites in North America, the seasonal pattern of sensitivities of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) in response to Ta and EF anomalies were compared for different forest types. The results showed that warm temperatures in spring had a positive effect on NEP in conifer forests but a negative impact in deciduous forests. GEP in conifer forests increased with higher temperature anomalies in spring but decreased in summer. The drought-induced decrease in NEP, which mostly occurred in the deciduous forests, was mostly driven by the reduction in GEP. In conifer forests, drought had a similar dampening effect on both GEP and RE, therefore leading to a neutral NEP response. The NEP sensitivity to Ta anomalies increased with increasing mean annual temperature. Drier sites were less sensitive to drought stress in summer. Natural forests with older stand age tended to be more resilient to the climate stresses compared to managed younger forests. The results of the Classification and Regression Tree analysis showed that seasons and ecosystem productivity were the most powerful variables in explaining the variation of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stress. Our results implied that the magnitude and direction of carbon flux changes in response to climate extremes are highly dependent on the seasonal dynamics of forests and the timing of the climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences and McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences and McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beverly E Law
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gilberto Z Pastorello
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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El Masri B, Schwalm C, Huntzinger DN, Mao J, Shi X, Peng C, Fisher JB, Jain AK, Tian H, Poulter B, Michalak AM. Carbon and Water Use Efficiencies: A Comparative Analysis of Ten Terrestrial Ecosystem Models under Changing Climate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14680. [PMID: 31604972 PMCID: PMC6789101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems carbon and water cycles are tightly coupled through photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. The ratios of carbon stored to carbon uptake and water loss to carbon gain are key ecophysiological indicators essential to assess the magnitude and response of the terrestrial plant to the changing climate. Here, we use estimates from 10 terrestrial ecosystem models to quantify the impacts of climate, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and nitrogen (N) deposition on water use efficiency (WUE), and carbon use efficiency (CUE). We find that across models, WUE increases over the 20th Century particularly due to CO2 fertilization and N deposition and compares favorably to experimental studies. Also, the results show a decrease in WUE with climate for the last 3 decades, in contrasts with up-scaled flux observations that demonstrate a constant WUE. Modeled WUE responds minimally to climate with modeled CUE exhibiting no clear trend across space and time. The divergence between simulated and observationally-constrained WUE and CUE is driven by modeled NPP and autotrophic respiration, nitrogen cycle, carbon allocation, and soil moisture dynamics in current ecosystem models. We suggest that carbon-modeling community needs to reexamine stomatal conductance schemes and the soil-vegetation interactions for more robust modeling of carbon and water cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassil El Masri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY, 42071, USA.
| | - Christopher Schwalm
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, 02540, USA
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Deborah N Huntzinger
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, TN, USA
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Anna M Michalak
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Collalti A, Prentice IC. Is NPP proportional to GPP? Waring's hypothesis 20 years on. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1473-1483. [PMID: 30924876 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) is partitioned to autotrophic respiration (Ra) and net primary production (NPP), the latter being used to build plant tissues and synthesize non-structural and secondary compounds. Waring et al. (1998; Net primary production of forests: a constant fraction of gross primary production? Tree Physiol 18:129-134) suggested that a NPP:GPP ratio of 0.47 ± 0.04 (SD) is universal across biomes, tree species and stand ages. Representing NPP in models as a fixed fraction of GPP, they argued, would be both simpler and more accurate than trying to simulate Ra mechanistically. This paper reviews progress in understanding the NPP:GPP ratio in forests during the 20 years since the Waring et al. paper. Research has confirmed the existence of pervasive acclimation mechanisms that tend to stabilize the NPP:GPP ratio and indicates that Ra should not be modelled independently of GPP. Nonetheless, studies indicate that the value of this ratio is influenced by environmental factors, stand age and management. The average NPP:GPP ratio in over 200 studies, representing different biomes, species and forest stand ages, was found to be 0.46, consistent with the central value that Waring et al. proposed but with a much larger standard deviation (±0.12) and a total range (0.22-0.79) that is too large to be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende, CS, Italy
- Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change-Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services Division (CMCC-IAFES), Viterbo, Italy
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Zarandian A, Badamfirouz J, Musazadeh R, Rahmati A, Azimi SB. Scenario modeling for spatial-temporal change detection of carbon storage and sequestration in a forested landscape in Northern Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:474. [PMID: 30022379 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted, based on scenario modeling approach, in the Do-hezar and Se-hezar forested landscape in the Mazandaran Province in Northern Iran in order to detect spatial-temporal changes of carbon storage and sequestration in four different carbon pools, i.e., aboveground and belowground biomasses, dead organic matter, and organic soils. For this purpose, firstly, the changing trend of land use/land cover (LULC) was detected by analyzing and comparing remotely sensed data of the landscape during the period of 1984-2016. Then, the impacts of future LULC changes on carbon storage and sequestration were predicted and valued using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model under two future plausible scenarios of business as usual (BAU) and balanced development (BD). According to the results of BAU scenario, continuation of the current trend will lead to a significant reduction in the carbon sequestration and a huge amount of social cost due to the loss of carbon stored in the landscape and its release to the atmosphere. The BD scenario which refers to the principled and under control development of human settlements simultaneously with forest conservational and restoration activities, could potentially reverse the downtrend of carbon sequestration service and avoid future socioeconomic costs, hence add to the economic value of the forest landscape in terms of providing a better sink for carbon storage. The results of this research can facilitate the quantitative and accurate assessment of carbon storage and sequestration relying on more precise biophysical and economic data as well as provide insight for effective land-use planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Zarandian
- Research Group of Environmental Assessment and Risks, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Jalil Badamfirouz
- Research Group of Environmental Economics, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Roya Musazadeh
- Research Group of Environmental Economics, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmati
- Research Group of Environmental Assessment and Risks, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyedeh Bahareh Azimi
- Research Group of Environmental Assessment and Risks, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Fei X, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Sha L, Liu Y, Song Q, Zhou W, Liang N, Yu G, Zhang L, Zhou R, Li J, Zhang S, Li P. Eddy covariance and biometric measurements show that a savanna ecosystem in Southwest China is a carbon sink. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41025. [PMID: 28145459 PMCID: PMC5286525 DOI: 10.1038/srep41025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Savanna ecosystems play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. However, there is a gap in our understanding of carbon fluxes in the savanna ecosystems of Southeast Asia. In this study, the eddy covariance technique (EC) and the biometric-based method (BM) were used to determine carbon exchange in a savanna ecosystem in Southwest China. The BM-based net ecosystem production (NEP) was 0.96 tC ha−1 yr−1. The EC-based estimates of the average annual gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) were 6.84, 5.54, and −1.30 tC ha−1 yr−1, respectively, from May 2013 to December 2015, indicating that this savanna ecosystem acted as an appreciable carbon sink. The ecosystem was more efficient during the wet season than the dry season, so that it represented a small carbon sink of 0.16 tC ha−1 yr−1 in the dry season and a considerable carbon sink of 1.14 tC ha−1 yr−1 in the wet season. However, it is noteworthy that the carbon sink capacity may decline in the future under rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall. Consequently, further studies should assess how environmental factors and climate change will influence carbon-water fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Fei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanqiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Liqing Sha
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yuntong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Naishen Liang
- Global Carbon Cycle Research Section, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Guirui Yu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruiwu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
| | - Peiguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
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11
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Campioli M, Malhi Y, Vicca S, Luyssaert S, Papale D, Peñuelas J, Reichstein M, Migliavacca M, Arain MA, Janssens IA. Evaluating the convergence between eddy-covariance and biometric methods for assessing carbon budgets of forests. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13717. [PMID: 27966534 PMCID: PMC5171944 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eddy-covariance (EC) micro-meteorological technique and the ecology-based biometric methods (BM) are the primary methodologies to quantify CO2 exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere (net ecosystem production, NEP) and its two components, ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Here we show that EC and BM provide different estimates of NEP, but comparable ecosystem respiration and gross primary production for forest ecosystems globally. Discrepancies between methods are not related to environmental or stand variables, but are consistently more pronounced for boreal forests where carbon fluxes are smaller. BM estimates are prone to underestimation of net primary production and overestimation of leaf respiration. EC biases are not apparent across sites, suggesting the effectiveness of standard post-processing procedures. Our results increase confidence in EC, show in which conditions EC and BM estimates can be integrated, and which methodological aspects can improve the convergence between EC and BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Campioli
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Y. Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - S. Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - S. Luyssaert
- LSCE CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Papale
- DIBAF, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, CMCC, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - J. Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. Reichstein
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. Migliavacca
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. A. Arain
- School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - I. A. Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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12
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Performance of Linear and Nonlinear Two-Leaf Light Use Efficiency Models at Different Temporal Scales. REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs70302238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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The Carbon Cycle of a Maritime Ancient Temperate Broadleaved Woodland at Seasonal and Annual Scales. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Dillaway DN, Kruger EL. Trends in seedling growth and carbon-use efficiency vary among broadleaf tree species along a latitudinal transect in eastern North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:908-922. [PMID: 24130066 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Factors constraining the geographic ranges of broadleaf tree species in eastern North America were examined in common gardens along a ~1500 km latitudinal transect travers in grange boundaries of four target species: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) to the north vs. eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) to the south. In 2006 and 2007, carbon-use efficiency (CUE), the proportion of assimilated carbon retained in biomass, was estimated for seedlings of the four species as the quotient of relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthesis per unit tree mass (Atree ). In aspen and birch, CUE and RGR declined significantly with increasing growth temperature, which spanned 9 °C across gardens and years. The 37% (relative) CUE decrease from coolest to warmest garden correlated with increases in leaf nighttime respiration (Rleaf ) and the ratio of Rleaf to leaf photosynthesis (R%A ). For cottonwood and sweet gum, however, similar increases in Rleaf and R%A accompanied modest CUE declines, implying that processes other than Rleaf were responsible for species differences in CUE's temperature response. Our findings illustrate marked taxonomic variation, at least among young trees, in the thermal sensitivity of CUE, and point to potentially negative consequences of climate warming for the carbon balance, competitive ability, and persistence of two foundation species in northern temperate and boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Dillaway
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Unity College, Unity, ME 04988, USA
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15
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Multivariate Conditional Granger Causality Analysis for Lagged Response of Soil Respiration in a Temperate Forest. ENTROPY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/e15104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Guidolotti G, Rey A, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, De Angelis P. Effect of environmental variables and stand structure on ecosystem respiration components in a Mediterranean beech forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 33:960-972. [PMID: 24044943 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The temporal variability of ecosystem respiration (RECO) has been reported to have important effects on the temporal variability of net ecosystem exchange, the net amount of carbon exchanged between an ecosystem and the atmosphere. However, our understanding of ecosystem respiration is rather limited compared with photosynthesis or gross primary productivity, particularly in Mediterranean montane ecosystems. In order to investigate how environmental variables and forest structure (tree classes) affect different respiration components and RECO in a Mediterranean beech forest, we measured soil, stem and leaf CO2 efflux rates with dynamic chambers and RECO by the eddy-covariance technique over 1 year (2007-2008). Ecosystem respiration showed marked seasonal variation, with the highest rates in spring and autumn and the lowest in summer. We found that the soil respiration (SR) was mainly controlled by soil water content below a threshold value of 0.2 m(3) m(-3), above which the soil temperature explained temporal variation in SR. Stem CO2 effluxes were influenced by air temperature and difference between tree classes with higher rates measured in dominant trees than in co-dominant ones. Leaf respiration (LR) varied significantly between the two canopy layers considered. Non-structural carbohydrates were a very good predictor of LR variability. We used these measurements to scale up respiration components to ecosystem respiration for the whole canopy and obtained cumulative amounts of carbon losses over the year. Based on the up-scaled chamber measurements, the relative contributions of soil, stem and leaves to the total annual CO2 efflux were: 56, 8 and 36%, respectively. These results confirm that SR is the main contributor of ecosystem respiration and provided an insight on the driving factors of respiration in Mediterranean montane beech forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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17
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Ogutu BO, Dash J, Dawson TP. Developing a diagnostic model for estimating terrestrial vegetation gross primary productivity using the photosynthetic quantum yield and Earth Observation data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:2878-2892. [PMID: 23687009 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article develops a new carbon exchange diagnostic model [i.e. Southampton CARbon Flux (SCARF) model] for estimating daily gross primary productivity (GPP). The model exploits the maximum quantum yields of two key photosynthetic pathways (i.e. C3 and C4 ) to estimate the conversion of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation into GPP. Furthermore, this is the first model to use only the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by photosynthetic elements of the canopy (i.e. FAPARps ) rather than total canopy, to predict GPP. The GPP predicted by the SCARF model was comparable to in situ GPP measurements (R(2) > 0.7) in most of the evaluated biomes. Overall, the SCARF model predicted high GPP in regions dominated by forests and croplands, and low GPP in shrublands and dry-grasslands across USA and Europe. The spatial distribution of GPP from the SCARF model over Europe and conterminous USA was comparable to those from the MOD17 GPP product except in regions dominated by croplands. The SCARF model GPP predictions were positively correlated (R(2) > 0.5) to climatic and biophysical input variables indicating its sensitivity to factors controlling vegetation productivity. The new model has three advantages, first, it prescribes only two quantum yield terms rather than species specific light use efficiency terms; second, it uses only the fraction of PAR absorbed by photosynthetic elements of the canopy (FAPARps ) hence capturing the actual PAR used in photosynthesis; and third, it does not need a detailed land cover map that is a major source of uncertainty in most remote sensing based GPP models. The Sentinel satellites planned for launch in 2014 by the European Space Agency have adequate spectral channels to derive FAPARps at relatively high spatial resolution (20 m). This provides a unique opportunity to produce global GPP operationally using the Southampton CARbon Flux (SCARF) model at high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Booker O Ogutu
- Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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18
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Gough CM, Hardiman BS, Nave LE, Bohrer G, Maurer KD, Vogel CS, Nadelhoffer KJ, Curtis PS. Sustained carbon uptake and storage following moderate disturbance in a Great Lakes forest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 23:1202-1215. [PMID: 23967586 DOI: 10.1890/12-1554.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) uptake rates in many forests are sustained, or decline only briefly, following disturbances that partially defoliate the canopy. The mechanisms supporting such functional resistance to moderate forest disturbance are largely unknown. We used a large-scale experiment, in which > 6700 Populus (aspen) and Betula (birch) trees were stem-girdled within a 39-ha area, to identify mechanisms sustaining C uptake through partial canopy defoliation. The Forest Accelerated Succession Experiment in northern Michigan, USA, employs a suite of C-cycling measurements within paired treatment and control meteorological flux tower footprints. We found that enhancement of canopy light-use efficiency and maintenance of light absorption maintained net ecosystem production (NEP) and aboveground wood net primary production (NPP) when leaf-area index (LAI) of the treatment forest temporarily declined by nearly half its maximum value. In the year following peak defoliation, redistribution of nitrogen (N) in the treatment forest from senescent early successional aspen and birch to non-girdled later successional species facilitated the recovery of total LAI to pre-disturbance levels. Sustained canopy physiological competency following disturbance coincided with a downward shift in maximum canopy height, indicating that compensatory photosynthetic C uptake by undisturbed, later successional subdominant and subcanopy vegetation supported C-uptake resistance to disturbance. These findings have implications for ecosystem management and modeling, demonstrating that forests may tolerate considerable leaf-area losses without diminishing rates of C uptake. We conclude that the resistance of C uptake to moderate disturbance depends not only on replacement of lost leaf area, but also on rapid compensatory photosynthetic C uptake during defoliation by emerging later successional species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Gough
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biology, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012, USA.
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19
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Addition of external organic carbon and native soil organic carbon decomposition: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54779. [PMID: 23405095 PMCID: PMC3566129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of external organic Carbon on native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition. However, the direction and extent of this effect reported by different authors is inconsistent. Objective The objective was to provide a synthesis of existing data that comprehensively and quantitatively evaluates how the soil chemical properties and incubation conditions interact with additional external organic C to affect the native SOC decomposition. Data Source A meta-analysis was conducted on previously published empirical studies that examined the effect of the addition of external organic carbon on the native SOC decomposition through isotopic techniques. Results and Conclusions The addition of external organic C, when averaged across all studies, enhanced the native SOC decomposition by 26.5%. The soil with higher SOC content and fine texture showed significantly higher priming effects, whereas the soil with higher total nitrogen content showed an opposite trend. The soils with higher C:N ratios had significantly stronger priming effects than those with low C:N ratios. The decomposition of native SOC was significantly enhanced more at early stage of incubation (<15d) than at the later stages (>15d). In addition, the incubation temperature and the addition rate of organic matter significantly influenced the native SOC decomposition in response to the addition of external organic C.
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20
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Nave LE, Gough CM, Maurer KD, Bohrer G, Hardiman BS, Le Moine J, Munoz AB, Nadelhoffer KJ, Sparks JP, Strahm BD, Vogel CS, Curtis PS. Disturbance and the resilience of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in a north temperate forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Xu J, Chen J, Brosofske K, Li Q, Weintraub M, Henderson R, Wilske B, John R, Jensen R, Li H, Shao C. Influence of Timber Harvesting Alternatives on Forest Soil Respiration and Its Biophysical Regulatory Factors over a 5-year Period in the Missouri Ozarks. Ecosystems 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-011-9482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Hardiman BS, Bohrer G, Gough CM, Vogel CS, Curtis PS. The role of canopy structural complexity in wood net primary production of a maturing northern deciduous forest. Ecology 2011; 92:1818-27. [DOI: 10.1890/10-2192.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Ise T, Litton CM, Giardina CP, Ito A. Comparison of modeling approaches for carbon partitioning: Impact on estimates of global net primary production and equilibrium biomass of woody vegetation from MODIS GPP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Phenological and Temperature Controls on the Temporal Non-Structural Carbohydrate Dynamics of Populus grandidentata and Quercus rubra. FORESTS 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/f1010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Guzman JG, Al-Kaisi MM. Soil carbon dynamics and carbon budget of newly reconstructed tall-grass prairies in south central Iowa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:136-146. [PMID: 20048301 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2009.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their aesthetic and environmental qualities, reconstructed prairies can act as C sinks and potentially offset rising atmospheric CO(2) concentration. The objective of this study was to quantify C budget components of newly established prairies on previously cultivated land. Net ecosystem production (NEP) was estimated using a C budgeting approach that assessed SOC content, soil surface CO(2)-C emission, and above- and belowground plant biomass. Study was conducted in southern Iowa, in 2005 to 2007. Results show that differences between sites for potential total C input were primarily due to root biomass contributions, which ranged from 0.8 to 5.4 Mg C ha(-1). Average potential aboveground biomass C input was 2.7 Mg C ha(-1) in 2006 and 5.5 Mg C ha(-1) in 2007. Total soil CO(2)-C emissions from heterotrophic respiration increased as prairie age increased from 2.9 to 4.0 Mg C ha(-1) and 3.1 to 4.7 Mg C ha(-1) in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Determination of NEP showed that the 1998 and 2003 reconstructed prairie sites had the greatest potential for soil C sequestration at 4.1 and 4.4 Mg C ha(-1). Increases in SOC content were only observed in the youngest established prairie site (2003) and the no-till site in 2003 at 2.1 and 2.6 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. Declines of SOC sequestration rates occurred when potential C equilibrium was reached (R(h) = NPP) within 10 yr since prairie establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G Guzman
- Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-1010, USA
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Muraoka H, Koizumi H. Satellite Ecology (SATECO)-linking ecology, remote sensing and micrometeorology, from plot to regional scale, for the study of ecosystem structure and function. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2009; 122:3-20. [PMID: 18958540 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-008-0188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing requirement for ecosystem science to help inform a deeper understanding of the effects of global climate change and land use change on terrestrial ecosystem structure and function, from small area (plot) to landscape, regional and global scales. To meet these requirements, ecologists have investigated plant growth and carbon cycling processes at plot scale, using biometric methods to measure plant carbon accumulation, and gas exchange (chamber) methods to measure soil respiration. Also at the plot scale, micrometeorologists have attempted to measure canopy- or ecosystem-scale CO(2) flux by the eddy covariance technique, which reveals diurnal, seasonal and annual cycles. Mathematical models play an important role in integrating ecological and micrometeorological processes into ecosystem scales, which are further useful in interpreting time-accumulated information derived from biometric methods by comparing with CO(2) flux measurements. For a spatial scaling of such plot-level understanding, remote sensing via satellite is used to measure land use/vegetation type distribution and temporal changes in ecosystem structures such as leaf area index. However, to better utilise such data, there is still a need for investigations that consider the structure and function of ecosystems and their processes, especially in mountainous areas characterized by complex terrain and a mosaic distribution of vegetation. For this purpose, we have established a new interdisciplinary approach named 'Satellite Ecology', which aims to link ecology, remote sensing and micrometeorology to facilitate the study of ecosystem function, at the plot, landscape, and regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Muraoka
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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27
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Gough CM, Vogel CS, Schmid HP, Curtis PS. Controls on Annual Forest Carbon Storage: Lessons from the Past and Predictions for the Future. Bioscience 2008. [DOI: 10.1641/b580708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Cavaleri MA, Oberbauer SF, Ryan MG. Foliar and ecosystem respiration in an old-growth tropical rain forest. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:473-483. [PMID: 18182017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Foliar respiration is a major component of ecosystem respiration, yet extrapolations are often uncertain in tropical forests because of indirect estimates of leaf area index (LAI). A portable tower was used to directly measure LAI and night-time foliar respiration from 52 vertical transects throughout an old-growth tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. In this study, we (1) explored the effects of structural, functional and environmental variables on foliar respiration; (2) extrapolated foliar respiration to the ecosystem; and (3) estimated ecosystem respiration. Foliar respiration temperature response was constant within plant functional group, and foliar morphology drove much of the within-canopy variability in respiration and foliar nutrients. Foliar respiration per unit ground area was 3.5 +/- 0.2 micromol CO2 m(-2) s(-1), and ecosystem respiration was 9.4 +/- 0.5 micromol CO2 m(-2) s(-1)[soil = 41%; foliage = 37%; woody = 14%; coarse woody debris (CWD) = 7%]. When modelled with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) year temperatures, foliar respiration was 9% greater than when modelled with temperatures from a normal year, which is in the range of carbon sink versus source behaviour for this forest. Our ecosystem respiration estimate from component fluxes was 33% greater than night-time net ecosystem exchange for the same forest, suggesting that studies reporting a large carbon sink for tropical rain forests based solely on eddy flux measurements may be in error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Cavaleri
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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29
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Hill KA, Shepson PB, Galbavy ES, Anastasio C. Measurement of wet deposition of inorganic and organic nitrogen in a forest environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jg000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Hill
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Paul B. Shepson
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Edward S. Galbavy
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
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