1
|
Cannon JG. Structure-activity aspects of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and its analogs and congeners. Med Res Rev 1994; 14:505-31. [PMID: 7815851 DOI: 10.1002/med.2610140503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Cannon
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baux G, Poulain B, Tauc L. Quantal analysis of action of hemicholinium-3 studied at a central cholinergic synapse of Aplysia. J Physiol 1986; 380:209-26. [PMID: 3039124 PMCID: PMC1182933 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) on cholinergic transmission were studied on central identified inhibitory (H-type post-synaptic cell, Cl- channels) and on excitatory (D-type post-synaptic cell, cationic channels) synapses of Aplysia californica. In the H-type post-synaptic cell, the amplitude and the decay time of miniature post-synaptic currents (m.p.s.c.s.) were calculated by statistical analysis of long duration induced post-synaptic current (l.d.i.p.s.c.) due to 3 s depolarizations of the presynaptic neurone in the presence of tetrodotoxin. On H-type receptors, with respect to acetylcholine (ACh), HC-3 acted as an agonist and a blocker whereas on D-type receptors, it acted only as a blocker. At low concentration of bath-applied HC-3, in the H-type synapse, the decay time of the evoked inhibitory post-synaptic current (i.p.s.c.) as well as that of the m.p.s.c. was lengthened. These changes were rapidly reversible by wash. The decay time of excitatory post-synaptic current (e.p.s.c.) at the D-type synapse was not affected. On the inhibitory synapse, HC-3 applied in the bath at the concentration of 10(-5) M, reduced considerably the size of the m.p.s.c.s whereas the evoked i.p.s.c.s and the l.d.i.p.s.c.s were only slightly affected pointing to an increase of the quantal content of both responses. After wash, both i.p.s.c.s and l.d.i.p.s.c.s showed a clear facilitation which persisted for several tens of minutes. The presence of presynaptic receptors was considered. Similar facilitation of e.p.s.c.s by HC-3 was observed at the D-type synapse. The comparison of the degree of depression by HC-3 of the m.p.s.c.s and of the responses to ionophoretically applied ACh, indicated that the size of the quantum was not changed. Intracellular injection of HC-3 into the presynaptic neurone of the H-type synapse led to a decrease of transmitter release which affected solely the quantal content of the responses. As the synaptic transmission could not be restored by injection of exogenous ACh into the presynaptic neurone, it was concluded that the depression of transmission was not due to a decrease of ACh synthesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tedford CE, Reed D, Bhattacharyya B, Bhalla P, Cannon JG, Long JP. Evaluation of 4-methylpiperidine analogs of hemicholinium-3. Eur J Pharmacol 1986; 128:231-9. [PMID: 3024994 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(86)90770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of substituted piperidine analogs of hemicholinium-3 was evaluated for their ability to inhibit neuromuscular transmission, to decrease acetylcholine content of caudate slices, to inhibit choline acetyltransferase activity, and to produce toxicity. Quaternary and tertiary amine derivatives of 4-methyl- and 4-hydroxyl-substituted piperidine analogs containing beta-carbonyl or beta-hydroxyl substitutions in the phenylethyl spacing moiety were tested. 4-Methyl piperidine derivatives maintained potent hemicholinium-3 like activity. Reduction of activity was seen with the 4-hydroxyl piperidine analogs. Compounds with beta-hydroxyl substitution were more potent than those with beta-carbonyl substitution. The tertiary amine, 4-methyl piperidine derivative with a hydroxyl group on the beta-carbon of the ethyl side chain also possessed hemicholinium-3 like activity. However, tertiary amine analogs were substantially less potent than hemicholinium-3 or their quaternary amine analogs.
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Hamza M, Lloveras J, Ribbes G, Soula G, Douste-Blazy L. An in vitro study of hemicholinium-3 on phospholipid metabolism of Krebs II ascites cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1983; 32:1893-7. [PMID: 6309183 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(83)90055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With [Me-14C]choline as marker and after separation of choline and phosphocholine by ion-exchange column chromatography or thin layer chromatography on alumina, it is shown that 40 microM hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) inhibits the cytosolic choline-kinase of rat liver and Krebs cells. This inhibition is competitive (Km different, Vm similar) in the first case and mixed in the second (Km and Vm different). Despite this general inhibition of the phosphocholine formation, the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by post-nuclear supernatants of rat liver and Krebs cells is different when tested with HC-3. It is unaffected in rat liver; however, HC-3 induces a PC deficiency in Krebs cells which is time-course dependent between 15 and 120 min and proportional to the drug concentrations in the interval 5-40 microM. Incorporation of AT-[gamma 32P] or [2-14C]ethanolamine into phospholipids shows that the sequential methylation pathway is not detectable in Krebs cells. These results are discussed in relation to those established concerning HC-3 action on phospholipid metabolism in other tissues.
Collapse
|
6
|
Glavinović M, Ropert N, Krnjević K, Collier B. Hemicholinium impairs septo-hippocampal facilitatory action. Neuroscience 1983; 9:319-30. [PMID: 6308508 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intraventricular injections of hemicholinium-3 led to a sharp reduction in hippocampal acetylcholine content (by 79% on the average). This was associated with the following changes in population spikes evoked in area CA1 by commissural stimulation: (1) a tendency to progressive increase, over 1-2 hours; (2) in a few cases (3 out of 12), a striking depression of the normal strong facilitation produced by brief tetanic stimulation of the medial septum (typically 10 pulses at 50-100 Hz); (3) a much more consistent tendency towards fading of the septal facilitatory effect during repeated applications of such brief septal tetani (in 10 cases out of 12); as well as, (4) diminished facilitation by sustained, lower frequency septal tetanic stimulation (20-50 Hz). The reduced efficiency of septal action--especially during repetitive stimulation--was not accompanied by a consistent reduction of the facilitation produced by local applications of acetylcholine; it is, therefore, best explained by the diminished availability of acetylcholine, and so provides further evidence that septo-hippocampal facilitation is mediated by a cholinergic mechanism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rauca C, Kammerer E, Matthies H. Influence of choline, hemicholinium-3 and naphthylvinylpyridine on uptake and acetylation of 3H-labeled choline into hippocampus slices. Biochem Pharmacol 1981; 30:1415-20. [PMID: 7271837 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(81)90360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
8
|
Abdul-Ghani AS, Marton M, Dobkin J. Studies on the transport of glutamine in vivo between the brain and blood in the resting state and during afferent electrical stimulation. J Neurochem 1978; 31:541-6. [PMID: 671054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb02670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
9
|
Somogyi GT, Vizi ES, Knoll J. Effect of hemicholinium-3 on the release and net synthesis of acetylcholine in Auerbach's plexus of guinea pig ileum. Neuroscience 1977; 2:791-6. [PMID: 593557 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(77)90032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Burt AM. Choline kinase activity in the developing rat spinal cord: differential development of hemicholinium-3 sensitive and insensitive activity. J Neurochem 1977; 28:961-966. [PMID: 194019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Racagni G, Cheney DL, Zsilla G, Costa E. The measurement of acetylcholine turnover rate in brain structures. Neuropharmacology 1976; 15:723-36. [PMID: 796753 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(76)90001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
13
|
Bradshaw D, Hemsworth BA. The acetylation of hemicholinium-3 by choline acetyltransferase. Biochem Pharmacol 1976; 25:1589-94. [PMID: 942459 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(76)90468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Salehmoghaddam SH, Collier B. The relationship between acetylcholine release from brain slices and the acetylcholine content of subcellular fractions prepared from brain. J Neurochem 1976; 27:71-6. [PMID: 956854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb01545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
15
|
Hemsworth BA. The pharmacological actions of some polymethylene-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-dimethyl-ammonium compounds on cholinergic transmission. Eur J Pharmacol 1976; 35:127-34. [PMID: 176035 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(76)90307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some polymethylene-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-dimethyl-ammonium (dicholine) compounds containing from 7 to 10 methylene groups between the quaternary nitrogen atoms, have been studied for activity at various sites of cholinergic transmission. The post-junctional activity of the compounds was investigated on the frog rectus abdominis muscle. Small doses of C8-, C9-, and C10-dicholine potentiated ACh contractions, however larger doses of all the dicholine compounds blocked the nicotinic receptor sites of the frog rectus muscle. The dicholine compounds blocked neuromuscular transmission in the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm. These actions at the rat neuromuscular junction are compared with the purely post-junctional actions on the frog rectus muscle. Although the compounds exert anticholinesterase activity in vitro it is suggested that this effect plays little part in the action of the drugs at the neuromuscular junction. It is concluded that the dicholine compounds have both pre- and post-junctional activity at the neuromuscular junction. The dicholine compounds are acetylated at varying rates by partially purified choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) although all are acetylated less readily than choline. The rate of acetylation of the dicholine compounds by ChAc parallels their activity in blocking neuromuscular transmission and it is suggested that other quaternary ammonium compounds containing hydroxyl or hydroxyethyl groupings may be acetylated by ChAc and this may affect their blocking action at the neuromuscular junction.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ansell GB, Spanner S. The metabolism of choline in regions of rat brain and the effect of hemicholinium-3. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24:1719-23. [PMID: 1191329 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(75)90012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Acara M, Kowalski M, Rennick B, Hemsworth B. Renal tubular excretion of triethylcholine (TEC) in the chicken: enhancement and inhibition of renal excretion of choline and acetylcholine by TEC. Br J Pharmacol 1975; 54:41-8. [PMID: 1173558 PMCID: PMC1666386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
1. [3H]-triethylcholine (TEC) was actively transported by the renal tubule of the chicken at a rate 85% that of simultaneously administered p-aminohippuric acid (PAH). 2. TEC was demonstrated to be transported by the organic cation transport system in the kidney through inhibition with quinine and the bio-cation choline. 3. When the infusion of TEC was increased to 2 times 10(-6) mol kg(-1) min(-1) reaching the infused kidney, the transport of [3H]-TEC was inhibited, suggesting that an excretory transport maximum for TEC in the renal tubules had been reached. 4. The excretion of both choline and acetylcholine was enhanced by TEC loads as low as 1 times 10(-18) mol kg(-1) min(-1). Enhancement continued as TEC infusion was increased up to approximately 1 times 10(-7) mol kg(-1) min(-1) at which point this enhancement was converted to inhibition. 5. Possible mechanisms for the biphasic effect of TEC on organic cation transport are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mann SP, Hebb C. Inhibition of choline acetyltransferase by quaternary ammonium analogues of choline. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24:1013-7. [PMID: 1174027 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(75)90438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
20
|
Rommelspacher H, Kuhar MJ. Effects of electrical stimulation on acetylcholine levels in central cholinergic nerve terminals. Brain Res 1974; 81:243-51. [PMID: 4373127 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
21
|
Bhargava HN, Chan SL, Way EL. Influence of hemicholinium (HC-3) on morphine analgesia, tolerance, physical dependence and on brain acetylcholine. Eur J Pharmacol 1974; 29:253-61. [PMID: 4474945 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(74)90024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
22
|
Rommelspacher H, Goldberg AM, Kuhar MJ. Action of hemicholinium-3 on cholinergic nerve terminals after alteration of neuronal impulse flow. Neuropharmacology 1974; 13:1015-23. [PMID: 4373680 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(74)90092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
23
|
|
24
|
White GL, Schellhase HU, Hawthorne JN. Phosphoinositide metabolism in rat superior cervical ganglion, vagus and phrenic nerve: effects of electrical stimulation and various blocking agents. J Neurochem 1974; 22:149-58. [PMID: 4362075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb12191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Alberici de Canal M, Robiolo B, Mistrorigo de Pacheco M. The effect of the convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyrate system in the rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 1973; 21:615-23. [PMID: 4147501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb06006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
27
|
Domino EF, Mohrman ME, Wilson AE, Haarstad VB. Acetylseco hemicholinium-3, a new choline acetyltransferase inhibitor useful in neuropharmacological studies. Neuropharmacology 1973; 12:549-61. [PMID: 4725524 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(73)90005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
28
|
|
29
|
|
30
|
Haga T, Noda H. Choline uptake systems of rat brain synaptosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 291:564-75. [PMID: 4690869 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
31
|
Sciorelli G, Poloni M, Rindi G. Evidence of cholinergic mediation of ingestive responses elicited by dibutyryladenosine-3',5'-monophosphate in rat hypothalamus. Brain Res 1972; 48:427-31. [PMID: 4345603 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
32
|
Diamond I, Milfay D. Uptake of ( 3 H-methyl)choline by microsomal, synaptosomal, mitochondrial and synaptic vesicle fractions of rat brain. The effects of hemicholinium. J Neurochem 1972; 19:1899-909. [PMID: 5047852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
33
|
De Canal MA, De Robertis E. Alteration of GABA system and Purkinje cells in rat cerebellum by the convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid. J Neurochem 1972; 19:1379-85. [PMID: 4401999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Evidence for acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine as excitatory transmitters on to a single neuron in the brain of the snail, Helix aspersa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-4035(72)90041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
35
|
Properties of the Isolated Nerve Endings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)61060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
36
|
Párducz A, Fehér O, Joó F. Effects of stimulation and hemicholinium (HC-3) on the fine structure of nerve endings in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat. Brain Res 1971; 34:61-72. [PMID: 4330970 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
37
|
Gomez MV, Sellinger OZ, Santiago JC, Domino EF. The selective regional stimulation by hemicholinium-3 of the formation of cerebral cytidine diphosphocholine in vivo. Int J Neurosci 1971; 2:145-9. [PMID: 5161307 DOI: 10.3109/00207457109148767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
38
|
Alberici de Canal M, De Robertis E. Turnover of proteins in subcellular fractions of rat cerebral cortex. Brain Res 1971; 31:179-84. [PMID: 5570653 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
39
|
|
40
|
|