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Wang J, Li SP, Ge Y, Wang XY, Gao S, Chen T, Yu FH. Darwin's naturalization conundrum reconciled by changes of species interactions. Ecology 2023; 104:e3850. [PMID: 36173233 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although phylogenetic distance between native and exotic species has a close link with their interactions, it is still unclear how environmental stresses and species interactions influence the relationship between phylogenetic distance and biological invasions. Here we assessed the effect of invader-native phylogenetic distance on the growth of the invader (Symphyotrichum subulatum) under three levels of drought (no, moderate, or intense drought). Under no drought, interspecific competition between close relatives was the dominant process and native communities more closely related to the invader showed higher resistance to invasion, supporting Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. In contrast, under intense drought, facilitation between close relatives by mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) became more important, and the invader became more successful in their more closely related native communities, supporting the preadaptation hypothesis. The colonization rate of AMF of the invader was higher in more closely related native communities regardless of the drought treatment, but it was only positively related to invader biomass under intense drought. Therefore, the shift of species interactions from competition to facilitation may be ascribed to the promotion of AMF to invasion occurring under intense drought, which leads to the effect of closely related natives on the invader shifting from negative to positive. Our results provide a new angle to resolve Darwin's naturalization conundrum from the change of species interactions along a stress gradient, and provide important clues for invasion management when species interactions change in response to global climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Fall F, Sanguin H, Fall D, Tournier E, Bakhoum N, Ndiaye C, Diouf D, Bâ AM. Changes in Intraspecific Diversity of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community Involved in Plant-Plant Interactions Between Sporobolus robustus Kunth and Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC Along an Environmental Gradient. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:886-898. [PMID: 34245330 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The intensification of biological processes coping with salt stress became a major issue to mitigate land degradation. The Sine-Saloum Delta in Senegal is characterized by salt-affected soils with vegetation dominated by salt-tolerant grass Sporobolus robustus and shrubs like Prosopis juliflora. Plant experiments in controlled conditions suggested that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi might be the key actors of facilitation process observed between S. robustus and P. juliflora, but the AM fungal community determinants are largely unknown. The current field-based study aimed at (1) characterizing the environmental drivers (rhizosphere physico-chemical properties, plant type and season) of the AM fungal community along an environmental gradient and (2) identifying the AM fungal taxa that might explain the S. robustus-mediated benefits to P. juliflora. Glomeraceae predominated in the two plants, but a higher richness was observed for S. robustus. The pH and salinity were the main drivers of AM fungal community associated with the two plants, negatively impacting richness and diversity. However, while a negative impact was also observed on mycorrhizal colonization for S. robustus, P. juliflora showed opposite colonization patterns. Furthermore, no change was observed in terms of AM fungal community dissimilarity between the two plants along the environmental gradient as would be expected according to the stress-gradient and complementary hypotheses when a facilitation process occurs. However, changes in intraspecific diversity of shared AM fungal community between the two plants were observed, highlighting 23 AM fungal OTUs associated with both plants and the highest salinity levels. Consequently, the increase of their abundance and frequency along the environmental gradient might suggest their potential role in the facilitation process that can take place between the two plants. Their use in ecological engineering could also represent promising avenues for improving vegetation restoration in saline Senegalese's lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatoumata Fall
- LCM Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, IRD, ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal
- LAPSE Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation Des Plantes Et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hervé Sanguin
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, 34090, Montpellier, France.
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Dioumacor Fall
- LCM Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, IRD, ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques (CNRA), Bambey, Senegal
| | - Estelle Tournier
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, 34090, Montpellier, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Niokhor Bakhoum
- LCM Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, IRD, ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal
- LAPSE Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation Des Plantes Et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
- Département Environnement, Biodiversité Et Développement Durable, Université du Sine Saloum El-Hadj Ibrahima NIASS (USSEIN), Kaolack, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Ndiaye
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Diégane Diouf
- Département Environnement, Biodiversité Et Développement Durable, Université du Sine Saloum El-Hadj Ibrahima NIASS (USSEIN), Kaolack, Senegal
| | - Amadou Mustapha Bâ
- Laboratoire de Biologie Et Physiologie Végétales, Université Des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
- LSTM, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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3
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Faghihinia M, Jansa J. Mycorrhiza governs plant-plant interactions through preferential allocation of shared nutritional resources: A triple ( 13C, 15N and 33P) labeling study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1047270. [PMID: 36589136 PMCID: PMC9799978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-plant interactions and coexistence can be directly mediated by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi through asymmetric resource exchange between the plant and fungal partners. However, little is known about the effects of AM fungal presence on resource allocation in mixed plant stands. Here, we examined how phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) resources were distributed between coexisting con- and heterospecific plant individuals in the presence or absence of AM fungus, using radio- and stable isotopes. Congeneric plant species, Panicum bisulcatum and P. maximum, inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis, were grown in two different culture systems, mono- and mixed-species stands. Pots were subjected to different shading regimes to manipulate C sink-source strengths. In monocultures, P. maximum gained more mycorrhizal phosphorus uptake benefits than P.bisulcatum. However, in the mixed culture, the AM fungus appeared to preferentially transfer nutrients (33P and 15N) to P.bisulcatum compared to P. maximum. Further, we observed higher 13C allocation to mycorrhiza by P.bisulcatum in mixed- compared to the mono-systems, which likely contributed to improved competitiveness in the mixed cultures of P.bisulcatum vs. P. maximum regardless of the shading regime. Our results suggest that the presence of mycorrhiza influenced competitiveness of the two Panicum species in mixed stands in favor of those with high quality partner, P. bisulcatum, which provided more C to the mycorrhizal networks. However, in mono-species systems where the AM fungus had no partner choice, even the lower quality partner (i.e., P.maximum) could also have benefitted from the symbiosis. Future research should separate the various contributors (roots vs. common mycorrhizal network) and mechanisms of resource exchange in such a multifaceted interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maede Faghihinia
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Jansa,
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Dong Q, Guo X, Chen K, Ren S, Muneer MA, Zhang J, Li Y, Ji B. Phylogenetic Correlation and Symbiotic Network Explain the Interdependence Between Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Tibetan Alpine Meadow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:804861. [PMID: 34975995 PMCID: PMC8718876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.804861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form complex symbiotic networks based on functional trait selection, contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity and stability. However, the selectivity of host plants on AMF and the characteristics of plant-AMF networks remain unclear in Tibetan alpine meadows. In this study, we studied the AMF communities in 69 root samples from 23 plant species in a Tibetan alpine meadow using Illumina-MiSeq sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the phylogenetic distances of plant species and the taxonomic dissimilarity of their AMF community. The plant-AMF network was characterized by high connectance, high nestedness, anti-modularity, and anti-specialization, and the phylogenetic signal from plants was stronger than that from AMF. The high connected and nested plant-AMF network potentially promoted the interdependence and stability of the plant-AMF symbioses in Tibetan alpine meadows. This study emphasizes that plant phylogeny and plant-AMF networks play an important role in the coevolution of host plants and their mycorrhizal partners and enhance our understanding of the interactions between aboveground and belowground communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Ren
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Atif Muneer
- College of Resources and Environment, International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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5
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Yao H, Sun X, He C, Li XC, Guo LD. Host identity is more important in structuring bacterial epiphytes than endophytes in a tropical mangrove forest. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5800982. [PMID: 32149339 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between plants and microbes are involved in biodiversity maintenance, community stability and ecosystem functioning. However, differences in the community and network structures between phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic bacteria have rarely been investigated. Here, we examined phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic bacterial communities of six mangrove species using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed that the community structure of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria was different. Plant identity significantly affected the diversity and community structure of both epiphytic and endophytic bacteria, with a greater effect on the community structure of the former than the latter. Network analysis showed that both plant-epiphytic and plant-endophytic bacterial network structures were characterized by significantly highly specialized and modular but lowly connected and anti-nested properties. Furthermore, the epiphytic bacterial network was more highly specialized and modular but less connected and more strongly anti-nested than the endophytic bacterial network. This study reveals that the phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic bacterial community structures differ and plant identity has a greater effect on the epiphytic than on the endophytic bacteria, which may provide a comprehensive insight into the role of plant identity in driving the phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic microbial community structures in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Duarte M, Verdú M, Cavieres LA, Bustamante RO. Plant–plant facilitation increases with reduced phylogenetic relatedness along an elevation gradient. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milen Duarte
- Dept de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. de Chile Santiago Chile
- Inst. de Ecología y Biodiversidad Santiago Chile
| | - Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE CSIC‐UV‐GV), Apartado Oficial Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Lohengrin A. Cavieres
- Inst. de Ecología y Biodiversidad Santiago Chile
- Dept de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Univ. de Concepción Chile
| | - Ramiro O. Bustamante
- Dept de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. de Chile Santiago Chile
- Inst. de Ecología y Biodiversidad Santiago Chile
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7
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Perea AJ, Garrido JL, Fedriani JM, Rey PJ, Alcántara JM. Pathogen life-cycle leaves footprint on the spatial distribution of recruitment of their host plants. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Wang X, Hoffland E, Feng G, Kuyper TW. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis increases phosphorus uptake and productivity of mixtures of maize varieties compared to monocultures. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Xin Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Mountain Area Research InstituteHebei Agricultural University Baoding People's Republic of China
- Soi Biology Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Hebei Agricultural University Baoding People's Republic of China
| | - Ellis Hoffland
- Soi Biology Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas W. Kuyper
- Soi Biology Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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9
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Doudová J, Douda J. Along with intraspecific functional trait variation, individual performance is key to resolving community assembly processes. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Doudová
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Douda
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
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10
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Zhang Q, Holyoak M, Goodale E, Liu Z, Shen Y, Liu J, Zhang M, Dong A, Zou F. Trait-environment relationships differ between mixed-species flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages. Ecology 2020; 101:e03124. [PMID: 32564355 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypotheses about the mechanisms of community assembly suggest that biotic and abiotic filters constrain species establishment through selection on their functional traits. It is unclear how differences in traits influence the niche dimensions of closely related bird species when they coexist in spatiotemporally heterogeneous environments. Further, it is necessary to take into account their participation in mixed-species flocks, social systems that can include both competition and facilitation. For 6 yr, we conducted counts of forest bird species and took measurements of environmental variables along an elevational gradient in the Nanling Mountains, China. To disentangle different deterministic and historical/stochastic processes between flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages, we first compared phylogenetic and functional structure, and community-weighted mean trait values (CWM). We further assessed elevational variations in trait-environment relationships. We found that the flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages were structured by environmental gradients in contrasting ways. The nonflocking assemblage showed a strong change from over-dispersed to clustered community structure with increasing elevations, consistent with the strong selective pressures of a harsh environment (i.e., environmental filtering). The nonflocking assemblage also displayed significant trait-environment relationships in bivariate correlations and multivariate ordination space, including specific morphological and foraging traits that are linked to vegetation characteristics (e.g., short trees at high elevations). By contrast, flocking birds were more resilient to habitat change with elevation, with relatively consistent community membership, and showed fewer trait-environment associations. CWM of traits that are known to be associated with species' propensity to join mixed-species flocks, including small body size and broad habitat specificity, were linked to the flocking assemblage consistently across the elevational gradient. Collectively, our trait-based analyses provide strong evidence that trait-environment relationships differ between flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages. Besides serving as bellwethers of changing environments, emergent properties of flock systems may increase the resilience of animal communities undergoing environmental change. Mixed-species flocks present an ideal model with which to explore cooccurrence of closely related species, because habitat filtering may be buffered, and the patterns observed are therefore the outcomes of species interactions including both competition and facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhifa Liu
- Nanling National Nature Reserve, Shaoguan, 512727, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Anqiang Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Fasheng Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
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11
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Bachelot B, Alonso-Rodríguez AM, Aldrich-Wolfe L, Cavaleri MA, Reed SC, Wood TE. Altered climate leads to positive density-dependent feedbacks in a tropical wet forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3417-3428. [PMID: 32196863 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to result in warmer and drier Neotropical forests relative to current conditions. Negative density-dependent feedbacks, mediated by natural enemies, are key to maintaining the high diversity of tree species found in the tropics, yet we have little understanding of how projected changes in climate are likely to affect these critical controls. Over 3 years, we evaluated the effects of a natural drought and in situ experimental warming on density-dependent feedbacks on seedling demography in a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico. In the +4°C warming treatment, we found that seedling survival increased with increasing density of the same species (conspecific). These positive density-dependent feedbacks were not associated with a decrease in aboveground natural enemy pressure. If positive density-dependent feedbacks are not transient, the diversity of tropical wet forests, which may rely on negative density dependence to drive diversity, could decline in a future warmer, drier world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aura M Alonso-Rodríguez
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Jardín Botánico Sur, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura Aldrich-Wolfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Molly A Cavaleri
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Sasha C Reed
- Southwest Biological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Tana E Wood
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Jardín Botánico Sur, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
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12
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Montesinos-Navarro A, Pérez-Clemente RM, Sánchez-Martín R, Gómez-Cadenas A, Verdú M. Phylogenetic analysis of secondary metabolites in a plant community provides evidence for trade-offs between biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Chimal-Sánchez E, Senés-Guerrero C, Varela L, Montaño NM, García-Sánchez R, Pacheco A, Montaño-Arias SA, Camargo-Ricalde SL. Septoglomus mexicanum, a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from semiarid regions in Mexico. Mycologia 2019; 112:121-132. [PMID: 31750794 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1671147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Septoglomus mexicanum is here described as a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota) based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. It was isolated from rhizospheric soil of two endemic Mexican legumes: Prosopis laevigata and Mimosa luisana, which grow in semiarid regions of central Mexico. Septoglomus mexicanum is characterized by forming globose spores of (154.5-)202.8(-228.9) µm diam and a spore wall consisting of four layers (SWL1-SWL4): outer wall layer (SWL1) hyaline, evanescent, (1.7-)3.2(-4.3) µm thick; SWL2 laminate and smooth, orange to reddish orange, (3.1-)4.5(-6.1) µm thick; SWL3 laminate, smooth, reddish orange to reddish brown, (4.1-)5.1(-5.7) µm thick; and SWL4 hyaline, semiflexible, (0.93-)1.2(-1.4) µm thick. None of the spore wall layers stain with Melzer's reagent. The subtending hypha has a color from yellowish to golden and presents a septum on spore base. Septoglomus mexicanum can be distinguished from all other Septoglomus species by spore size and color, by spore wall structure (four layers), and by color change of the subtending hypha. Phylogenetic analysis based on the AMF extended DNA barcode covering a 1.5-kb fragment of the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), and the large subunit (LSU) of rRNA genes places S. mexicanum in the genus Septoglomus, separated from other described Septoglomus species, especially S. turnauae, with whom it could be confused morphologically. All available sequences in public databases suggest that this new fungal species has not yet been previously detected. Thus, there are currently 149 Glomeromycota species registered in Mexico, representing 47.4% of the known species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Chimal-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Zonas Áridas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónomade México, C.P. 09230, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Senés-Guerrero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México C.P. 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Lucía Varela
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Noé Manuel Montaño
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosalva García-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Zonas Áridas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónomade México, C.P. 09230, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adriana Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Susana A Montaño-Arias
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México.,Programa de Botánica, Instituto de Recursos Naturales, Colegio de Posgraduados campus Montecillo, C.P. 56230 Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
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14
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Montesinos-Navarro A, Valiente-Banuet A, Verdú M. Plant facilitation through mycorrhizal symbiosis is stronger between distantly related plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:928-935. [PMID: 31291473 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tendency of closely related plant species to share natural enemies has been suggested to limit their co-occurrence and performance, but we lack a deep understanding on how mutualistic interactions such as the mycorrhizal symbiosis affect plant-plant interactions depending on the phylogenetic relatedness of the interacting plants. We hypothesise that the effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant-plant facilitative interactions depends on the phylogenetic distance between the nurse and facilitated plants. A recently published meta-analysis compiled the strength of plant facilitative interactions in the presence or absence (or reduced abundance) of mycorrhizal fungi. We use phylogenetically informed Bayesian linear models to test whether the effect size is influenced by the phylogenetic distance between the plant species involved in each plant facilitative interaction. Conspecific facilitative interactions are more strongly enhanced by mycorrhizal fungi than interactions between closely related species. In heterospecific interactions, the effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant facilitation increases with the phylogenetic distance between the nurse and facilitated plant species. Our result showing that the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the facilitation interactions between plants depends on their phylogenetic relatedness provides new mechanisms to understand how facilitation is assembling ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Montesinos-Navarro
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valiente-Banuet
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-275, México, D. F, C. P. 04510, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F, 04510, México
| | - Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
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15
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Montesinos-Navarro A, Valiente-Banuet A, Verdú M. Processes underlying the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant-plant interactions. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Sortibrán L, Verdú M, Valiente-Banuet A. A nurse plant benefits from facilitative interactions through mycorrhizae. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:670-676. [PMID: 30537030 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant facilitation promotes coexistence by maintaining differences in the regeneration niche because some nurse species recruit under arid conditions, whereas facilitated species recruit under more mesic conditions. In one Mexican community, 95% of species recruit through facilitation; Mimosa luisana being a keystone nurse for many of them. M. luisana individuals manifest greater fitness when growing in association with their facilitated plants than when growing in isolation. This observation suggests that nurses also benefit from their facilitated plants, a benefit thought to be mediated by mycorrhizal fungi. Under field conditions, we experimentally tested whether mycorrhizal fungi mediate the increased fitness that M. luisana experiences when growing in association with its facilitated plants. We applied fungicide to the soil for nurse plants growing alone and growing in association with their facilitated plants in order to reduce the mycorrhizal colonisation of roots. We then assessed the quantity and quality of seed production of M. luisana in four treatments (isolated-control, isolated-fungicide, associated-control and associated-fungicide). Fungicide application reduced the percentage root length colonised by mycorrhizae and reduced fitness of M. luisana when growing in association with their facilitated plants but not when growing in isolation. This reduction was reflected in the total number of seeds, number of seeds per pod, seed mass and seed viability. These results suggest that nurses benefit from the presence of their facilitated plants through links established by mycorrhizae, indicating that both plants and belowground mutualistic communities are all part of one system, coexisting by means of intrinsically linked interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sortibrán
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Valiente-Banuet
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad Ciudad Universitaria México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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17
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Yao H, Sun X, He C, Maitra P, Li XC, Guo LD. Phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic fungal community and network structures differ in a tropical mangrove ecosystem. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:57. [PMID: 30967154 PMCID: PMC6456958 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Revealing the relationship between plants and fungi is very important in understanding biodiversity maintenance, community stability, and ecosystem functioning. However, differences in the community and network structures of phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic fungi are currently poorly documented. In this study, we examined epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities associated with the leaves of six mangrove species using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences. RESULTS A total of 635 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of endophytic and epiphytic fungi were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level; they were dominated by Dothideomycetes and Tremellomycetes. Plant identity had a significant effect on the OTU richness of endophytic fungi, but not on epiphytic fungi. The community composition of epiphytic and endophytic fungi was significantly different, and plant identity had a greater effect on endophytic fungi than on epiphytic fungi. Network analysis showed that both epiphytic and endophytic network structures were characterized by significantly highly specialized and modular but lowly connected and anti-nested properties. Furthermore, the endophytic network had higher levels of specialization and modularity but lower connectance and stronger anti-nestedness than the epiphytic network. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities differ, and plant identity has a greater effect on the endophytic fungi than on epiphytic fungi. These findings demonstrate the role of host plant identity in driving phyllosphere epiphytic and endophytic community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pulak Maitra
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Chen K, Burgess KS, Yang X, Luo Y, Gao L, Li D. Functional trade-offs and the phylogenetic dispersion of seed traits in a biodiversity hotspot of the Mountains of Southwest China. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2218-2230. [PMID: 29468038 PMCID: PMC5817125 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of traits associated with plant regeneration is often shaped by functional trade-offs where plants typically do not excel at every function because resources allocated to one function cannot be allocated to another. By analyzing correlations among seed traits, empirical studies have shown that there is a trade-off between seedling development and the occupation of new habitats, although only a small range of taxa have been tested; whether such trade-off exists in a biodiverse and complex landscape remains unclear. Here, we amassed seed trait data of 1,119 species from a biodiversity hotspot of the Mountains of Southwest China and analyzed the relationship between seed mass and the number of seeds and between seed mass and time to germination. Our results showed that seed mass was negatively correlated with seed number but positively correlated with time to germination. The same trend was found regardless of variation in life-form and phylogenetic conservatism. Furthermore, the relation between seed mass and other seed traits was randomly dispersed across the phylogeny at both the order and family levels. Collectively, results suggest that there is a functional trade-off between seedling development and new habitat occupation for seed plants in this region. Larger seeds tend to produce fewer seedlings but with greater fitness compared to those produced by smaller seeds, whereas smaller seeds tend to have a larger number of seeds that germinate faster compared to large-seeded species. Apart from genetic constraints, species that produce large seeds will succeed in sites where resource availability is low, whereas species with high colonization ability (those that produce a high number of seeds per fruit) will succeed in new niches. This study provides a mechanistic explanation for the relatively high levels of plant diversity currently found in a heterogeneous region of the Mountains of Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- School of Resources and the EnvironmentBaoshan UniversityBaoshanChina
| | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of BiologyCollege of Letters and SciencesColumbus State UniversityUniversity System of GeorgiaColumbusGAUSA
| | - Xiang‐Yun Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Ya‐Huang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Lian‐Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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19
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Geoffroy A, Sanguin H, Galiana A, Bâ A. Molecular Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in an Agroforestry System Reveals the Predominance of Funneliformis spp. Associated with Colocasia esculenta and Pterocarpus officinalis Adult Trees and Seedlings. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1426. [PMID: 28804479 PMCID: PMC5532380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterocarpus officinalis (Jacq.) is a leguminous forestry tree species endemic to Caribbean swamp forests. In Guadeloupe, smallholder farmers traditionally cultivate flooded taro (Colocasia esculenta) cultures under the canopy of P. officinalis stands. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the sustainability of this traditional agroforestry system has been suggested but the composition and distribution of AM fungi colonizing the leguminous tree and/or taro are poorly characterized. An in-depth characterization of root-associated AM fungal communities from P. officinalis adult trees and seedlings and taro cultures, sampled in two localities of Guadeloupe, was performed by pyrosequencing (GS FLX+) of partial 18S rRNA gene. The AM fungal community was composed of 215 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to eight fungal families dominated by Glomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Results revealed a low AM fungal community membership between P. officinalis and C. esculenta. However, certain AM fungal community taxa (10% of total community) overlapped between P. officinalis and C. esculenta, notably predominant Funneliformis OTUs. These findings provide new perspectives in deciphering the significance of Funneliformis in nutrient exchange between P. officinalis and C. esculenta by forming a potential mycorrhizal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, L’Unité de Formation des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité Mixte de Recherche LSTM, Université des AntillesPointe-à-Pitre, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche LTSM, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le DéveloppementMontpellier, France
| | - Hervé Sanguin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche LTSM, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le DéveloppementMontpellier, France
| | - Antoine Galiana
- Unité Mixte de Recherche LTSM, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le DéveloppementMontpellier, France
| | - Amadou Bâ
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, L’Unité de Formation des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité Mixte de Recherche LSTM, Université des AntillesPointe-à-Pitre, France
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20
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Montesinos-Navarro A, Verdú M, Querejeta JI, Valiente-Banuet A. Nurse plants transfer more nitrogen to distantly related species. Ecology 2017; 98:1300-1310. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Montesinos-Navarro
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; A.P. 70-275 C.P. 04510 México D.F México
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV); Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV); Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - José Ignacio Querejeta
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Aguas; Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC); Campus de Espinardo, PO Box 4195 E-30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Alfonso Valiente-Banuet
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; A.P. 70-275 C.P. 04510 México D.F México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México D.F México
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21
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Yang R, Cai X, Li X, Christie P, Zhang J, Gai J. Temperature-mediated local adaptation alters the symbiotic function in arbuscular mycorrhiza. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2616-2628. [PMID: 28345305 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the symbiotic function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) has been demonstrated among distinct biotic and abiotic interactions. However, there is little knowledge on how local temperature conditions influence the functional divergence of AM symbionts in alpine ecosystems. Here, we conduct a reciprocal inoculation experiment to explore the three-way interactions among plants, AM fungal inoculum and temperature at sites of contrasting elevation. Evidence of local adaptation of plant growth was found only under low temperature conditions, with no consistent local versus foreign effect found in AM fungal performance. The origin of either the plant or the inoculum relative to the temperature was important in explaining symbiotic function. Specifically, when inoculum and temperature were sympatric but allopatric to the plant, poor adaptation by the plant to the novel environment was clearly found under both temperature conditions. Further analysis found that the symbiotic function was inversely related to fungal diversity under high temperature conditions. These results suggest that local adaptation represents a powerful factor in the establishment of novel combinations of plant, inoculum and temperature, and confirms the importance of taking into account both biotic and abiotic interactions in the prediction of the response of symbionts to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention, Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaobu Cai
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Linzhi, 860000, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingping Gai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention, Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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22
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Chen L, Zheng Y, Gao C, Mi XC, Ma KP, Wubet T, Guo LD. Phylogenetic relatedness explains highly interconnected and nested symbiotic networks of woody plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a Chinese subtropical forest. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2563-2575. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
- College of Life Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Ke-Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- The German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv); University Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
- College of Life Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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23
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Watson DM. Fleshing out facilitation - reframing interaction networks beyond top-down versus bottom-up. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:803-808. [PMID: 27322844 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
803 I. 803 II. 804 III. 804 IV. 805 V. 805 VI. 806 References 807 SUMMARY: Rather than direct plant-plant interactions, research on the community-scale influence of mistletoes reveals hitherto unappreciated roles of animals in mediating facilitation. Lacking roots and reliant upon animal vectors, mistletoes represent model systems with which to understand mechanisms underlying interaction networks. In addition to direct effects on nutrient dynamics via enriched litter-fall, mistletoes are visited by pollinators, seed dispersers and natural enemies, complementing increased heterogeneity in nutrient returns reallocated from infected hosts with increased external inputs. These amplified bottom-up effects are coupled with top-down influences of insectivores attracted to infected hosts and stands by increased availability of favoured prey. Simultaneously influencing nutrient dynamics and plant-plant interactions from below and above, visiting animals help explain variation in the context dependence of facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Watson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
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24
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Fungal phylogenetic diversity drives plant facilitation. Oecologia 2016; 181:533-41. [PMID: 26915080 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-plant facilitation is a crucial ecological process, as many plant species (facilitated) require the presence of an established individual (nurse) to recruit. Some plant facilitative interactions disappear during the ontogenetic development of the facilitated plant but others persist, even when the two plants are adults. We test whether the persistence of plant facilitative interactions is explained by the phylogenetic diversity of mutualistic and non-mutualistic fungi that the nurse and the facilitated species add to the shared rhizosphere. We classify plant facilitative interactions as persistent and non-persistent interactions and quantify the phylogenetic diversity of mutualistic and non-mutualistic fungi added by the plant species to the shared rhizosphere. Our results show that the facilitated species add less phylogenetic diversity of non-mutualistic fungi when plant facilitative interactions persist than when they do not persist. However, persistent and non-persistent facilitative interactions did not differ in the phylogenetic diversity of mutualistic fungi added by the facilitated species to the shared rhizosphere. Finally, the fungal phylogenetic diversity added by the nurse to the shared rhizosphere did not differ between persistent and non-persistent interactions. This study suggests that considering the fungal associates of the plant species involved in facilitative interactions can shed light on the mechanisms of persistence for plant-plant interactions.
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25
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Rodríguez‐Echeverría S, Lozano YM, Bardgett RD. Influence of soil microbiota in nurse plant systems. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez‐Echeverría
- CFE‐Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Calçada Martim de Freitas 3000‐456 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Yudi M. Lozano
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Carretera de Sacramento s/n E‐04120 La Cañada de San Urbano Almería Spain
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Michael Smith Building Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
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26
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Toju H, Guimarães PR, Olesen JM, Thompson JN. Below-ground plant-fungus network topology is not congruent with above-ground plant-animal network topology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500291. [PMID: 26601279 PMCID: PMC4646793 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants and their pollinating and/or seed-dispersing animals form complex interaction networks. The commonly observed pattern of links between specialists and generalists in these networks has been predicted to promote species coexistence. Plants also build highly species-rich mutualistic networks below ground with root-associated fungi, and the structure of these plant-fungus networks may also affect terrestrial community processes. By compiling high-throughput DNA sequencing data sets of the symbiosis of plants and their root-associated fungi from three localities along a latitudinal gradient, we uncovered the entire network architecture of these interactions under contrasting environmental conditions. Each network included more than 30 plant species and hundreds of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi belonging to diverse phylogenetic groups. The results were consistent with the notion that processes shaping host-plant specialization of fungal species generate a unique linkage pattern that strongly contrasts with the pattern of above-ground plant-partner networks. Specifically, plant-fungus networks lacked a "nested" architecture, which has been considered to promote species coexistence in plant-partner networks. Rather, the below-ground networks had a conspicuous "antinested" topology. Our findings lead to the working hypothesis that terrestrial plant community dynamics are likely determined by the balance between above-ground and below-ground webs of interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toju
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - John N. Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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27
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Montesinos-Navarro A, Segarra-Moragues JG, Valiente-Banuet A, Verdú M. Evidence for phylogenetic correlation of plant-AMF assemblages? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:171-7. [PMID: 25452252 PMCID: PMC4551090 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Specificity in biotic interactions is mediated' by functional traits inducing shifts in the community species composition. Functional traits are often evolutionarily conserved, resulting in closely related species tending to interact with similar species. This tendency may initially shape the phylogenetic composition of coexisting guilds, but other intraguild ecological processes may either blur or promote the mirroring of the phylogenetic compositions between guilds. The roles of intra- and interguild interactions in shaping the phylogenetic community composition are largely unknown, beyond the mere selectivity in the interguild interactions. Plant facilitation is a phylogenetically structured species-specific process involving interactions not only between the same guild of plants, but also between plants and other guilds such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In this study it is hypothesized that reciprocal plant-AMF interactions will leave an interdependent phylogenetic signal in the community composition of both plants and AMF. METHODS A correlation was used to test for a relationship between the phylogenetic composition of plant and AMF assemblages in a patchy xeric shrubland environment shaped by plant facilitation. In addition, a null model was used to test whether this correlation can be solely explained by selectivity in plant-AMF interactions. KEY RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between the phylogenetic composition of plant and AMF assemblages. Plant phylogenetic composition in a patch was related to the predominance of plant species with high nursery quality that can influence the community assembly. AMF phylogenetic composition was related to the AMF phylogenetic diversity in each patch. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that shifts in the phylogenetic composition of plants and AMF assemblages do not occur independently. It is suggested that besides selectivity in plant-AMF interactions, inter-related succession dynamics of plants and AMF within patches could be an ecological mechanism driving community assembly. Future lines of research might explore whether interlinked above- and below-ground dynamics could be occurring across multiple guilds simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montesinos-Navarro
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, CP 04510, México, DF, México and Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, CP 04510, México, DF, México and Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México
| | - J G Segarra-Moragues
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, CP 04510, México, DF, México and Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México
| | - A Valiente-Banuet
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, CP 04510, México, DF, México and Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, CP 04510, México, DF, México and Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México
| | - M Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, CP 04510, México, DF, México and Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México
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Qiao X, Bei S, Li C, Dong Y, Li H, Christie P, Zhang F, Zhang J. Enhancement of faba bean competitive ability by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is highly correlated with dynamic nutrient acquisition by competing wheat. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8122. [PMID: 25631933 PMCID: PMC4309967 DOI: 10.1038/srep08122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of the dynamic processes linking nutrient acquisition and biomass production of competing individuals can be instructive in optimizing intercropping systems. Here, we examine the effect of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae on competitive dynamics between wheat and faba bean. Wheat is less responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation. Both inoculated and uninoculated wheat attained the maximum instantaneous N and P capture approximately five days before it attained the maximum instantaneous biomass production, indicating that wheat detected the competitor and responded physiologically to resource limitation prior to the biomass response. By contrast, the instantaneous N and P capture by uninoculated faba bean remained low throughout the growth period, and plant growth was not significantly affected by competing wheat. However, inoculation substantially enhanced biomass production and N and P acquisition of faba bean. The exudation of citrate and malate acids and acid phosphatase activity were greater in mycorrhizal than in uninoculated faba bean, and rhizosphere pH tended to decrease. We conclude that under N and P limiting conditions, temporal separation of N and P acquisition by competing plant species and enhancement of complementary resource use in the presence of AMF might be attributable to the competitive co-existence of faba bean and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qiao
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Grain Groups, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming Systems in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Shuikuan Bei
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Haigang Li
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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Toju H, Guimarães PR, Olesen JM, Thompson JN. Assembly of complex plant-fungus networks. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5273. [PMID: 25327887 PMCID: PMC4218951 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Species in ecological communities build complex webs of interaction. Although revealing the architecture of these networks is fundamental to understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics in nature, it has been difficult to characterize the structure of most species-rich ecological systems. By overcoming this limitation through next-generation sequencing technology, we herein uncover the network architecture of below-ground plant-fungus symbioses, which are ubiquitous to terrestrial ecosystems. The examined symbiotic network of a temperate forest in Japan includes 33 plant species and 387 functionally and phylogenetically diverse fungal taxa, and the overall network architecture differs fundamentally from that of other ecological networks. In contrast to results for other ecological networks and theoretical predictions for symbiotic networks, the plant-fungus network shows moderate or relatively low levels of interaction specialization and modularity and an unusual pattern of 'nested' network architecture. These results suggest that species-rich ecological networks are more architecturally diverse than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toju
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - John N. Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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Torrecillas E, del Mar Alguacil M, Roldán A, Díaz G, Montesinos-Navarro A, Torres MP. Modularity reveals the tendency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to interact differently with generalist and specialist plant species in gypsum soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:5457-66. [PMID: 24973074 PMCID: PMC4136098 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01358-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns in plant-soil biota interactions could be influenced by the spatial distribution of species due to soil conditions or by the functional traits of species. Gypsum environments usually constitute a mosaic of heterogeneous soils where gypsum and nongypsum soils are imbricated at a local scale. A case study of the interactions of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in gypsum environments can be illustrative of patterns in biotic interactions. We hypothesized that (i) soil characteristics might affect the AMF community and (ii) there are differences between the AMF communities (modules) associated with plants exclusive to gypsum soils (gypsophytes) and those associated with plants that show facultative behavior on gypsum and/or marly-limestone soils (gypsovags). We used indicator species and network analyses to test for differences between the AMF communities harbored in gypsophyte and gypsovag plants. We recorded 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to nine genera of Glomeromycota. The indicator species analysis showed two OTUs preferentially associating with gypsum soils and three OTUs preferentially associating with marly-limestone soils. Modularity analysis revealed that soil type can be a major factor shaping AMF communities, and some AMF groups showed a tendency to interact differently with plants that had distinct ecological strategies (gypsophytes and gypsovags). Characterization of ecological networks can be a valuable tool for ascertaining the potential influence of above- and below-ground biotic interactions (plant-AMF) on plant community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Torrecillas
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Alguacil
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Roldán
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gisela Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Área de Botánica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Montesinos-Navarro
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Pilar Torres
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Área de Botánica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Hayward J, Horton TR. Phylogenetic trait conservation in the partner choice of a group of ectomycorrhizal trees. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4886-98. [PMID: 25169622 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ecological interactions are frequently conserved across evolutionary time. In the case of mutualisms, these conserved interactions may play a large role in structuring mutualist communities. We hypothesized that phylogenetic trait conservation could play a key role in determining patterns of association in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, a globally important trophic mutualism. We used the association between members of the pantropical plant tribe Pisonieae and its fungal mutualist partners as a model system to test the prediction that Pisonieae-associating ectomycorrhizal fungi will be more closely related than expected by chance, reflecting a conserved trait. We tested this prediction using previously published and newly generated sequences in a Bayesian framework incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty. We report that phylogenetic trait conservation does exist in this association. We generated a five-marker phylogeny of members of the Pisonieae and used this phylogeny in a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis. We established that the most recent common ancestors of Pisonieae species and Pisonieae-associating fungi sharing phylogenetic conservation of their patterns of ectomycorrhizal association occurred no more recently than 14.2 Ma. We therefore suggest that phylogenetic trait conservation in the Pisonieae ectomycorrhizal mutualism association represents an inherited syndrome which has existed for at least 14 Myr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hayward
- Department of Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Reinhart KO, Anacker BL. More closely related plants have more distinct mycorrhizal communities. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu051. [PMID: 25165062 PMCID: PMC4172195 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Neighbouring plants are known to vary from having similar to dissimilar arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities. One possibility is that closely related plants have more similar AMF communities than more distantly related plants, an indication of phylogenetic host specificity. Here, we investigated the structure of AMF communities among dominant grassland plants at three sites in the Northern Great Plains to test whether the pairwise phylogenetic distance among plant species was correlated with pairwise AMF community dissimilarity. For eight dominant and co-occurring grassland plant species, we reconstructed a phylogeny based on DNA data and characterized the AMF communities of their roots at each site. Community analyses revealed that AMF communities varied among sites and among plant species. Contrary to expectations for phylogenetic host specificity, we found that within a site more closely related plants had more distinct AMF communities despite their having similar phenologies. Associations with unique AMF communities may enhance the functional complementarity of related species and promote their coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt O Reinhart
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT 59301-4016, USA
| | - Brian L Anacker
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Oviedo R, Faife-Cabrera M, Noa-Monzón A, Arroyo J, Valiente-Banuet A, Verdú M. Facilitation allows plant coexistence in Cuban serpentine soils. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:711-716. [PMID: 24152146 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Serpentine soils represent stressful habitats where plants have to cope with heavy metals, moisture limitation and low nutrient availability. We propose that facilitation is an important mechanism structuring plant communities under such stressful conditions. Facilitation has been shown to generate the spatial association of species, forming discrete vegetation patches of phylogenetically distant species. We measured these spatial and phylogenetic signatures left by facilitation in a serpentine plant community of central Cuba. Our results show that seedlings preferentially grow under plants of different species, and that adults are significantly aggregated into vegetation patches. In these patches, adults tend to co-occur with distant relatives, ultimately forming phylogenetically diverse neighbourhoods. We discuss possible mechanisms explaining how species adapted to serpentine areas may be acting as nurses, reducing the stressful conditions for the establishment of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oviedo
- Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
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Li L, Tilman D, Lambers H, Zhang FS. Plant diversity and overyielding: insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agriculture. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:63-9. [PMID: 25013876 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence that plant diversity in experimental systems may enhance ecosystem productivity, the mechanisms causing this overyielding remain debated. Here, we review studies of overyielding observed in agricultural intercropping systems, and show that a potentially important mechanism underlying such facilitation is the ability of some crop species to chemically mobilize otherwise-unavailable forms of one or more limiting soil nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and micronutrients (iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn)). Phosphorus-mobilizing crop species improve P nutrition for themselves and neighboring non-P-mobilizing species by releasing acid phosphatases, protons and/or carboxylates into the rhizosphere which increases the concentration of soluble inorganic P in soil. Similarly, on calcareous soils with a very low availability of Fe and Zn, Fe- and Zn-mobilizing species, such as graminaceous monocotyledonous and cluster-rooted species, benefit themselves, and also reduce Fe or Zn deficiency in neighboring species, by releasing chelating substances. Based on this review, we hypothesize that mobilization-based facilitative interactions may be an unsuspected, but potentially important mechanism enhancing productivity in both natural ecosystems and biodiversity experiments. We discuss cases in which nutrient mobilization might be occurring in natural ecosystems, and suggest that the nutrient mobilization hypothesis merits formal testing in natural ecosystems.
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Facelli E, Duan T, Smith SE, Christophersen HM, Facelli JM, Smith FA. Opening the black box: outcomes of interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non-host genotypes of Medicago depend on fungal identity, interplay between P uptake pathways and external P supply. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1382-1392. [PMID: 24236504 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the physiology that underlies the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization on outcomes of interactions between plants. We grew Medicago truncatula A17 and its AM-defective mutant dmi1 in intragenotypic (two plants per pot of the same genotype, x2) or intergenotypic (one plant of each genotype, 1 + 1) combinations, inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly Glomus intraradices) or Gigaspora margarita. We measured plant growth, colonization, contributions of AM and direct P uptake pathways using (32)P, and expression of plant Pi transporter genes at two levels of P supply. A17 (x2) responded positively to inoculation only at low P. The response was enhanced with 1 + 1 even at high P where colonization in A17 was reduced. With R. irregularis P uptake by the AM pathway was unaffected by P supply, whereas with G. margarita, the AM pathway was lower at high P, and direct uptake higher. Gene expression varied and was unrelated to P uptake through the two pathways. There was no evidence of plant control of P uptake via R. irregularis at high P but there was via G. margarita. Importantly, growth responses of plant genotypes grown alone did not predict outcomes of intergenotypic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Facelli
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Valiente-Banuet A, Verdú M. Plant Facilitation and Phylogenetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between facilitation and evolutionary ecology is poorly understood. We review five issues elucidating how the phylogenetic relatedness of species provides insight into the role of facilitation in community assembly: (a) Are the facilitative interactions more common between species that differ in a regeneration niche? (b) Are facilitative interactions more common between distantly related species? (c) Do communities governed by facilitation (rather than competition) have higher phylogenetic diversity? (d) As facilitated juvenile plants mature, do they compete with their nurses more often if they are closely related to them? (e) How does the phylogenetic signature in a community reveal ecological processes, such as succession, regeneration dynamics, indirect interactions, and coextinction cascades? The evolutionary history of lineages explains the regeneration niche of species, which ultimately determines the facilitation-competition balance and therefore community assembly and dynamics. We apply this framework to the conservation of biodiversity and propose future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Valiente-Banuet
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología,
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Federal District 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Valencia-Generalitat Valenciana), 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Těšitelová T, Jersáková J, Roy M, Kubátová B, Těšitel J, Urfus T, Trávníček P, Suda J. Ploidy-specific symbiotic interactions: divergence of mycorrhizal fungi between cytotypes of the Gymnadenia conopsea group (Orchidaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:1022-1033. [PMID: 23731358 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is widely recognized as a major mechanism of sympatric speciation in plants, yet little is known about its effects on interactions with other organisms. Mycorrhizal fungi are among the most common plant symbionts and play an important role in plant nutrient supply. It remains to be understood whether mycorrhizal associations of ploidy-variable plants can be ploidy-specific. We examined mycorrhizal associations in three cytotypes (2x, 3x, 4x) of the Gymnadenia conopsea group (Orchidaceae), involving G. conopsea s.s. and G. densiflora, at different spatial scales and during different ontogenetic stages. We analysed: adults from mixed- and single-ploidy populations at a regional scale; closely spaced adults within a mixed-ploidy site; and mycorrhizal seedlings. All Gymnadenia cytotypes associated mainly with saprotrophic Tulasnellaceae (Basidiomycota). Nonetheless, both adults and seedlings of diploids and their autotetraploid derivatives significantly differed in the identity of their mycorrhizal symbionts. Interploidy segregation of mycorrhizal symbionts was most pronounced within a site with closely spaced adults. This study provides the first evidence that polyploidization of a plant species can be associated with a shift in mycorrhizal symbionts. This divergence may contribute to niche partitioning and facilitate establishment and co-existence of different cytotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Těšitelová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jersáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Mélanie Roy
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université de Toulouse, 3 Paul Sabatier, ENFA, CNRS, UMR 5174, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, 31062, France
| | - Barbora Kubátová
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Těšitel
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Urfus
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice 1, 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trávníček
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice 1, 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Suda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice 1, 252 43, Czech Republic
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Gagliano M, Renton M. Love thy neighbour: facilitation through an alternative signalling modality in plants. BMC Ecol 2013; 13:19. [PMID: 23647722 PMCID: PMC3651341 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both competitive and facilitative interactions between species play a fundamental role in shaping natural communities. A recent study showed that competitive interactions between plants can be mediated by some alternative signalling channel, extending beyond those channels studied so far (i.e. chemicals, contact and light). Here, we tested whether such alternative pathway also enables facilitative interactions between neighbouring plant species. Specifically, we examined whether the presence of a ‘good’ neighbouring plant like basil positively influenced the germination of chilli seeds when all known signals were blocked. For this purpose, we used a custom-designed experimental set-up that prevented above- and below-ground contact and blocked chemical and light-mediated signals normally exchange by plants. Results We found that seed germination was positively enhanced by the presence of a ‘good’ neighbour, even when the known signalling modalities were blocked, indicating that light, touch or chemical signals may not be indispensible for different plant species to sense each other’s presence. Conclusions We propose that this alternative signalling modality operates as a general indicator of the presence of heterospecifics, enabling seeds to detect and identify a neighbour prior to engaging in a more finely-tuned, but potentially more costly, response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gagliano
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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